Which statement best describes the findings of studies on children who were denied language input from the environment?

@+There is a critical period of time for learning a first language. After age six, the acquisition of language is steadily compromised until about age 12, when it is rare to learn a full language thereafter.

@-Isolation from language during the first 15 years of a child's life will usually not prevent the child from learning a language fluently later in life.

@-Isolation from language during the first 3 years of a child's life will usually prevent the child from ever learning a language.

@-Isolation from language during the first 9 years of a child's life will usually not prevent the child from learning a language fluently later in life.

Newport and Supalla (1990) found that deaf children who learned ASL after age 12:

@-understood basic word order in sentences as well as native learners of ASL.

@-understood morphological rules, such as subject-verb agreement, as well as native learners of ASL.

@-did not understand morphological rules, such as subject-verb agreement, as well as native learners of ASL.

@-both a and b

@+both a and c

Actual cases in which language acquisition was compromised include:

@-a hearing child is raised by speechless parents

@-a deaf child is raised by hearing parents

@-a hearing child is severely abused

@-a and b only

@+all of the above

Which of the following statements regarding pidgin sentences is false?

@-They are usually four or fewer words in length.

@+They are spoken by adults who have no native language.

@-They typically have a subject-verb-object word order.

@-They do not contain functional category words.

When generations of children learn a pidgin language at the age when they acquire their mother tongue, the language that results is called a:

@-secondary pidgin

@-mixed language

@-language disorder

@+creole