U569 Modern Inner Mongolia
Lecture, Tuesday, Week 11

 

  1. Administrative developments:  IM autonomy reduced step by step
    1. End of Chinese Civil War (1949) deeply reduced IM autonomy
      1. During Civil War, "red areas" a coalition of bases united by ideology
        1. Areas had their own money, policy, interests--so did IM
      2. Gradual reduction of autonomy
        1. Youth being trained in CCCP schools swamps old nationalists
        2. Askhan head of IMPSDA, dies Dec. 1947, Wulanfu in charge
        3. IM People's Self-Defense Army to IM PLA
        4. Spring, 1949, IM Rev. Youth League to China's New Dem. YL
        5. Summer, 1949 gov't moved to Zhangjiakou away from base
        6. Dec. 3, 1949:  IMAG abolished, replaced by IMAR (local gov't)
      3. Oct. 1, 1949:  PRC proclaimed, as a unitary republic (no federalism)
    2. Expansion of Inner Mongolian territory
      1. In May, 1947 included HB, Naun Muren, Khinggan, Sh-G, Chakhar
        1. 1948, Jirim, Juu Uda added
        2. Resulting area about 35% Mongol
      2. Sept. 1949, Suiyuan to CCP
        1. 3 million people, about 150,000 Mongols
        2. Ulaanchab, Yekhe Juu made autonomous prefectures
        3. Included Wulanfu's homeland of Höhhot Tümeds
      3. 1954:  capital moved to Guisui, renamed Höhhot, Suiyuan annexed
        1. 1956, Alashan and Chifeng city area annexed
        2. Economic unities better preserved, but
        3. Mongol pop. drops from c. 35% to 12%
  2. Prosperity, development, and population increase, 1949-1956
    1. Slogan:  "Let Herds and People Increase Together"
      1. Mongol baby boom, fertility transition
      2. Wolf extermination, enclosures, fodder-cutting, wells dug, vet. stations
    2. Han Immigration
      1. Traditional agricultural immigration
        1. 1949-1952:  1 million ha new cultivation; grain up 64.1%
      2. New immigration:  cadres, professionals, const. & industrial workers
        1. 1955-56:  banner centers on steppe>>new towns
        2. Jan 4, 1956:  railway from Jining to Eriyenkhota/Erlian:  new town
  3. Renewed relations with Mongolian People's Republic
    1. Top level diplomatic relations
      1. In Moscow, Nov. 1949, Mao asks for OM back, rebuffed
      2. Sends Jiyaatai (IM Tümed Communist) as 1st PRC ambassador to UB
      3. After Choibalsang dies, relations warm
        1. Sept, 1952, MPR PM, Yu. Tsedenbal to Beijing > exchange treaty
        2. 1954 Stalin dies, Mao asks Khrushchev for OM back, rebuffed
        3. Jiyaatai replaced by career diplomat
      4. 1954-1958, height of PRC/MPR friendship
        1. Nov., 1954, Wulanfu speaks at MPRP party congress
        2. 1955:  Economic aid, PRC will send guest workers to MPR
        3. MPR establishes consulate in Höhhot
        4. Trans-Mongolian railway completed, 1956
        5. Inner Mongols start Cyrillicization program