This document is based on one from IUB's Campus Instructional Consulting
entitled "Best Practices of IU Faculty." Ideas for using technology
to aid in or enhance these best practices have been inserted. Some
exemplary web sites illustrating many of these practices can be found
at the end of the document.
What are some of the teaching practices that promote the most
learning?
In a study done at IU in 1990, excellent teachers across disciplines
were asked to describe the criteria for effective teaching in their
discipline. Then students were asked to describe what these teachers
did in their classrooms. The teachers' and students' descriptions
of what best promotes learning can be put into the six following categories:
- Course Organization describes the instructor's skill
in managing, planning and presenting overall course content and
learning activities so that the students understand the relationship
among the various course objectives, topics, resources, etc.
Create your own web site or use Oncourse for course management
Create a central repository for class information - students can't
lose the syllabus; keep the site updated; post weekly "surprises";
post your picture so those in the back of the room will recognize
you outside of class!
- Clarity of Presentation describes the instructor's ability
to clarify, communicate and develop ideas through simple explanations
and vivid examples.
Use graphics and animations
Clarify complex ideas; make graphics available to students for study
and review outside of class via the web or other means
- Openness and Rapport describes the instructor's ability
to create an atmosphere of mutual respect and involvement. This
can include instructor accessibility, human support and relevant
value development in a relaxed, encouraging manner.
Use e-mail
Use personal e-mail and/or distribution lists; create small distribution
lists for groups or sections; hold on-line office hours (a set time
when you'll promptly respond to incoming e-mail); request a special
class account for your course or use Oncourse mail if you don't
want to clog your personal e-mail account
- Stimulation of Interest and Involvement describes how
the instructor facilitates students' involvement in class discussions.
Approaches which involve students actively in class generate enthusiasm,
provoke interest, and appropriately challenge them. Astin's (1993)
massive review, What Matters in College, reported that student-student
interaction gives the best results for improving student learning.
The IU study on excellent teachers and their students supported
this idea.
Set up a web bulletin board or discussion forum
Post controversial or complex questions for students to answer;
require them to respond to at least two other classmates; assign
"starters" and "wrappers" - students who start and summarize the
week's discussion- and/or "provocateurs" to challenge opinions,
raise neglected issues, etc.
Have students create web resources
Provide some basic training and structure; can be independent
or group projects
Adapt commercial software
Professor Yvette Alex-Assensoh has students play SimCity. Students
are challenged not only by creating a successful city, but also
by assignments that require them to justify decisions and analyze
where the software is unrealistic and incomplete. Similarly, Professor
Nick Cullather has employed the Vietnam War simulation Escalation
in his course.
Invite scholars to participate in your class
Find scholars or colleagues who are willing to answer questions
or correspond with your students via e-mail or by participating
in an electronic forum.
Have students use the technological tools in your discipline
Require students to use instrumentation to collect and analyze
data as "real" researchers
- Giving Feedback to Students in a timely way will provide
them with information on their performance, so they know how to
improve before the semester is over.
Provide feedback with Post'Em, the Oncourse gradebook, or
e-mail
Let students know where they stand; insert comments regarding individual
performance
- Getting Feedback from Students has a two-fold purpose:
to audit student understanding and to improve teaching methods
and promote better learning before the semester is over.
Use QuizSite, the Oncourse quiz/survey tool, or simple web
feedback forms
Reduce test anxiety by giving sample quizzes; get feedback (anonymous
or not) during the semester; survey or poll students on issues or
topics to springboard discussions
Links to exemplary sites: