Indiana
University, Department of Geological Sciences
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Chen
Zhu ·
Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University ·
Post-doctoral Fellowship, Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution |
Awards and
Honors:
·
Fulbright Scholar, 2008-09
·
The John Hem Excellence in Science
and Engineering Award, National Ground Water Association, 2006
·
Lilly Freshman Learning Project
Fellow (teaching), Indiana University, 2006
·
Fellow, Geological Society of
America, 2005
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Guest Professorship, Swiss Federal
Institute of Technology (ETH), Switzerland, 2004
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Senior Associateship Award, National
Research Council, the National Academy of Sciences, 2003
·
Post-doctoral Fellowship, Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution, 1991-92
·
Gilman Fellowship, J. Brian Eby
Fellowship, Waters Fellowship, Bauernschmidt Fellowship, The Johns Hopkins
Univ., 1987-90
·
H. V. Ellsworth Prize in Mineralogy,
University of Toronto, 1985-87
Research
Interest & Expertise
Water is
essential to life, and is a powerful agent in geological processes. I study
water-rock interactions. As water flows through rocks, it reacts with
subsurface minerals, organic materials, and micro-organisms. Through these
reactions, groundwater acquires chemical constituents and isotopic signatures.
These chemical reactions are a key component of the interactions between the
Earth's hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere.
My students,
collaborators, and I have measured chemical concentrations and isotope ratios
in waters from many parts of the world, and have examined rocks and minerals
that have interacted with water using electron microscopes and spectrometers.
We have conducted controlled laboratory experiments to isolate the cause and
effect, evaluated thermodynamic and kinetics properties of minerals and fluids,
and used numerical geochemical and mass transport models to interpret the lab
and field data in terms of reaction rates, groundwater ages, recharge rates to
aquifers, the relationship between paleo-climate and paleo-hydrogeology, water
resources, the safety of nuclear waste geological repository, storage of carbon
dioxide in deep geological formations, and fate and transport of contaminants
in the environment. Our research has been continuously supported by the National
Science Foundation, Department of Energy, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
For more
specialized description, see also the site for my service as an Associate
Editor to Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta http://gca.wustl.edu/information/associate.html#Zhu
Books
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Zhu, C. and Greg Anderson (2002), Environmental Applications of
Geochemical Modeling. Cambridge University Press, London, ISBN
0-521-80907-X; 0-521-00577-9 (pb), 304 p. |
Selected Publications (‡student
authors)
Water-Rock-Gas
Interactions
Zhu, C., and ‡Lu, P. (2009) Alkali Feldspar Dissolution and
Secondary Mineral Precipitation in Batch Systems: 3. Saturation States of
Product Minerals and Reaction Paths. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2009.03.015.
Georg, R. B., Zhu, C. Reynolds, R.C., and Halliday, A.N. (2009) Stable silicon
isotopes of groundwater, feldspars, and clay coatings in the Navajo Sandstone
aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona, USA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v.73,
229-2241.
Fu,
Q., P ‡Lu, H. ‡Konishi, R. Dilmore,
H. Xu, W. E. Seyfried, Jr., and C. Zhu.
(2009) Coupled alkali-feldspar Dissolution and Secondary Mineral Precipitation
in Batch Systems: 1. New Experimental Data at 200°C and 300 bars. Chemical
Geology, 91(3), 955-964.
Hu, J, Duan, Z, Zhu, C., and
Chou, I., (2007) PVTx properties of the CO2-H2O and CO2-H2O-NaCl
systems below 647K: Assessment of experimental data and thermodynamic models. Chemical
Geology, v. 238,
p.249-267. [pdf]
Ganor, J., ‡Lu, P., ‡Zheng, Z., and Zhu, C., (2007) Bridging the gap
between laboratory measurements and field estimations of weathering using
simple calculations. Environmental Geology. DOI
10.1007/s00254-007-0675-0. [pdf]
Duan, Z.,
Sun, R, Liu, R, and Zhu, C. (2007) Accurate thermodynamic model for H2S
solubility in pure water and brines. Energy & Fuels, v. 21,
2056-2065.
‡Hereford, A. G.,
Keating, E., Guthrie, G., Zhu, C., (2007) Reactions and reaction rates
in the regional aquifer beneath Pajarito Plateau, north-central New Mexico. Environmental
Geology, v. 52, No. 5, DOI: 10.1007/s00254-006-0539-z. [pdf]
Duan, Z., Sun, R., Zhu, C. and Chou, I., (2006) An improved model for
the calculation of CO2 solubility in aqueous solutions containing Na+,
K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-.
Marine Chemistry v.98, 131-139.
Zhu, C., Veblen, D.R., Blum, A.E, Chipera, S. (2006) Naturally weathered
feldspar surfaces in the Navajo Sandstone aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona:
Electron microscopic characterization. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
v. 70, no.18, 4600-4616, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.013. [pdf]
Zhu, C. (2005) Feldspar dissolution in saturated aquifers: In situ
rates. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta v. 69, No.6, 1435-1453. [pdf]
Zhu, C., A.E. Blum, D.R. Veblen (2004) Feldspar dissolution rates and
clay precipitation in the Navajo aquifer at Black Mesa, Arizona, USA. Proceedings
of the 11th Water/Rock Interaction Conference, Saratoga Springs, New York,
pp. 895-899. [pdf]
Zhu, C., and W.M. Murphy, (2000), On radiocarbon dating of ground water.
Ground Water. v. 38, no. 6, pp. 802-804. [pdf]
Zhu, C., Xu, Huifang, Ilton, E., Veblen, D., Henry, D., Tivey, M.K., and
Thompson, G. (1994) TEM-AEM observations of high-Cl biotite and amphibole and
possible petrological implications. American Mineralogist v.79,
pp.909-920.
Zhu, C. (1993) New pH sensor for hydrothermal fluids. Geology v.
21, pp. 983-986.
Zhu, C. and D.A. Sverjensky, Partitioning of F-Cl-OH between minerals
and hydrothermal fluids. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta v. 55,
1837-1858, 1991.
Zhu, C. and D. A. Sverjensky, F-Cl-OH partitioning between apatite and
biotite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta v. 56, 3435-3467, 1992.
Climate
Change & Water Resources, Carbon Sequestration
Dilmore, R., ‡Lu, P., Soong, Y. , Allen, Hedges, H., Fu, J. K., Dobbs, C.,
Degalbo, A., Zhu, C. , (2008) Sequestration of CO2 in
mixtures of bauxite residue and saline waste water. Energy & Fuels,
v 22, No.1, p.343-353.
Duan, Z.,
Sun, R, Liu, R, and Zhu, C. (2007) Accurate thermodynamic model for H2S
solubility in pure water and brines. Energy & Fuels, v. 21,
2056-2065.
Hu, J, Duan,
Z, Zhu, C., and Chou, I., (2007) PVTx properties of the CO2-H2O
and CO2-H2O-NaCl systems below 647K: Assessment of
experimental data and thermodynamic models. Chemical Geology, v. 238, p.249-267. [pdf]
Duan,
Z., Sun, R., Zhu, C. and Chou, I., (2006) An improved model for the
calculation of CO2 solubility in aqueous solutions containing Na+,
K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-.
Marine Chemistry v.98, 131-139.
Strazisar, B. R., Zhu, C., and Hedges, S. W., (2006) Preliminary
modeling of the long-term fate of CO2 following injection into deep
geological formations. Environmental Geosciences v.13, no.1, 1-15, 2006.
[pdf]
Soong, Y., Allen, D.E., McCarthy-Jone, J.R., Harrison D.K., Hedges, S.H.,
Baltrus, J.P., and Zhu, C., (2004) Preliminary experimental results of
CO2 sequestration with brine. Proceedings of the 11th
International Symposium on Water/Rock Interaction WRI-11, June 27-2 July
2004, Saratoga Springs, New York, 597-600.
Zhu, C., Winterle, J. R., and Love, E. I., (2003) Estimate of
Pleistocene and Holocene recharge rates from the chloride mass balance method
and chloride-36 data. Water Resources Research, v.39(7), 1182. [pdf]
Zhu, C., 2000, Estimate of recharge from radiocarbon dating of
groundwater and numerical flow and transport modeling, Water Resources
Research, v.36, No. 9, 2607-2620. [pdf]
Zhu, C., Waddell, R. K., Star, I., and Ostrander, M., Responses of
groundwater in the Black Mesa basin, northeastern Arizona to paleoclimatic
changes during late Pleistocene and Holocene. Geology v. 26, 127-130,
1998.
Nuclear
Waste Disposal, Metal and Metalloid Contamination in the Environment
Uranium,
Acid Mine drainage
‡Yang, C., Park, M., and Zhu, C., (2007) A Method for
Estimating In Situ Reaction Rates from Push-Pull Experiments for Arbitrary
Solute Background Concentrations. Environmental
Geosciences and Engineering, v. 13, no.4, p.345-354.
Stubbs, J.
E., Elbert, D. C., Veblen, D. R., Zhu, C., (2006) Electron microbeam
investigation of uranium-contaminated soils from Oak Ridge, TN, USA. Environmental
Science & Technology 40, 2108-2113, 2006. [pdf]
Jin, Q. Z. ‡Zheng,
and Zhu, C. (2006) A bioenergetics-kinetics coupled modeling study on
subsurface microbial metabolism in a field biostimulation experiment. B53B-0343
EOS Trans. AGU fall meeting Suppl..
‡Reeder, M., Zhu,
C., (2005) Determination of in situ reaction rates as a result of
biostimulation at the Field Research Center, Oak Ridge, TN. Geological
Society of America Abstr. with Programs, v. 37, no. 7, p. 381.
Zhu, C., (2003) A case against Kd-based transport model:
Natural attenuation at a mill tailings site, Computer & Geosciences,
v.29, 351-359. [pdf]
Zhu, C., Anderson, G. M., and Burden, D. S. (2002) Natural attenuation
reactions at a uranium mill tailings site, western USA, Ground Water, v.
40, no. 1-2, 5-13.
Zhu, C. (2002) Estimation of surface precipitation constants from linear
free energy correlation, Chemical Geology vol. 188, 23-32. [pdf]
Zhu, C., and Burden, D.S., 2001, Mineralogical compositions of aquifer
matrix as necessary initial conditions in reactive contaminant transport
models, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology v. 51 no. 3-4, 145-161. [pdf]
Penn, R.L., Zhu, C., Xu, H., and Veblen, D.R. (2001), "Iron
oxide" coatings on sand grains from the Atlantic coastal plain: HRTEM
characterization, Geology, v. 29, no. 9, 843-846. [pdf]
Zhu, C., F. Q. Hu, and D. S. Burden (2001), Multi-component reactive
transport modeling of natural attenuation of an acid ground water plume at a
uranium mill tailings site. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 52, no.
1-2, 85-108. [pdf]
Radium
(NORM)
Zhu, C. (2004) Coprecipitation in the barite isostructural family: 1.
Binary mixing properties. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta v. 68, No.16,
3327-3337. [pdf]
Zhu, C. (2004) Coprecipitation in the Barite Isostructural Family: 2
Numerical simulations of precipitation kinetics and reactive transport. Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta v. 68, No.16, 3339-3349. [pdf]
Zinc
‡Martin, S, Zhu, C., Rule, J., Nuhfer, N. T., Ford,
R., Hedges, S. Yee, S. (2005) A high resolution TEM-AEM, pH titration, and
modeling study of Zn2+ coprecipitation with ferrihydrite. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta v. 69, No.6, 1543-1553. [pdf]
Lead
Zhu, C., Nuhfer, N. T., and ‡Lu, Peng, Kelly, Pb2+ coprecipitation with iron oxyhydroxide
nano-particles. In preparation
Kelly, S., ‡Lu, P., Newville, M.G., Bolin, T., Chattopadhyay, S.,
Shibata, T., Zhu, C., (2008) Molecular structure of Lead (II)
coprecipitated with Iron(III) oxyhydroxide. Chapter 3 in Adsorption of
Metals by Geomedia II: Variables, Mechanisms, and Model Applications. M.
Barnett and D. Kent (ed.), pp. 69-96, Developments in Earth & Environmental
Sciences 7, Elsevier.
Arsenic
Zheng Z. Zhu, C., Arsenic
Eh-pH and Solubility Diagrams at 25 oC and 1 bar. In preparation.