REGENERATION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE: the recent literature

A literature search at Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana

The following MEDLINE items were compiled by SilverPlatter and are presented with their generous co-operation and permission. (See SilverPlatter's Worldwide Library for bibliographic search information.)

Smooth muscle *is the sort found in the intestines, blood vessels, base of the hairs, turkey gizzards, penises, bladders, uteri and other organs whose physiological functions we and our animals cousins generally cannot bring under the direct control of the will -- visceral or autonomic activities. The "smooth" part of the name comes from what smooth muscle does not show us under the microscope. There are two other general varieties of muscle: skeletal (e. g., biceps) and the cardiac muscle of the heart. Both of the latter exhibit stripes under the microscope and, therefore, are said to be striated (like a zebra or a pair of diplomat's trousers). Smooth muscle, by contrast, does not show stripes and, of course, is not striated. It's smooth!
Does smooth muscle have the capacity to regenerate? Here are the abstracts of more than 50 articles in the recent scientific literature that will let you answer the question and judge the underlying issue for yourself.

TI: The effect of exposure time on microsurgical anastomoses of experimentally crushed arteries.

AU: Su-WF; Chen-LE; Seaber-AV; Urbaniak-JR

AD: Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.

SO: Int-Angiol. 1995 Sep; 14(3): 243-7

ISSN: 0392-9590

PY: 1995

LA: ENGLISH

CP: ITALY

AB: Replantation after crushing amputation has a relatively low success rate. Although the mechanism of trauma is a major factor in failure, the time lapse before vessel anastomosis may also be a contributing factor. In this study, we observed the influence of the interval between vessel injury and surgical treatment on thrombus formation and healing after controlled crushing. Seventy-five Sprague-Dawley rats were used. A segment of femoral artery was clamped to create warm ischemia for 8 hours and crushed with a 15 kg load for one hour. After the loading device was removed the crushed segments were transected and the vessel ends exposed to the adjacent tissues and blood for 0, 2, 4 and 6 hours (groups II-V, respectively) prior to being anastomosed with standard microsurgical technique. The vessel samples were harvested at days 1, 2 and 7, respectively, and evaluated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The patency rate of the anastomoses was 97.3% at harvest and reendothelialization was completed at day 7. Three anastomoses with 4 or 6 hours exposure showed thrombosis, or clotting. The results indicated that up to 6 hours exposure time did not have a significant influence on thrombus formation or the healing process of vessels under the controlled conditions of this study.

MESH: Crush-Syndrome-pathology; Femoral-Artery-injuries; Femoral-Artery-pathology; Femoral-Artery-surgery; Hindlimb-blood-supply; Ischemia-pathology; Ischemia-surgery; Microscopy,-Electron,-Scanning; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-surgery; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Thrombosis-pathology; Thrombosis-surgery; Wound-Healing-physiology

MESH: *Anastomosis,-Surgical-methods; *Crush-Syndrome-surgery; *Microsurgery-methods; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-injuries; *Replantation-methods

TG: Animal; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

CN: HL360466HLNHLBI

AN: 97078320

UD: 9703

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-4/97 3 of 59

TI: Correction of hypertension by normalization of endothelial levels of fibroblast growth factor and nitric oxide synthase in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

AU: Cuevas-P; Garcia-Calvo-M; Carceller-F; Reimers-D; Zazo-M; Cuevas-B; Munoz-Willery-I; Martinez-Coso-V; Lamas-S; Gimenez-Gallego-G

AD: Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar, Madrid, Spain.

SO: Proc-Natl-Acad-Sci-U-S-A. 1996 Oct 15; 93(21): 11996-2001

ISSN: 0027-8424

PY: 1996

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) share a wide range of diverse biological activities. To date, low levels of FGF have not been correlated with a pathophysiologic state. We report that blood vessels of spontaneously hypertensive rats are shown to be associated with a marked decrement in endothelial basic FGF content. This decrement correlates both with hypertension and with a decrease in the endothelial content of nitric oxide synthase. Restoration of FGF to physiological levels in the vascular wall, either by systemic administration or by in vivo gene transfer, significantly augmented the number of endothelial cells with positive immunostaining for nitric oxide synthase, corrected hypertension, and ameliorated endothelial-dependent responses to vasoconstrictors. These results suggest an important role for FGFs in blood pressure homeostasis and open new avenues for the understanding of the etiology and treatment of hypertension.

MESH: Aorta,-Thoracic; Endothelium,-Vascular-drug-effects; Endothelium,-Vascular-enzymology; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Acidic-administration-and-dosage; Gene-Therapy; Hypertension-enzymology; Hypertension-genetics; Immunohistochemistry-; Injections,-Intravenous; Mesenteric-Arteries-drug-effects; Mesenteric-Arteries-physiology; Mesenteric-Arteries-physiopathology; Muscle-Contraction-drug-effects; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-drug-effects; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-physiology; Peptide-Peptidohydrolases; Phenylephrine-pharmacology; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-SHR; Rats,-Inbred-WKY; Recombinant-Proteins-biosynthesis; Regeneration-; Transfection-

MESH: *Blood-Pressure-drug-effects; *Endothelium,-Vascular-metabolism; *Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Acidic-biosynthesis; *Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Acidic-pharmacology; *Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-metabolism; *Hypertension-physiopathology; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-physiopathology; *Nitric-Oxide-Synthase-metabolism

TG: Animal; In-Vitro; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: EC 1.14.13.39; EC 3.4.-; 0; 0; 104781-85-3; 59-42-7

NM: Nitric-Oxide-Synthase; Peptide-Peptidohydrolases; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic; Recombinant-Proteins; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Acidic; Phenylephrine

AN: 97030310

UD: 9702

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-4/97 4 of 59

TI: Adventitial myofibroblasts contribute to neointimal formation in injured porcine coronary arteries.

AU: Shi-Y; O'Brien-JE; Fard-A; Mannion-JD; Wang-D; Zalewski-A

AD: Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.

SO: Circulation. 1996 Oct 1; 94(7): 1655-64

ISSN: 0009-7322

PY: 1996

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: BACKGROUND: The adventitia undergoes remodeling changes after a deep medial coronary injury. Because this process is associated with the formation of adventitial myofibroblasts, which resemble medial smooth muscle (SM) cells, we have examined myofibroblast involvement in the development of neointima. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a porcine model, severe endoluminal coronary injury resulted in fibroblast proliferation and adventitial remodeling. Significant adventitial responses were associated with increased neointimal formation (P < .01). To examine the contribution of adventitial cells to the development of neointima, proliferating cells were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) at 12 and 24 hours after injury, and their subsequent localization was determined by immunohistochemistry (n = 24). At 2 to 3 days after severe injury, the adventitia contained numerous BrdU-labeled cells (37 +/- 4%), whereas the media demonstrated infrequent labeled cells (4 +/- 1%). Adventitial cells lacked alpha-SM actin and desmin, which distinguished them from medial SM cells. At 7 to 8 days, some labeled cells acquired characteristics of myofibroblasts expressing alpha-SM actin. They were found to translocate to the gap between dissected media and contributed to the formation of neointima (76 +/- 19%). At 18 to 35 days, labeled cells were abundant in the neointima (86 +/- 5%). They showed uniform immunostaining for alpha-SM actin but not for desmin, thereby differing from medial SM cells and blood-borne cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates translocation of adventitial fibroblasts to neointima, their phenotypic modulation to myofibroblasts, and distinct characteristics of myofibroblasts within neointima after severe endoluminal coronary injury. These findings suggest the significance of vascular fibroblasts in the process of arterial repair.

MESH: Balloon-Dilatation; Cell-Movement; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; Swine-; Wound-Healing

MESH: *Coronary-Vessels-injuries; *Fibroblasts-physiology; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-physiology; *Tunica-Intima-growth-and-development; *Wounds-and-Injuries-physiopathology

TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

CN: HL55410HLNHLBI

AN: 96438468

UD: 9702

SB: AIM

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 5 of 59

TI: [Functional electromyostimulation of the penile corpus cavernosum (FEMCC)]. Initial results of a new therapeutic option of erectile dysfunction]

TO: Funktionelle Elektromyostimulation des Corpus cavernosum penis (FEMCC). Erste Ergebnisse einer neuen therapeutischen Option bei erektiler Dysfunktion.

AU: Stief-CG; Weller-E; Noack-T; Djamilian-MH; Meschi-M; Truss-M; Jonas-U

AD: Urologische Klinik, Hannover.

SO: Urologe-A. 1996 Jul; 35(4): 321-5

ISSN: 0340-2592

PY: 1996

LA: GERMAN; NON-ENGLISH

CP: GERMANY

AB: Transcutaneous application of low-frequency electric current in the treatment of partially or temporarily denervated striated muscles is widely used to prevent or treat muscular atrophy. Due to the high regenerative capacity of smooth muscle cells, this approach should be beneficial in the treatment of diseases with smooth muscle degeneration due to partial denervation. Our study was done to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of transcutaneous application of low-frequency electric current to the corpus cavernosum penis in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. After a comprehensive work-up, 22 patients with chronic erectile dysfunction (21/22 vasoactive nonresponders) received daily (3-5 x 20 min) transcutaneous functional electromyostimulation of the corpus cavernosum smooth muscles (FEMCC; zero line symmetric impulses of trapezoid shape, two-channel device with alternating stimulations, f = 10-20 Hz for channel I and 20-35 Hz for channel II; t(i) = 100-2000 microseconds, approx. 12 mA, rise time 0.5 s, stimulation time 5 s per channel, interval between stimulations 0.5 s). Five of 22 patients (23%) regained full spontaneous erections and another three (14%) responded to vasoactive drugs after FEMCC. Fourteen were FEMCC failures, including two who subjectively 'improved'. In a similar group of patients evaluated during the same period but receiving no therapy, no spontaneous improvement of the erectile function was observed. Our preliminary results suggest that FEMCC is feasible and results in an improvement of the erectile capacity in a significant proportion (37%) of patients. Further studies will be carried out to corroborate our results, to improve stimulation parameters and to evaluate selection criteria for FEMCC.

MESH: Adult-; Electromyography-; English-Abstract; Follow-Up-Studies; Impotence-physiopathology; Impotence,-Vasculogenic-physiopathology; Middle-Age; Motor-Neurons-physiology; Muscle-Denervation; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-innervation; Treatment-Outcome

MESH: *Electric-Stimulation-Therapy-instrumentation; *Impotence-therapy; *Impotence,-Vasculogenic-therapy; *Muscle,-Smooth-innervation; *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; *Penile-Erection-physiology; *Penis-innervation

TG: Human; Male

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

AN: 96373082

UD: 9701

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 6 of 59

TI: Comparison of the effects of mechanical stimulation on venous and arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro.

AU: Dethlefsen-SM; Shepro-D; D'Amore-PA

AD: Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass. 02115, USA.

SO: J-Vasc-Res. 1996 Sep-Oct; 33(5): 405-13

ISSN: 1018-1172

PY: 1996

LA: ENGLISH

CP: SWITZERLAND

AB: The proliferation of intimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in large muscular arteries and veins often occurs after surgical interventions such as angioplasty and bypass grafting, and may lead to restenosis and graft failure. Clinical observations suggest that increased pulsatile deformation of veins grated into an arterial position may play a role in intimal hyperplasia. Since intimal hyperplasia occurs at the vein/arterial interface of the graft, SMC hyperplasia could be due to the proliferation of either aortic or venous SMCs. Therefore, we compared the effects of in vitro mechanical deformation on the proliferation of aortic SMCs with venous SMCs. Using the Flexercell apparatus (Flexercell Corp., McKeesport, Pa., USA), aortic SMCs, stretched at 3 and 60 cpm did not lead to a significant increase in growth as compared to the nonstretched controls. In contrast, stretch of venous SMCs at 3 and 60 cpm led to a significant increase in growth as compared to the nonstretched controls. These results suggest that the SMC proliferation, as occurs in vein interposition grafts in vivo, may be partially due to a stimulatory response by venous SMCs to increased mechanical stimulation.

MESH: Aorta-cytology; Cattle-; Cell-Division; Cells,-Cultured; Coronary-Artery-Bypass; Culture-Media,-Conditioned-pharmacology; Endothelium,-Vascular-cytology; Endothelium,-Vascular-secretion; Graft-Occlusion,-Vascular-pathology; Hyperplasia-etiology; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; Saphenous-Vein-cytology; Wound-Healing

MESH: *Arteries-cytology; *Graft-Occlusion,-Vascular-etiology; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-cytology; *Stress,-Mechanical; *Veins-cytology

TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Human; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

CN: CA45548CANCI; HL43875HLNHLBI

RN: 0

NM: Culture-Media,-Conditioned

AN: 97015465

UD: 9701

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 7 of 59

TI: A quick and simple method to close vascular, biliary, and urinary tract incisions using the new Vascular Closure Staples: a preliminary report.

AU: Leppaniemi-AK; Wherry-DC; Soltero-RG; Pikoulis-E; Hufnagel-HV; Fishback-N; Rich-NM

AD: Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA.

SO: Surg-Endosc. 1996 Jul; 10(7): 771-4

ISSN: 0930-2794

PY: 1996

LA: ENGLISH

CP: GERMANY

AB: Traditional suture reconstruction of tubular organs creates a perforating needle injury, leaves suture material on the endothelial or mucosal surfaces, and is cumbersome when done endoscopically. One alternative method of reconstruction of tubular organs could use the new nonpenetrating clip to create an everted closure. In five pigs, a longitudinal incision of the infrarenal aorta, inferior vena cava, left ureter, gallbladder, and the common bile duct (in two) was closed with Vascular Closure Staples (VCS-clips). Four weeks after surgery, all ten blood vessels remained patent with no thrombosis. There was a well-healed wound with continuous intimal layer. The ureteral, gallbladder, and common bile duct wounds healed without leakage or obstruction in all animals. There was complete mucosal bridging of the wound, although in some specimens one or two clips were exposed to the lumen. The VCS-clips are easily and quickly applied and are safe insofar as can be determined by short-term follow-up.

MESH: Common-Bile-Duct-pathology; Gallbladder-pathology; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; Swine-; Titanium-; Ureter-pathology; Wound-Healing-physiology

MESH: *Common-Bile-Duct-surgery; *Gallbladder-surgery; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-surgery; *Surgical-Staplers; *Suture-Techniques; *Ureter-surgery

TG: Animal

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 7440-32-6

NM: Titanium

AN: 96281611

UD: 9610

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 8 of 59

TI: Characterization of small intestinal submucosa regenerated canine detrusor: assessment of reinnervation, in vitro compliance and contractility.

AU: Kropp-BP; Sawyer-BD; Shannon-HE; Rippy-MK; Badylak-SF; Adams-MC; Keating-MA; Rink-RC; Thor-KB

AD: Department of Urology, Riley Children's Hospital, Indiana University School of Medicine, Lafayette, USA.

SO: J-Urol. 1996 Aug; 156(2 Pt 2): 599-607

ISSN: 0022-5347

PY: 1996

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: PURPOSE: We characterized small intestinal submucosa regenerated canine bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We subjected 15-month small intestinal submucosa regenerated canine bladder strips to in vitro muscle bath compliance, contractility testing and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Compliance studies demonstrated no significant difference between small intestinal submucosa regenerated and control bladders, which were 30-fold more compliant than native small intestinal submucosal graft material. Contractility studies demonstrated contractile responses and innervation similar to those of normal canine bladder. Afferent nerves were demonstrated through immunohistochemical techniques. CONCLUSIONS: These characteristics further support the regenerative capacity of small intestinal submucosa and its potential use as a bladder augmentation material.

MESH: Bladder-surgery; Dogs-; Muscle-Contraction-drug-effects; Muscle,-Smooth-drug-effects

MESH: *Bladder-innervation; *Bladder-physiology; *Intestinal-Mucosa-transplantation; *Intestine,-Small-transplantation; *Muscle-Contraction-physiology; *Muscle,-Smooth-physiology; *Regeneration-

TG: Animal; In-Vitro

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

AN: 96289399

UD: 9610

SB: AIM

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 9 of 59

TI: Regeneration of bladder urothelium, smooth muscle, blood vessels and nerves into an acellular tissue matrix.

AU: Sutherland-RS; Baskin-LS; Hayward-SW; Cunha-GR

AD: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, USA.

SO: J-Urol. 1996 Aug; 156(2 Pt 2): 571-7

ISSN: 0022-5347

PY: 1996

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: PURPOSE: To study the cellular events occurring during bladder development and regeneration we developed an in vivo model of bladder augmentation with an acellular tissue graft. We propose that the extracellular matrix orchestrates the regenerative capacity of host bladder cells (urothelium, smooth muscle, blood vessels and nerve cells) after bladder augmentation with acellular tissue matrix. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 adult rats underwent partial cystectomy and augmentation with a patch of extracellular matrix representing the full thickness of rat gastric or bladder tissue. Sections were examined histologically to assess urothelial, smooth muscle and neuronal invasion of the graft. RESULTS: A total of 32 rats was evaluated 1 day to 26 weeks after grafting. Epithelialization occurred by day 4, accompanied by granulocytic infiltration. Smooth muscle regenerated 2 weeks after grafting in juxtaposition to epithelial surfaces and it matured into normal sized bundles by 26 weeks. Neovascularity was noted 2 weeks postoperatively. Neural elements formed around developing smooth muscle bundles as early as 4 weeks after grafting. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the regeneration of urothelium, smooth muscle, blood vessels and nerves within a full thickness grafted acellular tissue matrix scaffold in the rat. The spatial orientation of these elements suggests that mesenchymal-epithelial interactions occur during phenotypic regeneration of the bladder. Urothelium appears to regulate the early forming smooth muscle. This in vivo model provides a suitable method to study cellular events during regeneration.

MESH: Bladder-anatomy-and-histology; Bladder-blood-supply; Bladder-innervation; Bladder-surgery; Epithelium-anatomy-and-histology; Epithelium-physiology; Muscle,-Smooth-anatomy-and-histology; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-F344; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Stomach-transplantation

MESH: *Bladder-physiology; *Muscle,-Smooth-physiology; *Regeneration-

TG: Animal; Female; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

CN: KO8DK0239701DKNIDDK

AN: 96289394

UD: 9610

SB: AIM

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 10 of 59

TI: Venous reconstruction using hybrid vascular tissue composed of vascular cells and collagen: tissue regeneration process.

AU: Hirai-J; Matsuda-T

AD: Department of Bioengineering, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.

SO: Cell-Transplant. 1996 Jan-Feb; 5(1): 93-105

ISSN: 0963-6897

PY: 1996

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: In this study, a tubular hybrid vascular tissue composed of vascular cells and collagen was implanted as a venous substitute, and its remodeling process was histologically investigated. First, a hybrid medial tissue was prepared by pouring a cold mixed solution of canine jugular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and Type I collagen into a tubular glass mold and subsequent incubation at 37 degrees C. Culture in medium for 10 days produced a dense tubular tissue. Seeding of jugular endothelial cells (ECs) onto the luminal surface of the tissue produced a hybrid vascular tissue with a hierarchical structure. These vascular tissues (inner diameter, 7 mm; length, 3 cm; wall thickness, 1 mm; n = 14) were implanted autologously in the canine posterior vena cava wrapped in Dacron mesh for up to 24 wk. Nine of 14 grafts were patent throughout implantation. In patent grafts, monolayered ECs were oriented in the direction of blood flow at 1 wk. Circumferentially oriented SMCs accumulated at the subendothelial layer and ingrown fibroblasts were sparsely distributed throughout the wall at 12 wk. Contractile phenotype of SMCs was evident at 24 wk. Collagen fibrils, which were sparsely distributed at an early period of implantation, gradually assembled to form fibrous meshes at 24 wk. Sheet-like elastic lamellae were also observed at this time. Marked wall thinning was observed at 12 and 24 wk. The resultant tissues became highly dense. The specific gravity of tissues increased with time, and reached those of natural vessels at 24 wk. Tissue remodeling progressed in a time-dependent manner and appeared to be almost complete within 6 mo of implantation.

MESH: Anastomosis,-Surgical; Basement-Membrane-ultrastructure; Dogs-; Endothelium,-Vascular-physiology; Endothelium,-Vascular-transplantation; Endothelium,-Vascular-ultrastructure; Jugular-Veins; Microscopy,-Electron,-Scanning; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-physiology; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-ultrastructure; Regeneration-; Time-Factors; Vascular-Surgery-instrumentation; Vascular-Surgery-methods

MESH: *Collagen-; *Graft-Survival; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-transplantation

TG: Animal; Comparative-Study

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 9007-34-5

NM: Collagen

AN: 96234411

UD: 9610

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 11 of 59

TI: The alpha1beta1 integrin is expressed during neointima formation in rat arteries and mediates collagen matrix reorganization.

AU: Gotwals-PJ; Chi-Rosso-G; Lindner-V; Yang-J; Ling-L; Fawell-SE; Koteliansky-VE

AD: Department of Surgery, Maine Medical Center/Maine Medical Center Research Institute, South Portland, Maine 04106, USA.

SO: J-Clin-Invest. 1996 Jun 1; 97(11): 2469-77

ISSN: 0021-9738

PY: 1996

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: Remodeling of the extracellular matrix by activated mesenchymal cells (myofibroblasts) is a critical aspect of wound repair in all adult organs. Collagen-dependent gel contraction, a process requiring integrin function, is an established in vitro assay thought to mimic in vivo matrix remodeling. Numerous data have implicated the alpha2beta1 integrin in various cell types as the primary collagen receptor responsible for collagen gel contraction. However, evidence from the literature suggests that the major collagen binding integrin expressed on mesenchymally derived cells in situ is the alpha1beta1 integrin, not the alpha2beta1 integrin. In this report, we use a rat vascular injury model to illustrate that the alpha1beta1 integrin is the major collagen receptor expressed on vascular smooth muscle cells after injury. Using two smooth muscle cell lines, expressing either the alpha1beta1 integrin alone or both the alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 integrins, along with Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the alpha1 integrin, we demonstrate that alpha1beta1 supports not only collagen-dependent adhesion and migration, but also gel contraction. These data suggest that in vivo the alpha1beta1 integrin is a critical collagen receptor on mesenchymally derived cells potentially involved in matrix remodeling after injury.

MESH: Antigens,-CD-biosynthesis; Aorta-injuries; Aorta-physiology; Carotid-Artery,-Common-injuries; Cell-Adhesion; Cell-Line; Cell-Movement; CHO-Cells; Extracellular-Matrix-physiology; Hamsters-; Immunohistochemistry-; In-Situ-Hybridization; Pulmonary-Artery-physiology; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Transfection-

MESH: *Carotid-Artery,-Common-physiology; *Collagen-metabolism; *Integrins-biosynthesis; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-physiology; *Tunica-Intima-physiology; *Wound-Healing

TG: Animal; Human; Male

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 0; 0; 0; 0; 9007-34-5

NM: integrin-alpha1; integrin-alpha1beta1; Antigens,-CD; Integrins; Collagen

AN: 96249417

UD: 9609

SB: AIM

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 12 of 59

TI: Regenerative urinary bladder augmentation using small intestinal submucosa: urodynamic and histopathologic assessment in long-term canine bladder augmentations.

AU: Kropp-BP; Rippy-MK; Badylak-SF; Adams-MC; Keating-MA; Rink-RC; Thor-KB

AD: Department of Urology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, USA.

SO: J-Urol. 1996 Jun; 155(6): 2098-104

ISSN: 0022-5347

PY: 1996

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: PURPOSE: To evaluate small intestinal submucosa (SIS) as a possible bladder augmentation material. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen male dogs underwent 35 to 45% partial cystectomy with immediate augmentation with SIS grafts. All dogs were evaluated pre- and postoperatively with blood chemistries, urine cultures, intravenous urograms, cystograms and cystometrograms. Postoperatively (1 to 15 months), bladders were examined with routine histology and image analysis. RESULTS: All dogs survived their intended survival period without morbidity. All results were normal. Histologically, all 3 layers (mucosa, smooth muscle, serosa) of the normal bladder showed evidence of regeneration. CONCLUSIONS: Small intestinal submucosa acts as a scaffold for bladder augmentation through regeneration and could be a potential option for bladder reconstruction.

MESH: Bladder-ultrastructure; Cystectomy-; Dogs-; Image-Processing,-Computer-Assisted; Jejunum-transplantation; Muscle,-Smooth-ultrastructure; Regeneration-; Time-Factors; Urodynamics-

MESH: *Bladder-physiology; *Bladder-surgery; *Intestinal-Mucosa-transplantation; *Muscle,-Smooth-physiology; *Muscle,-Smooth-surgery

TG: Animal; Male

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

AN: 96212541

UD: 9608

SB: AIM

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 13 of 59

TI: Healing of polytetrafluoroethylene vascular grafts analyzed by anti-smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms.

AU: Okahara-K; Kambayashi-J; Shibuya-T; Sakon-M; Kawasaki-T; Monden-M

AD: Department of Surgery II, Osaka University, Japan.

SO: Pathobiology. 1995; 63(3): 160-7

ISSN: 1015-2008

PY: 1995

LA: ENGLISH

CP: SWITZERLAND

AB: The purpose of this study was to characterize the cellular contributions to the formation of the pseudointima (PI) using immuno-histochemistry with antibodies to specific smooth muscle myosin isoforms, SM1, SM2, SMemb, and to alpha-smooth muscle actin. The outer wall of polytetrafluoroethylene tube grafts were coated with a 10-microns silicon film except for 5 mm of the midportion and the grafts were implanted into the inferior vena cava of rabbits. The PI in the anastomotic area was mainly formed by dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of medial smooth muscle cells of the host vessel, while PI in the midgraft was formed by differentiation of myofibroblasts into smooth muscle cells in the internodal space.

MESH: Immunohistochemistry-; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-blood-supply; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-chemistry; Myosin-Heavy-Chains-classification; Rabbits-; Wound-Healing-immunology

MESH: *Antibodies,-Monoclonal-chemistry; *Blood-Vessel-Prosthesis; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-immunology; *Myosin-Heavy-Chains-immunology; *Polytetrafluoroethylene-; *Wound-Healing

TG: Animal; Male

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 0; 0; 9002-84-0

NM: Antibodies,-Monoclonal; Myosin-Heavy-Chains; Polytetrafluoroethylene

AN: 96418847

UD: 9701

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 14 of 59

TI: Phenotypic reversion of smooth muscle cells in hybrid vascular prostheses.

AU: Kanda-K; Miwa-H; Matsuda-T

AD: Department of Bioengineering, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.

SO: Cell-Transplant. 1995 Nov-Dec; 4(6): 587-95

ISSN: 0963-6897

PY: 1995

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: Our purpose was to evaluate whether or not and when phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in hybrid vascular prostheses preincorporated with SMCs occurs upon implantation. Two types of hybrid vascular grafts incorporated with vascular cells derived from canine jugular veins were prepared: grafts containing a collagen gel layer covered with an endothelial monolayer at the luminal surface (Model I graft) and those containing an endothelial monolayer and SMC multilayer (Model II graft). They were bilaterally implanted into carotid arteries of the same dogs from which the cells had been harvested for 2 wk (n = 3) and 12 wk (n = 3). The time-dependent changes in populations of three SMC phenotypes (synthetic, intermediate, and contractile) in the neoarterial layers were quantified by morphometric evaluation using a transmission electron microscope in hybrid vascular grafts. Before implantation, all the SMCs were of the synthetic phenotype. In Model II grafts at 2 wk, synthetic and intermediate SMCs were dominant especially in the luminal layer. On the other hand, neoarterial layers at 12 wk were dominated by contractile SMCs, which were evenly distributed throughout the entire neoarterial tissues. A markedly delayed phenotypic reversion was noted for the Model I grafts at 12 wk. In the hybrid grafts, during about 3 mo of implantation, neoarterial SMCs transformed from the synthetic to the contractile phenotypes, which was promoted by SMC incorporation.

MESH: Arteries-physiology; Arteries-ultrastructure; Cell-Transplantation; Cells,-Cultured-cytology; Cells,-Cultured-physiology; Cells,-Cultured-ultrastructure; Dogs-; Endothelium,-Vascular-cytology; Endothelium,-Vascular-physiology; Jugular-Veins-cytology; Microscopy,-Electron; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-physiology; Phenotype-; Regeneration-physiology

MESH: *Blood-Vessel-Prosthesis; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-cytology

TG: Animal

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

AN: 96350811

UD: 9612

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 15 of 59

TI: Low molecular weight chitosan stimulation of mitogenic response to platelet-derived growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells.

AU: Inui-H; Tsujikubo-M; Hirano-S

AD: Department of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, Japan.

SO: Biosci-Biotechnol-Biochem. 1995 Nov; 59(11): 2111-4

ISSN: 0916-8451

PY: 1995

LA: ENGLISH

CP: JAPAN

AB: Low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) (a mixture of chitooligosaccharides with high degrees of polymerization; an average degree of polymerization is 6.8) stimulated mitogenic response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in a dose-dependent manner in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells, and a maximum effect was observed at 100 micrograms/ml. However, the mitogenic response was not induced when cells were incubated with LMWC alone. This stimulatory effect of LMWC on the mitogenic response to PDGF (a competence factor) appeared to resemble the effect of insulin as a progression factor. Chitooligosaccharides with higher degrees of polymerization were more effective, but D-glucosamine, chitobiose, and chitotriose were barely active. LMWC as well as PDGF induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle cells.

MESH: Cell-Division-drug-effects; Cells,-Cultured; Chitin-chemistry; Chitin-pharmacology; Molecular-Weight; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-cytology; Rats-; Wound-Healing-drug-effects

MESH: *Chitin-analogs-and-derivatives; *Mitogens-pharmacology; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-drug-effects; *Platelet-Derived-Growth-Factor-pharmacology

TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 0; 0; 1398-61-4; 9012-76-4

NM: Mitogens; Platelet-Derived-Growth-Factor; Chitin; poliglusam

AN: 96100941

UD: 9604

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 16 of 59

TI: [Arterial wall texture after uncomplicated endarterectomy]

TO: Arterienwandtextur nach komplikationsloser Endarterektomie.

AU: Burrig-KF; Schrix-T

AD: Institut fur Pathologie, Stadtisches Krankenhaus, Hildesheim.

SO: Pathologe. 1995 Sep; 16(5): 336-41

ISSN: 0172-8113

PY: 1995

LA: GERMAN; NON-ENGLISH

CP: GERMANY

AB: Recanalisation of the carotid sinus is one of the most frequently performed vascular interventions; endarterectomy of the coronary arteries is an auxiliary measure accompanying aortocoronary bypass. Enucleation of the sclerotic plaque is followed by reconstruction of the intima and by rapid smoothing over of the "steps" along the side of the recanalised segment by proliferation of smooth muscle cells from the remaining media. The thinner the residual media, the thicker grows the neointima. Occasionally elastic lamellae reminiscent of a lamina elastica interna are formed close to the lumen. Moreover, in some cases renewed formation of the characteristic intimal spur (fibrotic ridge) is seen at the carotid sinus inlet, a sign of continued irregularity of blood flow postoperatively. In contrast, no focal lesions are generally observed in recanalised segments in the coronary arteries. New sclerotic pads that occur in the late phase bear a morphological resemblance to those in operated restenoses. The distribution of these pads is largely congruent with that of the sclerotic plaques in non-operated cervical arteries. Thus, even when recanalisation of the carotid sinus is uncomplicated, reparative processes are followed by the reformation of sclerotic pads, largely determined by haemodynamic factors. In the coronary arteries, concentric rather than focal sclerotic lesions predominate.

MESH: Arteriosclerosis-pathology; Carotid-Arteries-pathology; Coronary-Vessels-pathology; Elastic-Tissue-pathology; Endarterectomy,-Carotid; English-Abstract; Wound-Healing

MESH: *Arteriosclerosis-surgery; *Endarterectomy-; *Endothelium,-Vascular-pathology; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology

TG: Human

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL

AN: 96004090

UD: 9602

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 17 of 59

TI: Tyrosine hydroxylase-containing fibres extend from the rat corpus striatum into grafts of muscularis externa and myenteric plexus.

AU: Tew-EM; Fearon-A; Anderson-PN; Burnstock-G

AD: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK.

SO: Neurosci-Lett. 1995 Jul 14; 194(1-2): 33-6

ISSN: 0304-3940

PY: 1995

LA: ENGLISH

CP: IRELAND

AB: Intrastriatal grafts of myenteric plexus produce a vigorous sprouting response in the surrounding rat brain. Since the striatum receives profuse dopaminergic innervation from the substantia nigra, we have investigated whether central catecholaminergic neurons participated in the sprouting response and grew into grafts of adult myenteric plexus (surrounded by smooth muscle) implanted in the adult corpus striatum. Three weeks after implantation, tyrosine hydroxylase-containing fibres were observed to have grown into, and ramified within, the grafts. The extent of innervation was increased 6 weeks after implantation, and was not diminished if the superior cervical ganglia were removed (to destroy any fibres of sympathetic origin).

MESH: Age-Factors; Corpus-Striatum-physiology; Enteric-Nervous-System-enzymology; Enteric-Nervous-System-physiology; Immunohistochemistry-; Muscle,-Smooth-enzymology; Myenteric-Plexus-enzymology; Myenteric-Plexus-physiology; Nerve-Regeneration; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-F344

MESH: *Corpus-Striatum-enzymology; *Muscle,-Smooth-transplantation; *Tyrosine-3-Monooxygenase-metabolism

TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: EC 1.14.16.2

NM: Tyrosine-3-Monooxygenase

AN: 96061359

UD: 9602

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 18 of 59

TI: A hybrid vascular model biomimicking the hierarchic structure of arterial wall: neointimal stability and neoarterial regeneration process under arterial circulation.

AU: Matsuda-T; Miwa-H

AD: Department of Bioengineering, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan.

SO: J-Thorac-Cardiovasc-Surg. 1995 Oct; 110(4 Pt 1): 988-97

ISSN: 0022-5223

PY: 1995

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: A layered-structure hybrid vascular graft, mimicking the hierarchic structure of the intima and media of a natural artery, is expected to exhibit antithrombogenicity and to accelerate neoarterial tissue formation. Two models of hybrid vascular grafts were prepared on knitted Dacron fabric grafts (inner diameter 4 mm, length 6 cm). Model I grafts consisted of an endothelial cell monolayer formed on collagenous matrix, and model II grafts consisted of an endothelial cell monolayer that formed on hybrid collagenous medial tissue in which smooth muscle cells were incorporated. Both models (n = 17 for each model) were implanted bilaterally in carotid arteries and left in place for up to 26 weeks. Although all of the implanted grafts were patent, the two models significantly differed in the degree of maturity of the regenerated neoarterial wall especially at earlier implantation periods. At 2 weeks, model II grafts showed a much higher degree of neointimal integrity than model I grafts: a smooth and organized neointimal layer was formed, which was free from leukocyte adhesion. On further increase of implantation time, the formation of neomedia (subendothelial smooth muscle cell layers) and circumferential orientation of both smooth muscle cells and collagenous extracellular matrix were much more advanced in model II grafts than in model I grafts. At 26 weeks after implantation, layered elastic laminae regenerated along circumferentially oriented smooth muscle cells in neomedia were observed only in model II grafts. Irrespective of model, little excessive smooth muscle cell proliferation occurred. A hierarchically structured hybrid graft eventually provided a more integrated neointimal layer and accelerated neoarterial tissue formation much more than model I grafts. The significance of the incorporation of smooth muscle cells into hybrid grafts is discussed.

MESH: Carotid-Arteries-surgery; Carotid-Arteries-ultrastructure; Dogs-; Microscopy,-Electron,-Scanning

MESH: *Blood-Vessel-Prosthesis; *Endothelium,-Vascular-cytology; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-cytology; *Regeneration-; *Tunica-Intima-cytology

TG: Animal; In-Vitro

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

AN: 96042222

UD: 9602

SB: AIM

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 19 of 59

TI: Factors influencing myofibroblast differentiation during wound healing and fibrosis.

AU: Desmouliere-A

AD: CNRS-URS 1459, Institut Pasteur de Lyon, France.

SO: Cell-Biol-Int. 1995 May; 19(5): 471-6

ISSN: 1065-6995

PY: 1995

LA: ENGLISH

CP: ENGLAND

AB: Granulation tissue fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) develop several ultrastructural and biochemical features of smooth muscle (SM) cells, including the presence of microfilaments bundles and the expression of alpha-SM actin, the actin isoform typical of contractile vascular SM cells. Myofibroblasts have been suggested to play a role in wound contraction and in retractile phenomena observed during fibrotic diseases. When granulation tissue evolves into a scar, myofibroblasts containing alpha-SM actin disappear, probably as a result of apoptosis. In contrast myofibroblasts expressing alpha-Sm actin persist in excessive scarring and in fibrotic conditions. The mechanisms leading to the development of myofibroblastic features remain to be investigated. Studies on the factors regulating the phenotype of myofibroblasts will be necessary for understanding their behavior in vivo, and possibly modifying this behavior during the different clinical settings.

MESH: Cytokines-pharmacology; Cytoskeleton-physiology; Cytoskeleton-ultrastructure; Extracellular-Matrix-drug-effects; Extracellular-Matrix-physiology; Fibroblasts-drug-effects; Fibroblasts-pathology; Fibroblasts-physiology; Fibrosis-; Growth-Substances-pharmacology

MESH: *Cytokines-physiology; *Growth-Substances-physiology; *Muscle,-Smooth-cytology; *Muscle,-Smooth-pathology; *Wound-Healing

TG: Animal; Human

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL

RN: 0; 0

NM: Cytokines; Growth-Substances

AN: 95368015

UD: 9511

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 20 of 59

TI: Graft smooth muscle cells specifically synthesize increased collagen.

AU: Mesh-CL; Majors-A; Mistele-D; Graham-LM; Ehrhart-LA

AD: Division of Vascular Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.

SO: J-Vasc-Surg. 1995 Aug; 22(2): 142-9

ISSN: 0741-5214

PY: 1995

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: PURPOSE: Anastomotic intimal hyperplasia is characterized by smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, but its final form is predominantly extracellular matrix. The purpose of this study was to compare collagen synthesis from graft SMC to that from adjacent native arterial SMC. METHODS: Thoracoabdominal bypass grafts were excised 20 weeks after implantation into canine models. SMC harvested from six anastomotic graft segments and adjacent native aorta were passaged twice, grown to near-confluence, and then assayed for collagen synthesis and total protein synthesis. In four of these sites type I alpha-1 procollagen mRNA levels were measured and normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. To control for increases in collagen synthesis associated with proliferation, SMC were plated at equal densities and tritium-thymidine incorporation and DNA concentration were determined. Data (mean +/- SE) were analyzed with two-factor ANOVA for repeated measures and paired Student t test and were considered significant if p < 0.05. RESULTS: There was no difference in thymidine incorporation and total protein synthesis between groups, but collagen synthesis (graft: 52.9 +/- 1.6 disintegrations per minute/ng DNA versus native: 42.6 +/- 1.9 dpm/ng DNA; p = 0.03) and collagen synthesis as a percentage of total protein synthesis (graft: 7.16% +/- 0.11% versus native: 5.8% +/- 0.14%; p = 0.001) increased significantly in graft SMC as compared to native SMC. Type I alpha-1 procollagen mRNA levels were higher in graft SMC, but this difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Graft SMC specifically produce more collagen than SMC from adjacent native artery. This change does not simply reflect increases in either total protein synthesis or proliferation and may, in part, be due to increased collagen gene expression.

MESH: Analysis-of-Variance; Anastomosis,-Surgical; Arteries-metabolism; Arteries-transplantation; Blotting,-Northern; Cells,-Cultured; Collagen-analysis; Dogs-; DNA-analysis; Muscle-Proteins-analysis; Muscle-Proteins-biosynthesis; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-transplantation; RNA,-Messenger-analysis; RNA,-Messenger-metabolism; Wound-Healing-physiology

MESH: *Collagen-biosynthesis; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-metabolism

TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Female; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S.

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 0; 0; 9007-34-5; 9007-49-2

NM: Muscle-Proteins; RNA,-Messenger; Collagen; DNA

AN: 95364110

UD: 9511

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 21 of 59

TI: Osteopontin expression in cardiovascular diseases.

AU: Giachelli-CM; Liaw-L; Murry-CE; Schwartz-SM; Almeida-M

AD: Department of Pathology SJ-60, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, USA.

SO: Ann-N-Y-Acad-Sci. 1995 Apr 21; 760: 109-26

ISSN: 0077-8923

PY: 1995

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: Adhesive interactions are recognized requirements for cellular proliferation, migration and differentiation during normal morphogenesis as well as disease. By differential cloning, osteopontin was identified as an adhesive protein upregulated during vascular remodeling and neointima formation in both rat models and human vascular diseases including atherosclerosis and restenosis. In functional studies, purified osteopontin promoted adhesion, focal contact formation, and migration of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Utilizing neutralizing antibodies, three integrin-type receptors, alpha v beta 3, alpha v beta 1, and alpha v beta 5 were found to support cellular adhesion to osteopontin. In contrast, only cells containing the alpha v beta 3 integrin could migrate towards an osteopontin gradient, demonstrating for the first time that different functions of osteopontin are mediated via distinct receptors. These results suggest a model whereby osteopontin, via its integrin-type receptors, contributes to vascular remodeling during development and disease by facilitating smooth muscle migration and simultaneously promoting endothelial coverage of the affected area.

MESH: Angiotensin-II-pharmacology; Arteries-injuries; Cell-Adhesion; Fibrosis-physiopathology; Gene-Expression; Inflammation-physiopathology; Integrins-physiology; Kidney-metabolism; Macrophages-metabolism; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; Rats-; RNA,-Messenger-genetics; Time-Factors; Wound-Healing

MESH: *Cardiovascular-Diseases-physiopathology; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-metabolism; *Receptors,-Cytoadhesin-physiology; *Sialoglycoproteins-physiology

TG: Animal; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

CN: HL03174HLNHLBI; HL07312HLNHLBI; HL47151HLNHLBI

RN: 0; 0; 0; 0; 106441-73-0; 11128-99-7

NM: Integrins; Receptors,-Cytoadhesin; RNA,-Messenger; Sialoglycoproteins; osteopontin; Angiotensin-II

AN: 95305432

UD: 9509

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 22 of 59

TI: Chemical-induced vasculature injury. Summary of the symposium presented at the 32nd annual meeting of the Society of Toxicology, New Orleans, Louisiana, March 1993.

AU: Boor-PJ; Gotlieb-AI; Joseph-EC; Kerns-WD; Roth-RA; Tomaszewski-KE

AD: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0605, USA.

SO: Toxicol-Appl-Pharmacol. 1995 Jun; 132(2): 177-95

ISSN: 0041-008X

PY: 1995

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: The cross-sectional structure of the vasculature is comparatively simple, comprising three layers--the intima, adjacent to the lumen, the media, and the adventitia. Notwithstanding this simplicity, the vessels are host to a variety of reactions to injury. Two cell types, endothelial cells of the intima and smooth muscle cells of the media, are principal targets of damage and repair. The endothelial cells of the intimal layer of the vessel wall present a macromolecular barrier and are important in maintaining vessel integrity. When the integrity is compromised by physical or chemical injury, endothelial cells play a key role in the repair processes. The use of single-cell wound models allows the mechanisms of damage and subsequent repair to be studied in depth. Repair processes can be observed using time-lapse photography and differences between cytoskeleton changes during repair and reendothelialization of small and large wounds can be discriminated. In rats treated with the plant toxin monocrotaline, pulmonary vascular injury occurs which manifests as thrombosis and remodeling with consequent progressive pulmonary hypertension. In vivo and in vitro studies of the mechanism of monocrotaline toxicity suggest that the endothelial cells are an important target. In vitro studies show monocrotaline to be directly cytotoxic; in cells that survive, there are functional changes to the endothelial cells, resulting in a decreased repair capability which may lead to the complex, progressive lung lesions that develop. The other target cells of the vasculature are the smooth muscle cells of the media. Ingestion of primary amines allylamine and beta-aminopropionitrile (beta-APN) results in chronic vasculotoxicity to the aorta and medium-sized arteries. For allylamine, subtle changes in smooth muscle result in medial hypertrophy and subintimal proliferation. The changes are slow to occur, taking weeks or months of repeated treatment. For beta-APN, which is the active ingredient of the toxic sweet pea Lathyrus odoratous, vascular toxicity is manifested by fatal rupture of aortic aneurysms. When these agents are administered concomitantly, a synergistic acute smooth muscle necrosis occurs in large elastic arteries and degenerative changes are seen in muscular arteries. A change in the target for toxicity of allylamine toward the vasculature may be responsible for this synergistic toxic insult. Medial smooth muscle necrosis is also noteworthy after administration of certain pharmaceutical agents of diverse structure and pharmacological activity. These agents induce arteriopathies in dogs and rats, although at different sites. In dogs, the coronary arteries are susceptible, whereas in rats the mesenteric arteries are the principal sites of injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

MESH: Amines-toxicity; Cells,-Cultured; Coronary-Vessels-injuries; Endothelium,-Vascular-anatomy-and-histology; Endothelium,-Vascular-physiology; Lung-blood-supply; Monocrotaline-toxicity; Regeneration-physiology

MESH: *Endothelium,-Vascular-injuries; *Lung-drug-effects; *Monocrotaline-analogs-and-derivatives; *Tunica-Media-injuries; *Wounds-and-Injuries-chemically-induced

TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.

PT: MEETING-REPORT

CN: ES02581ESNIEHS; HL26189HLNHLBI

RN: 0; 23291-96-5; 315-22-0

NM: Amines; monocrotaline-pyrrole; Monocrotaline

AN: 95304540

UD: 9509

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 23 of 59

TI: Smooth muscle cell de-differentiation is a fundamental change preceding wound healing after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in humans.

AU: Ueda-M; Becker-AE; Naruko-T; Kojima-A

AD: Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan.

SO: Coron-Artery-Dis. 1995 Jan; 6(1): 71-81

ISSN: 0954-6928

PY: 1995

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: BACKGROUND: Wound healing at the site of medial injury after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is dominated by smooth muscle cells. This reaction may also cause restenosis. Division and migration of smooth muscle cells relate closely to their cytoskeletal features, as shown experimentally, but in humans little information is available regarding smooth muscle cell activity in post-angioplasty coronary arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is based on eight dilated coronary arteries obtained at autopsy from six patients who died within 4 months of an initially successful PTCA. In each patient, a single PTCA had been performed and the target site was identified, sectioned serially, and studied with conventional and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS: All target sites showed laceration extending into the media. Two days after PTCA the site of injury was covered by a fibrin-platelet thrombus. The smooth muscle cells of the pre-existent media, immediately adjacent to the site of injury, showed loss of staining for both muscle actin and smooth muscle cell actin, using the antibodies HHF-35 (an anti-muscle actin marker) and CGA-7 (an anti-smooth muscle cell actin marker), respectively. Five days after PTCA, this area had expanded; a distinct influx of macrophages was apparent. From 12 days onwards, the staining density with HHF-35 in the pre-existent media increased and was almost restored to normal at 20 days, but staining with CGA-7 was retarded until approximately 4 months after PTCA. In the repair tissue, spindle-shaped cells were first seen 5 days after PTCA. These cells stained positive with vimentin but did not stain with either actin marker. Macrophages were present at this stage. At 12 days after PTCA, some spindle-shaped cells stained positive with HHF-35, but all were negative with CGA-7. At 16 days, the staining density with HHF-35 had increased, but CGA-7 was still negative. At 20 days, the maximal staining density with HHF-35 was obtained. The vast majority of spindle-shaped cells also stained positive with CGA-7 4 months after PTCA. Endothelial cells on the luminal surface were first identified 4 months after PTCA. CONCLUSION: The observations provide support that cytoskeletal changes observed experimentally also play a role in human coronary arteries after PTCA. De-differentiation of smooth muscle cells of the pre-existent media, preceding a noticeable cellular response, appears to be a fundamental process.

MESH: Aged-; Aged,-80-and-over; Coronary-Vessels-pathology; Coronary-Vessels-physiology; Cytoskeleton-pathology; Cytoskeleton-physiology; Immunohistochemistry-; Middle-Age; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-physiology; Wound-Healing-physiology

MESH: *Angioplasty,-Transluminal,-Percutaneous-Coronary; *Coronary-Vessels-injuries; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-injuries

TG: Female; Human; Male

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

AN: 95285013

UD: 9509

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 24 of 59

TI: Expression of alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-SM) actin during corneal stromal wound healing.

AU: Jester-JV; Petroll-WM; Barry-PA; Cavanagh-HD

AD: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 75235-9057, USA.

SO: Invest-Ophthalmol-Vis-Sci. 1995 Apr; 36(5): 809-19

ISSN: 0146-0404

PY: 1995

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to correlate the temporal expression of alpha-smooth muscle specific actin (alpha-SM actin), a molecular marker for myofibroblast transformation, with corneal wound contraction. METHODS. After full-thickness, central corneal injury in rabbit eyes, the anterior width of the wound (wound gape) was measured in the same animals using in vivo confocal microscopy. In addition, animals were sacrificed at various times after injury for the determination of alpha-SM actin expression by immunofluorescent microscopy using a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for human alpha-actin. Antibody specificity was confirmed by Western blot analysis of normal and wound fibroblasts. Expression of alpha-SM actin also was related spatially to f-actin and the wound margin by co-localization with phalloidin and DTAF (5([4,6-dichlorotriazin-2yl]amino)fluorescein), a fluorescent marker bound to the wound margin. RESULTS. Wound contraction was most evident from days 7 to 42, when wound gape progressively decreased from 574 +/- 120 microns to 250 +/- 61 microns. Thereafter, the wound remained stable to day 84 (304 +/- 58 microns). Expression of alpha-SM actin directly correlated with wound contraction--appearing across the wound at day 7, the full thickness of the wound at day 14, and the posterior wound at day 28. alpha-SM actin was localized exclusively to phalloidin-stained, f-actin microfilament bundles or stress fibers within wound healing fibroblasts, and the disappearance of alpha-SM actin correlated with the concomitant disappearance of stress fibers at days 28 to 42. Staining of the wound margin with DTAF confirmed that the expression of alpha-SM actin was limited to fibroblasts within the wound. CONCLUSIONS. The expression of alpha-SM actin was directly correlated to corneal wound contraction, appearing at the initiation of and disappearing at the completion of the contraction process. Furthermore, the exclusive expression of alpha-SM actin by fibroblasts present only within the wound suggests that local environmental factors unique to the wound may play an important role in myofibroblast transformation.

MESH: Antibodies,-Monoclonal; Cornea-injuries; Corneal-Stroma-pathology; Electrophoresis,-Polyacrylamide-Gel; Eye-Injuries-metabolism; Eye-Injuries-pathology; Fibroblasts-metabolism; Fibroblasts-ultrastructure; Fluoresceins-; Fluorescent-Antibody-Technique; Microscopy,-Confocal; Phalloidine-; Rabbits-

MESH: *Actins-biosynthesis; *Corneal-Stroma-metabolism; *Muscle,-Smooth-metabolism; *Wound-Healing-physiology

TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

CN: EY07348EYNEI

RN: 0; 0; 0; 17466-45-4; 51306-35-5

NM: Actins; Antibodies,-Monoclonal; Fluoresceins; Phalloidine; 5-((4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)fluorescein

AN: 95221131

UD: 9507

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 25 of 59

TI: Reduced smooth muscle cell regeneration in Yoshida (YOS) spontaneously hypercholesterolemic rats.

AU: Kolpakov-V; Di-Sciullo-A; Nasuti-M; Di-Nardo-P; Mironov-A; Poggi-A

AD: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy.

SO: Atherosclerosis. 1994 Dec; 111(2): 227-36

ISSN: 0021-9150

PY: 1994

LA: ENGLISH

CP: IRELAND

AB: Hypercholesterolemia is a predisposing factor for atherosclerosis. We studied the response to damage of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) from normocholesterolemic Brown Norway (BN) and from spontaneously hyper-cholesterolemic Yoshida (YOS) rats (16-24 month old). The regrowth rate of SMC from BN and YOS rats after freeze-induced damage was similar in the presence of fetal calf serum and of serum derived from normocholesterolemic rats, while it was reduced in the presence of serum from hypercholesterolemic rats. Freeze-injury of the abdominal aorta was followed by reduced neointima formation in YOS rats, as compared to BN rats, confirming the impaired response of vascular cells from hypercholesterolemic rats to injury. This defect may be due either to lipids or to unknown factors present in the hyperlypidemic serum.

MESH: Aorta,-Abdominal-pathology; Aorta,-Abdominal-physiology; Aorta,-Abdominal-ultrastructure; Cell-Count; Cell-Division; Cholesterol-physiology; Hypercholesterolemia-pathology; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-ultrastructure; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-BN; Rats,-Inbred-Strains

MESH: *Cholesterol-blood; *Hypercholesterolemia-physiopathology; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-physiology; *Regeneration-

TG: Animal; In-Vitro; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 57-88-5

NM: Cholesterol

AN: 95234090

UD: 9507

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 26 of 59

TI: The alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells in healing human myocardial scars.

AU: Willems-IE; Havenith-MG; De-Mey-JG; Daemen-MJ

AD: Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, The Netherlands.

SO: Am-J-Pathol. 1994 Oct; 145(4): 868-75

ISSN: 0002-9440

PY: 1994

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: Interstitial cells in the scars of human myocardial infarctions of different postinfarction times (6 hours to 17 years old) were characterized by antibodies to alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA), vimentin, and desmin. Basal lamina deposition was studied with antibodies to the basal lamina protein type IV collagen. Nonvascular spindle-shaped cells expressing ASMA were present within 4 to 6 days after infarction. These cells co-expressed vimentin but no desmin and showed discontinuous basal lamina deposition. In electron microscopy these cells showed features characteristic of myofibroblasts. The spindle-shaped cells persisted for a long period of time and could even be identified 17 years postinfarction. In transmural infarctions they were orientated parallel to the endocardium and epicardium. In nontransmural patchy infarctions they showed an orientation adjacent to the cardiomyocytes and appeared to be less dense than in the transmural infarctions. In conclusion, myofibroblasts expressing ASMA persist within human myocardial scars and show a preferential alignment that may be the result of the continuous mechanical stress caused by the ongoing contraction and relaxation of the surrounding viable myocardium.

MESH: Cicatrix-pathology; Muscle,-Smooth-pathology; Myocardial-Infarction-metabolism; Myocardial-Infarction-mortality; Myocardial-Infarction-pathology; Myocardium-pathology; Reference-Values; Survival-Analysis; Time-Factors

MESH: *Actins-metabolism; *Cicatrix-metabolism; *Muscle,-Smooth-metabolism; *Myocardium-metabolism; *Wound-Healing

TG: Human; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 0

NM: Actins

AN: 95029717

UD: 9501

SB: AIM

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 27 of 59

TI: Heterogeneity of myofibroblast phenotypic features: an example of fibroblastic cell plasticity.

AU: Schmitt-Graff-A; Desmouliere-A; Gabbiani-G

AD: Department of Pathology, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland.

SO: Virchows-Arch. 1994; 425(1): 3-24

ISSN: 0945-6317

PY: 1994

LA: ENGLISH

CP: GERMANY

AB: Granulation tissue fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) develop several ultrastructural and biochemical features of smooth muscle (SM) cells, including the presence of microfilament bundles and the expression of alpha-SM actin, the actin isoform present in SM cells and myoepithelial cells and particularly abundant in vascular SM cells. Myofibroblasts have been suggested to play a role in wound contraction and in retractile phenomena observed during fibrotic diseases. When contraction stops and the wound is fully epithelialized, myofibroblasts containing alpha-SM actin disappear, probably as a result of apoptosis, and the scar classically becomes less cellular and composed of typical fibroblasts with well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum but with no more microfilaments. In contrast, alpha-SM actin expressing myofibroblasts persist in hypertrophic scars and in fibrotic lesions of many organs, including stroma reaction to epithelial tumours, where they are allegedly involved in retractile phenomena as well as in extracellular matrix accumulation. The mechanisms leading to the development of myofibroblastic features remain to be investigated. In vivo and in vitro investigations have shown that gamma-interferon exerts an antifibrotic activity at least in part by decreasing alpha-SM actin expression whereas heparin increases the proportion of alpha-SM actin positive cells. Recently, we have observed that the subcutaneous administration of transforming growth factor-beta 1 to rats results in the formation of a granulation tissue in which alpha-SM actin expressing myofibroblasts are particularly abundant. Other cytokines and growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, despite their profibrotic activity, do not induce alpha-SM actin in myofibroblasts. In conclusion, fibroblastic cells are relatively undifferentiated and can assume a particular phenotype according to the physiological needs and/or the microenvironmental stimuli. Further studies on fibroblast adaptation phenomena appear to be useful for the understanding of the mechanisms of development and regression of pathological processes such as wound healing and fibrocontractive diseases.

MESH: Cell-Line; Cicatrix-pathology; Fibroblasts-pathology; Fibroblasts-ultrastructure; Microscopy,-Electron; Muscle,-Smooth-cytology; Muscle,-Smooth-pathology; Neoplasms-pathology; Phenotype-; Reference-Values; Wound-Healing-physiology

MESH: *Fibroblasts-physiology; *Muscle,-Smooth-physiology

TG: Animal; Human; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL

AN: 95005621

UD: 9501

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 28 of 59

TI: Autonomic and sensory reinnervation of smooth muscle transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye: effect of target postnatal age.

AU: Hiebert-J; Smith-PG

AD: Department of Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7401.

SO: Exp-Neurol. 1994 May; 127(1): 137-44

ISSN: 0014-4886

PY: 1994

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: The ability of the nervous system to provide target innervation is greatest in early development, but decreases as a function of age. The objective of the present study was to determine if age-related changes occurring within the target tissue contribute to this decline. Periorbital tarsal smooth muscle from donor rats 6, 14, 30, and 48 days postnatal were transplanted to the anterior chamber of the eye of 84- to 90-day-old host rats. The tissue was removed at 3, 6, or 10 days post-transplant and immunostained for presumptive sympathetic nerves (dopamine beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive, DBH-ir), sensory (calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive, CGRP-ir) or parasympathetic (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive, VIP-ir). DBH-ir sympathetic fibers sprouted into target from donors of all ages. However, the rate of ingrowth was most rapid in tissue from 6-day-old donors. In contrast, CGRP-ir sensory fibers showed no age-related differences, but grew more rapidly than sympathetic fibers. However, the innervation density at 10 days was comparable for both types of nerves. No significant VIP-ir parasympathetic ingrowth could be demonstrated at any age. We conclude that smooth muscle target in developing animals can have selective effects on different populations of ingrowing fibers; the rate of sympathetic ingrowth declines with maturity, whereas ingrowth of sensory fibers is not altered.

MESH: Biological-Markers-analysis; Calcitonin-Gene-Related-Peptide-analysis; Dopamine-beta-Hydroxylase-analysis; Eye-; Immunohistochemistry-; Muscle,-Smooth-growth-and-development; Nerve-Fibers-ultrastructure; Nerve-Regeneration; Parasympathetic-Nervous-System-cytology; Parasympathetic-Nervous-System-physiology; Random-Allocation; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Sympathetic-Nervous-System-cytology; Sympathetic-Nervous-System-physiology; Transplantation,-Heterotopic; Vasoactive-Intestinal-Peptide-analysis

MESH: *Aging-physiology; *Muscle,-Smooth-innervation; *Muscle,-Smooth-transplantation; *Nerve-Fibers-physiology

TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Female; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

CN: NS23502NSNINDS; HD02528HDNICHD

RN: EC 1.14.17.1; 0; 37221-79-7; 83652-28-2

NM: Dopamine-beta-Hydroxylase; Biological-Markers; Vasoactive-Intestinal-Peptide; Calcitonin-Gene-Related-Peptide

AN: 94259147

UD: 9409

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 29 of 59

TI: In the normal rabbit femoral artery increasing arterial wall injury does not lead to increased intimal hyperplasia.

AU: van-Erven-L; Post-MJ; Velema-E; Borst-C

AD: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands.

SO: J-Vasc-Res. 1994 May-Jun; 31(3): 153-62

ISSN: 1018-1172

PY: 1994

LA: ENGLISH

CP: SWITZERLAND

AB: Angioplasty inflicts damage to the arterial wall. We studied whether augmented medial smooth muscle cell necrosis leads to augmented intimal hyperplasia and thus aggravates restenosis. Sixty-three normal femoral arteries of New Zealand White rabbits were overstretched with an angioplasty balloon during either maximal vasoconstriction with phenylephrine (32 arteries) or maximal vasodilation with nitroprusside (31 arteries). After 3 days' survival, medial necrosis was determined as percentage of cross-sectional medial area. In the 3 weeks' survival group, intimal hyperplasia was quantified as its average thickness. The dilation ratios, i.e. balloon diameter divided by arterial diameter at the time of dilation, were significantly higher in the 3 days' and 3 weeks' vasoconstriction groups (VC groups), respectively: 1.96 +/- 0.10 (mean +/- SD) and 2.14 +/- 0.08 in the VC groups versus 1.27 +/- 0.03 and 1.32 +/- 0.05, respectively, in the vasodilation groups (VD groups) (both p < 0.001). Medial necrosis was more extensive in the VC group (64 +/- 5%) than in the VD group (23 +/- 7%, p < 0.001) and proportional to the dilation ratio (r = 0.69, p < 0.01). Intimal hyperplasia, however, was equal in the VC (59 +/- 8 microns) and VD (57 +/- 6 microns, NS) groups and not dependent on dilation ratio (r = 0.10). Thus, extensive medial necrosis produced during balloon dilation in maximally vasoconstricted arteries did not lead to more intimal hyperplasia than when less medial necrosis was induced by balloon dilation during vasodilation.

MESH: Femoral-Artery-drug-effects; Femoral-Artery-pathology; Hyperplasia-; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-drug-effects; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; Necrosis-; Nitroprusside-pharmacology; Phenylephrine-pharmacology; Rabbits-; Regression-Analysis; Rupture-; Vasoconstriction-; Vasodilation-; Wound-Healing

MESH: *Angioplasty,-Balloon-adverse-effects; *Femoral-Artery-injuries; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-injuries

TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 15078-28-1; 59-42-7

NM: Nitroprusside; Phenylephrine

AN: 94198394

UD: 9407

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 30 of 59

TI: A functional neointima with regularly arranged smooth muscle cells in a fabric vascular prosthesis transplanted with autologous venous tissue fragments.

AU: Noishiki-Y; Yamane-Y; Tomizawa-Y; Okoshi-T; Satoh-S; Niu-S; Yamamoto-K; Ichikawa-Y; Ishii-M; Tobe-M; et-al

AD: First Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan.

SO: ASAIO-J. 1993 Jul-Sep; 39(3): M746-9

ISSN: 1058-2916

PY: 1993

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: Regular arrangement of smooth muscle cells underneath an endothelial cell layer was observed in the neointima of a fabric vascular prosthesis treated with new technology to accelerate endothelialization, i.e., transplantation of autologous venous tissue fragments in the graft wall. This finding indicated that the neointima has a vital function as the intima of the blood vessel. A canine left jugular vein was minced and stirred into 20 ml of saline containing 1,000 IU heparin. It was injected with pressure into a fabric prosthesis (4 mm inner diameter [ID], 3.5 cm in length, Water porosity: 4,000 ml) to create the tissue fragmented, heparinized graft. The graft was implanted into the same animal from which the jugular vein was taken. Forty tissue fragmented heparinized (TFH) grafts were implanted in both carotid arteries of 20 dogs and explanted from 1 hr to 400 days after implantation. In this study, the neointimae of the grafts implanted for more than 1 month are analyzed, with a focus on the arrangement of smooth muscle cells in the neointima. A circumferential arrangement of smooth muscle cells with a thin layer of longitudinally arranged cells underneath was seen in the neointimae, which resemble the arrangement of smooth muscle cells in the natural arterial wall. Some areas had a thin smooth muscle cell layer in the longitudinal direction just under the endothelial cell layer. At anastomotic sites, they ran in parallel rows in the longitudinal direction. The authors previously clarified that the smooth muscle cells arrange in parallel rows in the direction of strain caused by tensile stress.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

MESH: Dogs-; Polyethylene-Terephthalates; Prosthesis-Design; Surface-Properties; Veins-pathology

MESH: *Bioprosthesis-; *Blood-Vessel-Prosthesis; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; *Regeneration-physiology; *Tunica-Intima-pathology; *Veins-transplantation

TG: Animal

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 0

NM: Polyethylene-Terephthalates

AN: 94093184

UD: 9404

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 31 of 59

TI: Endothelialized myointimal thickening in the rat aorta as a result of extensive freeze injury.

AU: Kolpakov-V; Rekhter-M; Bauman-O; Di-Sciullo-A; Di-Nardo-P; Drozdov-S; Poggi-A; Mironov-A

AD: Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Ivanovo Medical Institute, Russia.

SO: Atherosclerosis. 1993 Sep; 102(2): 187-93

ISSN: 0021-9150

PY: 1993

LA: ENGLISH

CP: IRELAND

AB: The regeneration of rat aorta intima and medial layer was examined after extensive freeze injury that caused the death of both endothelial and smooth muscle cells. After 1 month complete re-endothelialization of the denuded area was observed. In parallel, myointimal thickening was formed by the smooth muscle cells (SMC) from the uninjured edges and its thickness increased with time. The SMC of myointimal thickening were stellate in the upper part and elongated near the internal elastic lamina. No regenerative response was seen in the medial layer, consisting only of elastic and collagen fibers, and its thickness was reduced during regeneration. These results show that the regenerative response of medial SMC to extensive freeze injury proceeds in the form of intimal thickening.

MESH: Aorta,-Abdominal-injuries; Endothelium,-Vascular-injuries; Freezing-; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-injuries; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-WKY; Regeneration-physiology; Tunica-Intima-pathology

MESH: *Aorta,-Abdominal-pathology; *Endothelium,-Vascular-pathology; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology

TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

AN: 94072038

UD: 9403

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 32 of 59

TI: Mast cell and myofibroblast in wound healing.

AU: Hebda-PA; Collins-MA; Tharp-MD

AD: Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania.

SO: Dermatol-Clin. 1993 Oct; 11(4): 685-96

ISSN: 0733-8635

PY: 1993

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: Growing evidence in the literature indicates that mast cells are integrally involved in the process of dermal wound repair. They are resident cells of the normal dermis and have several cytokines stored in their granules that are stimulatory to fibroblasts. They also contain serine proteases that may be involved in remodeling of the extracellular matrix during healing. Mast cells are found in increased numbers in acute wounds and in certain chronic fibrotic diseases. Their influence on fibroblast growth and collagen production may be an important element in fibrosis. The effects of mast cell mediators on dermal fibroblasts are currently being explored by our laboratory and others. Myofibroblasts are implicated in the phenomenon of wound contraction. These phenotypically altered fibroblasts express some features of smooth muscle cells, notably actin filaments, and are abundant in granulation tissue. It has been proposed that they are responsible for wound contraction and possibly certain types of contracture. However, this hypothesis has been challenged by studies demonstrating the presence of myofibroblasts in wounds that do not contract, or the process of contraction in vitro in the absence of myofibroblasts. At this time the issue remains open to debate and further research.

MESH: Granulation-Tissue-cytology; Granulation-Tissue-physiology; Skin-injuries

MESH: *Fibroblasts-physiology; *Mast-Cells-physiology; *Muscle,-Smooth-cytology; *Muscle,-Smooth-physiology; *Skin-cytology; *Skin-physiology; *Wound-Healing-physiology

TG: Human

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL

AN: 94037663

UD: 9402

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 33 of 59

TI: New model of vascular cell repair in vitro [letter]

AU: Kolpakov-V; Di-Sciullo-A; Amore-C; Nasuti-M; Iacoviello-L; Poggi-A; Donati-MB

SO: In-Vitro-Cell-Dev-Biol. 1993 Feb; 29A(2): 109-10

ISSN: 0883-8364

PY: 1993

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

MESH: Aorta-cytology; Cell-Division; Cells,-Cultured; Endothelium,-Vascular-cytology; Models,-Cardiovascular; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-cytology; Rats-; Tissue-Culture-methods; Umbilical-Veins

MESH: *Aorta-injuries; *Endothelium,-Vascular-injuries; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-injuries; *Wound-Healing

TG: Animal; Human; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: LETTER

AN: 93231940

UD: 9307

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 34 of 59

TI: [The cell response of rat esophagus after intraluminal irradiation with Nd-YAG-laser (1064 nm) after various postoperative times: a light and electron microscopic study]

TO: Die Gewebeantwort des Rattenosophagus nach intraluminaler Bestrahlung mit Nd-YAG-Laser (1064 nm) zu unterschiedlichen postoperativen Zeitpunkten: Eine licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Studie.

AU: Stratmann-U; Schaarschmidt-K; Lehmann-RR; Willital-GH; Wessling-G; Kessler-T

AD: Anatomisches Institut der Universitat Munster, Deustschland.

SO: Anat-Anz. 1993 Feb; 175(1): 95-100

ISSN: 0003-2786

PY: 1993

LA: GERMAN; NON-ENGLISH

CP: GERMANY

AB: The esophagi of Wistar rats were irradiated by a Nd-YAG-laser and studied by light and transmission electron microscopy immediately, 2 days and 14 days after the operation. In the immediate group the lasercentre showed a destruction of the stratified epithelium. On the contrary the cells and fibres of the underlying connective tissue were hardly affected. In the lasercentre we have found occlusion of microvascular lumina. Both the layer of smooth muscular tissue and the layer of skeletal muscular tissue showed defects in their myofilaments and altered nuclei. The damage of the skeletal muscle fibres extended up to 4 mm distant from the lasercentre. After 2 days a migrating epithelial sheet was present below the necrotic epithelium and an inflammatory reaction was found in the connective tissue. After 14 days a new regenerated epithelium and an underlying granulation tissue had caused a stenosis of the esophageal lumen. The smooth and striated muscle fibres also showed signs of regeneration. We assume a high regenerative capacity of all involved tissues.

MESH: English-Abstract; Epithelium-pathology; Epithelium-radiation-effects; Epithelium-ultrastructure; Esophagus-pathology; Esophagus-ultrastructure; Inflammation-; Lasers-; Microscopy,-Electron; Muscle,-Smooth-pathology; Muscle,-Smooth-ultrastructure; Necrosis-; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; Regeneration-; Time-Factors

MESH: *Esophagus-radiation-effects; *Muscle,-Smooth-radiation-effects

TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Male

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

AN: 93220855

UD: 9307

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 35 of 59

TI: Basic fibroblast growth factor enhances the coupling of intimal hyperplasia and proliferation of vasa vasorum in injured rat arteries.

AU: Edelman-ER; Nugent-MA; Smith-LT; Karnovsky-MJ

AD: Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.

SO: J-Clin-Invest. 1992 Feb; 89(2): 465-73

ISSN: 0021-9738

PY: 1992

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is mitogenic for smooth muscle cells (SMC) and angiogenic. We examined the in vivo effects of bFGF in balloon denuded carotid arteries of laboratory rats. bFGF was administered continuously from polymer-based devices at 34 ng/d into the periadventitial space of rat carotid arteries for 2 wk. Intimal hyperplasia was not observed in the absence of injury or with lipopolysaccharide induced endothelial dysfunction. Different degrees of vascular injury produced proportionally more intimal hyperplasia. bFGF increased the intimal hyperplastic response 1.3-fold with severe vascular injury, and 2.4-fold with more mild injury. Increased cell proliferation, not extracellular matrix production, accounted for these effects. Cell density was unchanged for the control and bFGF-treated groups, and the number of proliferating intimal cells at 2 wk rose to an amount equivalent to the increase in mass; 1.9- and 4.0-fold for severe and lesser injury, respectively. The relative ability of heparin to reduce SMC proliferation was not altered by the presence of bFGF.bFGF also induced profound angiogenesis within and surrounding the polymeric releasing device, and in the vasa vasorum immediately around the injured arteries. bFGF's effect on vasa was linearly related to the amount of SMC proliferation within the blood vessel. Thus, the in vivo mitogenic and angiogenic potential of bFGF are coupled, and may be similarly modulated by the products of local injury and/or factors in the vessel wall.

MESH: Arteries-pathology; Cell-Division-drug-effects; Endothelium,-Vascular-physiology; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-secretion; Heparin-pharmacology; Hyperplasia-; Lipopolysaccharides-toxicity; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; Neovascularization,-Pathologic; Rats-; Regeneration-; Vasa-Vasorum-pathology

MESH: *Arteries-drug-effects; *Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-pharmacology; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-drug-effects; *Vasa-Vasorum-drug-effects

TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

CN: HL17747HLNHLBI; K12AG00294AGNIA; F32GM14003GMNIGMS

RN: 0; 0; 9005-49-6

NM: Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic; Lipopolysaccharides; Heparin

AN: 92147860

UD: 9205

SB: AIM

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 36 of 59

TI: [Laser in surgery of vascular anastomoses]

TO: Lasereinsatz zur Herstellung von Gefassanastomosen.

AU: Ahmadi-A; Muller-G; Bohm-M

AD: Orthopadischen Klinik, Freien Universitat Berlin, Oskar-Helene-Heim.

SO: Handchir-Mikrochir-Plast-Chir. 1992 Nov; 24(6): 330-3

ISSN: 0722-1819

PY: 1992

LA: GERMAN; NON-ENGLISH

CP: GERMANY

AB: The disadvantages of present-day microvascular suturing techniques include suture-induced foreign-body granulomas, stenoses and aneurysms. In comparison, argon laser-assisted anastomoses show a more favorable histomorphology and a low rate of stenoses and aneurysms. Laser-assisted anastomoses pass through the same familiar healing phases seen in common wound-healing.

MESH: Anastomosis,-Surgical-instrumentation; English-Abstract; Femoral-Artery-pathology; Femoral-Artery-surgery; Microscopy,-Electron; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; Rabbits-; Wound-Healing-physiology

MESH: *Laser-Surgery-instrumentation; *Microsurgery-instrumentation; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-surgery

TG: Animal

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

AN: 93138507

UD: 9304

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 37 of 59

TI: Electrophysiological responses in the rat tail artery during reinnervation following lesions of the sympathetic supply.

AU: Jobling-P; McLachlan-EM; Janig-W; Anderson-CR

AD: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Queensland, Australia.

SO: J-Physiol-Lond. 1992 Aug; 454: 107-28

ISSN: 0022-3751

PY: 1992

LA: ENGLISH

CP: ENGLAND

AB: 1. Responses to perivascular stimuli have been recorded with intracellular microelectrodes from the smooth muscle of isolated segments of the main caudal artery of rats at various times between 7 and 128 days after all four collector nerve trunks had been lesioned near the base of the tail at 21 days of age. 2. In proximal segments (< 40 mm distal to the lesions), excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) and neurogenic alpha-depolarizations (NADs) evoked by stimuli presented via a proximally located suction electrode were similar to those in the same segments of unoperated control animals of the same age. Supramaximal EJPs in these segments decreased in amplitude with age. 3. Stimuli just supramaximal for EJPs in innervated preparations failed to evoke responses in segments farther than 30-40 mm distal to the lesions at any time after the nerves had been cut and 1 cm excised. Higher voltages evoked slow depolarizing potentials (SDPs) which were of longer time course than EJPs. Similar responses occurred in segments over 60 mm distal to the lesions at 20-50 days after the nerves had been frozen, and in all segments sampled over 100 mm distal to nerve lesions. 4. Spontaneous transient depolarizations (STDs) were recorded at all depths of the media in denervated segments. These occurred at frequencies similar to those of spontaneous events (including attenuated spontaneous EJPs) in innervated segments. 5. The earliest signs of reinnervation (24-42 days after freeze lesions) consisted of very small amplitude EJPs of normal time course which facilitated markedly during a short train of stimuli (5-10 Hz); these were followed by NADs which were large relative to the amplitudes of the EJPs. Less commonly, small focal EJPs of brief time course (resembling spontaneous EJPs in superficial cells of innervated arteries) were evoked in very restricted regions of the vessel wall. 6. At later times (57-128 days postoperative), six of eight segments located 40-70 mm distal to freeze lesions showed EJPs of nearly control amplitude, but NADs that were larger than in equivalent segments from control animals. In the remaining two cases, reinnervation at this level was similar to that seen at the earliest postoperative times. High stimulus voltages prolonged the decay of EJPs in both control and reinnervated arteries. 7. Sensitivity to exogenous noradrenaline, assessed in terms of membrane depolarization, was increased in both denervated and reinnervated segments. 8. Catecholamine fluorescence disappeared from the arteries at a distance greater than 30-40 mm distal to the site of the nerve lesions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

MESH: Arteries-chemistry; Arteries-innervation; Autonomic-Fibers,-Postganglionic-physiology; Catecholamines-analysis; Electric-Stimulation; Electrophysiology-; Histocytochemistry-; Membrane-Potentials; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-drug-effects; Neuromuscular-Junction-physiology; Norepinephrine-pharmacology; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; Tail-blood-supply

MESH: *Adrenergic-Fibers-physiology; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-physiology; *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology

TG: Animal; Female; In-Vitro; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 0; 51-41-2

NM: Catecholamines; Norepinephrine

AN: 93115927

UD: 9304

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 38 of 59

TI: Muscle regeneration after endoureteropyelotomy?

AU: Van-Cangh-PJ; Cosyns-JP; Lagneaux-G; Abi-Aad-A; Lorge-F; Opsomer-RJ; Wese-FX

AD: Division of Urology, University of Louvain Medical School, St. Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.

SO: Eur-Urol. 1992; 22(3): 241-6

ISSN: 0302-2838

PY: 1992

LA: ENGLISH

CP: SWITZERLAND

AB: Three specimens of ureteropelvic junction, obtained at dismembered pyeloplasty after successful endoureteropyelotomy, were studied. In the regenerative tissue, numerous cells were found with morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of mature smooth muscle cells; no regeneration of bundle arrangement was observed.

MESH: Desmin-metabolism; Immunohistochemistry-; Kidney-Pelvis-ultrastructure; Muscle,-Smooth-metabolism; Muscle,-Smooth-ultrastructure; Ureter-ultrastructure; Ureteral-Obstruction-surgery

MESH: *Endoscopy-; *Kidney-Pelvis-physiology; *Kidney-Pelvis-surgery; *Muscle,-Smooth-physiology; *Regeneration-; *Ureter-physiology; *Ureter-surgery

TG: Human

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 0

NM: Desmin

AN: 93106023

UD: 9303

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 39 of 59

TI: The myofibroblast and the anophthalmic socket.

AU: Kaltreider-SA

SO: Adv-Ophthalmic-Plast-Reconstr-Surg. 1992; 9: 93-6

ISSN: 0276-3508

PY: 1992

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: One of the greatest advances in the understanding of wound healing was the identification and characterization of the myofibroblast by Gabbiani in 1971. Since that time this contractile cell has been found in the early stages of wound healing and in many pathologic states. In a recent study, the myofibroblast was found in healing and contracting anophthalmic sockets.

MESH: Fibroblasts-pathology; Wound-Healing

MESH: *Anophthalmos-pathology; *Muscle,-Smooth-pathology; *Orbit-pathology

TG: Animal; Human; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL

AN: 93090306

UD: 9303

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 40 of 59

TI: A simple cuff-suture technique for microvascular anastomosis.

AU: Deshmukh-GR; Yang-Y; Tellis-VA; Gerst-PH

AD: Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10567.

SO: J-Reconstr-Microsurg. 1992 Nov; 8(6): 491-4

ISSN: 0743-684X

PY: 1992

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: The use of synthetic cuffs to simplify and hasten microvascular anastomoses is offered as an alternative to conventional methods. In this study, a soft, non-irritating, silicone rubber cuff was used to construct end-to-end and end-to-side cuff-sutured anastomoses in rats. This technique was as rapid as other non-sutured anastomoses, required no assistant, and provoked no foreign-body reactions.

MESH: Carotid-Arteries-pathology; Carotid-Arteries-surgery; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; Rats-; Renal-Veins-pathology; Renal-Veins-surgery

MESH: *Anastomosis,-Surgical-methods; *Microsurgery-methods; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-surgery; *Silicones-; *Suture-Techniques; *Wound-Healing-physiology

TG: Animal; Human

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 0

NM: Silicones

AN: 93085644

UD: 9303

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 41 of 59

TI: Vessel repair after balloon angioplasty: morphological appearance and prostacyclin synthesising capacity.

AU: Mattsson-E; Brunkwall-J; Falt-K; Bergqvist-D

AD: Department of Surgery, University of Lund, Malmo General Hospital, Sweden.

SO: Eur-J-Vasc-Surg. 1992 Nov; 6(6): 585-92

ISSN: 0950-821X

PY: 1992

LA: ENGLISH

CP: ENGLAND

AB: Immediately after balloon dilatation of the rabbit aorta the release of prostacyclin is diminished. In this study the morphological appearance and time course for recovery of prostacyclin production after balloon dilatation have been investigated. Healthy rabbit aortas were analysed 1 h (n = 12), 1 week (n = 13) and 1 month (n = 13) after angioplasty. The production of prostacyclin, from dilated and non-dilated aortic segments, was recorded in a perfusion system. Prostacyclin was measured as its stable degradation product 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to analyse the type of cells present at the luminal surfaces of the segments. When endothelial cells were found their degree of coverage was also estimated. One hour after balloon dilatation there was a lower production of prostacyclin from the angioplasty segments than from controls. Also, the response to added arachidonic acid (AA) was lower in the angioplasty segments. No endothelial cells were present in the angioplasty segments. After 1 week there was no difference in the basic production of prostacyclin but there was still a lower response from angioplasty segments to the addition of AA. The inner surfaces of the angioplasty segments were covered by three to five layers of smooth muscle cells (SMC). After 1 month, there was no difference in either the basic production or after the addition of AA between control and angioplasty segments. The angioplasty segments were covered with a multilayer of SMC. The control segments had an almost complete cover of endothelial cells at every time interval after angioplasty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

MESH: Aorta,-Abdominal-pathology; Microscopy,-Electron,-Scanning; Perfusion-; Platelet-Aggregation-physiology; Rabbits-; Thrombosis-pathology

MESH: *Angioplasty,-Balloon; *Endothelium,-Vascular-pathology; *Epoprostenol-biosynthesis; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; *Wound-Healing-physiology

TG: Animal; Female; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 35121-78-9

NM: Epoprostenol

AN: 93083662

UD: 9303

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 42 of 59

TI: Influence of fibril length upon ePTFE graft healing and host modification of the implant.

AU: Hirabayashi-K; Saitoh-E; Ijima-H; Takenawa-T; Kodama-M; Hori-M

AD: Department of Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Japan.

SO: J-Biomed-Mater-Res. 1992 Nov; 26(11): 1433-47

ISSN: 0021-9304

PY: 1992

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: Influence of fibril length (porosity) upon synthetic vascular graft healing has not been investigated in detail. The purpose of this study was to determine the dependence of neoendothelial healing, cellular response, and biocompatibility on the fibril length of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts with an internal diameter of 1.5 mm. ePTFE grafts of different fibril length, 20, 40, 60, and 90 microns, were implanted into the abdominal aorta of rats (n = 5 for each group). After 5 weeks, the implants were harvested and examined for neointimal and pseudointimal coverage by light microscopy and SEM. The hydroxyproline content of the implants was measured, and the distribution of collagen types was examined. The neointimal and pseudointimal coverage was related to the fibril length, and the neoendothelial healing was better on 60-microns and 90-microns grafts than on 20-microns and 40-microns grafts. The amount of hydroxyproline was also related to the fibril length, however, no significant difference could be observed between 60-microns and 90-microns grafts. Collagen types I and III were almost identically located in the middle portion of the implants. Our results demonstrate that the fibril length of ePTFE grafts affected neoendothelial healing and its affinity to collagen.

MESH: Aorta,-Abdominal-cytology; Microscopy,-Electron,-Scanning; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-cytology; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; Wound-Healing

MESH: *Aorta,-Abdominal-ultrastructure; *Biocompatible-Materials; *Blood-Vessel-Prosthesis; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-ultrastructure; *Polytetrafluoroethylene-

TG: Animal; Male

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 0; 9002-84-0

NM: Biocompatible-Materials; Polytetrafluoroethylene

AN: 93077599

UD: 9303

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 43 of 59

TI: Radial keratotomy. II. Role of the myofibroblast in corneal wound contraction.

AU: Garana-RM; Petroll-WM; Chen-WT; Herman-IM; Barry-P; Andrews-P; Cavanagh-HD; Jester-JV

AD: Center for Sight, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.

SO: Invest-Ophthalmol-Vis-Sci. 1992 Nov; 33(12): 3271-82

ISSN: 0146-0404

PY: 1992

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: The cellular mechanism of corneal wound contraction after radial keratotomy (RK) was studied in a feline eye model. A total of 10 cat eyes were evaluated at various times from 0-30 days after surgery. Changes in the distribution of intracellular filamentous actin, nonmuscle myosin, alpha-actinin, surface membrane alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, and extracellular fibronectin were studied using immunofluorescence and laser confocal and electron microscopy. From day 3-7, staining for fibronectin increased along the wound margin. By day 7, keratocytes adjacent to the wound margin showed increased f-actin staining with intense staining for fibronectin compared with normal keratocytes. Myosin and alpha 5 beta 1 integrin expression was very weak at this time; alpha-actinin was not found. By day 14, fibroblasts within the wound formed f-actin microfilament bundles (stress fibers) which colocalized with fibronectin. Wound-healing fibroblasts also stained positively for alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, myosin, and alpha-actinin (the latter two were colocalized). The presence of myosin and alpha-actinin in the wound fibroblasts and the re-organization of f-actin into stress fibers by day 14 correlated with the development of wound contraction. A comparison of the cellular distribution of actin, myosin, and alpha-actinin with alpha 5 beta 1 integrin 14 days after injury suggested that integrin was localized along stress fiber bundles during wound contraction. The data from this study suggest that modulation of wound gape during healing of RK wounds may involve transformation of the corneal keratocyte to a myofibroblast-like cell and the subsequent formation of intracellular stress fibers composed of f-actin, nonmuscle myosin, and alpha-actinin. Based on the colocalization of fibronectin filaments and f-actin filaments and the unique distribution of alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, these findings support the hypothesis that the tension within the wound is generated by the formation of intracellular stress fibers and the interactions between stress fibers and the extracellular matrix, mediated by specific membrane receptor molecules.

MESH: Cats-; Cornea-ultrastructure; Fluorescent-Antibody-Technique; Microscopy,-Electron; Microscopy,-Fluorescence; Muscle,-Smooth-pathology

MESH: *Cornea-physiopathology; *Fibroblasts-physiology; *Keratotomy,-Radial; *Muscle,-Smooth-physiology; *Wound-Healing

TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

CN: EY07348EYNEI

AN: 93053413

UD: 9302

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 44 of 59

TI: [Changes in the vascular endothelium after electro- and thermocoagulation]

TO: Veranderungen des Gefassendothels nach Elektro- und Thermokoagulation.

AU: Sparmann-M

AD: Orthopadischen Klinik und Poliklinik, Freien Universitat Berlin am Oskar-Helene-Heim.

SO: Handchir-Mikrochir-Plast-Chir. 1992 Sep; 24(5): 253-8

ISSN: 0722-1819

PY: 1992

LA: GERMAN; NON-ENGLISH

CP: GERMANY

AB: An experimental study was performed in animals to investigate the effect of various coagulation techniques on the vascular system. Using a microsurgical procedure, the femoral vein of fifteen rabbits was exposed bilaterally and coagulated until the lumen was closed. Electro- and thermocoagulation systems were applied. The light microscopic examination showed endothelial alterations in the course of the vessel. Analyses with the scanning electron microscope were therefore also performed. Extensive endothelial damage could be detected regularly with monopolar currents; the results were not uniform with bipolar applications. The most favorable conditions were found when thermal coagulators had been used. Damage to the parallel arteries was not detectable to a significant degree in these cases. The toxic effect of the energy applied can be morphologically divided into three stages. It should be considered whether extensive endothelial damage leads to the formation of microthrombi and thus causes clinical complications.

MESH: Endothelium,-Vascular-pathology; English-Abstract; Femoral-Artery-pathology; Femoral-Artery-surgery; Femoral-Vein-pathology; Femoral-Vein-surgery; Microscopy,-Electron,-Scanning; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; Rabbits-; Wound-Healing-physiology

MESH: *Electrocoagulation-instrumentation; *Endothelium,-Vascular-surgery; *Microsurgery-instrumentation; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-surgery

TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Female; Male

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

AN: 93051784

UD: 9302

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 45 of 59

TI: Sensory nerves impair sympathetic reinnervation and recovery of smooth muscle function.

AU: Fike-EA 4th; Simons-E; Boswell-C; Smith-PG

AD: Department of Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7401.

SO: Exp-Neurol. 1992 Oct; 118(1): 85-94

ISSN: 0014-4886

PY: 1992

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: Neuronal populations projecting to a common target may compete for neurotrophic substances. To determine if competition impairs target reinnervation, we examined the effect of capsaicin-induced sensory denervation on sympathetic nerve ingrowth to the sympathectomized rat superior tarsal smooth muscle. In tarsal muscles with intact sympathetic innervation, capsaicin injection on Day 2 reduced numbers of perimuscular CGRP-ir sensory nerves by 68% at 3-4 months; however, it did not alter dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-ir nerve density, response to nerve stimulation, or tarsal muscle adrenoceptor-mediated contraction. Tarsal muscles denervated by ipsilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy on Postnatal Day 4 were partially reinnervated by fibers from the contralateral ganglion, as noted in previous studies. Sensory denervation by capsaicin improved sympathetic reinnervation, as evidenced by a 174% increase in numbers of DBH-ir nerves and a 62% increase in neurally mediated smooth muscle contraction evoked by electrical stimulation of the contralateral pathway relative to reinnervated muscles of vehicle-injected rats; smooth muscle function was also influenced, as indicated by a decrease toward normal in adrenoceptor sensitivity. Tarsal muscles denervated at 30 days were not reinnervated in either vehicle-injected or capsaicin-treated rats, indicating that sensory denervation does not extend the developmental window during which contralateral reinnervation can occur. Both the vehicle-injected and capsaicin-treated preparations with sustained juvenile sympathectomy showed sensory hyperinnervation as adults; thus, a chronic reduction in competition from sympathetics is a sufficiently powerful stimulus to overcome the decreased nerve density induced by neonatal capsaicin treatment. We conclude that sensory nerves limit the extent of sympathetic reinnervation and functional recovery that can occur following neonatal sympathetic denervation.

MESH: Aging-physiology; Animals,-Newborn; Capsaicin-pharmacology; Electric-Stimulation; Eyelids-; Muscle-Contraction; Muscle-Denervation; Muscle,-Smooth-innervation; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Sympathectomy,-Chemical; Sympathetic-Nervous-System-drug-effects

MESH: *Muscle,-Smooth-physiology; *Nerve-Regeneration; *Neurons,-Afferent-physiology; *Sympathetic-Nervous-System-physiology

TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S.; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

CN: NS23502NSNINDS; S07RR5373RRNCRR

RN: 404-86-4

NM: Capsaicin

AN: 93011800

UD: 9301

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 46 of 59

TI: Time-dependent appearance of myofibroblasts in granulation tissue of human skin wounds.

AU: Betz-P; Nerlich-A; Wilske-J; Tubel-J; Penning-R; Eisenmenger-W

AD: Department of Legal Medicine, University of Munich, Federal Republic of Germany.

SO: Int-J-Legal-Med. 1992; 105(2): 99-103

ISSN: 0937-9827

PY: 1992

LA: ENGLISH

CP: GERMANY

AB: Human skin wounds (66) inflicted between 20 h and 7 months prior to biopsy were studied. In order to identify the type of cellular differentiation of the fibroblastic cells in the granulation tissue, alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin were immunohistochemically localized. The value of any presumed time-dependent appearance and/or disappearance of positively stained cells was tested for the estimation of wound age. In skin specimens with a wound age less than 5 days (n = 15) no typical granulation tissue had developed and no alpha-actin-positive myofibroblasts could be detected. The first appearance of positively reacting myofibroblasts was noted in a 5-day-old wound. In 57% of the lesions with a wound age between 5 and 31 days (25 out of 44 cases) typical granulation tissue formation was present and myofibroblasts with positive reaction for alpha-smooth muscle actin could be identified. Numerous positively reacting cells could generally be found in wounds aged between 16 and 31 days, but also in wounds less than 16 days old. In 29% of the cases with a wound age of more than 31 days (2 out of 7 cases) alpha-sma-positive myofibroblasts also occurred. Fibroblastic cells positive for desmin could not be seen at all in our series. Our results demonstrate the appearance of alpha-sma-positive myofibroblasts with the initial formation of typical granulation tissue in human skin lesions as early as approximately 5 days after wounding. In contrast to recent experimental results these cells remained detectable in wounds aged more than 2 months in some cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

MESH: Evaluation-Studies; Forensic-Medicine-methods; Forensic-Medicine-standards; Immunohistochemistry-; Time-Factors

MESH: *Fibroblasts-chemistry; *Granulation-Tissue-chemistry; *Muscle,-Smooth-cytology; *Postmortem-Changes; *Wound-Healing-physiology

TG: Human; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

AN: 92392789

UD: 9212

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 47 of 59

TI: Histological comparison of autogenous canine fascia lata, Gore-Tex, lyophilized human fascia lata, and autogenous canine vein for vascular patch graft material in a canine arteriotomy model.

AU: Benzel-EC; McMillan-R; Fowler-MR; Landreneau-MD; Kesterson-L; Payne-DL

AD: Division of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.

SO: Neurosurgery. 1992 Jul; 31(1): 108-13

ISSN: 0148-396X

PY: 1992

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: Autogenous fascia lata has found little clinical use as a vascular patch graft material. Previous experience, however, suggests that it possesses attributes that might make it useful in this regard. To assess its efficacy as a vascular patch graft, nine adult mongrel dogs each underwent four arteriotomies with placements of patch grafts. The four sites included both carotid arteries and both femoral arteries. In each animal, one of four patch graft materials (autogenous canine fascia lata, Gore-Tex, lyophilized human fascia lata, and autogenous canine vein) were placed as patch material at the arteriotomy site utilizing 7-0 running sutures and loop magnification. The site for placement of each graft material was rotated serially in the animals so that each site would have equal numbers of all four graft materials applied. The animals were killed at either 6 to 8 weeks or 11 to 12 weeks after angiography of all four vessels. The specimens were then evaluated histologically. No difference was observed among any of the patch graft materials with regard to myofibroblast plaque formation. Inflammatory responses were noted to be substantially less in the canine fascia lata group than in the other three groups. Granuloma formation, however, appeared to be most significant in the autogenous canine vein group. Only one vessel was occluded. Aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm formation was not noted in any specimen. It appears from the above results that autogenous fascia lata may be an appropriate alternative to currently utilized arterial patch graft materials and that it should be evaluated further for this purpose.

MESH: Carotid-Arteries-pathology; Carotid-Arteries-surgery; Dogs-; Endothelium,-Vascular-pathology; Femoral-Artery-pathology; Femoral-Artery-surgery; Fibroblasts-pathology; Foreign-Body-Reaction-pathology; Granuloma,-Foreign-Body-pathology; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology

MESH: *Bioprosthesis-; *Blood-Vessel-Prosthesis; *Endothelium,-Vascular-surgery; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-surgery; *Polytetrafluoroethylene-; *Wound-Healing-physiology

TG: Animal; Comparative-Study

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 9002-84-0

NM: Polytetrafluoroethylene

AN: 92350371

UD: 9211

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 48 of 59

TI: Lung myofibroblasts.

AU: Leslie-KO; Mitchell-J; Low-R

AD: Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405.

SO: Cell-Motil-Cytoskeleton. 1992; 22(2): 92-8

ISSN: 0886-1544

PY: 1992

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

MESH: Lung-Diseases-pathology; Muscle-Contraction-physiology; Wound-Healing-physiology

MESH: *Fibroblasts-ultrastructure; *Lung-cytology; *Muscle,-Smooth-ultrastructure

TG: Animal; Human

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL

AN: 92339106

UD: 9210

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 49 of 59

TI: Formation of endovasal structures and intramural channels in rat vena cava after application of microsurgical suture: prophylactic effect of heparin and trental administration.

AU: Vyalov-SL; Rekhter-MD; Sidorov-VB; Pshenisnov-KP; Mironov-AA

AD: Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Ivanovo Medical Institute, Russian Republic.

SO: Microsurgery. 1992; 13(3): 143-50

ISSN: 0738-1085

PY: 1992

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: The study addresses the histopathology of end-to-end microanastomosis in the rat inferior vena cava. The vessels were harvested in 4 hours and 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after the operation and were evaluated using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. The endothelium was completely restored within 7 days after the surgical procedure. Endovasal structures at the microsuture site and intramural endothelial channels opening into the vena cava lumen developed as a result of endothelialization and parallel substitution of the three-dimensional fibrin framework of the mural microthrombus with connective tissue. By 1 month, aggregates of platelets, fibrin, and adhering leukocytes were observed in the intramural channel mouths. Administration of heparin and Trental for 1 week after the operation reduced the number of intramural channels and prevented the formation of endovasal structures at the site of microvenous anastomosis.

MESH: Anastomosis,-Surgical-instrumentation; Blood-Platelets-drug-effects; Blood-Platelets-pathology; Blood-Platelets-physiology; Connective-Tissue-pathology; Endothelium,-Vascular-drug-effects; Endothelium,-Vascular-surgery; Fibrin-; Microscopy,-Electron,-Scanning; Microsurgery-instrumentation; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-drug-effects; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-surgery; Platelet-Aggregation-drug-effects; Platelet-Aggregation-physiology; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-WKY; Regeneration-drug-effects; Sutures-; Thrombosis-prevention-and-control; Vena-Cava,-Inferior-drug-effects

MESH: *Endothelium,-Vascular-pathology; *Heparin-pharmacology; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; *Pentoxifylline-pharmacology; *Thrombosis-physiopathology; *Vena-Cava,-Inferior-pathology; *Vena-Cava,-Inferior-surgery

TG: Animal; Male

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 6493-05-6; 9001-31-4; 9005-49-6

NM: Pentoxifylline; Fibrin; Heparin

AN: 92284870

UD: 9209

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 50 of 59

TI: The biology of the myofibroblast.

AU: Gabbiani-G

AD: Department of Pathology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.

SO: Kidney-Int. 1992 Mar; 41(3): 530-2

ISSN: 0085-2538

PY: 1992

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

MESH: Granulation-Tissue-cytology; Wound-Healing

MESH: *Fibroblasts-cytology; *Muscle,-Smooth-cytology

TG: Animal; Human; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL

AN: 92243737

UD: 9208

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 51 of 59

TI: Experimental evidence of selective axonal regeneration in allogenic and isogenic Y-chambers.

AU: Ochi-M; Ikuta-Y; Miyamoto-Y; Takeno-S

AD: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan.

SO: Exp-Neurol. 1992 Feb; 115(2): 260-5

ISSN: 0014-4886

PY: 1992

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: Studies on axonal regeneration in Y-chambers over the past decade have consistently provided evidence of preferential growth toward a distal nerve piece. However, these findings are in contrast to the observations by Weiss and Taylor (1944. J. Exp. Zool. 95: 233-257), indicating that in fresh aortic Y-chambers regenerating axons had no tendency to grow into a channel containing a distal nerve piece as compared to an open channel. The discrepancy between Weiss and Taylor's findings and those of later authors remains unexplained. In the present study we repeated the investigations by Weiss and Taylor, using both isogenic and allogenic aortic Y-chambers. In control groups the aorta graft was frozen and treated chemically to kill all cells and to deactivate possible growth factors of protein nature. In these groups preferential growth toward the distal nerve was pronounced although such specificity in growth was evident also in the nontreated types of aortic chambers. The findings do not support the results presented by Weiss and Taylor.

MESH: Aorta-transplantation; Axons-ultrastructure; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-transplantation; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-Strains; Transplantation,-Homologous; Transplantation,-Isogeneic

MESH: *Aorta-innervation; *Axons-physiology; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-innervation; *Nerve-Regeneration

TG: Animal; In-Vitro

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

AN: 92137353

UD: 9205

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1991 52 of 59

TI: Role of growth factors in the contraction and maintenance of collagen lattices made with arterial smooth muscle cells.

AU: Chen-JK; Haimes-HB; Weinberg-CB

AD: Department of Physiology, Chang Gung Medical College, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.

SO: J-Cell-Physiol. 1991 Jan; 146(1): 110-6

ISSN: 0021-9541

PY: 1991

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: The contraction of collagen lattices made with arterial smooth muscle cells was studied in medium MCDB 107 without serum or supplemented with 1% fetal bovine serum, plus insulin, transferrin, and low-density lipoprotein. Under these conditions, smooth muscle cell mitogens including HBGF-1 (aFGF), PDGF, and EGF stimulated contraction. Stimulation by HBGF-1 was more profound than with other factors tested. HBGF-1 stimulation of lattice contraction was blocked by protein synthesis inhibitors, but not inhibitors of DNA synthesis. Histological observations indicated that HBGF-1 also enhanced the maintenance of healthy cells in the lattice. Taken together, these observations suggest that HBGF-1 stimulates lattice contraction, not by a mitogenic effect, but by stimulating synthesis of specific cellular proteins. Since the greatest effects of HBGF-1 on lattice contraction were seen during the first 72 h following casting, the effects on maintenance of cell viability are probably less important in promoting lattice contraction.

MESH: Arteries-; Collagen-metabolism; Culture-Media; Dogs-; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-secretion

MESH: *Epidermal-Growth-Factor-Urogastrone-physiology; *Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Acidic-physiology; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-physiology; *Platelet-Derived-Growth-Factor-physiology; *Wound-Healing-physiology

TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 0; 0; 104781-85-3; 62229-50-9; 9007-34-5

NM: Culture-Media; Platelet-Derived-Growth-Factor; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Acidic; Epidermal-Growth-Factor-Urogastrone; Collagen

AN: 91115973

UD: 9105

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1991 53 of 59

TI: Locally applied GM-CSF induces the accumulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin containing myofibroblasts.

AU: Rubbia-Brandt-L; Sappino-AP; Gabbiani-G

AD: Department of Pathology, University of Geneva, Switzerland.

SO: Virchows-Arch-B-Cell-Pathol-Incl-Mol-Pathol. 1991; 60(2): 73-82

ISSN: 0340-6075

PY: 1991

LA: ENGLISH

CP: GERMANY

AB: We have examined the histological and cytoskeletal changes in rat connective tissues induced by subcutaneous perfusion with cytokines. Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1-alpha), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) produced a significant fibroblast accumulation, neovascular development and a weak to moderate leukocyte infiltration, while interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) induced intense mononucleated leukocyte infiltration. Immunofluorescence staining showed that accumulated fibroblastic cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle (SM) actin (but negative for the desmin and muscle myosin) only in GM-CSF-treated tissues. Electron microscopic examination established that a significant proportion of fibroblastic cell in GM-CSF-, IL-1-alpha- or TGF-beta-treated animals were typical myofibroblasts. Only in GM-CSF-treated animals did microfilament bundles of myofibroblasts contain alpha-SM actin, when examined by immuno electron microscopy. Our results suggest that locally applied cytokines induce the formation of distinct granulation tissues. In particular, GM-CSF stimulates alpha-SM actin synthesis in myofibroblasts, illustrating an unexpected extra-hematopoietic in vivo effect of this factor.

MESH: Fibroblasts-ultrastructure; Fluorescent-Antibody-Technique; Granulation-Tissue-cytology; Interleukin-1-pharmacology; Leukocytes-cytology; Microscopy,-Immunoelectron; Platelet-Derived-Growth-Factor-pharmacology; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-Strains; Transforming-Growth-Factor-beta-pharmacology; Tumor-Necrosis-Factor-pharmacology; Wound-Healing

MESH: *Actins-metabolism; *Fibroblasts-metabolism; *Granulocyte-Macrophage-Colony-Stimulating-Factor-pharmacology; *Muscle,-Smooth-metabolism

TG: Animal; Female; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

RN: 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 83869-56-1

NM: Actins; Interleukin-1; Platelet-Derived-Growth-Factor; Transforming-Growth-Factor-beta; Tumor-Necrosis-Factor; Granulocyte-Macrophage-Colony-Stimulating-Factor

AN: 91263362

UD: 9109

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1991 54 of 59

TI: Production of transforming growth factor beta 1 during repair of arterial injury.

AU: Majesky-MW; Lindner-V; Twardzik-DR; Schwartz-SM; Reidy-MA

AD: Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.

SO: J-Clin-Invest. 1991 Sep; 88(3): 904-10

ISSN: 0021-9738

PY: 1991

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: Repair of arterial injury produced by balloon angioplasty leads to the formation of a neointima and a narrowing of the vascular lumen. In this study, we examined the possibility that smooth muscle cells (SMC) in injured rat carotid arteries are stimulated to produce type-1 transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta 1) during neointima formation in vivo. Levels of TGF-beta 1 transcripts (2.4 kb) were significantly increased within 6 h after carotid injury and reached a maximum (five to sevenfold) by 24 h. Regenerating left carotids had sustained increases in TGF-beta 1 mRNA levels (about fivefold) over the next 2 wk, during which time a substantial neointimal thickening was formed. No changes in basal TGF-beta 1 mRNA levels were found in contralateral uninjured carotids at any of the times examined. Immunohistochemical studies showed that a large majority of neointimal SMC were stained for TGF-beta 1 protein in an intracellular pattern, consistent with active TGF-beta 1 synthesis in this tissue. Neointima formation and TGF-beta 1 immunoreactivity were correlated with increases in fibronectin, collagen alpha 2(I), and collagen alpha 1(III) gene expression. Infusion of purified, recombinant TGF-beta 1 into rats with a preexisting neointima produced a significant stimulation of carotid neointimal SMC DNA synthesis. These results suggest that TGF-beta 1 plays an important role as an endogenous growth regulatory factor produced by neointimal SMC themselves during progressive neointimal thickening after balloon angioplasty.

MESH: Angioplasty,-Balloon-adverse-effects; Arteries-metabolism; Carotid-Arteries-injuries; Carotid-Arteries-metabolism; DNA-biosynthesis; Extracellular-Matrix-Proteins-genetics; Gene-Expression; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-Strains; RNA,-Messenger-analysis; Transforming-Growth-Factor-beta-analysis; Transforming-Growth-Factor-beta-genetics; Wound-Healing-physiology

MESH: *Arteries-injuries; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-metabolism; *Transforming-Growth-Factor-beta-biosynthesis

TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

CN: HL03174HLNHLBI; HL41103HLNHLBI; HL07312HLNHLBI

RN: 0; 0; 0; 9007-49-2

NM: Extracellular-Matrix-Proteins; RNA,-Messenger; Transforming-Growth-Factor-beta; DNA

AN: 91358750

UD: 9112

SB: AIM

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1991 55 of 59

TI: Platelet-derived growth factor activity and mRNA expression in healing vascular grafts in baboons. Association in vivo of platelet-derived growth factor mRNA and protein with cellular proliferation.

AU: Golden-MA; Au-YP; Kirkman-TR; Wilcox-JN; Raines-EW; Ross-R; Clowes-AW

AD: Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle 98915.

SO: J-Clin-Invest. 1991 Feb; 87(2): 406-14

ISSN: 0021-9738

PY: 1991

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: In a baboon graft model of arterial intimal thickening, smooth muscle cells (SMC) have been observed to proliferate underneath an intact monolayer of endothelium and in the absence of platelet adherence. Because platelets are not present and therefore cannot be a major source of growth stimulus, we have proposed that the vascular wall cells in the graft intima express mitogens and regulate SMC proliferation. To test this hypothesis, we assayed the grafts for mitogenic activity and expression of growth factor genes. Segments of healing graft and of normal artery, when perfused ex vivo, released mitogenic activity into the perfusate. The graft released more mitogen than the normal arterial segment, and some of the activity was inhibitable with an antibody to human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). In addition, Northern analysis of total RNA demonstrated higher expression of PDGF-A chain mRNA in the graft intima compared to normal artery. PDGF-B chain mRNA was barely detectable in both tissues. PDGF mRNA levels within the graft interstices were not measured. In situ hybridization of 7.5- or 12-wk grafts indicated that some luminal endothelial cells and adjacent intimal SMC contained PDGF-A chain mRNA. By thymidine autoradiography, intimal SMC were observed to be proliferating in the inner third of the intima. These data demonstrate a difference in the pattern of PDGF transcript expression and luminal perfusate activity in graft as compared with control arteries. The association of intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation with intimal PDGF mRNA expression and release of PDGF-like protein supports the hypothesis that factors from cells that have grown into the graft or populated its surface rather than platelets may regulate intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation in this model.

MESH: beta-Thromboglobulin-analysis; Blotting,-Northern; Cell-Division; Immunohistochemistry-; Lactate-Dehydrogenase-analysis; Nucleic-Acid-Hybridization; Papio-; Platelet-Factor-4-analysis; Wound-Healing

MESH: *Arteries-transplantation; *Graft-Survival; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-cytology; *Platelet-Derived-Growth-Factor-metabolism; *RNA,-Messenger-analysis

TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

CN: HL30946HLNHLBI; HL18645HLNHLBI; RR00166RRNCRR

RN: EC 1.1.1.27; 0; 0; 0; 37270-94-3

NM: Lactate-Dehydrogenase; beta-Thromboglobulin; Platelet-Derived-Growth-Factor; RNA,-Messenger; Platelet-Factor-4

AN: 91123433

UD: 9105

SB: AIM

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1991 56 of 59

TI: [A comparative study of the regeneration of the striated and smooth-muscle tissues of the esophagus]

TO: Sravnitel'noe izuchenie regeneratsii poperechnopolosatoi i gladkoi myshechnoi tkanei pishchevoda.

AU: Bazhenov-DV

SO: Arkh-Anat-Gistol-Embriol. 1991 May; 100(5): 79-82

ISSN: 0004-1947

PY: 1991

LA: RUSSIAN; NON-ENGLISH

CP: USSR

AB: By means of electron microscopy and observational histological techniques, using a similar experimental model, regeneration of the striated and smooth muscle tissues of the esophagus has been studied in rats. During early periods after lesion in both muscle tissues destructive-necrotic changes develop. Beginning from the 2nd-3d days regeneration processes are observed. The course and periodicity of the regenerative processes are specific for the types of the muscle tissues studied. Each of the muscle tissues of the esophagus has its own source of regeneration. For the smooth muscles those are myoblasts, that convert into smooth myocytes, for the striated ones--myosatellites, which after activation get out of the muscle fiber. During the restorative process of the muscular membrane no tissue interconnections are observed. This also proves certain specificity of the striated and smooth muscle tissues of the esophagus.

MESH: English-Abstract; Esophagus-injuries; Esophagus-ultrastructure; Microscopy,-Electron; Muscle,-Smooth-injuries; Muscle,-Smooth-ultrastructure; Muscles-injuries; Muscles-ultrastructure; Rats-; Time-Factors

MESH: *Esophagus-physiology; *Muscle,-Smooth-physiology; *Muscles-physiology; *Regeneration-physiology

TG: Animal; Comparative-Study

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

AN: 92189454

UD: 9206

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1991 57 of 59

TI: Healing process of vascular prostheses seeded with venous tissue fragments.

AU: Noishiki-Y; Yamane-Y; Satoh-S; Niu-S; Okoshi-T; Tomizawa-Y; Wildevuur-CR

AD: First Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Japan.

SO: ASAIO-Trans. 1991 Jul-Sep; 37(3): M478-80

ISSN: 0889-7190

PY: 1991

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

AB: Rapid neointima formation in fabric vascular prostheses seeded with autologous venous tissue fragments was examined. A piece of peripheral vein was minced into small fragments and stirred into 20 ml of saline. This tissue suspension was sieved through the wall of Dacron prostheses. The prostheses implanted in the descending aortae of dogs showed extremely rapid healing of the neointima. Endothelial cells lined the entire luminal surface within 14 days. There was no difference in the healing process between the area near anastomotic sites and the center.

MESH: Dogs-; Endothelium,-Vascular-pathology; Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; Prosthesis-Design; Tissue-Culture; Veins-

MESH: *Blood-Vessel-Prosthesis; *Cell-Adhesion-physiology; *Cell-Division-physiology; *Endothelium,-Vascular-transplantation; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-transplantation; *Wound-Healing-physiology

TG: Animal

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE

AN: 92088757

UD: 9204

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1991 58 of 59

TI: Prevention of stenosis after vascular reconstruction: pharmacologic control of intimal hyperplasia--a review.

AU: Clowes-AW; Reidy-MA

AD: Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195.

SO: J-Vasc-Surg. 1991 Jun; 13(6): 885-91

ISSN: 0741-5214

PY: 1991

LA: ENGLISH

CP: UNITED-STATES

MESH: Constriction,-Pathologic-prevention-and-control; Hyperplasia-; Wound-Healing-physiology

MESH: *Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme-Inhibitors-therapeutic-use; *Endothelium,-Vascular-pathology; *Graft-Occlusion,-Vascular-prevention-and-control; *Heparin-therapeutic-use; *Muscle,-Smooth,-Vascular-pathology; *Platelet-Aggregation-Inhibitors-therapeutic-use

TG: Animal; Human; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.

PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL

CN: HL41103HLNHLBI; HL03174HLNHLBI; HL18645HLNHLBI

RN: 0; 0; 9005-49-6

NM: Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme-Inhibitors; Platelet-Aggregation-Inhibitors; Heparin

AN: 91245641

UD: 9109

MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1991 59 of 59

TI: Beta actin and its mRNA are localized at the plasma membrane and the regions of moving cytoplasm during the cellular response to injury.

AU: Hoock-TC; Newcomb-PM; Herman-IM

AD: Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Tufts University Health Science Schools, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.

SO: J-Cell-Bi