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Resources: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Syllabus
Comparative Analysis of Landscape Archaeology Readings
ARTICLES QUESTIONS |
Cal. Missions Kryder-Reid |
NY Almshouse Baugher |
Chichén Itzá Kristan-Graham |
Cahawba Derry |
Buena Vista Nash & Children |
Munster, Ireland Delle |
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| Landscape definition | the human perception of the world in which they live | "landscape design" used but not defined—includes site layout, urban setting (proximity and visual), and gardens. "landscape imbued with social meaning ... functional and symbolic spaces" | space and architecture are both aesthetic tropes (genius loci) and a dimension of social relations | "a cultural creation with symbolic aspects" | "what space is depends on who is experiencing it and how;" "a collection of chapters that are chronologically and geographically ordered" | space is "a class of archaeologically retrievable material culture" with "three simultaneously occurring dimensions: material, social and cognitive" |
| Scale of study | California, with focus on Santa Barbara region including Spanish and Chumash cosmology | Alsmhouse site (utility corridor) and urban setting | Chichén Itzá site and the surrounding physical and symbolic terrain | Cahawba archaeological site, 24+ acres and broader river setting | Buena Vista Butte and surrounding field of vision into Blitzen Valley (microscape and macroscape) | Munster plantation (c. 600,000 acres) |
| Kinds of data | documentary record, architecture, photographs, oral history, maps, rock art, graffiti, GIS | excavated features, artifacts, drawings, maps, documentary record (court documents, Council records, newspapers, etc.) | ethnohistory, visual culture (architecture, hieroglyphs, murals, sculpture), maps, excavated features and artifacts | archaeological features, surface collections, art, documents (poems, historic speeches, ethnic jokes, maps) | rock art, personal experience | architecture, documents (deeds, maps, court records, correspondence) |
| Keywords | landscape, cosmology, Chumash, Spanish, colonialism, California mission garden | almshouse, New York City , material culture, landscape design | Chichén Itzá, Maya, genius loci, identity | interpretive archaeology, town plan, paper town | rock art, petroglyph, phenomenology, Paiute | Ireland, colonialism, spatial analysis, resistance |
| Theory | post-processual archaeology with concerns for power relations and the reifying aspects of landscape | not explicit—social history model with inferences from the material record regarding behavior, social relations, and ideology | Sense of place is connected to vision, memory, identity, and social relations. (aesthetic trope, dimension of social relations, exercise of power, notions of self and group; experiential) | "interpretive archaeology" story or narrative with changing meaning to people through time; landscapes objectify ideology | phenomenology, experience of place; landscape is constructed as we move through it; "a visual and mental narrative, invoking memory and experience" | Political-economic approach; utilizes theories of power and space employed by post-processual archaeologists; reification |
| One main idea | Landscape is one way we order our lives and make sense of our place in the world. It is also an instrument of power through control of movement, sight, and resources. In colonial conquests the contrasting ideologies of landscape mediate forces of domination and resistance. | Evidence interpreted as an indication that the almshouse was a familial and supportive institution for the "deserving poor" in New York City and reflects the policy of the city leaders toward treatment of the poor and homeless. | General plan and visual program united the sacred and mundane and through everyday movement and special rituals fostered and reproduced notions of self, family and state in both public and private venues; a sense of being and belonging. | The town plan was a "highly symbolic structure" that was maintained and modified over time with both changing meaning to its occupants and a changing narrative of its origins. | Rock art represents choosing a space and turning it into a place as part of the complex mechanism/ performance of social being and place. Personal experience of space is a valid way of knowing. |
The negotiation of spatial material culture was a means of imposing and resisting poser during the English colonization of Ireland and material remains indicate strategies of domination, resistance, and collusion |
articles questions |
Cal. Missions Kryder-Reid |
NY Almshouse Baugher |
Chichén Itza Kristan-Graham |
Cahawba Derry |
Buena Vista Nash & Children |
Munster, Ireland Delle |
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Relation of humans and the landscape
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Relevance today
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