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Department of History and Philosophy of Science
HPS Area Certificate
This program is intended to address the current crisis in American
science education arising from increasing specialization and
compartmentalization within the sciences, on the one hand, and general
technical and scientific illiteracy outside the sciences, on the other. By
developing a new interdisciplinary and multi-disciplinary program open to
both undergraduates majoring in the sciences and undergraduates majoring
in the humanities we aim to give all undergraduates at Indiana University
a unique opportunity to bridge the ever widening gap between the notorious
"two cultures." The program is organized and administered within the
Department of History and Philosophy of Science, but it also involves a
wide spectrum of other units across the University, such as, for example,
the Departments of Anthropology, Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science,
English, History, Mathematics, Philosophy, Physics, Psychology, Religious
Studies, and Sociology, and the Schools of Business, Education,
Journalism, and Public and Environmental Affairs. In this way, the program
involves several different tracks integrating the sciences and the
humanities in a variety of ways: (1) medicine and health; (2) science
writing, literature, and literacy; (3) science, technology, and the
environment; (4) science, computation, and information; (5) science and
pseudo-science. These five tracks have been developed in consultation with
a variety of units at IU. They represent the areas where we perceive the
greatest student need and demand, and at the same time, they cover the
wide-ranging interests of the HPSC faculty.
The program for the certificate consists of 25 credit hours—24 hours
of course work divided into eight 3 credit courses, with an extra credit
hour given for participation in a multi-disciplinary seminar and
colloquium series. Admission to the program is open to all students
enrolled at IU. Four of the courses, totaling 12 credit hours, will be in
the Department of History and Philosophy of Science, and the remaining
four, also totaling 12 credit hours, will be spread across the other
curricular units involved in the program in accordance with the chosen
track. Those electing track (1) in medicine and health, for example, may
count designated courses in History, Philosophy, or Religious Studies, as
well as designated courses taught in Biology and/or Chemistry; those
electing track (2) in science writing, literature, and literacy may count
designated courses in English and/or Journalism; and so on. Not more than
one of the courses counted for a student's major will also be eligible to
count within the area certificate. The faculty Director of the program is
responsible for advising and mentoring the students through the system of
tracks and monitoring their progress.
In the Department of History and Philosophy of Science the core of the
program consists of a thematic introduction to the History of Science and
Medicine, required for all students participating in the program, which is
offered every semester under the presently existing course number X102.
The remaining three courses in the Department of History and Philosophy of
Science will be distributed across various levels (at least one at the 300
level or above) and adapted to the various tracks. At the 100 level, for
example, appropriate College of Arts and Sciences Topics courses taught by faculty members in the
Department will serve this function well. Thus E104 on "Medicine and
History" would be an appropriate introduction to track (1) on medicine and
health. Particular versions of our own introductory topics course, X100,
can also be adapted to the various tracks. For example, we have offered
"Ethics and the Natural World" under this number, which can count as a
suitable introduction to track (3) on science, technology, and the
environment.
The certificate program within the Department will thus consist of the
core Introduction to the History of Science and Medicine (specially
designed X102), and three other courses, one of which must be at least at
the 300 level. The core course will focus on selected themes in the
history of science and medicine from antiquity through the modern period.
These will include crucial episodes ranging from the birth of Hippocratic
medicine and preSocratic natural philosophy to the origin of nuclear
physics and the human genome project. Four courses from other relevant
units, adapted to the particular track elected by the student in question,
will then complete the program. In the non-HPSC courses, we require, once
again, that at least one be at the 300 level or above. Overall, moreover,
we require that at least four courses (including both HPSC and non-HPSC
courses) will be at the 300/400 level. The main criterion in the selection
of the courses for each track is intellectual coherence, as exemplified in
the following models.
Track 1. Life Sciences, Health, and Disease
This track will appeal to pre-medical students and other students with
an interest in the philosophical and historical dimensions of the medical
sciences. It will benefit those students by adding a humanistic dimension
to their studies. We also hope that it will provide an additional element
of intellectual coherence to pre-medical studies.
Many existing courses serve the needs of students following this track:
- HPSC X102: General Introduction to the History of Science and
Medicine
- COLL Topics E104: Medicine in History
- COLL Topics E103: Religion, Medicine, and Suffering
- COLL Topics E104: The Mad and the Bad
- Sociology S101: Topic: "Medicine in America: Physicians, Patients
and their Problems
- History H213: The Black Death
- History J200: Medicine and War
- HPSC X205: Introduction to Medical History
- HPSC H205: [Honors Division] Medicine in the Scientific Revolution
- HPSC X308 History of Biology
- History T300: A History of American Medicine
- History C380: History of Ancient Medicine
- Sociology S410: The Social Roots of Health and Illness
Additional courses creditable to this track include offerings in
Chemistry, Biology, Medical Sciences, topical offerings from the School of
Nursing and the School of HPER, Philosophy (especially courses relevant to
medical ethics, such as P242 and P345), Sociology (especially S101, S102,
S324, S321), Religious Studies (especially R373), History, and Women's
Studies.
Track 2. Science, Communication, and the Public
This track will serve as a way for HPSC to accommodate students with
literary interests. The English Department already has a number of
students interested in the broad topic of science and literature: a
formalized track for such students in HPSC will serve as an important
complement to their major. In addition, the School of Journalism has a
number of students interested in science writing.
- HPSC X102: General Introduction to the History of Science and
Medicine
- HPSC X100: Science, Fiction, and Philosophy
- Fall: COLL Topics E104: Voyages of Scientific Discovery
- English L141: Science, Society, and the Self
- Sociology S101: "Media in Society" or "Media Culture"
- English L230: Science Fiction
- HPSC X200: Understanding Scientific Reasoning
- English W350: Gender, Race, and the Rhetoric of Science
- HPSC X370: Science and Gender
Additional courses creditable to this track include offerings in
English (such as L208 and L249 when topic includes science or medicine),
History, Sociology, Women's Studies, topical courses from the School of
Education and the School of Journalism, and appropriate related science
offerings.
Track 3. Technology, Science Policy, and the Environment
This track focuses on the growing area of environmental studies.
Students in SPEA, Biology, Sociology, and the School of Education will be
interested in courses dealing with the philosophical and historical
dimensions of conservation, ecology, and the consequences of environmental
degradation. Current offerings include:
- HPSC X102: General Introduction to the History of Science and
Medicine
- HPSC X100: Ethics and the Natural World
- Sociology S102: Science and its Social Problems
- HPSC X222: Big Science in the Twentieth Century
- HPSC X220: History of Technology
- E300: Introduction to Environmental Sciences
- HPSC X355: History of Ecology
- SPEA H316: Introduction to Environmental Health
- Biology L369: Heredity, Evolution, and Society
- Business Law L409: Law and the Environment
Additional courses creditable to this track include offerings in
Biology, Chemistry, Geology, Religious Studies (especially B300),
Philosophy (such as P240, P242, relevant to ethical issues), Sociology,
History (H106, providing background on American History), and SPEA.
Track 4. Physics, Computation, and Cognition
This track covers a broad range of interests in computation and
cognitive science. The sample presented here is geared toward the
philosophical issues surrounding artificial intelligence, but the track
will also have appeal for those with an interest in the history and
philosophy of computation or cognitive science more generally. Current
offerings include:
- HPSC X102: General Introduction to the History of Science and
Medicine
- HPSC X100: Imaging Reality
- Psychology P201: Biological Bases of Human Behavior
- HPSC X200: Scientific Reasoning
- Cognitive Science Q301: Brain and Cognition
- HPSC X309: History of Statistics and Probability Theory
- Cognitive Science Q350: Programming Methods for Cognitive Science
- HPSC X395: Minds, Brains, and Computers
- Computer Science B351 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
- Philosophy P360 Introduction to Philosophy of Mind
Additional courses creditable to this track include offerings in
Cognitive Science, Computer Science, Psychology (especially courses such
as P335 and P408 relevant to cognitive science), and Philosophy,
especially when dealing with cognitive science issues (P366 Philosophy of
Action).
Track 5. Science, Religion, and Magic
This track will accommodate the large number of students who already
take our courses in the history and philosophical implications of the
pseudo-sciences. This is a growing area of inquiry in HPS, and one where
our Department has already made a substantial impact at IU. The student
population for this track is likely to be diverse, although one can
predict an interest on the part of History students, as well as those in
Religious Studies and Anthropology. Current offerings include:
- HPSC X102: General Introduction to the History of Science and Medicine
- HPSC X100: Ancient Science and Modern Superstition
- Anthropology E105: Culture and Society
- HPSC X207: The Occult in Western Civilization
- HPSC X220: The History of Astrology
- History H206: Medieval Civilization
- History B353: The Renaissance
- Anthropology E307: Shamanism and Spirit Possession
- HPSC X320: Religion and Science
Additional courses creditable to this track include offerings in
Anthropology, Astronomy, Psychology, Religious Studies, Sociology,
History, especially courses proving a background to the worldviews and
horizons of different civilizations and periods emphasizing the shifting
boundaries between science and pseudo-science.
All courses taught in HPSC will automatically be eligible for credit
within the area certificate, in accordance with the requirements outlined
above, and conditional upon their acceptance by the HPSC Certificate
Program Director. Some courses in other departments
may be taken to fulfill the non-HPSC part of a student's track. The precise
courses to be counted for credit will be determined in consultation with
the HPSC faculty director in accordance with the above model.
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