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 A105 Human Origins and Prehistory
A105 Human Osteology Exercise
 

Human Osteology Exercise

I. General anatomy.  These are bones that may often come up in class.

Frontal                   Temporal       Scapula        Ulna                        Femur: Head
Maxilla                   Mandible      Clavicle         Carpus (carpals)                  Neck
Zygomatics            Occipital        Humerus       Pelvis:  Ilium             Tibia
Nasals                   Sternum         Radius                      Pubic bone    Fibula
                                                                                   Sacrum          Tarsus (tarsals)
 

II. Anatomical Questions.

     A. Skull.
     1.  Feel your cheekbone. What bone is this? Which other major bones does it articulate with?
           Zygomatic; articulates with maxilla, temporal, and frontal bones.

    2.  Locate the following landmarks.
           External occipital protuberance, supraorbital ridges (browridge), sagittal suture.
        The external occipital produberance is the bony bump at the back of the head; the sagittal suture runs from front to back over the top of the head.

    3.  What does the foramen magnum articulate with?
           Spine; at the first neck vertebra.

    4.  How many incisors, canines, premolars, and molars are there?
           2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars in each quadrant of the jaw.  This is known as the dental formula.

   B.  Upper Limb: Shoulder, Arm, and Hand.
   1.  Which two bones does the clavicle connect to?
          Scapula and sternum.

   2.  What feature on the scapula is connected to the clavicle?
         The acromion process.

   3.  Reach around and feel your shoulder blade.  What is it that you feel?
         The spine of scapula.

   4.  What is the glenoid fossa?
         It is the socket for the humerus.

   5.  What is the carpus?
        The carpus refers to the bones of the wrist (carpal bones).

   6.  How many metacarpals are found on the forelimb?
          Five.

   7.  What do we call finger bones?
          Phalanges.

   C.  Lower Limb: Pelvis and Leg.
   1.  What is the acetabulum?  What does it connect to?
         It is the socket for the head of femur.

   2.  What is the upper blade of the pelvis called?
        The ilium.

   3.  Describe the location of the pubic bone.
        The pubic bone makes up the front portion of the pelvic girdle.

   D.  Arms vs. Legs.
   1.  Name three differences between the humerus and the femur.
        The feumr is longer and heavier.  The femur has a neck, and the head of femur has a small depression in its center, whereas the humerus' head is smooth.

   2.  What does the distal (lower) end of the femur connect with?
         The tibia.

   3.  What do the radius and ulna articulate with?  Make sure to mention both the proximal and distal ends of the bones.
            Both articulate with the humerus at the proximal end, the carpus at the distal end, and with each other.

Click here for an unlabeled drawing of the skull.

Click here for another skeleton drawing.