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Ellen Ketterson Professor of Biology |
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Dale Sengelaub Professor of Neural Science / Psychology |
| C E N T E R F O R T H E I N T E G R A T I V E S T U D Y O F A N I M A L B E H A V I O R |
| F A L L 1 9 9 9 G R A D U A T E S E M I NA R |
| Hormones, Behavior, and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in the Environment (A501) |
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Ellen Ketterson Professor of Biology |
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Dale Sengelaub Professor of Neural Science / Psychology |
| PROSPECTUS . READINGS . CLASS SCHEDULE |
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C O U R S E D E S C R I P T I O N Since the publication of Our Stolen Future (Colborn et al., 1996), concern about endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment has been growing. This was first based on common sense. Field biologists had begun to report the existence of animals with abnormal sexual development and behavior. Since hormones play key roles in both animal development and the mediation of sexual physiology and behavior, perhaps the abnormalities had been induced by hormones or by compounds that behaved chemically like hormones. Later, industrial compounds now labelled as EDCs were found to bind to hormone receptors and to act as agonists and antagonists, thus mimicking or blocking hormonal action. Together these observations produced grave concern. Science, however, is not about common sense, it's about making measurements, taking data, and drawing inferences. Important studies include: (a) lab studies of animals reporting effects of individual EDCs, particularly delayed effects of exposure to low doses of EDCs during critical periods in development,An objective of this course is to provide students with the information needed to weigh the controversy about potential EDCs and their adverse effects. We will cover some basic concepts in endocrinology, particularly from a developmental perspective, as well as concepts from the field of hormones and behavior. An appreciation for the diverse ways in which hormones influence behavior, physiology, and morphology will help us to understand what to expect from compounds that mimic or block hormonal action. Potential effects of EDCs on the phenotype include alteration in reproductive systems (e.g., abnormalities in genital morphology, declining human sperm counts), in the nervous system (e.g., suppressive effects on cognitive development), and in immunological capacity (e.g., pesticides and immunosupression). A second course objective will be to hear from people who have made important contributions to the field. We are fortunate that the following people have agreed to visit campus and meet with the class: Fred vom Saal (University of Missouri, masculinizing or feminizing effects of early exposure to HAAs in mice), September 30-October1Expectations of Students: Students who are enrolled will be expected to prepare for class by reading and to lead and participate in discussion. They will also be expected to meet with the speakers informally in small groups during the day and at meals and perhaps at receptions. Finally, each student will be asked to select an issue related to EDCs and to write it up in 2 forms, one for your scientific colleagues and one for the public. |
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R E A D I N G S TEXTBOOKS: Strongly recommended: Nelson, Randy J. 1999. An Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology, 2nd Edition, Sinauer Press, ISBN 0-87893-616-5, $64.95 casebound. Colborn, T., D. Dumanoski, and J.P Myers. 1997. Our Stolen Future. Penguin Books, paper back edition. Several copies will be available in bookstore: Schecter, A. (ed.) 1994. Dioxins and Health. Plenum Press, NY. Naz, R.K (ed). 1999. Endocrine Disruptors: Effects on Male and Female Reproductive Systems. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 358pp. SOURCES and READINGS Videos: World Wildlife Foundation, "Four Keynote Presentations on Various Aspects of Endocrine Disruption for Classroom Use" Theo Colborn, "Introduction" John McLachlan, "The Effect of Synthetic Estrogens on Mammalian Development" Richard E. Peterson, "Developmental Male Reproductive Toxicity of Dioxin" L. Earl Gray, "Gonadal and Functional Consequences of Toxic Insult during Sexual Differentiation" Howard A. Bern, "The Fragile Fetus" Frontline, "Fooling with Nature" Books: Nelson, Randy J. 1999. An Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology, 2nd Edition, Sinauer Press. Colborn, T., D. Dumanoski,and J.P Myers. 1997. Our Stolen Future. Penguin Books, paper back edition. Naz, R.K. (ed). 1999. Endocrine Disruptors: Effects on Male and Female Reproductive Systems. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Web Sites: RACHEL: Cause For Precautionary Action EPA: Endocrine Disrupters Research Initiative EPA STARS Endocrine Disruptors funding announcement (now closed) Special Report on Environmental Endocrine Disruption: An Effects Assessment and Analysis (PDF) Environmental Concepts Made Easy (ECME) Center for Bioenvironmental Research of Tulane and Xavier Universities Environmental Estrogens EDSTAC Meeting (1998) EPA: Endocrine Distuptor Screening & Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC) WWF: Endocrine Disruptors US Urged to Eliminate Dioxins Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment (1999) - entire text online Overview Articles: Banks, J.E., and J.D.Stark. 1998. What is ecotoxicology? An ad-hoc grab bag or an interdisciplinary science? Integrative Biology 1:195-204. Carter, T.W. et al. 1996. Organochlorine accumulation by sentinel mallards at the Winston-Thomas Sewage Treatment Plant, Bloomington, IN. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 30:163-169. Colborn, T., F.S. vom Saal, and A. M. Soto. 1993. Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environmental Health Perspectives 101: 378-384. Cooper, R.I., and R.J. Kavlock. 1997. Endocrine disrupters and reproductive development: a weight of evidence review. Journal of Endocrinology 152:159-166. Porter, W.P., J.W. Jaeger, and I.H. Carlson. 1999. Endocrine, immune, and behavioral effects of aldicarb (carbamate), atrazine (triazine) and nitrate (fertilizer) mixtures at groundwater concentrations. Toxicology and Industrial Health 15:133-150. Chemicals that compromise life: A call to action. Issue Brief, World Wildlife Fund, September, 1998. Bortone, S.A. and R. P. Cody. 1999. Morphological masculinization in poeciliid females from a paper mill effluent receiving tributary of the St. Johns River, Florida, USA. Bulletin of Environ. Contam. Toxicology 63: 150-156 READINGS to PREPARE for VISITORS: COLBORN Colborn, T, Dumanoski, D., and J.P Myers. 1997. Our Stolen Future. Penguin Books, paper back edition. Colborn, T., vom Saal, F.S. and Soto, A.M. 1993. Developmental effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environ. Health Perspectives 101:378-384. VOM SAAL Spearow, J.L., Doemeny, P. Sera, R., Leffler, R., and M Barkley. 1999. Genetic variation in susceptibility to endocrine disruption by estrogen in mice. Science 285:1259-1261. vom Saal, F.S. and D.M. Sheehan. 1998. Challenging risk assessment. Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy, 13(3): 11-18. CHERBAS Cherbas, P., and L. Cherbas. 1996. Molecular aspects of ecdysteroid hromone action. In: Metamorphosis. Tata and L.I. Gilbert (eds.), pp. 175-221Academic Press. CREWS Crews, D. 1996. Temperature-dependent sex determination: The interplay of steroid hormones and temperature. Zoological Science 13: 1-13. Bergeron, J.M., Willingham, E, Osborn, C.T. III, Rhen, T. and D. Crews. 1999. Developmental synergism of steroidal estrogens in sex determination. Environmental Health Perspectives 107: 93-97. GUILLETTE Crain, D. A., Guillette, L. J., Jr., Pickford, D. B., Percival, H. F., and A.R. Woodward. 1998. Sex-steroid and thyroid hormone concentrations in juvenile alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from contaminated and reference lakes in Florida. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 17: 446-452. Crain, D. A., Guillette, L. J., Jr., Rooney, A. A., and D.B. Pickford. 1997. Alteration in steroidogenesis in alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) exposed naturally and experimentally to environmental contaminants. Environmental Health Perspectives 105: 528-533. Guillette, L. J., Jr., Crain, D. A., Rooney, A. A., and D.B. Pickford. 1995. Organization versus activation: The role of endocrine-disrupting contaminants (EDCs) during embryonic development in wildlife. Environmental Health Perspectives 103(Suppl. 7): 157-164. Guillette, L. J., Jr., Gross, T. S., Masson, G. R., Matter, J. M., Percival, H. F., and A.R. Woodward. 1994. Developmental abnormalities of the gonad and abnormal sex hormone concentrations in juvenile alligators from contaminated and control lakes in Florida. Environmental Health Perspectives 102: 680-688. Guillette, L. J., Jr., Pickford, D. B., Crain, D. A., Rooney, A. A., and H.F. Percival. 1996. Reduction in penis size and plasma testosterone concentrations in juvenile alligators living in a contaminated environment. General and Comparative Endocrinology101:32-42. APANIUS Marsh, James and Marion Kendall (eds.) 1996. The Physiology of Immunity. CRC Press. Section I. An Overview of the Immune System |
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F A L L 1 9 9 9 C L A S S S C H E D U L E Meeting Time: 4-6 pm Thursdays Location: CISAB seminar room, 402 N. Park Avenue Public Lectures: 11:30 am, some Fridays (see below), Glen Black Laboratory, Room 101 (next to Mathers Museum, 9th & Fess) Plus: Informal meetings with visiting speakers, TBA September 2 -- Introduction, Frontline video September 9 -- Diane Henshel (SPEA, IU) "History of EDC Controversy" September 16 -- Theo Colborn (World Wildlife Foundation), CANCELLED, preparation for Colborn's November visit September 23 -- Dale Sengelaub (Psychology/Program in Neural Science, IU) "Sex and Sexual Differentiation" September 30 -- Fred vom Saal (University of Missouri) October 1 -- Fred vom Saal "The Fragile Fetal brain: Permanent Neurobehavioral Effects of Very Low Doses of Endogenous Steroids and Environmental Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals" October 7 -- Peter Cherbas (Biology, IU) "Molecular Aspects of Hormone Action" October 13 -- Preparation for Crews October 20 -- David Crews (University of Texas-Austin) October 21 -- David Crews, "Endocrine Disruptors: Present issues, Future Problems" October 28 -- Preparation for Guillette November 4 -- Preparation for Apanius November 11 -- Lou Guillette (University of Florida) November 12 -- Lou Guillette, "Contaminants as Hormones: Lessons from Alligators" November 18 -- Theo Colborn (World Wildlife Foundation) November 19 -- Theo Colborn, "Endocrine Disruption - It's Time for a Shift in Mindset: from Sex to Thyroid Hormones" - LECTURE CANCELLED- November 25 -- Thanksgiving holiday December 2 -- Victor Apanius (Florida International University) December 3 -- Victor Apanius, "Evolutionary Ecology of Immunity" |
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