Turkmenistan

1. Human rights in CIS and Central Asia (CON'T from Side 1).

2. Folk song

3. Role of US in Yugoslavia.

4. Current situation in Afghanistan.

5. Peace and Security in East and Central Europe

6. Times and channels for RL braodcasts

1. Recitation from Quran and translation.

2. News from Turkmenistan. Discussion on Niyazov's speech about economic partners, resources, reforms, transportation.

3. Foreign press on Turkmenistan. Economic crisis in CIS states.

4. Stationing of Russ troops in Geo/Armenia/Azerbaijan. Economic crisis in CIS states.

5. Review of foreign press/Crimean elections.

1. Review of foreign press/Crimean elections (CON'T from Side 1).

2. Godl production in Kazakstan. Productoin to increase to help back currency.

3. 15th anniversary of revolution in Iran. Review and analysis of French newspaper article; current social and economic unrest.

4. Human rights in Central Asia. US state dept report.

1. Interview w/ religious figure (Ahun) part 3. Discussion of the translation of Islamic texts into Turkmen

2. News from Turkmenistan. Clinton thanks Niyazov for sympathy on mother's death; Turkish PM thanks Niyazov for her trip to Turkmenistan; Conference in Ashgabat; Economic relations w/ Japan; Group of US medical specialists visit.

3. Need for environmental protection in Turkmenistan. Local clean-up of cemetary used as example; need for organized admin body to direct environomental protection; role of environmental issues inelections (Turkey); use of taxes for environmental protection in other countries; possible remedies for Turkmenistan.

4. Nuclear disarmament and Ukraine (side 1 CON'T). Translation of Washington Post article.

5. Georgia-Russia Relations (Side 1 CON'T).

1. Georgia-Russia Relations (continuation from Side 1)

2. Current situation in Afghanistan.

3. Presidential elections in Crimea.

4. Folk song.

5. Folk song.

Significance of battle and stress that battle was of Gokdepe was not a defeat but a victory for Turkmen pride and spirit.

1. Poor audio; discussion of need for open communications between gov't and people, need for free press; discussion of press articles and press attacks on activits and RL; Niyazov's tactics.

2. Poor audio; Continued from Side 1; discussion of status of Agzybirlik; efforts to restore burial places and recognize victims of Stalinist repression, terror; other current pol/eco/soc issues; status of arrested activist Sheraly Nurmyradov.

1. Cut off at end; Discussion of Turkmen language law and debate/problems that accompanied the legislative process; property reform; health/medical problems; need to generate hard currency; directions of policy; eco issues; Turkmenistan lags behind other republics in all areas; conditions of Turkmen in Iran; environmental protection; people receive little real info from media about important issues.

2. Cut off at end; court proceedings against "meeting" participants Sheraly Nurmyradov, Nurberdi Nurmammedov, Mammet Sahedov; demands of accused; conditions in Turkmenistan very bad; government policies toward Agzybirlik.

1. Discussion of legislative process and related issues; successes and problems of Turkmen lang law; crime in Mary oblast; council of elders - its meetings and related work; impressions from speaker's visit to Germany; free press and criticism are not harmful and should not be met w/ hostility (by Tmen gov't) issues current in Turkmenistan; natural resources.

2. Continued from Side 1; discussion of RL and how its received in Turkmenistan; guest's recommendations to RL; problems RL staff has in dealings w/ Turkmen gov't; foreign Turkmen; views on portrayal of Tmen history.

1. Discussion of visit to Germany; bio info and work; current politics; changes since Gorbachev; multi-party system, constitution project; opposition; potential for conflict; agendas, aims, activities of unofficial orgs (Agzybirlik).

2. Democratic parties from all over USSR meet in Moscow; legal status of groups in Turkmenistan; topics discussed at Moscow mtg; problems and fears of parties; activities of Turkmen groups; speaker lists opposition groups: Balkan Hereketi in Nebit Dag, Agzybirlik in Ashgabat, Ashgabat student association (Nazariet), Turkmenistanyng Halk Hereketi in Mary, Halk Sesi in Charjew, Democratic Party (throughout Turkmenistan); aims of the groups are same but various tactics; possibility for unified front Comm Party's activities and its adoption of opposition programs.

1. Appears to be a 1990 recording; personal info/biography; work, education (artists and arts); architectural monuments in Turkmenistan and damage done to them, work to perserve them, problems; tourism potential (source of income) and need to develop it with responsible individuals; need for pol/eco change in mentality; poor conditions of peasants.

2. Con't from Side 1; impressions of trip to Germany and comparison w/ Turkmenistasn; poor conditions in Tsan a result of defected pol/eco structure; lack of initiative to change in Turkmenistan; discussion of "glasnost" in Turkmenistan and current politics, old methods and thinking; discussion of committee of elders (as puppets) and continued efforts of gov't to deceive people; status of Turkmen language; lagging behind other republics in reforms; Agzybirlik, gov't oppression; multi-part system; huge wealth of natural resources but no benefit to people; past mistakes - admitting them; war in Afghanistan.

1. Appears to be a 1990 recording; Describes competition in elections to become deputy; her work and tasks as member fo education committee; changes from perestroika; Turkmen lang law (state language); "affirmative action"-type programs in higher education; inter-ethnic relations; Turkmen crafts and cultural traditions and need to recover them; laws on protecting and restoring architectural monuments; damage done by Soviet rule; Comm. Party and her own membership in it; future of Turkmenistan (sovereignty or remain part of USSR); her work in film and favorite films.

2. Con't from Side 1; difficulties called by career; problems faced by women in gov't; social problems (health, infant mortality, environmental degradation; gov't politicies); efforts to develop skilled cadre; bride price issue.

1. Poor audio on a microphone; personal info, bio; film work; changes in film industry since perestroika; funding issues; film worker cadre issues; visit to Germany to film festival; problems facing Tmen film industry (competition from and influence of foreign videos).

2. Poor audio on a microphone; Continued from Side 1; formation of political groups/parties; foreign Turkmen; Watan society; Agzybirlik; status of Turkmen language; discussion of RL; political leaders; film work issues.

1. Appears to be a 1990 recording; personal info/biography from childhood; father victim of Stalinist oppression, rehabilitated; speaker's attempts to find more info from KGB; description of film work, films, travels; Turkmen historical and cultural topics; Gorbachev's policies; Turkmenistan's wealth in natural resources; need for skilled cadre.

2. Con't from Side 1; status of Turkmen language; recitation of poetry/song; new freedoms regarding Turkmen history and culture.

1. Agzybirlik appeal to Turkmen people, political parties, Supreme Soviet. Appeal to vote "no" on the referendum to stay part of USSR (or leave) March 1991.

2. Appeal by Turkmen writers and journalists concerning arrest in Charjew of writer Sheraly Nurmyradov for political activity (Jan 1991).

3. Activity of Agzybirlik and free press (Nov 1990).

4. Appeal by Turkmen intelligentsia to Niyazov to recognize day of Gokdepe battle as national day of mourning (Nov 1990)

5. Interviews w/ Turkmen youth, school teachers on referendum (to remain in USSR or leave) 15 March 1991.

6. Interviews w/ Turkmen political, public figures on referendum (to remain in USSR or leave)

1. School teacher Begly Nuriev and activism. Local school in Garagum raion has activated socially and deals w/ gov't; teachers strike.

2. Interview w/ Turkish historian Mehmet Saray. Cut off at end; Questions in Turkmen, answers in Turkmen Saray's impressions from trip to Turkmenistan and hopes for its future; influence of RL broadcasts on Turkmen.

1. Interview w/ Akmuhammet Velsaparov (writer). Poor audio; political situation and possibility for reform/multiparty sys and how Turkmenistan lags behind other republics in this regard; reading of poetry; discussion of infant mortality: lack of foods, medical attention, value placed on human life, problems of monoculture, low standard of living (reading of his article from Moscow paper).

2. Unidentifiable story/discussion ?

3. Cotton monoculture. Reading of article of Akmuhammet Velsaparov analyzing cotton monculture history, damage done.

4. Infant mortality. Reasons for high rate: poor water quality, diet; high cost of food; plight of women; poor medical care; gov't inaction and interference; efforts to publicize and remedy situation.

5. Popular Front Agzybirlik. Popular Front Agzbirlik: history, work/accomplishments, efforts to take part in elections, gov't/press attacks.

6. Unidentified. beginning cut-off; unidentified story being read.

1. Appears to be a 1990 recording; personal info/biography; professional work; music; Turkmen tradition/history and significance of them today; Western musical style and damage done to traditional music; contemporary musicians; foreign influence on Tmen culture; education for musicians; trip to Greece; Turkmen Friendship Society.

2. Con't from side 1; Views on opportunities coming from perestroika; foreign Turkmen; RL in Turkmenistan; Turkmen culture; speaker's wishes; Turkmen youth and art; why RL staff not permitted to visit Turkmenistan; Turkmenistan and trait of slow moving, peace, calm -- slow pace fo change; Turkmen intelligentsia

1. Interview w/ intelligentsia member Mergen Hummedov (director of Turkmenistan Branch of All-Union copyright Agency). Discussion of how his previous RL interviews were received in Turkmenistan; Presidential elections, no alternative to Niyazov, he is best suited for job, no other candidates; visit of Afghan Turkmen to Turkmenistan, need for more contacts w/ foreign Turkmen, Turks in order for Tstan to develop; RL criticism of Niyazov (Niyazov's inability to speak Turkmen); poor telephone system is example of what can be improved w/ foreign contact; Turkmen press criticism of RL is unfounded; multi-party system and its meaning/significance for society, lack of opposition parties reflects lack of will/initiative in Turkmenistan; Agzybirlik and its lack of support; lack of press coverage of alternative voices; RL and its work.

2. Con't from Side 1; need for criticism - sign of healthy society; Turkmenistan gov't's reluctance to allow RL staff to visit Turkmenistan; need for greater communication w/ foreign Tmen (trade, etc); poor conditions for some Turkmen in some foreign countries and need for Tstan to assist them.

3. Various topics: occasion for visit to Germany; situation in Turkmenistan; what needs to be done; int'l Turkmen; changes in Turkmenistan (requirements for foreign travel, election process and politics) Situation concerning environment/ecology and changes regarding policy; Garagum Canal and related issues; Permission to build private homes; Agzybirlik - its make-up, activity, status, aims; multi-party system (cut-off)

4. Discussion of animal husbandry and agriculture (use of land); Turkmen writers, journalism, publishing, making foreign literature to Turkmens, proposals to cooperate (RL and Hummedov) concerning future communications, publishing.

5. Apparently not for broadcast - Tmen politics, elections and other current events.

1. World development bank to aid Turkmenistan; Niyazov meets w/ Japanese business head.

2. Friends of Magtymguly Society. Yusup Azemoun discusses his organization's aims, activity, publishing; poem recited.

3. News from Turkmenistan. Turkish president meets w/ Turkmen officials; Turkish-Tmen relations; Turkmen leave for US to study; Chess competition in India; Agricultural deal w/ Italian firm; Gasificiation of rural areas; Foreign currency values; Oil deposits and production; Legacy fo Chernobyl and a Turkmen; Anit-narcotics operations in Iran.

4. Amnesty Int'l Report on Turkmenistan.

5. Review of foreign press. Can the manat be a genuine currency?

1. Studio segment: Turkmen (in Iran) uprising (1979).

2. Studio segment: Foreign press on Turkmenistan.

3. Studio segment: UN peace plan in Yugoslavia.

4. Studio segment: Clinton-Nazarbayev press conf.

1. News from Turkmenistan. Pakistan embassy opens in Ashgabat; Turkmen airlines offices open in Turkey; Trade/barter w/ Georgia; Book written in Turkmen about Hadith; Construction at Gokdepe fortress site.

2. Studio segment "Political/economic Issues". Sharp criticism for current gov't and monopoly of power by Niyazov; use of Hajj as propaganda tool; presidential referendum illegal; little more than a joke.

3. Studio segment "Who Lives Well in Turkmenistan?". No real changes in terms of gov't since independence; no cleansing of gov't personnel as in Eastern Europe and that's why Turkmenistan's development has been retarded; change of Comm. Party to Democratic Party in name only; note on how name Turkmenbashy was thought up (phony).

1. Recitation from Quran and translation.

2. News from Turkmenistan. Niyazov to Switzerland for eco mtg; Various statistics for 1993: industrial production; water issues, transportation; demography; mortality; health; Health measures.

3. Contraband and smuggling in Turkmenistan. Interview w/ KGB official; focus on drugs; several operations outlined; need for more foreign experience.

4. Weakening reforms in Russ and Belarus. Material from US media.

5. Economic mtg in Tehran. Tajik and Afghan conflicts also discussed.

6. Economic mtg in Tehran (CON'T fro Side 1).

1. Academy of science work on Caspian Sea research, issues, problems.

2. Studio segment "Discussion w/ Opposition Leader".

3. Trade Union meeting in Ashgabat; need for reforms; Niyazov's input. Personnell changes in government.

4. Continuation from side one: Nazar reads interview taken from opposition leader Durdymyrat Khojamukhamet.

5. Translation of Russian press article on mistreatment of foreign journalists in Turkmenistan.

6. Continuation: Nazar reads interview taken from opposition leader Durdymyrat Khojamukhamet; social problems outlined - drugs/alcohol; multiparty system would help remedy these ills.

1. Letter to Turkmen people by Democratic forces. Aims of democratic movement (rule of law, petroleum-cotton profits to people, human rights, democracy); mtg held, elections; efforts of members to publicize work; outline of communist methods still inplace; need to get rid of them Poor audio at times.

2. Aug '91 upheaval in Moscow and USSR. Based on foreign media sources; Tbilisi tragedy, Gorbechev's reaction, Turkmen reaction.

1. The Ruble zone. Focus on monetary policies of Kazakhstan and Russia.

2. Kyzgyzstan: it's economy and national currency. From German newspaper article.

3. Oil and gas profits. From French newspaper article; claims that Turkmen people receive little benefit from oil and gas sales.

4. Narcotics and Turkmenistan. Reasons for increase and use and trade include Afghan conflict, Niyazov's lax policies; claim that Iran may be trying to support narcotic use in Turkmenistan; perhaps Tmen elite do not want population interested in politics so they allow drug use; UN mtg. on narcotics smuggling and measures employed by other countries to fight drugs.

1. News from Turkmenistan. Niyazov meets w/ prominent scholars to discuss writing of Turkmen history and international conference on topic; Caspian Sea mtg. by regional states.

2. Story of folk hero Gorogly (satire). Biting criticism of government and leadership using folk hero Gorogly as character - discussions on narcotics, cotton monoculture; Russians, Niyazov; very colloquial (slang) language.

3. Turkmen currency. New currency to be instituted; critical of leadership, media, methods of currency value determination.

1993 [+] Programming from Turkmenistan Download 1 Download 21. Special dramatization of events surrounding the battle of Gokdepe by writer Ata Govshudov1993 [+] {title} Download 1 Download 21. Interview w/ educator S. Nurliev. Dicussion of restrictions on freedom of speech; Latin alphabet issues Part of recording apparently erased. 2. Interview w/ fmr official now dissident Abdikuliev. Former foreign minister discusses opposition's problems; lack of free press; foreign policy; Islam; eco issues; cult of personality; need for multi-party system.1992 [+] Programming from Turkmenistan Download 1 Download 21. Introduction and programs contents. Aim of program is to facilitate communication between world Turkmen and preserve/promote Turkmen culture. 2. Statement to Turkmen people. Need to promote int'l peace, activate work Turkmen, create a int'l organization for world Turkmen; other aims, regulations. 3. Turkmen song. 4. Statement to Turkmen Intelligentsia. Poetry of imprisoned Tmen dissident. 5. Meaning of Independence. Need for genuine freedoms (multi-party sys) and use of Afghanistan/Iran as an example of what can happen when opposition is suppressed/outlawed. 6. Music; poetry of Magtymguly. 7. Account of opposition meetings. Speaker gives account and opinions of opposition meetings held in Ashgabat (Aug 1991) noting gov't oppression and disinformation campaigns 8. Independence congradulations. 9. Traditional song. 10. Conclusion and address of Turkmen Society in Germany

1. Special dramatization of events surrounding the battle of Gokdepe by writer Ata Govshudov

1. Interview w/ educator S. Nurliev. Dicussion of restrictions on freedom of speech; Latin alphabet issues Part of recording apparently erased.

2. Interview w/ fmr official now dissident Abdikuliev. Former foreign minister discusses opposition's problems; lack of free press; foreign policy; Islam; eco issues; cult of personality; need for multi-party system.

1. Introduction and programs contents. Aim of program is to facilitate communication between world Turkmen and preserve/promote Turkmen culture.

2. Statement to Turkmen people. Need to promote int'l peace, activate work Turkmen, create a int'l organization for world Turkmen; other aims, regulations.

3. Turkmen song.

4. Statement to Turkmen Intelligentsia. Poetry of imprisoned Tmen dissident.

5. Meaning of Independence. Need for genuine freedoms (multi-party sys) and use of Afghanistan/Iran as an example of what can happen when opposition is suppressed/outlawed.

6. Music; poetry of Magtymguly.