G131 HOME
INFORMATION
SCHEDULE
RESOURCES
EXERCISES
NOTES
Links to summaries of key issues for each topic
PREAMBLE
Introduction
History
PART I
Water Planet
Plate Tectonics
Sea Floor
Review 1
Physical Prop.
Chemistry
Ocean Stuct.
PART II
Atmosphere
Currents
Review 2
Waves
Tides
PART III
Coasts/Beaches
Environ. for Life
Production
Plankton
Nekton
Benthos
Environ. Issues
VISUALS

Links to images employed in lectures
TEXT
Link to chapter outlines at online learning center
 
THIRD REVIEW SESSION

Notes on Exam:

  • Time and Venue: 11:15am on November 25 in GY126 .
  • Examinations can be taken only at the scheduled time, excepting extenuating circumstances. 
  • Communication about exam scheduling is critical.  A make-up test is possible for students who provide adequate notification of scheduling conflicts.
  • Late arrivals will not be allowed extra time to finish exams.
  • Material covered: Chapters 7 (part), chapters 8-10 and part of Chapter 11
    • Seawater Chemistry (part)
    • Atmospheric Circulation
    • Ocean Circulation
    • Wave Dynamics and Wind Waves
    • Tsunami and Seiches (from Ch. 11)
  • Exams #1, #2 and #3 will comprise:
    • Three multiple part, short answer questions, of which two should be answered.
    • Seven multiple choice questions, plus two bonus questions.
    • Total points available: 55, but graded out of 45
 Chapter 7. Seawater Chemistry
Learning Objectives: Understanding of Fundamental Concepts
  • The controls on ocean salinity exerted by evaporation and precipitation.
  • Local influences on salinity from freshwater, meltwater and basin isolation. 
  • The concentrations of dissolved salts as major, minor, and trace constituents. 
  • The conservative or non-conservative behavior of salts, dependent on biology.
  • The constant proportions of salts and the relation of salinity to chlorinity. 
  • Dissolution and exsolving of gases at the air-water interface.
  • The influence of photosynthesis and respiration on CO 2 and O2 concentrations.
  • pH buffering of seawater by CO2 and the biological pump of CO2 to deep ocean.
  • The biological demand for nutrient (nitrate, NO 3- and phosphate, PO43- ).
  • Seawater desalination by freezing or evaporation, ion exchange, electrodialysis or reverse osmosis.
Terminology and Details: Specific Components of the Topic
  • Typical marine salinity: ~35%o; highest at mid latitudes (~25°) 
  • Salts: major ions (>99% total) Cl¯, Na +, SO42¯, Mg 2+, Ca2+, K +
  • Residence times: amount present/removal rate, Na 260Ma, Al 100a 
  • Variations in gas solubility: N2 < O2 < CO2
  • The affects of photosynthesis and respiration on gas depth profiles
  • Compensation depth: rate of production = rate of respiration
  • CO2 controls pH (acidity); seawater pH range: 7.5 - 8.5, ave. 7.8 
  • Seawater as resource: salt, Mg, Br and water

 
  
 
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