NOTES
Links to summaries of key issues for each topic
VISUALS
Links to images employed in lectures on a topic-by-topic basis
TEXT
Link to chapter outlines at online learning center at McGraw Hill.
NOTES
Links to summaries of key issues for each topic
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The Ocean and Atmosphere
(contd.)
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Notes on Topic:
The notes represent summaries
of key issues for each topic
They emphasize the terminology used to
describe the various phenomena.
| 4. Climatic and Weather Features: |
| Learning Objectives: |
- Appreciation of the coupling between seasonal winds and climate features
- Understanding how hurricanes form and where they occur
-
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| Hurricanes (Typhoons): |
- Hurricanes form from trade winds in equatorial regions
- initiated over warm waters (>27°C)
- begin as pressure disturbance (easterly wave)
- involve the convergence of rotating winds
- start as tropical depression and build to become tropical storms
- become hurricanes when wind speed >75 knots
- start as low pressure with moist winds at 10 - 20°N and S
- move westwards
- dissipate over land or cold water
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| Storm Tides and Storm Surges: |
- Elevated seas caused by storms, including cyclones and hurricanes
- can flood coastal areas
- forerunner: slight fall in water level
- builds up to surge as storm passes, with rising and falling sea level.
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| Clouds and Climate: |
- Cloud heat and cool the Earth
- require condensation nucleii
- Types of clouds:
- cold air with precipitation (cumulonimbus)
- warm air rises (nimbostratus, altostratus, cirrostratus and cirrus).
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Department of Geological Sciences,
1001 E. Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN 47405-1403
Phone: (812) 855-5582 Last updated: 7 October 2000
Comments: simon@indiana.edu
Copyright
2000, The Trustees of Indiana University
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