INTRODUCTION, BODY ORGANIZATION AND TERMINOLOGY

I. SYLLABUS AND COURSE POLICIES

II. PLANES OF REFERENCE & DESCRIPTIVE TERMINOLOGY (fig 1.5)

A. Anatomical Position:

B. Planes of Reference: imaginary planes that may be used to "section" the body

1) Sagittal Plane: divides the body into right and left portions

a) midsagittal plane divides the body equally into right and left HALVES

2) Coronal (or Frontal) Plane: divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

3) Transverse (Horizontal) Plane: divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) portions

C. Directional Terms for the Body: terms are in table 1.2 on p. 12, and fig 1.6 on p. 13 - LEARN THEM!!

III. BODY REGIONS (fig 1.8)

1) Cephalic Region or Head : includes these subregions

Orbital - eye

Nasal - nose

Oral - mouth

Mental - chin

e) Frontal – forehead

f) Occipital – back of head

2) Neck or Cervical Region (neck referred to as the cervix)

3) Thorax or Thoracic Region

a) Pectoral Region –chest (subdivided into left and right pectoral regions)

b) Mammary Region –breast

c) Sternal Region - area of chest between left and right pectoral regions

d) Axillary Region - armpit

4) Abdominal Region - located below the diaphragm and above the top of the hips

5) Pelvic Region - inferior to the abdominal region, located between the hip bones

6) Upper Extremity :

a) Deltoid Region - shoulder

b) Brachium Region - arm - defined as from shoulder to elbow

c) Antecubital (Cubital) Region - elbow region

d) Antebrachium Region - forearm - between the elbow and the hand

e) Carpal Region - wrist

f) Hand -

1) Palmar - palm (front side) of hand

2) Dorsum - back of hand

7) Lower Extremity :

a) Femoral Region - thigh - from hip to knee

b) Patellar Region - front surface of the knee

c) Popliteal Region - back of the knee

d) Crural Region - leg - from knee to ankle

e) Foot (Pedal Region) -

1) Plantar - sole of the foot

2) Dorsum - top surface of the foot

IV. BODY CAVITIES (fig 1.9)

-- Def: body cavities are enclosed spaces within the body

1) Cranial Cavity (endocranium) - houses the brain

2) Vertebral Canal – cylindrical opening formed by vertebral column and contains the spinal cord

3) Thoracic Cavity (chest cavity)

* bounded inferiorly by the diaphragm

a) 2 Pleural - each houses a lung

b) Mediastinum - area between lungs

c) Pericardial - contains heart

4) Abdominopelvic Cavity:

a) Abdominal Cavity – digestive organs

b) Pelvic Cavity - reproductive organs and bladder

V. SEROUS MEMBRANES (fig 1.10)

-- Def: composed of tissue and either cover/support/protect organs or line some body cavities

* secrete serous fluid

1) Parietal layer of a serous membrane - lines internal surface of body wall

2) Visceral layer of a serous membrane - covers external surface of organs

serous cavity: potential space between parietal and visceral layer

The ____________ region refers to the area around the armpit.

a. sternal

b. mammary

c. antecubital

d. axillary

e. pectoral

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