In 1867 Hungary together with Austria was one of the world’s great powers. In 1989 it was a still a satellite of the Soviet Union. This course will discuss the turning points of its history: the rise and fall of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the origins of World War II, Sovietization, the revolution of 1956 including the US response to it and finally the international context of the collapse of the communist system in 1989/1990. We shall analyze the not only the policies of great powers: Germany, France, Great Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States towards Hungary and Central Europe in general, but also the question whether independent foreign policy is an option for small states or not.