Indiana University, Department of Geological Sciences
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Chen Zhu Hydrogeology and Geochemistry Associate Professor of Geological Sciences Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Public and Environmental Affairs Phone: (812) 856-1884 Fax: (812) 856-2223 Email: chenzhu @ indiana.edu Education:
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Awards and Honors:
- Fulbright Scholar, 2008-09
- The John Hem Excellence in Science and Engineering Award, National Ground Water Association, 2006
- Lilly Freshman Learning Project Fellow (teaching), Indiana University, 2006
- Fellow, Geological Society of America, 2005
- Guest Professorship, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Switzerland, 2004
- Senior Associateship Award, National Research Council, the National Academy of Sciences, 2003
- Post-doctoral Fellowship, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1991-92
- Gilman Fellowship, J. Brian Eby Fellowship, Waters Fellowship, Bauernschmidt Fellowship, The Johns Hopkins Univ., 1987-90
- H. V. Ellsworth Prize in Mineralogy, University of Toronto, 1985-87
Research Interest & Expertise
Water is essential to life, and is a powerful agent in geological processes. I study water-rock interactions. As water flows through rocks, it reacts with subsurface minerals, organic materials, and micro-organisms. Through these reactions, groundwater acquires chemical constituents and isotopic signatures. These chemical reactions are a key component of the interactions between the Earth's hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere.
My students, collaborators, and I have measured chemical concentrations and isotope ratios in waters from many parts of the world, and have examined rocks and minerals that have interacted with water using electron microscopes and spectrometers. We have conducted controlled laboratory experiments to isolate the cause and effect, evaluated thermodynamic and kinetics properties of minerals and fluids, and used numerical geochemical and mass transport models to interpret the lab and field data in terms of reaction rates, groundwater ages, recharge rates to aquifers, the relationship between paleo-climate and paleo-hydrogeology, water resources, the safety of nuclear waste geological repository, storage of carbon dioxide in deep geological formations, and fate and transport of contaminants in the environment. Our research has been continuously supported by the National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
For more specialized description, see also the site for my service as an Associate Editor to Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta http://gca.wustl.edu/information/associate.html#Zhu
Books
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Zhu, C. and Greg Anderson (2002), Environmental Applications of Geochemical Modeling. Cambridge University Press, London, ISBN 0-521-80907-X; 0-521-00577-9 (pb), 304 p. (Click here for the book webpage) |
Selected Publications
Geochemical Modeling of Water-Rock-Gas Interactions
Ganor, J., Lu, P., Zheng, Z., and Zhu, C., (2007) Bridging the gap between laboratory measurements and field estimations of weathering using simple calculations. Environmental Geology. DOI 10.1007/s00254-007-0675-0. [pdf]
Duan, Z., Sun, R, Liu, R, and Zhu, C. (2007) Accurate thermodynamic model for H2S solubility in pure water and brines. Energy & Fuels, v. 21, 2056-2065.
Hereford, A. G., Keating, E., Guthrie, G., Zhu, C., (2007) Reactions and reaction rates in the
regional aquifer beneath Pajarito Plateau, north-central New Mexico. Environmental Geology, v. 52, No. 5, DOI: 10.1007/s00254-006-0539-z. [pdf]
Duan, Z., Sun, R., Zhu, C. and Chou, I., (2006) An improved model for the calculation of CO2 solubility in aqueous solutions containing Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-.
Marine Chemistry v.98, 131-139.
Zhu, C., D.R., Blum, A.E, Chipera, S. (2006) Naturally weathered feldspar surfaces in the Navajo Sandstone aquifer, Black Mesa, Arizona: Electron microscopic characterization.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta v. 70, no.18, 4600-4616, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.013. [pdf]
Zhu, C. (2005) Feldspar dissolution in saturated aquifers: In situ rates.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta v. 69, No.6, 1435-1453. [pdf]
Zhu, C., A.E. Blum, D.R. Veblen (2004) Feldspar dissolution rates and clay precipitation in the Navajo aquifer at Black Mesa, Arizona, USA.
Proceedings of the 11th Water/Rock Interaction Conference, Saratoga Springs, New York, pp. 895-899. [pdf]
Zhu, C., and W.M. Murphy, (2000), On radiocarbon dating of ground water.
Ground Water. v. 38, no. 6, pp. 802-804. [pdf]
Zhu, C., Xu, Huifang, Ilton, E., Veblen, D., Henry, D., Tivey, M.K., and Thompson, G. (1994) TEM-AEM observations of high-Cl biotite and amphibole and possible petrological implications.
American Mineralogist v.79, pp.909-920.
Zhu, C. (1993) New pH sensor for hydrothermal fluids. Geology v. 21, pp. 983-986.
Zhu, C. and D.A. Sverjensky, Partitioning of F-Cl-OH between minerals and hydrothermal fluids.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta v. 55, 1837-1858, 1991.
Zhu, C. and D. A. Sverjensky, F-Cl-OH partitioning between apatite and biotite.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta v. 56, 3435-3467, 1992.
Climate Change & Water Resources, Carbon Sequestration
Duan, Z., Sun, R, Liu, R, and Zhu, C. (2007) Accurate thermodynamic model for H2S solubility in pure water and brines. Energy & Fuels, v. 21, 2056-2065.
Hu, J, Duan, Z, Zhu, C., and Chou, I., (2007) PVTx properties of the CO2-H2O and CO2-H2O-NaCl systems below 647K: Assessment of experimental data and thermodynamic models. Chemical Geology, v. 238, p.249-267. [pdf]
Duan, Z., Sun, R., Zhu, C. and Chou, I., (2006) An improved model for the calculation of CO2 solubility in aqueous solutions containing Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42-.
Marine Chemistry v.98, 131-139.
Strazisar, B. R., Zhu, C., and Hedges, S. W., (2006) Preliminary modeling of the long-term fate of CO2 following injection into deep geological formations.
Environmental Geosciences v.13, no.1, 1-15, 2006. [pdf]
Soong, Y., Allen, D.E., McCarthy-Jone, J.R., Harrison D.K., Hedges, S.H., Baltrus, J.P., and Zhu, C., (2004) Preliminary experimental results of CO2 sequestration with brine.
Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Water/Rock Interaction WRI-11, June 27-2 July 2004, Saratoga Springs, New York, 597-600.
Zhu, C., Winterle, J. R., and Love, E. I., (2003) Estimate of Pleistocene and Holocene recharge rates from the chloride mass balance method and chloride-36 data.
Water Resources Research, v.39(7), 1182. [pdf]
Zhu, C., 2000, Estimate of recharge from radiocarbon dating of groundwater and numerical flow and transport modeling,
Water Resources Research, v.36, No. 9, 2607-2620. [pdf]
Zhu, C., Waddell, R. K., Star, I., and Ostrander, M., Responses of groundwater in the Black Mesa basin, northeastern Arizona to paleoclimatic changes during late Pleistocene and Holocene.
Geology v. 26, 127-130, 1998.
Nuclear Waste Disposal, Metal and Metalloid Contamination in the Environment
Uranium, Acid Mine drainage
Stubbs, J. E., Elbert, D. C., Veblen, D. R., Zhu, C., (2006) Electron microbeam investigation of uranium-contaminated soils from Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
Environmental Science & Technology 40, 2108-2113, 2006. [pdf]
Jin, Q. Z. Zheng, and Zhu, C. (2006) A bioenergetics-kinetics coupled modeling study on subsurface microbial metabolism in a field biostimulation experiment. B53B-0343
EOS Trans. AGU fall meeting Suppl..
Reeder, M., Zhu, C., (2005) Determination of in situ reaction rates as a result of biostimulation at the Field Research Center, Oak Ridge, TN.
Geological Society of America Abstr. with Programs, v. 37, no. 7, p. 381.
Zhu, C., (2003) A case against Kd-based transport model: Natural attenuation at a mill tailings site,
Computer & Geosciences, v.29, 351-359. [pdf]
Zhu, C., Anderson, G. M., and Burden, D. S. (2002) Natural attenuation reactions at a uranium mill tailings site, western USA,
Ground Water, v. 40, no. 1-2, 5-13.
Zhu, C. (2002) Estimation of surface precipitation constants from linear free energy correlation,
Chemical Geology vol. 188, 23-32. [pdf]
Zhu, C., and Burden, D.S., 2001, Mineralogical compositions of aquifer matrix as necessary initial conditions in reactive contaminant transport models,
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology v. 51 no. 3-4, 145-161. [pdf]
Penn, R.L., Zhu, C., Xu, H., and Veblen, D.R. (2001), "Iron oxide" coatings on sand grains from the Atlantic coastal plain: HRTEM characterization,
Geology, v. 29, no. 9, 843-846. [pdf]
Zhu, C., F. Q. Hu, and D. S. Burden (2001), Multi-component reactive transport modeling of natural attenuation of an acid ground water plume at a uranium mill tailings site.
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 52, no. 1-2, 85-108. [pdf]
Radium (NORM)
Zhu, C. (2004) Coprecipitation in the Barite Isostructural Family: 2 Numerical simulations of precipitation kinetics and reactive transport. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta v. 68, No.16, 3339-3349. [pdf]
Zinc
Lead
Kelly, S., Lu, P., Newville, M.G., Bolin, T., Chattopadhyay, S., Shibata, T., Zhu, C., (2008) Molecular structure of Lead (II) coprecipitated with Iron(III) oxyhydroxide. Chapter 3 in Adsorption of Metals by Geomedia II: Variables, Mechanisms, and Model Applications. M. Barnett and D. Kent (ed.), pp. 69-96, Developments in Earth & Environmental Sciences 7, Elsevier.
Arsenic
Antimony
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