1. (4 pts.) p. 32, #12. (Cf. #2 on p. 31.)

2. (4 pts.) Enter the data from p. 33, #15, into SPSS. Use Graphs -> Interactive -> Histogram and the Histogram tab to construct histograms as follows:
(a) In the histogram tab dialogue, check the box for Set interval size automatically.
(b) In the histogram tab dialogue, UNcheck the box for Set interval size automatically, and set the interval width to 5 (and the start width to 0).
(c) In the histogram tab dialogue, UNcheck the box for Set interval size automatically, set the interval width to 5, and set the start width to 50%.

3. (4 pts.) p. 69 #9(a). State the definitions as in the textbook, and also state the definitions as explained in class (and on the web page) in terms of different formalizations of proximity.

4. (5 pts.) p. 69, #11. Use SPSS to do this. See pages 71-73 of the textbook.

5. (4 pts.) Consider this set of scores: 1, 2, 6.
(a) If distance is measured as absolute difference, then what is the average distance of the value M=3.0 from the three scores? What is the average distance of the value M=2.0 from the three scores? Which value, 2.0 or 3.0, has the smaller average distance from the scores, and is therefore the better representation of the central tendency?
(b) If distance is measured as squared difference, then what is the average distance of the value M=3.0 from the three scores? What is the average distance of the value M=2.0 from the three scores? Which value, 2.0 or 3.0, has the smaller average distance from the scores, and is therefore the better representation of the central tendency?

6. (4 pts.) Consider this set of scores:
  Set A: 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4, 9, 9, 16.
What is the mean and standard deviation? What is the standardized value of the score, 5? (That is, what is the z-score of 5?)

Now consider this set of scores:
  Set B: -6, 1, 1, 6, 6, 6, 9, 9, 9, 9.
What is the mean and standard deviation? What is the standardized value of the score, 5? (That is, what is the z-score of 5?)

For which set of scores, Set A or Set B, does the raw score of 5 represent a higher score relative to the rest of the distribution? (Answer this by considering how many scores are above or below 5 in the two distributions.)