William D. Timberlake Professor Department of Psychology Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana  47405  USA

Ph.D. 1969

Psychology

University of Michigan

M.A. 1967

Psychology

University of Michigan

B.A. 1964

Psychology

Pomona College

Timberlake, W. & Birch, D. (1967). Complexity, novelty, and food deprivation as determinants of speed of shift of behavior. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 63, 545-548.

Timberlake, W. (1967). Straight alley acquisition drive and ad lib. test performance. Psychonomic Science, 585-586.

Morokoff, P. & Timberlake, W. (1971). Cue exposure and overt fear responses as determinants of extinction of avoidance in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 77, 432-438.

Allison, J. & Timberlake, W. (1973). Instrumental and contingent saccharin licking in rats: Response deprivation and reinforcement. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 2, 141-143.

Timberlake, W. (1974). a review of "Perspectives in Zoosemiotics" by T. A. Sebeok. Language Sciences, 30, 40-42.

Timberlake, W. & Allison, J. (1974). Response deprivation: An empirical approach to instrumental performance. Psychological Review, 81, 146-164.

_________. (1976). Reprinted in H. Rachlin, Behavior and Learning. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

Allison, J. & Timberlake, W. (1974). Instrumental and contingent saccharin licking in rats: Response deprivation and reinforcement. Learning and Motivation, 5, 231-247.

Allison, J. & Timberlake, W. (1975). Response deprivation and instrumental performance in the controlled-amount paradigm. Learning and Motivation, 6, 112-142.

Timberlake, W. & Grant, D. L. (1975). Auto-shaping in rats to the presentation of another rat predicting food. Science, 190, 690-692.

Timberlake, W. (1977). The application of the matching law to simple ratio schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 25, 215-217.

Timberlake, W. (1978). Inference from animals to humans: A discouraging word? Contemporary Psychology, 12, 487-488.

Timberlake, W. (1979). Licking one saccharin solution for access to another: Contingent and noncontingent effects. Animal Learning and Behavior, 7, 277-288.

Timberlake, W. & Wozny, M. (1979). Reversibility, of reinforcement between eating and running by schedule changes: A comparison of hypotheses and models. Animal Learning and Behavior, 7, 461-469.

Timberlake, W. (1980). An equilibrium theory of learned performance. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 14). New York: Academic Press.

Timberlake, W. (1981). Bliss points and utility functions. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 4, 404-405.

Timberlake, W. (1981). The education of behaviorism and the nature of learning. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 4, 638-639.

Timberlake, W., Wahl, G., & King, D. (1982). Stimulus and response contingencies in the misbehavior of rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 8, 62-85.

Timberlake, W. (1982). The emperor's clothes: Assumptions of the matching theory. In M. Commons, R. J. Herrnstein, & H. Rachlin (Eds.), Quantitative Analyses of Behavior (Vol. 2): Matching and Maximizing. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.

Timberlake, W. (1982). Controls and schedule induced behavior. Animal Learning & Behavior, 10, 535-536.

Timberlake, W. (1983). Appetitive structure and straight alley running. In R. Mellgren, (Ed.), Animal Cognition and Behavior (pp. 165-222). Amsterdam: North Holland Press.

Timberlake, W. (1983). The continuing evolution of animal learning. Contemporary Psychology, 28, 118-119.

Hopp, S. & Timberlake, W. (1983). Odor cue determinants of urine marking in male rats (rattus norvegicus). Behavioral & Neural Biology, 37, 112-172.

Hanson, S. & Timberlake, W. (1983). Regulation during challenge: A general model of learned performance under schedule constraint. Psychological Review, 90, 261-282.

Timberlake, W. (1983). The functional organization of appetitive behavior: Behavior systems and learning. In: M. D. Zeiler & P. Harzem (Eds.), Advances in the analysis of behavior: Vol. 3. Biological factors in learning, (pp. 177-221). Chichester: Wiley.

Timberlake, W. (1983). The rat's response to a moving object related to food or water: A behavior systems analysis. Animal Learning & Behavior, 11, 309-320.

Timberlake, W. (1984). A temporal limit on the effect of future food on current performance in an analogue of foraging and welfare. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 41, 117-124.

Timberlake, W. (1984). Behavior regulation in learned performance: Some misapprehensions and disagreements. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 41, 355-375.

Timberlake, W. (1984). Further thoughts on behavior regulation. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 41, 383-386.

Peden, B. F. & Timberlake, W. (1984). Effects of reward magnitude on key-pecking and eating by pigeons in a closed economy. Psychological Record, 34, 397-416.

Timberlake, W. (1984). The theoretical basis of the matching law: The bare-bones model is a better buy. Contemporary Psychology, 29, 678-679.

Timberlake, W. (1984). Selection by consequences: A universal causal mode? The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 499-501.

_________. (1988). Reprinted in A. L. Catania & S. Harnad (Eds.), The selection of behavior.

Timberlake, W. (1984). On the limits of induction: Tinkering only helps so much. Contemporary Psychology, 29, 684-685.

Timberlake, W. (1984). An ecological approach to learning. Learning and Motivation, 15, 321-333.

Timberlake, W. & Maier, S. F. (Eds.), (1984). Ecological and developmental contexts in the study of learning. Learning and Motivation, 15, (4, special issue).

Lucas, G. A. & Timberlake, W. (1985). Real time goes small time. On Line, 4, 25-27.

Melcer, T. & Timberlake, W. (1985). Poison avoidance and patch (location) selection in rats. Animal Learning and Behavior, 13, 60-68.

Timberlake, W. & Lucas, G. A. (1985). The basis of superstitious behavior: Chance contingency, stimulus substitution, or appetitive behavior? Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 44, 279-299.

Gawley, D. J., Timberlake, W., & Lucas, G. A. (1986). Schedule-constraint of average drink-burst length and the regulation of wheel running and drinking in rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 12, 78-94.

Melcer, T. & Timberlake, W. (1986). Running and drinking by rats outside the schedule session. Behavioral Processes, 13, 29-38.

Timberlake, W. (1986). Unpredicted food produces a mode of behavior that affects rats' subsequent reactions to a conditioned stimulus: A behavior system approach to "context blocking." Animal Learning & Behavior, 14, 276-286.

Timberlake, W., Gawley, D. J., & Lucas, G. A. (1987). Time horizons in rats foraging for food in temporally separated patches. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 13, 302-309.

Timberlake, W. & Peden, B. F. (1987). On the distinction between open and closed economies. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 48, 35-60.

Timberlake, W. (1987). Some thoughts on melioration and molar maximizing. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 48, 343-345.

Gawley, D. J., Timberlake, W., & Lucas, G. A. (1987). System-specific differences in behavior regulation: Over-running and under-drinking in molar non-depriving schedules. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 13, 354-365.

Lucas, G. A., Timberlake, W., & Gawley, D. J. (1988). Adjunctive behavior in the rat under periodic food delivery in a 24-hr environment. Animal Learning & Behavior, 16, 19-30.

Gawley, D. J., Timberlake, W., & Lucas, G. A. (1988). Anticipatory drinking in rats: Compensating adjustments in the local rate of drinking. Physiology & Behavior, 42, 297-302.

Timberlake, W. (1988). Constructing optimal sequences of behavior: Backwards is beautiful, but ... Behavioral and Brain Sciences, II, 151-152.

Timberlake, W. & Melcer, T. (1988). A laboratory simulation of predatory behavior in rats: Effects of poisoning. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 102, 182-187.

Lucas, G. A. & Timberlake, W. (1988). Interpellet delay and meal patterns in the rat. Physiology & Behavior,43, 259-264.

Kreiter, N. & Timberlake, W. (1988). The form and development of predation on crickets in adults of Peromyscus maniculatus bairdi and Peromyscus leucopus noveboracencis. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 102, 269-278.

Timberlake, W. (1988). The behavior of organisms: Purposive behavior as a type of reflex. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50, 305-318.

Timberlake, W. (1988). Feedforward and feedback processes in learning: The importance of appetitive structure. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 472-474.

Timberlake, W. (1988). Evolution, behavior systems, and "self-control:" The fit between organism and test environment. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 694-695.

Lucas, G. A., Gawley, D. J., & Timberlake, W. (1988). Anticipatory contrast as a measure of time horizons in the rat: Some methodological determinants. Animal Learning & Behavior, 16, 377-382.

Timberlake, W., Gawley, D. J., & Lucas, G. A. (1988). Time horizons in rats: The effect of operant control of access to future food. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50, 405-417.

Timberlake, W. & Washburne, D. L. (1989). Feeding ecology and laboratory predatory behavior toward live and artificial moving prey in seven rodent species. Animal Learning & Behavior, 17, 1-10.

Timberlake, W. & Lucas, G. A. (1989). Behavior systems and learning: From misbehavior to general principles. In S. B. Klein & R. R. Mowrer (Eds.), Contemporary learning theories: Instrumental conditioning theory and the impact of biological constraints on learning (pp. 237-275). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Timberlake, W. (1989). Evolution and learning: Will we finally follow Darwin? Contemporary Psychology, 34,549-550.

Lucas, G. A., Timberlake, W., & Gawley, D. J. (1989). Learning and meal-associated drinking: Meal-related deficits produce adjustments in post prandial drinking. Physiology & Behavior, 46, 361-367.

Timberlake, W. (1990). Natural learning in laboratory paradigms. In D. A. Dewsbury (Ed.), Contemporary issues in comparative psychology (pp. 31-54). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.

Lucas, G. A., Timberlake, W., Gawley, D. J., & Drew, J. (1990). Anticipation of future food: Suppression and facilitation of saccharin intake depending on the delay and type of food. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 16, 169-177.

Peden, B. F. & Timberlake, W. (1990). Environmental influences on flank and urine marking by male and female rats (Rattus norvegicus). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 104, 122-130.

Timberlake, W. & White, W. (1990). Winning isn't everything: Rats need only food deprivation not food reward to traverse a radial arm maze efficiently. Learning and Motivation, 21, 153-163.

Timberlake, W. & Dougan, J. (1990). Trial duration weighted by frequency: A meaningful measure? Behavior Analyst, 13.

Timberlake, W. (1990). Connectionist models: Too much, too soon? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13, 508-509.

Timberlake, W. (1990). The measurement of animal suffering. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13, 38-40.

_________. (1991). Reprinted in R. M. Baird & S. E. Rosenbaum (Eds.)., Animal experimentation: The moral issues. New York: Prometheus Books.

Timberlake, W. (1991). An alternative to associationism. Science, 252, 1015-1016.

Timberlake, W. & Farmer-Dougan, V. A. (1991). Reinforcement in applied settings: Figuring out ahead of time what will work. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 379-391.

Mondloch, C. J. & Timberlake, W. (1991). The effect of food availability on growth and parental feeding in pigeons (Columba livia). Ethology, 88, 236-248.

Timberlake, W., & Lucas, G. A., (1991). Periodic water, interwater interval, and adjunctive behavior in a 24-hour multi-response environment. Animal Learning and Behavior, 19, 369-380.

Timberlake, W. & Delamater, A. R. (1991). Humility, science, and ethological behaviorism. The Behavior Analyst, 14, 37-41.

Lucas, G. A., & Timberlake, W. (1992). Negative anticipatory contrast and preference conditioning: Taste cues support preference conditioning and environmental cues support contrast. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 18, 34-40.

Timberlake, W. (1993). Animal behavior: A continuing synthesis. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 675-708.

Timberlake, W. (1993). Behavior systems and reinforcement: An integrative approach. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 60, 105-128.

Timberlake, W. (1994). Review of "Targeted. The anatomy of an animal rights attack." Animal Behavior, 47, 495-496.

Timberlake, W. & Silva, F. J. (1994). Observation of behavior, inference of function, and the study of learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1, 73-88.

White, W. & Timberlake, W. (1994). Two meals in the active period of the rat both entrain food anticipatory activity. Physiology & Behavior, 56, 17-25.

Timberlake, W. (1994). Animal-centered models of reinforcement. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 17, 153-154.

Timberlake, W. (1994). Behavior systems, associationism, and Pavlovian conditioning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1, 405-420.

Timberlake, W., & Fanselow, M. S. (1994). Behavior systems: Learning, neurophysiology, and development. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1, 403-404.

Timberlake, W. (1995). Review of "Animal Behavior: Mechanisms, Ecology, and Evolution" by L. C. Drickamer and S. H. Vessey and "Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach" by J. Alcock. Animal Behavior, 49, 1130-1131.

Timberlake, W. & Silva, K. M. (1995). Appetitive behavior in ethology, psychology, and behavior systems. In: N. Thompson (Ed.), Perspectives in Ethology (pp. 211-253). New York, NY: Plenum Press.

Timberlake, W. (1995). Reconceptualizing reinforcement: A causal system approach to reinforcement and behavior change. In W. O'Donohue & L. Krasner (Eds.), Theories in Behavior Therapy (pp. 59-96). Washington, DC: APA Books.

Timberlake, W. (1995). Contributor to R. L. Penslar (Ed.), Research ethics: Cases & materials. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

White, W. & Timberlake, W. (1995). Two meals promote entrainment of rat food-anticipatory and rest-activity rhythms. Physiology & Behavior, 57, 1067-1074.

Timberlake, W., & Engle, M. (1995). Decremental carryover effects of sucrose ingestion in the negative anticipatory contrast procedure in rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 21, 304-317.

Widman, D. R., & Timberlake, W. (1995). Two possible determinants of the timing of daily episodes of behavior in rats. Physiology & Behavior, 58, 1227-1236

Silva, F. J., Timberlake, W., & Koehler, T. L. (1996). A behavior systems approach to bidirectional excitatory conditioning. Learning and Motivation, 27, 130-150.

Timberlake, W. (1997). An animal-centered, causal-system approach to the understanding and control of behavior. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 53, 107-129.  (Abstract)

Timberlake, W. (1997). Entries on Robert Hinde, Konrad Lorenz, and Niko Tinbergen. In N. Sheehy, A. J. Chapman, & W. Conroy (Eds.), The biographical dictionary of Psychology. London: Routledge.

Timberlake, W. (1997). Review of social learning in animals: The roots of culture. Edited by C. M. Heyes & B.G. Galef, Jr. Animal Behaviour, 54, 482-484.

Silva, K. M., & Timberlake, W. (1997). A behavior systems view of response form during long and short CS-US intervals. Learning and Motivation, 28, 465-490.

Roche, J. P., Timberlake, W., & McCloud, C. (1997). Sensitivity to variability in food amount: Risk aversion is seen in discrete-choice, but not in free-choice, trials. Behaviour , 134, 1259-1272.

Timberlake, W., & Hoffman, C. M. (1998). Comparative analyses of learning. In G. Greenberg & M. Haraway (Eds.), Comparative psychology: A casebook. (pp. 553-564). New York: Garland Publishing.

Roche, J. P., & Timberlake, W. (1998). Orientation and efficiency: The influence of paths and landmarks on the foraging of norway rats (Rattus Norvegicus). Animal Learning & Behavior, 26: 76-84.  (Abstract)

Silva, F. J., Timberlake, W., & Cevik, M. O. (1998). A behavior systems approach to the expression of backward associations. Learning and Motivation, 29, 1-22.  (Abstract)

Roche, J. P., Timberlake, W., Glanz, W. E., & Stubbs, D. A. (1998). The influence of current-visit experience within a prey patch on patch persistence. Behavioral Processes. 43, 11-26.

Silva, K. M., & Timberlake, W. (1998). The organization and temporal properties of appetitive behavior in the rat. Animal Learning & Behavior., 26, 182-195.

Kosobud, A. E. K., Pecoraro, N. C., Rebec, G. V. & Timberlake, W. (1998). Circadian activity precedes daily methamphetamine injections in the rat. Neuroscience Letters, 250, 99-102.  (Abstract)

Silva, F. J., Timberlake, W., & Gont, R. S. (1998) Spatiotemporal characteristics of serial CSs and their relation to search modes and response form. Animal Learning & Behavior, 26, 299-312.

Silva, K. M., & Timberlake, W. (1998). A behavior systems view of responding during an interfood clock. Animal Learning & Behavior, 26, 313-325.  (Abstract)

Timberlake, W. (1999). Biological behaviorism. In W. O'Donohue & R. Kitchener (Ed.), Handbook of Behaviorism (pp. 243-284). San Diego: Academic Press.

White, W., & Timberlake, W. (1999). Meal-engendered circadian ensuing activity in rats. Physiology and Behavior, 65, 625-642.  (Abstract)

Silva, K.M. & Timberlake, W. (1999). Rats' behavior during an interfood clock is altered by the temporal pattern of the clock stimuli. Learning and Motivation, 30, 183-200.

Pecoraro, N., Timberlake, W., & Tinsley, M. (1999). Incentive downshifts evoke search behavior in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 25, 153-167.

Hoffman, C. M., Timberlake, W., Leffel, J., & Gont, R. (1999). How is radial-arm maze behavior elated to locomotor search tactics? Animal Learning & Behavior, 27, 426-444.  (Abstract)

Timberlake, W., Leffel, J., & Hoffman, C. M.. (1999). Stimulus control and function of arm-following by rats in a radial-arm maze on the floor. Animal Learning & Behavior, 27, 445-460.

Timberlake, W. (2000). Review of Images of Animals: Anthropomorphism and Animal Mind by Eileen Crist. Quarterly Review of Biology, 75, 85.

Silva, F. J., & Timberlake, W. (2000). A clarification of the nature of backward excitatory conditioning. Learning & Motivation, 31, 67-80.

Timberlake, W. (2000). Motivational modes in behavior systems. In R.R. Mowrer and S.B. Klein (Eds.), Handbook of contemporary learning theories. Hillsdale NJ: Erlbaum Associates.

Timberlake, W., Pecoraro, N., & Tinsley, M. (2000). An integrative approach to the modeling of behavior. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 268.

Pecoraro N., Kosobud, A. E., Rebec, G. V., & Timberlake, W. (2000). Long Tau methamphetamine schedules produce circadian ensuing drug activity in rats. Physiology and Behavior, 70, 1-12.

Widman, D. R., Gordon, D., & Timberlake, W. (2000). Response cost and time-place discrimination by rats in maze tasks. Animal Learning & Behavior, 28, 298-309.

Tinsley, M. R., Rebec, G. V., & Timberlake, W. (2000). Facilitation of preparatory behavior in an artificial prey paradigm by D1 dopamine receptor activation. Behavioural Brain Research, 114, 23-30.

Timberlake, W. (2001). Motivational modes in behavior systems. In R. R. Mowrer and S. B. Klein (Eds.), Handbook of contemporary learning theories. Hillsdale NJ: Erlbaum Associates.

Timberlake, W. (2001). Integrating niche-related and general process approaches in the study of learning. Behavioural Processes, 54, 79-94.

Timberlake, W. (2001). Constructing animal cognition. In C. Allen, M. Bekoff, & G. Burghardt (Eds.), The cognitive animal. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Tinsley, M. R, Rebec, G. V. & Timberlake, W. (2001). Facilitation of efficient search of an unbaited radial-arm maze in rats by D1, but not D2, dopamine receptors. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 70, 181-186.

Timberlake, W. (2002). Constructing animal cognition. In C. Allen, M. Bekoff, & G. Burghardt (Eds.), The cognitive animal. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Tinsley, M. R., Timberlake, W., Sitomer, M., & Widman, D. R. (in press 2002). Conditioned inhibitory effects of discriminated Pavlovian training with food are related to search modes and their repertoires. Animal Learning & Behavior.

Timberlake, W. (in press 2002). Niche-related learning in laboratory paradigms: The case of maze behavior in laboratory rats. Behavioural Brain Research.

[PubMed search for WD Timberlake publications]

Phi Beta Kappa, Pomona College
Phi Kappa Phi, University of Michigan
Honorary Faculty Associate, University of Michigan
Society of Sigma Xi, Indiana University
Poynter Exxon Fellow, 1988-89, Indiana University
American Psychological Association Fellow: Divisions 1, 3, 6, and 25
1993-99  Poynter Fellow, Indiana University
1984   Guest Editor: Constraints on Learning Issue, Learning and Motivation
1992-   Associate Editor: Animal Learning & Behavior 1992-94,1994-96,1997-2002
1999    American Psychological Society Fellow
1999    FACET Award for Excellence in Teaching, Indiana University
2000-01   Cattell Foundation Sabbatical Award  (Alternate,1994-95)
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