EXAM 3
NAME _____________________________________________________
PART 1: TRUE OR FALSE. Fill in the space left of the number with T or F; if the answer is false, write the correct answer in the space below the question (2 points each).
____1. The first Americans entered the New World some time before 12,000 B.P., and could have come by land bridge or by water around the northwest coast.
____ 2. Lanceolate, fluted projectile points such as Clovis and Folsom are diagnostic of Paleoindian culture in the New World.
____ 3. Archaeological wet sites preserve organic remains, but require additional care in excavation, such as at Ozette, Washington; Monte Verde, Chile; and the peat bog of Windover, Florida.
____ 4. The Archaic is the prehistoric cultural stage in the New World equivalent to the Mesolithic in the Old World and is characterized by postglacial foraging (hunting and gathering) represented at such archaeological sites as Carrier Mills.
____ 5. Horses and dogs were the earliest animals domesticated in the New World.
____ 6. The earliest civilization began in the Middle East and diffused to the rest of the world.
____ 7. Domestication of various species meant that people stopped hunting and gathering wild resources.
____8. Archaeological evidence of early domesticated plants in South America includes important non-food industrial crops such as cotton and coca.
____9. Prehistoric North Americans were taught how to build mounds and other elaborate architecture by ancient astronauts who left few traces.
___10. Prehistoric Woodland peoples of the eastern U.S. built earthen mounds for burying the dead and other earthworks often in the shapes of animal effigies.
___11. Native Americans of the Hopewell interaction sphere must have had extensive long-distance trade networks to move Gulf Coast shell to Ohio and other exotic materials around the eastern/midwestern U.S. from around 200 B.C. to A.D. 400.
___12. Mounds of the Woodland period often contain high-status grave goods of cut mica, copper, galena, and other unusual materials.
___13. Hohokam pithouses at Snaketown represent the earliest Mesoamerican civilization.
___14. The Olmecs made beautiful jade statues and huge carved-stone heads, and may represent a true state society emerging on the Mexican Gulf Coast some 1000 years B.C. (or may have been a widespread religious/artistic movement).
___15. The Maya were a Mesoamerican culture seen at Palenque, El Mirador, Tikal, and other centers.
___16. Mayan archaeology has moved from the realm of prehistory to historic archaeology because now we can read the glyphs of their writing system.
___17. At Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico, there are stone pyramids and a huge city representing a great civilization that was abandoned before the Aztecs arrived.
___18. The very earliest Mesoamerican civilization, known as the Aztecs, inhabited Mexico City and built Tenochtitlan.
___19. The Inca were the latest civilization in South America, with a great network of roads and bureaucracy holding their empire together.
___20. The Harappan civilization displayed sophisticated city planning and engineering, as seen at the site of Mohenjo-daro in the Indus Valley.
___21 Ancient pristine (earliest) states of Mesopotamia, such as Uruk, emerged more than 3000 years B.C.
___22. The Qin emperor of China was buried with thousands of life-sized terra-cotta warriors and horses.
PART 2: IDENTIFICATIONS. Choose five of the following to define or identify with a few short phrases; include specific examples from readings, movies, and lectures (6 points each).
Palenque
Moche
Giza
Great Zimbabwe
Poverty Point
Mesoamerican
ball game
Nazca lines
ziggurat
Minoan civilization
Chaco Canyon
Ozette
conquistador
PART 3: ESSAY. Answer one of the following with a well-organized essay that includes specific examples from readings, movies, and lectures (26 points).
1. Describe the archaeological evidence of the latest prehistoric peoples in the southeastern U.S., including Florida and such sites as Moundville, Alabama, and Cahokia, Illinois. What are the major features at such sites? Are these large sites cities? What can we infer about social and political organization, economic systems, and such? Why did these societies disappear?
2. Discuss the anthropological criteria for recognizing a true civilization (or state), then describe at least one archaeological site representative of one of the earliest human civilizations that you have learned about.
To get your corrected exam stamped with your final grade, you may drop off (in the mailbox on the door of my office, SOC 144) a stamped, self-addressed envelope for me to mail it back to you. Or come during the first week of classes in January to pick it up. EXAMS WILL BE DISCARDED on 1 February 2002.