12 List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind.

A LIST OF THE BIRDS OBSERVED IN FRANKLIN COUNTY, INDIANA.

By Amos W. Butler.

The following list is believed to include all of the species of birds which have been identified within the present limits of Franklin County. Brief notes have been given with most of the species, in order that a better understanding of this paper may be had.
The first account of the birds of this region was published by Rufus Haymond, M. D., in the Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences for November, 1856. This list was entitled "Birds of South-eastern Indiana," and mentioned 139 species. The same author next published, in the First Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Indiana, 1869, a paper entitled "Birds of Franklin County, Indiana," which enumerated 164 species, including Haliæetys washingtonii and Phalacrocorax carbo. This list omitted nine species which were mentioned in the former paper, seven of which have since been ascertained to occur within our limits.
Mr. E. R. Quick and I contributed to the Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, from 1879 to 1882, many notes upon the birds of this County. In 1882 I prepared for Beers' Atlas of Franklin County, a list of the birds which had, at that time, been identified within the district under consideration. This article mentioned 225 species, two of which are omitted from this list. One of these, Phalacrocorax carbo, was doubtless wrongly identified by Dr. Haymond, and the position of the other, Chen cærulescens, is uncertain, it being generally considered a peculiar phase of coloration of Chen hyperborea.
Franklin County is situated in the south-eastern part of Indiana. Adjoining it on the north are the counties of Fayette and Union; on the west, Decatur and Rush; and on the south, Ripley and Dearborn. Its eastern boundary is the line between Ohio and Indiana. The White Water River, the East and West Forks of which unite at Brookville to form the river proper, traverse the County from north-west to south-east, through a valley from 200 to 300 feet below the level of the surrounding country, then, crossing a corner of Dearborn County, enters Ohio and empties into the Big Miami River a short distance above its junction with

List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind. 13

the Ohio River, near Lawrenceburg, Indiana. Away from the river vallies are the uplands which are comparatively level. The total area of woodland within the County is still very considerable. The absence of lakes and scarcity of ponds and marshes accounts for the absence of certain species of birds and for the rare occurrence of others. Even when one of the water-loving species is mentioned as "common" it is considered so but in comparison to other forms less frequently found. By reason of the varied topography here presented one is afforded some excellent lessons concerning the distribution of birds. Certain species are found abundantly upon the uplands and are very rare or wanting within the valleys; the converse also is true.

I desire to acknowledge my indebtedness for assistance rendered in preparing this list to Prof. J. A. Allen, of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, N. Y.; to Mr. Geo. N. Lawrence, New York, N. Y.; to Mr. Robert Ridgway, of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., and to Mr. E. R. Quick and Rufus Haymond, M. D., Brookville, Indiana.
The nomenclature adopted in this list is that of the Code of Nomenclature and Check-list of North American Birds, adopted by the American Ornithologists' Union. Owing to the fact that this work has just been issued, I have taken the liberty of inserting the classification there adopted as fully as my limited space will permit.
Those species known to breed within the County are designated by an asterisk (*). The numbers in parenthesis following the names are those given in the new Code of Nomenclature before referred to. The dates added to summer and winter residents are intended to indicate the earliest and latest times at which they have been noted.

Order PYGOPODES. Diving Birds.
Suborder Podicipedes. Grebes.
Family PODICIPIDÆ. Grebes.
Genus COLYMBUS Linnæus.
Subgenus Dytes Kaup.

1. Colymbus auritus Linn. (3.) Horned Grebe.
Rare migrant, April and May.
2. Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Heerm.). (4.) American Eared Grebe.
A specimen of this species was shot by Mr. Edw. Hughes, four

14 List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind.

miles north of Brookville, May 19, 1883. This is, perhaps, the farthest east that this form has been noted.

Genus PODILYMBUS Lesson.

3. Podilymbus podiceps (Linn.). (6.) Pied-billed Grebe.
Very common migrant. This bird is locally termed "Didapper," "Dipper" and "Mud-hen." March, April and October.

Suborder Cepphi. Loons and Auks.
Family URINATORIDÆ. Loons.
Genus URINATOR Cuvier.

4. Urinator imber (Gunn.). (7.) Loon.
A regular migrant. April and October.
5. Urinator lumme (Gunn.). (11.) Red-throated Loon.
Rare winter visitor. A specimen of this species was shot near Brookville, February 23, 1885. I was told that four other loons were keeping it company when it was found. That morning the thermometer registered 10 degrees below zero, and for several days previous the weather was equally severe.

Order LONGIPENNES. Long-winged Swimmers.
Family LARIDÆ. Gulls, etc.
Subfamily Larinæ. Gulls.
Genus LARUS Linnæus.

6. Larus argentatus smithsonianus Coues. (51a.) American Herring Gull.
Rather common winter visitor. Jan. 20, Mar. 21.
7. Larus philadelphia (Ord). (60.) Bonaparte's Gull.
Occasionally seen at the same season as the preceding species.

Subfamily Sterninæ. Terns.
Genus STERNA Linnæus.
Subgenus Sterna.

8. Sterna hirundo Linn. (70.) Common Tern.
Rare summer visitor. June 3, 1884.
9. Sterna dougalli Montag. (72.) Roseate Tern.
Sometimes seen. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p.235.)

List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind. 15

Order STEGANOPODES. Totipalmate Swimmers.
Family PHALACROCORACIDÆ. Cormorants.
Genus PHALACROCORAX Brisson.
Subgenus Phalacrocorax.


10. Phalacrocorax dilophus (Sw. & Rich.). (120.) Double-crested Cormorant.
Rare visitor. Nov. 19, 1880. (Jour. Cin. Soc. of Nat. Hist., Dec., 1881, p. 341.)
11. Phalocrocorax dilophus floridanus (Aud.). (120a.) Florida Cormorant.
Visitor in fall, winter and spring. Sometimes seen in flocks of ten to fifteen individuals.

Family PELECANIDÆ. Pelicans.
Genus PELECANUS Linnæus.
Subgenus Cyrtopelicanus Reichenbach.

12. Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmel. (125.) American White Pelican.
Rare visitor. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p.234.)

Order ANSERES. Lamellirostral Swimmers.
Family ANATIDÆ. Ducks, Geese, Etc.
Subfamily Merginæ. Mergansers.
Genus MERGANSER Brisson.

13. Merganser americanus (Cass.). (129.) American Merganser.
Winter resident; some winters common. October to April.
14. Merganser serrator (Linn.). (130.) Red-breasted Merganser.
Rare migrant. Aug., 1879; Mar. 21, 1883. (Quick.)

Genus LOPHODYTES Reichenbach.

15. Lophodytes cucullatus (Linn.). (131.) Hooded Merganser.
Winter resident; sometimes common.

Subfamily Anatinæ. River Ducks.
Genus ANAS Linnæus.

16. Anas boschas Linn. (132.) Mallard.
Common migrant.
17. Anas obscura Gmel. (133.) Black Duck.
Rare migrant. (Quick.)

16 List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind.

Subgenus Chaulelasmus Bonaparte.


18. Anas strepera Linn. (135.) Gadwall; Gray Duck.
Rare migrant.(Quick.)

Subgenus Mareca Stephens.

19. Anas Americana Gmel. (137.) Baldparte.
Rather common migrant.

Subgenus Nettion Kaup.

20. Anas carolinensis Gmel. (139.) Green-winged Teal.
Common migrant.

Subgenus Querquedula Stephens.

21. Anas discors Linn. (140.) Blue-winged Teal.
Migrant; the most common of its family. October, April and May.

Genus SPATULA Boie.

22. Spatula clypeata (Linn.). (142.) Shoveller.
Rare migrant. (Quick.)

Genus DAFILA Stephens.

23. Dafila acuta (Linn.). (143.) Pintail.
Common migrant.

Genus AIX Boie.

*24. Aix sponsa (Linn.). (144.) Wood Duck.
Common migrant and rare summer resident. Mar. 26 to October.

Genus AYTHYA Boie.

25. Aythya americana (Eyt.). (146.) Redhead.
Uncommon migrant.
26. Aythya vallisneria (Wils.). (147.) Canvas-back.
Rare migrant.

Subgenus Fuligula Stephens.

27. Aythya marila nearctica Stejn. (148.) American Scaup Duck.
Rare migrant. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 233.)
28. Aythya affinis (Eyt.) (149.) Lesser Scaup Duck.
Migrant; more common that the last mentioned species.
29. Aythya collaris (Donov.). (150.) Ring-necked Duck.
Rare migrant. A specimen killed by Mr. Wm. M. McCleery, Mar. 8, 1879, is, through the kindness of Mr. E. R. Quick, in the collection of the Society of Natural History.

List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind.. 17

Genus GLAUCIONETTA Stejneger.


30. Glaucionetta clangula americana (Bonap.). (151.) American Golden-eye.
Common migrant.

Genus CHARITONETTA Stejneger.

31. Charitonetta albeola (Linn.). (153.) Buffle-head.
Common migrant.

Genus OIDEMIA Fleming.
Subgenus Melanitta Boie.

32. Oidemia deglandi Bonap. (165.) White-winged Scoter.
Winter visitor. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 233.)

Genus ERISMATURA Bonaparte.

33. Erismatura rubida (Wils.). (167.) Ruddy Duck.
Rare migrant.

Subfamily Anserinæ. Geese.
Genus CHEN Boie.

34. Chen Hyperborea (Pall.). (169.) Lesser Snow Goose.
Rare migrant. Oct. 18, 1881. (Quick.) I am by no means certain that this is not var. nivalis. The specimen referred to is in the collection of the Society of Natural History.

Genus BRANTA Scopoli.

35. Branta canadensis (Linn.). (172.) Canada Goose.
Regular migrant, but never common.

36. Branta bernicla (Linn.). Brant.

Rare migrant. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 232.)

Order HERODIONES. Herons, Ibises, Etc.
Suborder Ciconiæ. Storks, etc.
Family CICONIIDÆ. Storks and Wood Ibises.
Subfamily Tantalinæ. Wood Ibises.
Genus TANTALUS Linnæus.

37. Tantalus luculator (Linn.). (188.) Wood Ibis.
Formerly a rare visitor in summer. I quote the following from Dr. Haymond's Birds of South-eastern Indiana: "The first day of August, 1855, a large flock of these birds made their appearance in this neighborhood. They remained along the river and White Water canal for about a

18 List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind.

month or six weeks. A son of one of my neighbors broke the wing of one of them and caught it. After keeping it three or four weeks, feeding it upon fish, he gave it to me. I kept it until near the first of November, when it fell a victim, as many another biped has done, to its appetite. Some mackerel had been placed to soak upon a table in the back yard, one of which he stole and ate, and upon the evening of the next day died in convulsions."

Suborder Herodii. Herons, Egrets, etc.
Family ARDEIDÆ. Herons, Bitterns, etc.
Subfamily Botaurinæ. Bitterns.
Genus BOTAURUS Hermann.
Subgenus Botaurus.

38. Botaurus lentiginosus (Montag.). (190.) American Bittern.
A regular migrant. Not common.

Subgenus Ardetta Gray.

39. Botaurus exilis (Gmel.). (191.) Least Bittern.
Rare Migrant; two specimens. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 228.)

Subfamily Ardeinæ. Herons and Egrets.
Genus ARDEA Linnæus.
Subgenus Ardea.

40. Ardea herodias Linn. (194.) Great Blue Heron.
Rather common migrant; seen also irregularly through the summer.

Subgenus Herodias Boie.

41. Ardea egretta Gmel. (196.) American Egret.
Visitor in August, September and October. Some years they are common, others rare.

Subgenus Garzetta Kaup.

42. Ardea candidissima Gmel. (197.) Snowy Heron.
A rare visitor in August. (Quick.)

Subgenus Butorides Blyth.

*43. Ardea virescens Linn. (201.) Green Heron.
A common summer resident. April to October.

Genus NYCTICORAX Stephens.
Subgenus Nycticorax.

44. Nycticorax nycticorax nævius (Bodd.). (202.) Black-crowned Night Heron.
Migrant; not common. April and May.

List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind. 19

Order PALUDICOLÆ. Cranes, Rails, etc.
Suborder Grues. Cranes.
Family GRUIDÆ. Cranes.
Genus GRUS Pallas.


45.Grus mexicana (Mull.). (206.) Sandhill Crane.
Rare visitor; three specimens. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 228.)

Suborder Ralli. Rails, Gallinules, Coots, etc.
Family RALLIDÆ. Rails, Gallinules, and Coots.
Subfamily Rallinæ. Rails.
Genus RALLUS Linnæus.

46. Rallus elegans Aud. (208.) King Rail.
Rare migrant. A specimen of this species was shot near Brookville April 20, 1881, and is now in the collection of Mr. J. E. Rehme, Connersville, Ind.
47. Rallus virginianus Linn. (212.) Virginia Rail.
Rare migrant.

Genus PORZANA Vieillot.
Subgenus Porzana.

48. Porzana carolina (Linn.). (214.) Sora.
A regular migrant; not common. April, May, September and October.

Subgenus Coturnicops Bonaparte.

49. Porzana noveboracensis (Gmel.). Yellow Rail.
Rare migrant. Two specimens were caught alive, in a swamp, by a farmer living about two miles from Brookville, in September, 1879.

Subfamily Gallinulinæ. Gallinules.
Genus IONORNIS Reichenbach.

50. Ionornis martinica (Linn.). (218.) Purple Gallinule.
Rare migrant. A specimen was killed near Brookville in the Spring of 1880.

Genus GALLINULA Brisson.

51. Gallinula galeata (Licht.). (219.) Florida Gallinule.
Rare migrant. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 231.)

Subfamily Fulicinæ. Coots.
Genus FULICA Linnæus.

52. Fulica americana Gmel. (221.) American Coot.
A common migrant. March, April and May.

20 List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind.

Order LIMICOLÆ. Shore Birds.
Family SCOLOPACIDÆ. Snipes, Sandpipers, etc.
Genus PHILOHELA Gray.


*53. Philohela minor (Gmel.). (228.) American Woodcock.
Summer resident. March 21; Nov. 10.

Genus GALLINAGO Leach.

54. Galinago delicata (Ord). (230). Wilson's Snipe.
Migrant; common locally. March, April, May, Sept., Oct.

Genus TRINGA Linnæus.
Subgenus Actodromas Kaup.

55. Tringa maculata Vieill. (239.) Pectoral Sandpiper.
Migrant; some years common. March, April, May, September, and October.
56. Tringa minutilla Vieill. (242.) Least Sandpiper.
Rare migrant in August. (Quick.)

Genus TOTANUS Bechstein.
Subgenus Glottis Koch.

57. Totanus melanoleucus (Gmel.). (254.) Greater Yellow-legs.
Migrant; not common. April and May.
58. Totanus flavipes (Gmel.). (255.) Yellow-legs.
Migrant; more common than the last named species. April and September.

Subgenus Rhyacophilus Kaup.

59. Totanus solitarius (Wils.). (256.) Solitary Sandpiper.
Migrant; generally common in August and September.

Genus SYMPHEMIA Rafinesque.

60. Symphemia semipalmata (Gmel.). (258.) Willet.
Rare migrant. April 11, 1883, Sept., 1879. (Journ. Cin. Soc. of Nat. Hist., July, 1880, p. 127.)

Genus BARTRAMIA Lesson.

61. Bartramia longicauda (Bechst.). (261.) Bartramian Sandpiper.
Rare migrant. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 231.)

Genus ACTITIS Illiger.

*62. Actitis macularia (Linn.). (263.) Spotted Sandpiper.
Common summer resident April 15 to September.

List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind. 21

Genus NUMENIUS Brisson.


63. Numenius longirostris Wils. (264.) Long-billed Curlew.
Very rare migrant. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 231.)

Family CHARADRIIDÆ. Plovers.
Genus CHARADRIUS Linnæus.
Subgenus Charadrius.

64. Charadius dominicus Mull. (272.) American Golden Plover.
Rare migrant in April.

Genus ÆGIALITIS Boie.
Subgenus Oxyechus Reichenbach.

*65. Ægialitis vocifera (Linn.). (273.) Killdeer.
Common; during mild winters it remains with us.

Family APHRIZIDÆ. Surf Birds and Turnstones.
Subfamily Arenariinæ. Turnstones.
Genus ARENARIA Brisson.

66. Arenaria interpres (Linn.). (283.) Turnstone.
Rare migrant. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 229.)

Order GALLINÆ. Gallinaceous Birds.
Suborder Phasiani. Pheasants, Grouse, etc.
Family TETRAONIDÆ. Grouse, Partridges, etc.
Subfamily Perdicinæ. Partridges.
Genus COLINUS Lesson.

*67. Colinus virginianus (Linn.) (289.) Bob-white.
Resident, but not nearly so common as formerly. Hard winters and still harder "pot-hunters" have almost exterminated these beautiful birds.

Subfamily Tetraoninæ. Grouse.
Genus BONASA Stephens.

*68. Bonasa umbellus (Linn.). (300.) Ruffed Grouse.
Resident; rather common in certain localities. Perhaps as numerous as they ever were.

22 List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind.

Family PHASIANIDÆ. Pheasants, Etc.
Subfamily Meleagrinæ. Turkeys.
Genus MELEAGRIS Linnæus.


69. Meleagris gallopavo Linn. (310.) Wild Turkey.
Formerly a common resident. None have been killed for six or eight years. (See Bull. Brookv. Soc. of Nat. Hist., No. 1, p.12.)

Order COLUMBÆ. Pigeons.
Family COLUMBIDÆ. Pigeons.
Genus ECTOPISTES Swainson.

*70. Ectopistes migratorius (Linn.). (315.) Passenger Pigeon.
These birds are very irregular in their movements. At times they are resident throughout the year; again they are but migrants or summer or winter residents. They have been known to breed within the county. "Pigeon-roosts" were formerly known in this vicinity. But few of these birds are now seen compared with the great numbers which formerly appeared.

Genus ZENAIDURA Bonaparte.

*71. Zenaidura macroura (Linn.). (316.) Mourning Dove.
A common resident.

Order RAPTORES. Birds of Prey.
Suborder Sarcorhamphi. American Vultures.
Family CATHARTIDÆ. American Vultures.
Genus CATHARTES Illiger.

*72. Cathartes aura (Linn.). (325.) Turkey Vulture.
Common; some years when the winters are mild, they are resident. Never, even in the coldest winters, are they absent more than a few weeks.

Genus CATHARISTA Vieillot.

73. Catharista atrata (Bartr.). (326.) Black Vulture.
Winter and spring visitor; rare. December, February and April.

Suborder Falcones. Vultures, Falcons, Hawks, etc.
Family FALCONIDÆ. Vultures, Falcons, Hawks, etc.
Subfamily Accipitrinæ. Kites, Buzzards, Eagles, etc.
Genus Elanoides Vieillot.

74. Elanoides forficatus (Linn.). (327.) Swallow-tailed Kite.
Rare summer visitor. A single specimen. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 210.)

List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind. 23

Genus CIRCUS Lacepede.


75. Circus hudsonius (Linn.). (331.) Marsh Hawk.
A rare winter visitor.

Genus ACCIPITER Brisson.
Subgenus Accipiter.

*76. Accipiter velox (Wils.). (332.) Sharp-shinned Hawk.
Common resident.
*77. Accipiter cooperi (Bonap.). Cooper's Hawk.
Common resident.

Subgenus Astur Lacepede.

78. Accipiter atricapillus (Wils.). (334.) American Goshawk.
Rare winter visitor. Jan. 1881. (Quick.)

Genus BUTEO Cuvier.

*79. Buteo borealis (Gmel.). (337.) Red-tailed Hawk.
Common resident.
80. Buteo lineatus (Gmel.). (339.) Red-shouldered Hawk.
Resident; not common.
81. Buteo latissimus (Wils.). (343.) Broad-winged Hawk.
Rare; probably resident.

Genus ARCHIBUTEO Brehm.

82. Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis (Gmel.). (347a.) American Rough-legged Hawk.
Rare visitor. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 210.)

Genus AQUILA Brisson.

83. Aquila chrysaetos (Linn.). (349.) Golden Eagle.
Rare winter visitor, and perhaps winter resident. December, January and February.

Genus HALIÆETUS Savigny.

84. Haliæetus leucocephalus (Linn.). (352.) Bald Eagle.
Winter visitor, some winters winter resident. At times common.

Subfamily Falconinæ. Falcons.
Genus FALCO Linnæus.
Subgenus Æsalon Kaup.

85. Falco columbarius Linn. (357.) Pigeon Hawk.
Rare migrant. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 209.)

24 List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind.

Subgenus Tinnunculus Vieillot.


*86. Falco sparverius Linn. (360.) American Sparrow Hawk.
Very common resident.

Subfamily Pandioninæ. Ospreys.
Genus PANDION Savigny.

87. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (Gmel.). (364.) American Osprey.
Regular migrant. Generally rather common in April.

Suborder Striges. Owls.
Family STRIGIDÆ. Barn Owls.
Genus STRIX Linnæus.

88. Strix pratincola Bonap. (365.) American Barn Owl.
A rare visitor. A specimen in my collection was shot Oct. 25, 1883.

Family BUBONIDÆ. Horned Owls, etc.
Genus ASIO Brisson.

89. Asio wilsonianus (Less.). (366.) American Long-eared Owl.
Irregular visitor in autumn, winter and spring.
90. Asio accipitrinus (Pall.). (367.) Short-eared Owl.
Rare visitor. Nov. 8, 1878. (Quick.)

Genus SYRNIUM Savigny.

91. Syrnium nebulosum (Forst.). (368.) Barred Owl.
Resident. Has decreased in numbers since the settlement of the country and is now rare.

Genus NYCTALA Brehm.

92. Nyctala acadica (Gmel.). (372.) Saw-whet Owl.
Visitor in winter and spring; rare.

Genus MEGASCOPS Kaup.

*93. Megascops asio (Linn.). (373.) Screech Owl.
A common resident. The gray form predominates in this vicinity.

Genus BUBO Cuvier.

*94. Bubo virginianus (Gmel.). (375.) Great Horned Owl.
Common resident. The most numerous of the larger owls.

Genus NYCTEA Stephens.

95. Nyctea nyctea (Linn.). (376.) Snowy Owl.
Rare winter visitor. A specimen taken in January 1881, is in the collection of Mr. E. R. Quick.

List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind. 25

Genus SURNIA Dumeril.


96. Surnia ulula caparoch (Mull.). (377a.) American Hawk Owl.
A rare winter visitor. Jan., 1878. (Quick.)

Order PSITTACI. Parrots, Macaws, etc.
Family PSITTACIDÆ.’
Genus CONURUS Kuhl.

97. Conurus carolinensis (Linn.). (382.) Carolina Paroquet.
Formerly common. The older people speak of their abundance and of their habits. They were last seen in this vicinity about 1828. "This bird was formerly very numerous along White Water River." (Haymond, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1856, p. 293. See also Bull. Brookville Soc. Nat. Hist., No. 1, p. 12.)

Order COCCYGES. Cuckoos, etc.
Suborder Cuculi. Cuckoos, etc.
Family CUCULIDÆ. Cuckoos, Anis, etc.
Subfamily Coccyginæ. American Cuckoos.
Genus COCCYZUS Viellot.

*98. Coccyzus americanus (Linn.). (387.) Yellow-billed Cuckoo.
Summer resident, very common. May 5; Oct. 10.
99. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus (Wils.). (388.) Black-billed Cuckoo.
Common migrant and rare summer resident. Both species are known by the name "Rain Crow."

Suborder Alcyones. Kingfishers.
Family ALCEDINIDÆ. Kingfishers.
Genus CERYLE Boie.
Subgenus Streptoceryle Bonaparte.

*100. Ceryle alcyon (Linn.). (390.) Belted Kingfisher.
Common resident.

Order PICI. Woodpeckers, Wrynecks, etc.
Family PICIDÆ. Woodpeckers.
Genus CAMPEPHILUS Gray.

101. Campephilus principalis (Linn.). (392.) Ivory-billed Woodpecker.
Formerly found within our limits. In the eastern part of the county,

26 List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind.

at the time of its settlement, were swamps in which grew heavy timber. In these localities, this fine woodpecker was found about sixty years ago. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 211; et Bull. Brookv. Soc. Nat. Hist., No. 1, p. 11.)

Genus DRYOBATES Boie.

*102. Dryobates villosus (Linn.). (393.) Hairy Woodpecker.
A common resident.
*103. Dryobates pubescens (Linn.). (394.) Downy-Woodpecker.
Abundant resident; much more numerous than the last named species.

Genus SPHYRAPICUS Baird.

104. Sphyrapicus varius (Linn.). (402.) Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.
Winter resident. Oct. 10 to May 1. "June, 1881." (Quick.) They vary greatly in numbers in different years and are generally quite common in October and April.

Genus CEOPHLOEUS Cabanis.

105. Ceophloeus pileatus (Linn.). (405.) Pileated Woodpecker.
Formerly a very common resident. Known as "Woodcock," and "Logcock." It is doubtless now extinct within this county.

Genus MELANERPES Swainson.
Subgenus Melanerpes.

*106. Melanerpes erythrocephalus (Linn.). (406.) Red-headed Woodpecker.
Common from February to November, and occasionally resident throughout the year.

Subgenus Centurus Swainson.

*107. Melanerpes carolinus (Linn.). (409.) Red-bellied Woodpecker.
Common resident. Frequents the uplands, appearing to prefer oak woods.

Genus COLAPTES Swainson.

*108. Colaptes auratus (Linn.). (412.) Flicker; "Yellow-hammer."
Abundant resident.

Order MACROCHIRES. Goatsuckers, Swifts, etc.
Suborder Caprimulgi. Goatsuckers, etc.
Family CAPRIMULGIDÆ. Goatsuckers, etc.
Genus ANTROSTOMUS Gould.

*109. Antrostomus vociferus (Wils.). (417.) Whip-poor-will.
Summer resident. Common locally. April to September.

List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind. 27

Genus CHORDEILES Swainson.


110. Chordeiles virginianus (Gmel.). (420.) Nighthawk.
Rather common migrant. May and September.

Suborder Cypseli. Swifts.
Family MICROPODIDÆ. Swifts.
Subfamily Chæturinæ. Spine-tailed Swifts.
Genus CHÆTURA Stephens.

*111. Chætura pelagica(Linn.). (423.) Chimney Swift.
Abundant summer resident. Apr. 1; Oct. 6.

Suborder Trochili. Hummingbirds.
Family TROCHILIDÆ. Hummingbirds.
Genus TROCHILUS Linnæus.
Subgenus Trochilus.

*112. Trochilus colubris Linn. (428.) Ruby-throated Hummingbird.
Common summer resident. Apr. 26; Sept. 23.

Order PASSERES. Perching Birds.
Suborder Clamatores. Songless Perching Birds.
Family TYRANNIDÆ. Tyrant Flycatchers.
Genus TYRANNUS Cuvier.

*113. Tyrannus tyrannus (Linn.). (444.) Kingbird.
Common summer resident. Middle of April to September.

Genus MYIARCHUS Cabanis.

*114. Myiarchus crinitus (Linn.). (452.) Crested Flycatcher.
Common summer resident; arriving some years by Apr. 20.

Genus SAYORNIS Bonaparte.

*115. Sayornis phoebe (Lath.). (456.) Phoebe; "Pewee."
Summer resident; abundant. Mar. 1; Sep. 28. They are sometimes found nesting in March.

Genus CONTOPUS Cabanis.

*116. Contopus virens (Linn.). (461.) Wood Pewee.
Summer resident; probably more abundant than the last mentioned species. May 3; Sept. 3.

28 List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind.

Genus EMPIDONAX Cabanis.


117. Empidonax flaviventris Baird. (463.) Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.
Migrant. May and September.
*118. Empidonax acadicus (Gmel.). (465.) Acadian Flycatcher.
Common migrant and rare resident. Arrive first week in May.
119. Epidonax pusillus traillii (Aud.). (466a.) Traill's Flycatcher
Rare migrant. (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 214.)
120. Empidonax minimus Baird. (467.) Least Flycatcher.
Migrant; some years rather common. May and September.

Suborder Oscines. Song Birds.
Family ALAUDIDÆ. Larks.
Genus OTOCORIS Bonaparte.

121. Otocoris alpestris praticola Hensh. (474b.) Prairie Horned Lark.
Winter visitor. Some winters they are here but a few days, others they are common from November to late in February. Nov. 14; Feb. 27.

Family CORVIDÆ. Crows, Jays, etc.
Subfamily Garrulinæ. Magpies and Jays.
Genus CYANOCITTA Strickland.

*122. Cyanocitta cristata (Linn.). (477.) Blue Jay.
A common resident.

Subfamily CORVINÆ. Crows.
Genus CORVUS Linnæus.

123. Corvus corax sinuatus (Wagl.). (486.) American Raven.
Once common. None have been seen for about eighteen years. (See Bull. Brookv. Soc. Nat. Hist., No. 1, p. 11.)
*124. Corvus americanus Aud. (488.) American Crow.
Abundant resident.

Family ICTERIDÆ. Blackbirds, Orioles, etc.
Genus DOLICHONYX Swainson.

125. Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linn.). (494.) Bobolink.
Rare migrant in May and June.

Genus MOLOTHRUS Swainson.

*126. Molothrus ater (Bodd.). (495.) Cowbird.
Abundant summer resident. Mar. 21; Oct. 30.

List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind. 29

Genus AGELAIUS Vieillot.


*127. Agelaius phoeniceus (Linn.). (498.) Red-winged Blackbird.
Summer resident; not common. More numerous during their migrations. Arrive some years Feb. 25.

Genus STURNELLA Vieillot.

*128. Sturnella magna (Linn.). (501.) Meadowlark.
Common; irregularly resident. During mild winters they remain with us.

Genus ICTERUS Brisson.
Subgenus Pendulinus Vieillot.

*129. Icterus spurius (Linn.). (506.) Orchard Oriole.
Common summer resident, arriving some years April 25.

Subgenus Yphantes Vieillot.

*130. Icterus galbula (Linn.). (507.) Baltimore Oriole.
Summer resident; arriving occasionally Apr. 23. Most abundant along streams.

Genus SCOLECOPHAGUS Swainson.

131. Scolecophagus carolinus (Mull.). (509.) Rusty Blackbird.
Migrant; not common. March and November.

Genus QUISCALUS Vieillot.
Subgenus Quiscalus.

*132. Quiscalus quiscula æneus (Ridg.). (511b.) Bronzed Grackle.
Common summer and rare winter resident. Feb. 17; Nov. 14. One remained during the winter of 1879-80, keeping company with a flock of English sparrows. (Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., July 1880, p. 125.) After rearing their young the greater number go north returning in September.

Family FRINGILLIDÆ. Finches, Sparrows, etc.
Genus CARPODACUS Kaup.

133. Carpodacus purpureus (Gmel.). (517.) Purple Finch.
Migrant; generally common in April, feeding on elm buds.

Genus LOXIA Linnæus.

134. Loxia curvirostra minor (Brehm.). (521.) American Crossbill.
Irregular visitor in winter and spring. Mar. 15 to Apr. 5, 1883.

Genus ACANTHIS Bechstein.

135. Acanthis linaria (Linn.). (528.) Redpoll.
A rare winter visitor. Mr. C. R. Case reported them in flocks Feb. 10, 1881.

30 List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind.

Genus SPINUS Koch.


*136. Spinus tristis (Linn.). (529.) American Goldfinch.
Equally abundant at all seasons of the year. Those which winter here, in a great measure, pass northward to breed, being replaced by others from the south.
137. Spinus pinus (Wils.). (533.) Pine Siskin; "Pine Finch."
Irregular visitor in winter and spring. Some years none are seen; others they are exceedingly abundant. During the winter of 1882-3 they were present in great numbers from Nov. 17 to Apr. 27. The winter of 1884-5 none were seen, but in May, 1885, they were observed, in some numbers, feeding upon the buds of elms.

Genus PLECTROPHENAX Stejneger.

138. Plectrophenax nivalis (Linn.). (534.) Snowflake.
Rare winter visitor; observed by Mr. C. R. Case in December 1880. Also identified by Dr. Haymond. (Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 222.)

Genus POOCÆTES Baird.

*139. Poocætes gramineus (Gmel.). (540.) Vesper Sparrow; "Bay-winged Bunting."
A common summer resident. Feb. 15; Sept. 28.

Genus AMMODRAMUS Swainson.

140. Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna (Wils.). (542a.) Savanna Sparrow.
Migrant; rather common on uplands in April and October.

Subgenus Coturniculus Bonaparte.

*141. Ammodramus savannarum passerinus (Wils.). (546.) Grasshopper Sparrow; "Yellow-winged Sparrow."
Summer resident; April 27 to late in September. Very common on uplands but rare in the valleys.
142. Ammodramus leconteii (Aud.). (548.) Leconte's Sparrow.
Accidental, or perhaps rare migrant. A specimen of this bird was taken by me Mar. 12, 1884.

Genus CHONDESTES Swainson.

*143. Chondestes grammacus (Say). (552.) Lark Sparrow.
Summer resident; not common. Appear some years Apr. 18.

Genus ZONOTRICHIA Swainson.

144. Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forst.). (554.) White-crowned Sparrow.
Common migrant late in April, early in May and October.

List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind. 31

145. Zonotrichia albicollis (Gmel.). (558.) White-throated Sparrow.

Abundant migrant. March, April, October and November.

Genus SPIZELLA Bonaparte.

146. Spizella monticola (Gmel.). (559.) Tree Sparrow.
Common winter resident. Oct. 10; Apr. 9.
*147. Spizella socialis (Wils.). (560.) Chipping Sparrow.
Common summer resident. Mar. 20; Sept. 28.
*148. Spizella pusilla (Wils.). (563.) Field Sparrow.
Common summer resident. Mar. 8; Oct. 6.

Genus JUNCO Wagler.

149. Junco hyemalis (Linn.). (567.) Slate-colored Junco.
Abundant winter resident. Oct. 8; April 25.

Genus MELOSPIZA Baird.

*150. Melospiza fasciata (Gmel.). (581.) Song Sparrow.
Abundant resident.
151. Melospiza lincolni (Aud.). (583.) Lincoln's Sparrow.
Rare migrant. May; October.
152. Melospiza georgiana (Lath.). (584.) Swamp Sparrow.
Migrant; not common. Apr.; Sept.

Genus PASSERELLA Swainson.

153. Passerella iliaca (Merr.). (585.) Fox Sparrow.
Common migrant in Feb., Mar., Apr., Oct. and Nov.

Genus PIPILO Vieillot.

*154. Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Linn.). (587.) Towhee.
Common resident.

Genus CARDINALIS Bonaparte.

*155. Cardinalis cardinalis (Linn.). (593.) Cardinal.
Common resident.

Genus HABIA Reichenbach.

156. Habia ludoviciana (Linn.). (595.) Rose-breasted Grosbeak.
Migrant, and perhaps rare summer resident. Some years rare; others quite common. April, May, September; "June and August." (Haymond, Ind. Geol., 1869, p. 223.)

Genus PASSERINA Vieillot.

*157. Passerina cyanea (Linn.). (598.) Indigo Bunting.
Abundant summer resident. Apr. 22; Sept 14.

32 List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind.

Genus SPIZA Bonaparte.


*158. Spiza americana (Gmel.). (604.) Dickcissel; "Black-throated Bunting."
Common summer resident on the uplands, rare in the valleys. Occasionally arrives Apr. 30.

Genus PASSER Brisson.

*159. Passer domestica (Linn.). House Sparrow; English Sparrow.
Very abundant and unwelcome resident. First observed in this vicinity in 1878.

Family TANAGRIDÆ. Tanagers.
Genus PIRANGA Vieillot.

*160. Piranga erythromelas Vieill. (608.) Scarlet Tanager.
Common summer resident. Apr. 22; Sept. 11.
*161. Piranga rubra (Linn.). (610.) Summer Tanager.
Summer resident; rather common on uplands, rare in the valleys. Arrive about May 15.

Family HIRUNDINIDÆ. Swallows.
Genus PROGNE Boie.

*162. Progne subis (Linn.). (611.) Purple Martin.
Summer resident. Formerly very abundant. Most of their nesting sites are annually taken possession of by English sparrows. Upon the return of the martins several days of fighting ensues which invariably ends with the sparrows masters of the field; the martins leaving for more congenial homes. Mar. 27; Aug. 31.

Genus PETROCHELIDON Cabanis.

*163. Petrochelidon lunifrons (Say). (612.) Cliff Swallow; "Eave Swallow."
Summer resident; locally common on the uplands, rare in the valleys. These swallows have been known to select a location in the valley but were unable to build nests out of the sandy mud they were compelled to use. After several trials they left, doubtless for a home whose surroundings were better adapted to their requirements. They generally arrive by the middle of April.

Genus CHELIDON Forster.

*164. Chelidon erythrogaster (Bodd.). (613.) Barn Swallow.
A common summer resident. Mar. 30; Oct. 18.

Genus TACHYCINETA Cabanis.

165. Tachycineta bicolor (Vieill.). (614.) Tree Swallow; "White-bellied Swallow."
Migrant in April, May and September. "June, 1884." (Quick.)

List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind. 33

Genus CLIVICOLA Forster.


*166. Clivicola riparia (Linn.). (616.) Bank Swallow.
Common summer resident along our streams. Generally arrive the first week in April and depart the first week in September. Mr. Quick reports seeing this or the next species Oct. 18, 1880. (Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., Oct. 1882, p. 192.)

Genus STELGIDOPTERYX Baird.

*167. Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Aud.). (617). Rough-winged Swallow.
Summer resident; as common as the last mentioned species with which it arrives and departs.

Family AMPELIDÆ. Waxwings, etc.
Subfamily Ampelinæ. Waxwings.
Genus AMPELIS Linnæus.

*168. Ampelis cedrorum (Vieill.). (619). Cedar Waxwing.
Common resident.

Family LANIIDÆ. Shrikes.
Genus LANIUS Linnæus.
.
169. Lanius borealis Vieill. (621). Northern Shrike.
Winter visitor; occasionally winter resident; not common. Nov. 25; March 14.
170. Lanius ludovicianus Linn. (622). Loggerhead Shrike.
Rare summer resident; sometimes arrives by March 25.

Family VIREONIDÆ. Vireos.
Genus VIREO Vieillot.
Subgenus Vireosylva Bonaparte.

*171. Vireo olivaceus (Linn.). (624). Red-eyed Vireo.
Common summer resident. April 25; Sept. 28.
172. Vireo philadelphicus (Cass.). (626). Philadelphia Vireo.
Migrant late in May and late in September; not common.
*173. Vireo gilvus (Vieill.). (627). Warbling Vireo.
Common summer resident, arriving some years by April 19.

Subgenus Lanivireo Baird.

174. Vireo flavifrons Vieill. (628). Yellow-throated Vireo.
Common migrant, April, May, August and September. Perhaps a rare summer resident.

34 List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind.

175. Vireo solitarius (Wils.). (629). Blue-headed Vireo.

Migrant; sometimes common in May.

Subgenus Vireo Vieillot.

*176. Vireo noveboracensis (Gmel.). (631). White-eyed Vireo.
Summer resident, not common. Arrives late in April and leaves early in September.

Family MNIOTILTIDÆ. Wood-Warblers.
Genus MNIOTILTA Vieillot.

*177. Mniotilta varia (Linn.). (636). Black and White Warbler.
Summer resident; rather common. Arrives sometimes by April 3.

Genus HELMITHERUS Rafinesque.

*178. Helmitherus vermivorus (Gmel.). (639). Worm-eating Warbler.
Very common summer resident in woods containing undergrowth. Most abundant on wooded hillsides. With the exception of the Ovenbird (S. aurocapillus), this is the most common warbler of our woodlands. April 25 to Sept. 3. Mr. E. R. Quick described a nest and eggs taken near here in 1882 in the Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History for 1882.

Genus HELMINTHOPHILA Ridgway.

*179. Helminthophila pinus (Linn.). (641). Blue-winged Warbler.
Summer resident, locally rather common. Sometimes arrives by April 23.
180. Helminthophila chrysoptera (Linn.). (642). Golden-winged Warbler.
Migrant; sometimes rather common last week in April and first week in May. Has not been recorded in autumn.
181. Helminthophila ruficapilla (Wils.). (645). Nashville Warbler.
Common migrant. April, May and September.
182. Helminthophila celata (Say). (646). Orange-crowned Warbler.
Rare migrant in spring. April 29, 1880, (Quick, Journ Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist., July 1880, p. 123), May 9, 1885.
183. Helminthophila peregrina (Wils.). (647). Tennessee Warbler.
Migrant; rare in spring, rather common in autumn. April, May, September and October.

Genus COMPSOTHLYPIS Cabanis.

184. Compsothlypis americana (Linn.). (648). Parula Warbler.
Rather common migrant in spring. April 25 to May 16.

List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind. 35

Genus DENDROICA Gray.
Subgenus Perissoglossa Baird.


185. Dendroica tigrina (Gmel.). (650). Cape May Warbler.
Rare migrant in spring. May 3 and 11, 1881.

Subgenus Dendroica Gray.

*186. Dendroica æstiva (Gmel.). (652). Yellow Warbler.
A common summer resident; occasionally arriving by April 16.
187. Dendroica cærulescens (Gmel.). (654). Black-throated Blue Warbler.
Migrant; rather common in oak woods. April, May and Sept.
188. Dendroica coronata (Linn.). (655). Myrtle Warbler.
Abundant migrant. February 22 to May 10, and October.
189. Dendroica maculosa (Gmel.). (657). Magnolia Warbler.
Uncommon migrant in May and September.
*190. Dendroica cærulea (Wils.). (658). Cerulean Warbler.
Common summer resident, occasionally arriving by April 24.
191. Dendroica pennsylvanica (Linn.). (659). Chestnut-sided Warbler.
Common migrant. May, August and September.
192. Dendroica castanea (Wils.). (660). Bay-breasted Warbler.
Rare migrant. May and September.
193. Dendroica striata (Forst.). (661). Black-poll Warbler.
Migrant; not common. May and September.
194. Dendroica blackburniæ (Gmel.). (662). Blackburnian Warbler.
Common migrant. May, August and September.
*195. Dendroica dominica albilora Baird. (663a). Sycamore Warbler.
A common summer resident along all our streams. They are rarely seen on the uplands. Apr. 3; Sept. 25.
196. Dendroica virens (Gmel.). (667). Black-throated Green Warbler.
Abundant migrant. April, May, September and October.
197. Dendroica vigorsii (Aud.). (671). Pine Warbler.
Rare migrant late in April and early in October, frequenting maple woods.
198. Dendroica palmarum (Gmel.). (672). Palm Warbler.
Migrant, more common in fall. April and September.

36 List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind.

Genus SEIURUS Swainson.


*199. Seiurus aurocapillus (Linn.). (674). Oven-Bird.
Very abundant summer resident. Apr. 14; Sept. 21.
200. Seiurus noveboracensis (Gmel.). (675). Water-thrush.
Regular migrant; not common. April, May and September.
*201. Seiurus motacilla (Vieill.). (676). Louisiana Water-thrush.
Summer resident, found about all the smaller streams in woodland. When these birds arrive they are paired and generally the female is ready for ovipositing. Apr. 21; Sept. 21.

Genus GEOTHLYPIS Cabanis.
Subgenus Oporornis Baird.

202. Geothlypis formosa (Wils.). (677). Kentucky Warber.
Rare summer resident. Generally arrive first week in May.
203. Geothlypis agilis (Wils.). (678). Connecticut Warbler.
Irregular migrant in spring. Common late in May, 1882. The last of the warblers to arrive in the spring.

Subgenus Geothlypis Cabanis.

204. Geothlypis philadelphia (Wils.). (679). Mourning Warbler.
Rare migrant. One specimen May 7, 1881.
*205. Geothlyois trichas (Linn.). Maryland Yellow-throat.
Summer resident; locally common. Apr. 18; Sept. 10.

Genus ICTERIA Vieillot.

*206. Icteria virens (Linn.). (683). Yellow-breasted Chat.
Common summer resident. Apr. 27 to October. Occasionally remains till early winter. Dec. 1, 1882.

Genus SYLVANIA Nuttall.

*207. Sylvania mitrata (Gmel.). (684). Hooded Warbler.
Rather common migrant. April, May and October. Rare summer resident. (Haymond).
208. Sylvania pusilla (Wils.). (685). Wilson's Warbler.
Migrant in autumn; not common. September.
209. Sylvania canadensis (Linn.). (686). Canadian Warbler.
Regular migrant; not common. May; September.

Genus SETOPHAGA Swainson.

*210. Setophaga ruticilla (Linn.). (687). American Redstart.
Abundant summer resident. Apr. 18; Sept. 21.

List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind. 37

Family MOTACILLIDÆ. Wagtails.
Genus ANTHUS Bechstein.
Subgenus Anthus.


211. Anthus pennsylvanicus (Lath.). (697). American Pipit.
Abundant migrant. March, April and November.

Family TROGLODYTIDÆ. Wrens, Thrashers, etc.
Subfamily Miminæ. Thrashers.
Genus MIMUS Boie.

*212. Mimus polyglottos (Linn.). (703). Mockingbird.
Rare summer resident. I took young, able to fly but a few yards, June 29, 1880.

Genus GALEOSCOPTES Cabanis.

*213. Galeoscoptes carolinensis (Linn.). (704). Catbird.
Abundant summer resident. Apr. 16; Oct. 4.

Genus HARPORHYNCHUS Cabanis.
Subgenus Methriopterus Reichenbach.

*214. Harporhynchus rufus (Linn.). (705). Brown Thrasher.
Common summer resident. March 31, September 11.

Subfamily Troglodytinæ. Wrens.
Genus THRYOTHORUS Vieillot.
Subgenus Thryothorus.

*215. Thryothorus ludovicianus (Lath.). (718). Carolina Wren.
Common resident. Has been found breeding from April 1 to early in December.

Subgenus Thryomanes Sclater.

*216. Thryothorus bewickii (Aud.). (719). Bewick's Wren.
A summer resident, not common; generally distributed over the county. Occasionally arrives by April 6.

Genus TROGLODYTES Vieillot.
Subgenus Troglodytes.

217. Troglodytes aedon Vieill. (721). House Wren.
Rare visitor. April 28, 1883. Breeds at Connersville, about nine miles north of the northern limit of Franklin County.

Subgenus Anorthura Rennie.

218. Troglodytes hiemalis Vieill. (722). Winter Wren.
Winter resident, more common in spring and fall. Oct. 8; Apr. 16.

38 List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind.

Genus CISTOTHORUS Cabanis.
Subgenus Cistothorus.


219. Cistothorus stellaris (Licht.). (724). Short-billed Marsh Wren.
Rare migrant in September.

Subgenus Telmatodytes Cabanis.

220. Cistothorus palustris (Wils.). (725). Long-billed Marsh Wren.
Rare migrant in May.

Family CERTHIIDÆ. Creepers.
Genus CERTHIA Linnæus.

221. Certhia familiaris americana (Bonap.). (726). Brown Creeper.
Common migrant and rare winter resident. Oct. 1; Apr. 19.

Family PARIDÆ. Nuthatches and Tits.
Subfamily Sittinæ. Nuthatches.
Genus SITTA Linnæus.

*222. Sitta carolinensis Lath. (727). White-breasted Nuthatch.
Common resident.
223. Sitta canadensis Linn. (728). Red-breasted Nuthatch.
Migrant in May; some years common.

Subfamily Parinæ. Titmice.
Genus PARUS Linnæus.
Subgenus Lophophanes Kaup.

*224. Parus bicolor Linn. (731). Tufted Titmouse.
Common resident.

Subgenus Parus Linnæus.

*225. Parus carolinensis Aud. (736). Carolina Chickadee.
Common resident.

Family SYLVIIDÆ. Warblers, Kinglets, Gnatcatchers.
Subfamily Regulinæ. Kinglets.
Genus REGULUS Cuvier.

226. Regulus satrapa Licht. (748). Golden-crowned Kinglet.
Common migrant and rare winter resident. October, November, March and April.

List of Birds Observed in Franklin County, Ind. 39

227. Regulus calendula (Linn.). (749). Ruby-crowned Kinglet.

Migrant; not so common as the last mentioned species. October, April and May.

Subfamily Polioptilinæ. Gnatcatchers.
Genus POLIOPTILA Sclater.

*228. Polioptila cærulea (Linn.). (751). Blue-gray Gnatcatcher.
Common summer resident, arriving generally about April 15. Mar. 31, 1884.

Family TURDIDÆ. Thrushes, Bluebirds, etc.
Subfamily Turdinæ. Thrushes.
Genus TURDUS Linnæus.
Subgenus Hylocichla Baird.

*229. Turdus mustelinus Gmel. (755). Wood Thrush.
Common summer resident; arrives sometimes Apr. 20.
230. Turdus fuscescens Steph. (756). Wilson's Thrush.
Rare migrant in May. (Quick).
231. Turdus aliciæ Baird. (757). Gray-cheeked Thrush.
Rare migrant.
232. Turdus ustulatus swainsonii (Cab.). (758a). Olive-backed Thrush.
Common migrant; April, May, September and October.
233. Turdus aonalaschkæ pallasii (Cab.). (759b). Hermit Thrush.
Migrant; not common. April and October.

Genus MERULA Leach.

*234. Merula migratoria (Linn.). (761.) American Robin.
Very abundant resident from early in February to late in October. Perhaps occasionally remains through the winter. Jan. 18, 1884.

Genus SIALIA Swainson.

*235. Sialia sialis (Linn.). (766.) Bluebird.
Irregularly resident. During severe winters they leave for a few weeks, but when the winters are milder they are present throughout the year.

Brookville, Ind., March 15, 1886.

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From ERRATA at end of Bulletin 2:

Page 12, for "traverse" read "traverses."
Page 16, for "Baldparte" read "Baldpate."
Page 20, for "Galinago" read "Gallinago."
Page 21, for "Charadius" read "Charadrius."
Page 28, for "Epidonax" read "Empidonax."
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