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 A105 Human Origins and Prehistory
A105 Quiz 4 Answer Key

Correct answers to the questions are italicized.  The answers given for the fill in the blank questions are the most direct phrasing; many of you received credit for answers that were worded differently.

1.  How does KNM-ER 1470 differ from KNM-ER 1813?
    A. 1470 has a larger brain
    B. 1813 has larger teeth
    C. 1813 has a more humanlike postcranial skeleton
    D. 1470 has a smaller face

2. KNM-WT 15,000, the "Turkana Boy," is an early representative of which hominid species?
       Homo erectus

3. When does Homo erectus first appear in the fossil record?
     A. 4 million years ago
     B. 3.2 million years ago
     C. 1.8 million years ago
     D. 1 million years ago

4. By the time of Homo erectus, how were hominids obtaining meat?
     A. by scavenging only
     B. by hunting only
     C. using both scavenging and hunting
     D. they did not eat meat

5. About when did Homo erectus begin to spread past Africa?
    A. sometime between 1.8 and 1.0 million years ago
    B. by 2 million years ago
    C. less than 500,000 years ago
    D. when Africa got too crowded

6. About when does Homo erectus become extinct?
   After reviewing my notes, I decided to accept both 400 and 200 kya.
 

7. What is the main difference between the two main stone tool industries made by Homo erectus?
     A. those in much of East Asia have handaxes, but those in Europe do not
     B. African and European sites do not have scrapers
     C. many East Asian sites lack handaxes
     D. there is no difference

8. Which of the following features could NOT be used to tell a piece of stone broken by a hominid from one that has been naturally broken?
     A. bulb of percussion
     B. striking platform
     C. retouch (small flakes removed along an edge)
     D. rock type

9. When does art begin to appear in the archaeological record?
     A. the Oldowan
     B. the Acheulean
     C. the Mousterian (Middle Palaeolithic)
     D. the Upper Palaeolithic

10. Which stone tool industry is most often associated with Neanderthals?(Name of industry, not of specific tools.)
         Middle Palaeolithic, Mousterian, Chatelperronian all acceptable

11. Did the Neanderthals bury their dead?
     A. No
     B. Yes, just like Upper Paleolithic people
     C. Yes, but their graves were less elaborate
     D. It is unknown

12. There are two main theories about the origins of modern humans, Out of Africa and which other theory?
      regional continuity/multiregional evolution

13. Fracture patterns on Neandertal bones have been found to correspond to injuries common in modern rodeo cowboys.  What might this indicate about Neandertal behavior?
    A. Neandertals had begun to keep livestock
    B. Neandertals had only simple hunting weapons, therefore needing to get close to their prey to make the kill
    C. Neandertals also had calf-roping and bull-riding competitions
    D. Neandertals were accident-prone

14. What specialized stoneworking technique is most often associated with Neanderthals?
        Levallois technique

15. What was Francois Bordes' explanation for the variability in tool frequencies that he found in Middle Paleolithic assemblages?
    A. that different prehistoric "tribes" each made a different variant
    B. that the same group of people used different toolkits at different sites
    C. that the five variants represented a developmental sequence over time
    D. that Neandertals were just lousy toolmakers who couldn't keep their tools straight

16. What behavioral innovations occurred at the beginning of the Upper Palaeolithic?
    A. people began to intentionally bury their dead
    B. people hunted for the first time
    C. art objects such as sculpture and personal decoration appeared
    D. stone tools were completely replaced by bone, antler, and wood implements

17. Neandertal physical characteristics are sometimes said to be the result of?
    A. adaptation to long-distance running
    B. adaptation to eating lots of seeds and nuts
    C. adaptation to hunting small prey
    D. adaptation to living in a cold environment

18. Genetic evidence, such as studies of mitochondrial DNA, support which hypothesis concerning modern human origins?
      replacement hypothesis

19. Other than Europe, where do we find Neandertals?
    A. China
    B. sub-Saharan Africa
    C. the Near East
    D. Australia