Prerequisites: P101 and P102, or P151 and P152, or P106 Recommended: P211, P325 or P326 or Introductory Biology would be helpful. Research and theory concerning the factors that cause and/or direct behavior in human and nonhuman animals. Topics include: basic philosophical issues, the evolutionary and neural bases of motivational processes, and the contributions of learning, emotion, development,cognition, and social factors.