FINAL EXAM

1. David Hurst Thomas (2000:275) states, “This is the central question behind Skull Wars : After all these years, why do so many Indians question the value of science, anthropology and archaeology to their daily lives?” Try to answer this question. Use specific examples from the book to support your main points. (20 points)

2. What characteristics of narrative are used in writing history? What two narratives of American history does Rubertone criticize? What is her criticism of each? Which of these narrative is exemplified by the story of the Deerfield Massacre, mentioned by Keene and Chilton? What is the theme of the alternative narrative that Rubertone presents? Upon what archaeological evidence is Rubertone's narrative based? What is the theme of the alternative narrative that Keene and Chilton present? Upon what archaeological evidence is Keene and Chilton's narrative based? What is the theme of the alternative narrative that Brumfiel presented in class? Upon what archaeological evidence is Brumfiel's narrative based? (20 points)

3. Using specific examples, show how oral history can contribute to archaeology and archaeology can contribute to oral history. (20 points)

4. What do you conclude about what is ethnicity and where does it come from? Be sure to cite specific articles, films, discussions, and/or experiences that have contributed to your view of ethnicity. (20 points)

5. How have archaeological research and museums been used as social weapons? Be sure to use specific examples of archaeology being used as a social weapon both to erode and to enhance the social standing of non-European Americans in the United States. (20 points)

6. What can archaeology add to our knowledge of the experience of ethnic and racial minorities in the United States ? Be sure to give specific examples from class readings. (20 points)

7. Has the study of the history of African Americans and Native Americans in the United States changed the way that you (as a Euro-American or as an African American) think of yourself? If so, how has it changed your perspective on yourself? If not, why did it fail to have this impact? (20 points).