Indiana Geological Survey Annual Report 1870

MANUAL
OF THE
BOTANY OF JEFFERSON CO.,
BY
A. H. YOUNG,
OF HANOVER COLLEGE, IND.

PREPARED FOR THE
SECOND REPORT OF THE
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIANA.

INDIANAPOLIS:
1871.

S.G. R. -- 16

242

The following catalogue of plants, collected in Jefferson county, Indiana, was kindly furnished by A. H. Young, of Madison.

The list is very complete, and is a valuable contribution to our knowledge of the botany of the southern part of the State. The common names and medical properties, when known, are given in connection with the scientific nomenclature, so that a great many of the plants will be readily recognized by the less scientific students of botany.

E. T. Cox,

State Geologist.

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INTRODUCTION.

HANOVER, IND., November, 1871.

PROF.COX: -- The list of flowers furnished in this report, is, we think, but partial, and a thorough canvass of the hills and valleys, flat lands, marshes and pools, would largely increase it; placing it at least 200 to 300 species in advance of its present standing. This estimate, though somewhat large, is not beyond what we think reasonable; for our researches thus far have been confined to rather a small area, say one-sixth to one-fifth of the county. The supposition that there is in the county a large number of plants not mentioned in the Catalogue, is founded on the fact, that each new locality we have visited has disclosed several species differing from those found in other places not far distant, and also many plants unknown to us, that had not arrived at the analyzable period. The supposition is further strengthened by the great diversity of surface to be found in this county. From the river bluffs of the Ohio, creviced in all directions by ravines and gulleys, there rolls back a comparatively unbroken stretch of flat land -- this again is gradually changed, and the country becomes diversified by brooks, and creeks, along whose banks flowers flourish in great abundance.

The Cyperaceæ (Sedges,) Gramineæ (Grasses,) Filices (Ferns,) and Lichens, are all well represented in this county; and an interesting field of labor is opened to the Botanist

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in these departments. Especially in the rich moist woods do the ferns attain a luxuriant growth; some species, we think, being three to four feet in hight. Of the grasses we have examined a few, but not carefully enough to notice them in the report. Want of time and of the requisite instruments for investigating the properties of most of the above named classes, has deterred us from entering on their study. It is to be hoped that some one better able to prosecute this work, will at no distant day undertake the labor of presenting to the public a full list of the Flora of Jefferson county.

I am,

Your obedient servant,

A. H. Young.

ABBREVIATIONS.

The month named in the description, indicated the time of flowering.

The letters immediately following the specific name of each plant, indicates the person who first described it.

The abbreviation adv. for adventive, denotes that the plant is exotic.

Eu. Europe, Afr. Africa, Mex. Mexico, S. Am. South America.

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CATALOGUE
OF THE
FLORA
OF
JEFFERSON COUNTY, INDIANA.

Order 1. RANUNCULACEÆ. (CROWFOOT FAMILY.)

1. CLEMATIS, L. VIRGIN'S-BOWER.

1. C. Viorna, L. (LEATHER-FLOWER.) A vine, may be known by its thick sepals, which are reflexed at points, and of a purplish color. Plentiful. May, June, July.
2. C. Virginiana, L. (COMMON VIRGIN'S BOWER.) August. Medical properties of Viorna and Virginiana. These plants are in use in cancerous ulcers and severe headaches.

2. ANEMONE, L. (WIND-FLOWER.) 1. A. Virginiana, L. (VIRGINIAN ANEMONE.) Rather common on rocky cliffs. June to August.

3. HEPATICA, Dill. (LIVER-LEAF. HEPATICA. LIVERWORT.) 1. H. acutiloba, DC. (SHARP-LOBED HEPAVICA.) Varies in color from white to pink and purple. Seeks moist places, and flowers for about four weeks. March. Medical properties: Is a mild demulcent tonic and astringent.

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4. THALICTRUM, Tourn. (MEADOW-RUE.) 1. T. anemonoides, Michx. Found about the roots of trees. March. Very common.
2. T. dioicum, L. (EARLY MEADOW-RUE.) Fertile and sterile flowers on different plants; sterile most abundant. March, April, May.
3. T. purpurascens, L. (PURPLE M.) Rather a pretty plant, and somewhat common. April, May, June.

5. RANUNCULUS, L. CROWFOOT. BUTTERCUPS. 1. R. alismæfolius. Geyer. (WATER-PLANTAIN SPEARWORT.) Rather common in wet places. June, July, August.
2. R. Flammula, L. (SMALLER SPEARWORT.) Rather rare. July.
3. Var. reptans, (CREEPING S.) August.
4. R. abortivus, L. (SMALL-FLOWERING C.) Abundant; wet places. April, May.
5. R. recurvatus, Poir. (HOOKED C.) Damp soils. April.
6. R. fasicularis, Muhl. (EARLY C.) Rather rare. April.
7. R. repens, L. (CREEPING C.) Not plentiful. April, May. Med. prop, of the Buttercups: repens is used for inflaming and vesicating the skin. Its action, however, is uncertain.

6. AQUILEGIA, Tourn. (COLUMBINE.) 1. A. canadensis, L. (WILD COLUMBINE.) Very common on rocks. April to June.

7. DELPHINIUM, Tourn. (LARKSPUR.) 1. D. tricorne, Michx. (DWARF L.) Quite common on the river bluffs. April, May.
2. D. azureum, Michx. (AZURE L.) June.

8. HYDRASTIS, L. (ORANGE ROOT OR YELLOW PUCCOON.) 1. H. Canadensis, L. Flower but one, which is raised on a flower stem, and of a greenish color. Not common. March. Med. Prop.: Used as a dye, producing a permanent yellow. It is also used as a tonic and aperient.

9. ACTÆA, L. (BANEBERRY.) 1. A. spicata, L. var. rubra, Michx. (RED BANEBERRY.) Red berries. April and May.
2. A. alba, Bigel. (WHITE BANEBERRY.) White berries. April. Med. prop.: Actæa alba is mentioned as a violent purgative.

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10. CIMICIFUGA, L. (BUGBANE.) 1. C. racemosa, Ell. (BLACK SNAKEROOT.) July. Med. Prop.: Exercises considerable influence over the nervous system, probably of a sedative character. Dangerous in large doses.

Order 2. MAGNOLIACEÆ. (MAGNOLIA FAMILY.)

1. LIRIODENDRON, L. (TULIP TREE.)

1. L. Tulipifera, L. (POPLAR.) Common forest tree, and makes very good lumber -- from 2 to 6 feet in diameter. Med. Prop.: Used as a stimulant tonic, and for chronic rheumatism and dyspepsia. May and June.

2. MAGNOLIA. (MAGNOLIA.) 1. M. acuminata, L. (CUCUMBER-TREE.) This tree is said to be found in this county.

Order 3. ANONACEÆ. (CUSTARD-APPLE FAMILY.)

1. ASIMINA, Adans. (NORTH AMERICAN PAPAW.)

1. A. triloba, Dunal. (COMMON PAPAW.) An abundant shrub; flower, dark purple. March, April, and May.

Order 4. MENISPERMACEÆ. (MOONSEED FAMILY.)

1. MENISPERMUM, L. (MOONSEED.)

1. M. Canadense, L. (CANADIAN MOONSEED.) Plentiful; vining along fences, and over other plants. May to July.

Order 5. BERBERIDACEÆ. (BARBERRY FAMILY.)

1. CAULOPHYLLUM, Michx. (BLUE COHOSH.)

1. C. thalictroides, Michx. (BLUE C., OR PAPPOOSE ROOT.) Rare. April, May.

2. JEFFERSONIA. Barton. (TWIN LEAF.) 1. J. diphylla, Pers. Often found growing side by side with blood root, and for which the flower is sometimes taken. Roots very numerous, and take a deep hold for a small plant. April. Med. Prop.: The root is said to act an an emetic, in large doses, and as a tonic, and expectorant, in small doses.

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3. PODOPHYLLUM, L. (MAY APPLE. MANDRAKE) 1. P. peltatum, L. Very plentiful. April, May. Med. Prop.: It is an active and certain cathartic.

Order 6. PAPAVERACEÆ. (POPPY FAMILY.)

1. STYLOPHORUM, Nutt. (CELANDINE.)

1. S. diphyllum, Nutt. Very abundant, sometimes bedecking whole hillsides with its yellow hue. March, April, May, and June.

2. SANGUINARIA, Dill. (BLOOD-ROOT.) 1. S. Canadensis, L. Very pretty, and quite abundant. Found often in patches; season, about a month. March. Med. Prop.: Is an acrid emetic, with stimulant narcotic powers. Is, also, an expectorant. The plant occupies a high place in medicine.

Order 7. FUMARIACEÆ. (FURMITORY FAMILY.)

1. DICENTRA, Bork. (DUTCHMAN'S BREECHES.)

1. D. Cucullaria, DC. (DUTCHMAN'S BREECHES.) Plentiful, and grows frequently in large patches. Of a white color. March, April, and May.
2. D. Canadensis, DC. (SQUIRREL CORN.) In abundance, this species is not far behind calcullaria. Flower frequently tinged with purple. REMARKS. -- The other species eximia is probably found here, but we have not yet been able to satisfy ourself as to its identity.

2. CORYDALIS, Vent. (CORYDALIS.) 1. C. flavula, Raf. Not plentiful. April.
2. C. aurea, Wild. (GOLDEN C.) Plentiful -- seems to flourish best in stony places. Bright yellow. April, May.

Order 8. CRUCIFERÆ. (MUSTARD FAMILY.)

1. NASTURTIUM, R. Br. (WATER-CRESS.)

1. N. armoracia, Fries. (HORSE-RADISH.) Escaped from cultivation. Comparatively rare. Med. Prop. Is a valuable stimulant, as promoting appetite and invigorating digestion.

2. DENTARIA, L. (TOOTH-WORT. PEPPER-ROOT.) 1. D. diphylla, L. Rare, only two specimens having been found. April and May.
2. D. laciniata, Muhl. This plant varies much in the form of its leaf; being found in all grades from a fine linear, very accute leaf, to an oblong, almost oval. Very abundant. March to May.

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3. CARDAMINE, L. (BITTER-CRESS.) 1. C. rhomboidea, DC. (SPRING-CRESS.) Common in damp ground and along creeks. April, May.
2. C. rhomboidea, Var. purpurea. Torr. Rare. Of a purple color.
3. C. hirsuta, L. (SMALL BITTER CRESS.) April to July.
4. C. hirsuta, Var. Sylvatica. Dry ground. White color. March and April.

4. ARABIS, L. (ROCK CRESS.) 1. A. petræa, Lam. May.
2. A. patens, Sulliv. May.
3. A. lævigata, DC. Common on rock. Flowers white. March.
4. A. hesperidoides, May and June.

5. BARBAREA, R. Br. (WINTER CRESS.) 1. B. vulgaris, (COMMON WINTER CRESS. YELLOW ROCKET.) April and May. Wet places. Rare.

6. SISYMBRIUM, L. (HEDGE MUSTARD.) 1. S. officinale, Scop. (HEDGE MUSTARD.) Gardens and meadows, common. May and June. Med.Prop. The juice mixed with sugar is useful in chronic coughs, hoarseness, and ulcerations of mouth.

7. BRASSICA, Tourn. 1. B. (or SINAPIS) ALBA. (WHITE MUSTARD.) Cultivated and adventive from Europe. Not common.
2. B. (or SINAPIS) NIGRA. (BLACK MUSTARD.) Very common. Adventive from Europe. Med. Prop. The uses of these plants are almost too familiar to need my remarks. Suffice it to say, that mustard is used as a laxative, emetic, stimulant and rubefacient, according to doses used.

8. ALYSSUM, Tourn. (ALLYSSUM.) 1. A. MARITIMUM, L. (SWEET ALLYSSUM.) Escaped from cultivation. June.

9. CAMELINA, Crantz. (FALSE FLAX.) 1. C. SATIVA. A weed in flax fields. Adv. from Europe. June.

10. CAPSELLA, Vent. 1. C. BURSA-PASTORIS. (SHEPHERD'S PURSE.) Grows everywhere, and seems to flourish best where it is most likely to be trodden down. Adv. from Europe. March to December, if weather is warm.

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11. LEPIDIUM, L. (PEPPERWORT. PEPPERGRASS.) 1. L. Virginicum, L. (WILD PEPPERGRASS.) May to September, a common weed.

Order 9. CAPPARIDACEÆ. (CAPPARIDS.)

1. POLANISIA, Raf.

1. P. graveolens, Raf. Plentiful. June.

Order 10. VIOLACEÆ. (VIOLET FAMILY.)

1. SOLAE, Ging., DC. (GREEN VIOLET.)

1. S. concolor, Ging. Found mostly about rocks. Rather common. April, May and June.

2. VIOLA, L. (VIOLET. HEART'S-EASE.) 1. V. rotundifolia, Michx. (ROUND-LEAVED VIOLET.) Found on hill-sides, and is rare. March and April.
2. V. lanceolata, L. (LANCE-LEAVED VIOLET.) Wet meadows. Very common. April and May.
3. V. cucullata, Ait. (COMMON BLUE VIOLET.) Found growing everywhere. March to May.
4. V. cucullata, Var. palmata. (HAND-LEAF VIOLET.) Rather scarce. April and May.
5. cucullata, Var. abba. Y. & N. (WHITE VIOLET.) Some specimens are smooth, and some very hairy. Lower petal streaked with purple lines, side petals bearded. Both dry and wet soils. The leaves as in cucullata. April.
6. V. sagittata, Ait. (ARROW-LEAVED VIOLET.) Rather plentiful; moist meadows. May.
7. V. striata, Ait. (PALE VIOLET.) Abundant. April and May.
8. V. Canadensis, L. (CANADA VIOLET.) Color of the flowers vary, even on the same plant. Common. April to July.
9. V. pubescens, Ait. (DOWNEY YELLOW VIOLET.) Common, It varies from pubescent to almost smooth.

Order 11. HYPERICACEÆ. (ST. JOHN'S-WORT FAMILY.)

1. HYPERICUM. ST. JOHN'S-WORT.

1. H. prolificum, L. (SHRUBBY ST. JOHN'S-WORT. July to September.
2. H. perforatum, L. (COMMON ST. JOHN'S-WORT.) Nat. from Europe. June. Med. prop.: Leaves and seeds act as an astringent.
3. H. corymbosum, Muhl. Plentiful. June, July.
4. H. mutilum, L. July.

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Order 12. CARYOPHYLLACEÆ. (PINK FAMILY.)

1. SAPONARIA, L. (SOAP-WORT.)

1. S. OFFICINALIS, L. (COMMON SOAP-WORT. BOUNCING BET.) Sparingly escaped from cultivation. The principal Saponin obtained from plant is said to be poisonous.

2. VACCARIA, Medik. (COW-HERB.) 1. V. VULGARIS, Horst. Escaped from cultivation. Adv. from Eu. July to October.

3. SILENE, L. (CATCHFLY. CAMPION.) 1. S. stellata, Ait. (STARRY CAMPION.) Rather scarce. June and July.
2. S. nivea, DC. Rare. August.
3. S. Pennsylvanica, Michx. (WILD PINK.) Rare. July.
4. S. Virginica, L. (FIRE PINK. CATCHFLY.) Plentiful in certain localities. May. Med. prop.; A decoction of the root is said to act as an anthelmintic.
5. S. NOCTIFLORA, L. (NIGHT-FLOWERING C.) Rather rare. Nat. from Eu.

4. LYCHIS, Tourn. (LYCHNIS COCKLE.) 1. L. GITHAGO, Lam. (CORN COCKLE.) Found in wheat and old fields. Although a very pretty weed, it is a great nuisance to the farmer, and should be destroyed immediately, otherwise it will be very troublesome. Adv. from Eu. May, June.

5. STELLARIA, L. (CHICKWEED. STARWORT.) 1. S. MEDIA, Smith. Grows best on moist soils. Flowers from March till frost comes in the fall. Nat. from En.
2. S. pubera, Michx. (GREAT CHICKWEED.) Scarce. Found generally in small bunches or clumps. White. March and April.
3. S. longifolia, Muhl. (LONG-AEAVED STICHWORT.) Common along creeks. April to June.

6. CERASTIUM, L. (MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED.) 1. C. VULGATUM, L. (MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED.) Common along road-sides and waste places. April. Nat. from Eu.
2. C. VISCOSUM, L. (LARGER M.) Aug. Nat. from Eu.
3. C. nutans, Raf. April and May.

7. ANYCHIA, Michx. (FORKED CHICKWEED.) 1. A. dichotoma. Very common. May.

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8. MOLLUGO, L. (INDIAN CHICKWEED.) 1. N. verticillata, L. (CARPET-WEED.) Common in gardens, sometimes almost furnishing a carpet of its leaves for large spaces. July.

Order 13. PORTULACACEÆ. (PURSLANE FAMILY.)

1. PORTULACA, Tourn. (PURSLANE.)

1. P. OLERACEA, L. (COMMON PURSLANE.) A troublesome weed in gardens. Seeming impossible to exterminate it. Hogs are very fond of it. Med. Prop.: Purslane is considered a cooling diuretic, and is recommended in scurvy, and affections of the urinary passages. Nat. from Eu. July and August.

2. CLAYTONIA, L. (SPRING-BEAUTY.) 1. C. Virginica, L. Has very narrow linear leaves, and is much more abundant than the next species. March and April.
2. C. Caroliniana, Michx. Leaves two or three times broader than Virginica. Comparatively rare. March and April.

Order 14. MALVACEÆ. (MALLOW FAMILY.)

1. MALVA, L. (MALLOW.)

1. M. ROTUNDIFOLIA, L. (COMMON MALLOW.) Common. Nat. from Eu.

2. SIDA, L. (SIDA.) 1. S. SPINOSA, L. A common weed along roadsides, and in gardens. Nat. from Trop. Amer. or Afr. July and August.

3. ABUTILON, Tourn. (INDIAN MALLOW.) 1. A. AVICENNÆ, Gærtn. (VELVET LEAF.) Waste places. July. Adv. from India.

Order 15. TILIACEÆ. (LINDEN FAMILY.)

1. TILIA, L. (LINDEN BASSWOOD.)

1. T. Americana, L. (BASSWOOD.) See Wood's Botany for description of the tree. The timber is very valuable; the wood soft and white. June and July.
2. T. heterophylla, Vent. (WHITE BASSWOOD.) River bluffs. Not common. A very pretty tree. May and June.

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Order 16. LINACEÆ. (FLAX FAMILY.)

1. LINUM, L. (FLAX.)

1. L. USITATISSIMUM, L. (COMMON FLAX.) Found occassionally in old fields, or along roadsides. July. Europe. Med. Prop.: Valuable as a demulcent and mollient, in inflammatory affections of the mucous membrane of the lungs, intestines, and urinary passages.

Order 17. GERANIACEÆ. (GERANIUM FAMILY.)

1. GERANIUM, L. (CRANESBILL.)

1. G. maculatum, L. (WILD CRANEBILL.) Plentiful. April and May. Med. Prop.: This plant is one of the best astringents; and is particularly useful to infants, and persons of very delicate stomach. Is used in cases of diarrhœa, chronic dysentery, and cholera infantum.

2. IMPATIENS, L. (BALSAM. JEWEL-WEED.) 1. I. pallida, Nutt. (PALE TOUCH-ME-NOT.) Moist places. Common. July and August.
2. I. fulva, Nutt. (SPOTTED TOUCH-ME-NOT.) Wet places. Common. July.

3. OXALIS, L. (WOOD-SORREL.) 1. O. Violacea, L. (VIOLET W.) Abundant. Grows is patches. April and May.
2. O. stricta, L. (YELLOW W.) Common in woods, and along old fences. May to September.

Order 18. RUTACEÆ. (RUE FAMILY.)

1. ZANTHOXYLUM, Colden. (PRICKLY ASH.)

1. Z. Americanum, Mill. (NORTHERN PRICKLY ASH.) Not rare. Med. Prop.: It is used as a stimulant in medicine.

2. PTELEA, L. (SHRUBBY TREFOIL. HOP TREE.) 1. P. trifoliata, L. Gray states the odor of the flowers is disagreeable, while we have found it just the opposite, viz, pleasant.

3. AILANTUS. (CHINESE TREE-OF-HEAVEN.) 1. A. GLANDULOSUS, Desf. Med. Prop.: The powdered bark of this tree, is a powerful anthelmintic, and has been used very successfully in expelling the tape worm from the human body. May. Adv. from China.

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Order 19. ANACARDIACEÆ. (CASHEW FAMILY.)

1. RHUS, L. (SUMACH.)

1. R. glabra, L. (SMOOTH S.) Rather common. Med. prop. The berries are astringent and refrigerant, and are considered almost as a specific in sore mouth, attending mercurial salivation. June and July.
2. R. copallina, L. (DWARF S.) July and August.
3. R. Toxicodendron, L. (POISON IVY. POISON OAK.) Common. Found vining on trees and along fences. April and May. This plant not only poisons by immediate contact, but it also gives off a volatile principle, which, on some persons, acts very readily, even when they come within the vicinity of the plant. It produces, by its action, erysipelatoid affection.
4. R. aromatica, Ait. (FRAGRANT S.) Rare. Found in only one locality, and that is a high bluff of the river. The plant is considered not poisonous, but the leaves and juice, to our knowledge, produced sores on the mouth of one who chewed them.

Order 20. VITACEÆ. (VINE FAMILY.)

1. VITIS, Tourn. (GRAPE.)

1. V. labrusca, L. (NORTHERN FOX-GRAPE.) Common; and the vine is often of considerable thickness. May and June.
2. V. æstivalis, Michx. (SUMMER GRAPE.) Scarcer than LABRUSCA. Thickets. May.
3. V. indivisa. (WILD.) Rare. June.

2. AMPELOPIS, Michx. (VIRGINIA CREEPER.) 1. A. quinquefolia, Michx. Called AMERICAN IVY and WOODBINE. Very common; found attached to fences and trees. June and July.

Order 21. CELESTRACÆ. (STAFF-TREE FAMILY.)

1. CELASTRUS, L. (STAFF-TREE. SHRUBBERY BITTER SWEET.)

1. C. scandens, L. (WAX-WORK. CLIMBING BITTER SWEET.) Not plentiful. A climbing shrub. May and June. Med. prop. Possesses emetic, diaphoretic, and narcotic properties.

2: EUONYMUS, Tourn. (SPINDLE-TREE.) 1. E: atropurpureus, Jacq. (BURNING BUSH. WAAHOO.) Rather common. May be known by the bright red color of its fruit, which reaches maturity in the autumn. The properties of this plant are not well known.
2. E: Americanus, Var. Obovatus. Torr. and Gray. Rare.

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Order 22. SAPINDACEÆ. (SOAPBERRY FAMILY.)

1. STAPHYLAE, L. (BLADDER-NUT.)

1. S. trifolia, L. (AMERICAN BLADDER-NUT.) Found in the neighborhood of small streams. Flower greenish white. Common. April and May.

2. ÆSCULUS, L. (HORSE-CHESTNUT. BUCKEYE.) 1. Æ. glabra, Willd. (FETID OR OHIO BUCKEYE.) Plentiful in the woods; wood of no use except for firewood. April to June.
2. Æ. flava, Ait. (SWEET BUCKEYE.) Rather rare. April and May.
3. Æ. flava. Var. PURPURASCENS. Rare. May.

3. ACER, Tourn. (MAPLE.) 1. A. sacharinum, Wank. (SUGAR OR ROCK M.) One of our most common trees, forty to eighty feet high. The flowers are of a greeish color. From this tree the maple molasses and sugar are obtained. March, April.
2. A. dasycarpum, Ehrhast. (WHITE OR SILVER MAPLE.) Scarce. Found along river banks. April.
3. A. rumbrum, D. (RED OR SWAMP MAPLE.) One of the first flowering trees in spring. Very abundant on wet lands back from the river. Wood quite soft. Tree forty to sixty feet high, and, when covered with blossoms, is a very pretty sight. March.

4. NEGUNDO, Moench. (BOX ELDER.) 1. N. aceroides; Moench. (ASH-LEAVED MAPLE.) A rather rare tree, and is cultivated for ornament. Found along the Ohio river bank. Thirty to fifty feet high.

5. CARDIOSPERMUM, L. (HEART SEED.) 1. C. Hallacabum, L. See "Woods' Botany" for description of plant. August.

Order 23. LEGUMINOSÆ. (PULSE FAMILY)

1. TRIFOLIUM, L. (CLOVER TREFOIL.)

1. T. PRATENSE, L. (RED CLOVER.) This and repens are the common clover of our fields and meadows. May. Adv. from Eu.
2. T. repens, L. (WHITE C.) Fine for bees. April.

2. MELILOTUS, Tourn. (MELILOT. SWEET CLOVER.) 1. M. ALBA, Lam. (WHITE M.) Rare. Adv. from Eu. August.

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3. ROBINIA, L. (LOCUST-TREE.) 1. R. Pseudacacia, L. (COMMON LOCUST.) Tree common, and is valuable timber. April and May. Medl prop.: Tonic, in small doses, purgative, and emetic in large doses.

4. ASTRALGUS, L. (MILK VETCH.) 1. A. Canadensis, L. Rare. A very pretty plant. May, June.

5. DESMODIUM, DC. (TICK-TREFOIL.) 1. D. nudiflorum, DC. August.
2. D. acuminatum, DC. July.
3. D. pauciflorum, DC. August.
4. D. rotundiflorum, DC. August.
5. D. viridiflorum, Beck. August.
6. D. Dillenii, Darlingt. July.
7. D. paniculatum, DC. August.
8. D. ciliare, DC. August.

6. PHASEOLUS, L. (KIDNEY BEAN.) 1. P. perennis, Walt. (WILD BEAN.) August.
2. P. helvolus, L. August.

7. BAPTISIA, Vent. (FALSE INDIGO.) 1. B. australis, R. Brown. (BLUE FALSE INDIGO.) Found along river banks. June.
2. B. leucantha, Torr. & Gray. Rare; fields. White. June.

8. CERCIS, L. (RED-BUD. JUDAS-TREE.) 1. C. Canadensis, L. (RED-BUD.) Very abundant, and when in blossom is very pretty. March and April.

9. CASSIA, L. (SENNA.) 1. C. Marilandica, L. (WILD SENNA.) Common along small creeks. Leaflets oblique at base. August and July.
2. C. Chamæcrista, L. (PARTRIDGE PEA.) Rare. August.
REMARK. -- Have probably a variety of obtusifolia, or else an entirely new species. Having found but one specimen, and that somewhat defective, we could not determine certainly its identity.

10. GYMNOCLAUDUS, Lam. (KENTUCKY COFFEE-TREE.) 1. G. Canadensis, Lam. Rather rare. Flowers quite fragrant. May.

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11. GLEDISCHIA. (HONEY LOCUST.) 1. G. triacanthos, L. (HONEY LOCUST OR THREE-THORNED ACACIA.) Common. Bloom quite fragrant.

Order 24. ROSACEÆ. (ROSE FAMILY.)

1. PRUNUS, Tourn. (PLUM AND CHERRY.)

1. P. Americana, Marshall. (WILD YELLOW OR RED PLUM.) Quite common. The fruit seldom reaches maturity. Thickets; and is somewhat cultivated. March and April.
2. P. serotina, Ehrhart. (WILD BLACK CHERRY.) Common along old fences and edges of woods. Wood hard. Tree often quite large. April and May.

2. SPIREA, L. (MEADOW SWEET.) 1. S. opulifolia, L. (NINE-BARK.) Rather rare May.
2. S. salicifolia, L. (COMMON MEADOW SWEET.) May.
3. S. tomentosa, L. (HARDHACK, STEEPLE BUSH.) Common about old meadows and thickets. June and July. Med. prop. Used as a tonic and as an astringent. And may be used in diarrhœa and cholera infantum.
4. S. Aruncus, L. (GOAT'S BEARD.) Has its flowers in a compound panicle, making a bunch of flowers about the size of the head. Rare. May and June.

3. GEUM, L. (AVENS.) 1. G. album, Gmelin. Common. June.
2. G. Virginianum, L. June and July.
3. G. strictum, Ait. July.
4. G. vernum, Torr. and Gray.

4. POTENTILLA, L. (CINQUE-FOIL. FIVE-FINGER.) 1. P. Norvegica, L. Rare. June.
2. P. Canadensis, L. (COMMON CINQUE-FOIL.) Common fields. April and May.

5. FRAGARIA, Tourn. (STRAWBERRY.) 1. F. Virginiana, Var. Illinœnsis. Rather common. April.
2. F. vesca, (ENGLISH STRAWBERRY.)

6. RUBRS, Tourn. (BRAMBLE.) 1. R. strigosus, Michx. (WILD RED RASPBERRY.) May.
2. R. accidentalis, L. (BLACK RASPBERRY.) Common. Rocky places. April and May.

S. G. R. -- 17

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3. R. villosus, Ait. (COMMON OR HIGH BLACKBURRY.) Very common. May. Med. prop. The roots of the blackberry and bewberry are tonic and strongly astringent.
4. R. villosus. (VAR.HUMIFUSUS.) About woods. Trailing. May.
5. R. Canadensis, L. (LOW BLACKBERRY. DEWBERRY.) Common. Fields and meadows, April and May.
6. R. hispidus, L. (RUNNING SWAMP BLACKBURRY.) Common in wet or moist fields. June.

7. ROSA, Tourn. (ROSE.) 1. R. setigera, Michx. (CLINGING OR PRAIRIE ROSE.) Rather rare. June.
2. R. Carolina, L. (SWAMP ROSE.) June and July.
3. R. lucida, Ehrhart. (DWARF WILD ROSE.) May and June.
4. R. lucida, (VAR. NITIDA.) Wild. May and June.
5. R. RUBIGINOSA, L. (SWEET BRIER.) Quite common. Nat. from Eu. May and June.
6. R. MICRANTHA, Smith. (SMALL FLOWERED ROSE.) Nat. from Eu. May and June.

8. CRATGAUS, L. (HAWTHORN. WHITE THORN.) 1. C. coccina, L. SCARLET-FRUITED THORN.) Rather common. April and May.
2. C. tomentosa, L. (BLACK OR PEAR THORN.) Our most common haw. Woods and thickets. April and May.
3. C. tomentosa, (VAR. PUNCTATA.) Common. April and May.
4. C. Crus-galli, L. (COCKSPUR THORN.) Rare. April and May.

9. PYRUS, L. (APPLE.) 1. P. coronoria, L. (AMERICAN CRAB-APPLE.) Rare. April.
2. P. arbutifolia, L. (CHOKE BERRY.) Quite common in wet grounds. This shrub may be found with blossoms when not any more than six inches high. It reaches a hight of from eight to ten feet; diameter, one-half to three-fourths of an inch.

10. AMELANCHIER, Medic. (JUNE-BERRY.) 1. A. Canadensis. (TORR. and GRAY.) Rare, and is being killed by frosts. April.
2. A. Canadensis. (VAR. BOTRYPIUM.)

Order 25. SAXIFRAGACEÆ. (SAXIFRAGACEÆ FAMILY.)

1. RIBES, L. (CURRANT. GOOSEBERRY.)

1. R. cynosbati, L. Seems to thrive best among the rocks and cliffs. Common. Flowers greenish. April.

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2. R. rotundifolium, Michx. March and April.
3. R. prostratum, L, Her. (FETID CURRANT.) Rare. April.

2. HYDRANGEA, Gronov. (HYDRANGEA.) 1. H.arborescens, L. (WILD HYDRANGEA.) Common on rocky cliffs. June.

3. ASTILBE, Don. (FALSE GOATSBEARD.) 1. A. decandra, Don. Rather common. Woods. July and August.

4. SULLIVANTIA, Torr. & Gray. (SULLIVANTIA.) 1. S. Ohionis Torr. & Gray. Found growing on the rocky cliffs in spots where the earth has fallen. Delicate pinkish white flowers, and beautiful round shining leaves. June.

5. HEUCHERA, D. (ALUM-ROOT.) 1. H. Americana, L. (COMMON ALUM-ROOT.) Rather common. Med. prop.: Is a powerful astringent.

6. MITELLA, Tourn. (MITRE-WORT. BISHOPS-CAP.) 1. M. diphylla, L. Very delicate flowers. Found in rocky places. Common. March and April.

Order 26 CRASSULACEÆ. (ORPINE FAMILY.)

1. PENTHORUM, Gronov. (DITCH STONE-CROP.)

1. P. sedoides, L. Not common. July.

2. SEDUM, Tourn. (STONE-CROP. ORPINE.) 1. S. ternatum, Michx. Common on rocks. April and May.

Order 27. HAMAMELACEÆ. (WITCH HAZEL FAMILY.)

1. HAMAMELIS, L. [WITCH HAZEL.]

1. H. Virginica, L. Blooms in the autumn, and the flowers remain till spring, so that it would lead one finding it in spring to think that it was a spring flower. Med. prop.: A decoction of the bark is useful in hemorrhage of the lungs and stomach.

2. LIQUIDAMBAR, L. (SWEET GUM TREE.) 1. L. Styraciflua, L. [SWEET GUM. BILSTED.] Plentiful. The timber is not of any use except as fuel. April. Med. prop.: A syrup made from bark may be used in summer diarrhœa and dysentery.

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Order 28. HALORAGEÆ. (WATER MILFOIL FAMILY.)

1. PROSERPINACA, L. (MERMAID-WEED.)

1. P. palustris, L. Common. Wet pools. June.

Order 29. ONAGRACEÆ. (EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY.)

1. CIRCÆA, Tourn. [ENCHANTERS' NIGHT-SHADE.]

1. C. Lutetiana, L. Rich moist woods. June.
2. C. alpina, L. This species is doubtful. June.

2. ŒNOTHERA. (EVENING PRIMROSE.) 1. Œ. biennis, L. (COMMON EVENING PRIMROSE.) July and August.
2. Œ. biennis, Var. (PARVIFLORA.) Aug.
3. Œ. fruiticosa, L. (SUNDROPS.) Rather rare. June.

3. LUDWIGIA, L. (FALSE LOOSE-STRIFE.) 1. L. alternifolia, L. (SEED BOX.) Plentiful. July.
2. L. hirtella, Raf. August and September.
3. L. virgata, Ph. August.

Order 30. MELASTOMCAEÆ. (MELASTOMA FAMILY.)

1. RHEXIA, L. (DEER GRASS. MEADOW BEAUTY.)

1. R. Virginica, L. Plentiful in wet or moist meadows. July and August.

Order 31. LYTHRACAEÆ. (LOOSESTRIFE.)

1. CUPHEA, Jacq. (CUPHEA.)

1. C. viscosissima, Jacq. (CLAMMY CUPHEA.) Rare. July and August.

2. AMMANIA, Houston. (AMMANIA.) 1. A. latifolia, L. This species somewhat doubtful.

Order 32. PASSIFLORCEAÆ. (PASSION FLOWER FAMILY.)

1. PASSIFLORA, L. (PASSION FLOWER.)

1. P. lutea, L. Rare. A very remarkable flower. June, July and August.

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Order 33. CUCURBITACEÆ. (GOURD FAMILY.)

1. MELOTHRIA, L. (MELOTHRIA.)

1. M. pendula, L. August and September.

2. SICYOS. (ONE-SEEDED STAR CUCUMBER.) 1. S. angulatus. L. Rather common. September.

Order 34. UMBELLIFERÆ. (PARSLEY FAMILY.)

1. SANICULA, Tourn. (SANICLE OR BLACK SNAKEROOT.)

1. S. Canadensis, L. May.
2. S. Marilandica, L. July. Med. prop.: Useful in intermittent fever. Known as BLACK SNAKEROOT.

2. DAUCUS, Tourn. (CARROT.) 1. D. Carota, L. (COMMON CARROT.) Sparingly escaped into the fields. Adv. from Eu. June.

3. PASTINACA, Tourn. (PARSNIP.) 1. P. sativa, L. (COMMON PARSNIP.) May and June.

4. ARCHEMORA, DC. (COWBANE.) 1. A. rigida, DC. This plant is a deadly poison. June, July and August.

5. THASPIUM, Nutt. (MEADOW PARSNIP.) 1. T. barbinode, Nutt. May.
2. T. aureum, Nutt. Moist places. May.
3. T. trifoliatum. Rare. April.

6. CICUTA, L. (WATER HEMLOCK.) 1. C. Maculata, L. (SPOTTED COWBANE.) Poisonous. Wet places. July.

7. CRYPTOTÆNIA, DC. (HONEWORT.) 1. C. Canadensis, DC. June.

8. CHÆROPHYLLUM, L. (CHERVIL.) 1. C. procumbens, Lam. Plentiful. Moist places. April.

9. OSMORRHIZA, Raf. (SWEET CICELY.) 1. O. longistylis, DC. (SMOOTH SWEET CICELY.) Common. May.

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2. O. brevistylis, DC. (HAIRY SWEET CICELY.) April.

10. ERIGENIA, Nutt. (HARBINGER OF SPRING.) 1. E. bulbosa, Nutt. Commonly called Pepper and Salt. Found abundantly on the river bluffs. March and April.

Order 35. ARALIACEÆ. (GINSENG FAMILY.)

1. ARALIA, Tourn. (GINSENG OR WILD SARSAPARILLA.)

1. A. spinosa, L. (ANGELICA-TREE, HERCULES' CLUB.) Rather common; woods and thickets. July and August. Med. prop. An infusion acts as an emetic and cathartic.
2. A. quinquefolia, (GINSENG.) June.

Order 36. CORNACEÆ. (DOGWOOD FAMILY.)

1. CORNUS, Tourn. (CORNEL. DOGWOOD.)

1. C. florida, L. (DWARD CORNEL. BUNCH-BERRY.) Most abundant on the river bluffs, but frequently met with on the flats back from the river. March, April and May.
2. C. sericea, L. (SILKY CORNEL. KINNIKINNICK.) Rare. June. Med. prop. Both the florida and sericea may be used as tonics and astringents.
3. C. asperifolia, Michx. (ROUGH-LEAVED DOGWOOD.)
4. C. paniculata, L'Her. (PANICLED CORNEL.) Rather rare. May.
5. C. alternifolia, L. (ALTERNATE-LEAVED CORNEL.) Rare. May.

2. NYSSA, L. (TUPELO. PEPPERIDGE. SOUR GUM-TREE.) 1. N. multiflora. Common; woods. The timber is not valuable. Thirty to fifty feet high.

Order 37. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ. (HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY.)

1. SYMPHORICARPUS, Dill. (SNOWBERRY.)

1. S. occidentalis, R. Brown. (WOLFBERRY.) August.
2. S. racemosus, Michx. (SNOWBERRY.) May.

2. LONICERA, L. (HONEYSUCKLE. WOODBINE.) 1. L. sempervirens. Ait. (TRUMPET. HONEYSUCKLE.) A few specimens of this plant have been found. May.

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3. TRIOSTEUM, L. (FEVER-WORT. HORSE-GENTIAN.) 1. T. perfoliatum, L. Common. Med. prop. The bark of the roots acts as an emetic and cathartic. April and May.

4. SAMBUCUS, Tourn. (ELDER.) 1. S. Canadensis, L. (COMMON ELDER.) Common. May and June. Med. Prop.: The flowers, in the form of a poultice are gently excitant and sudorific, and the berries act as an aperient.

5. VIBURNUM, L. (ARROW-WOOD. LAURESTINUS.) 1. V. lentago, L. (SWEET VIBURNUM. SHEEP BERRY.) April and May.
2. V. prunifolium, L. (BLACK HAW.) Rather rare. April and May.
3. V. prunifolium Var. ferrugineum. Leaves ovate to oval and rusty beneath, shining above. May.
4. V. dentatum, L. (ARROW-WOOD.) Rather common. Moist thickets. May and June.
5. V. molle, Michx. June.
6. V. acerifolium, L. (MAPLE-LEAVED A. DOCKMACKIE.)

Order 38. RUBIACEÆ. (MADDER FAMILY.)

1. GALIUM, L. (BEDSTRAW. CLEAVERS.)

1. G. Aparine, L. (CLEAVERS. GOOSE-GRASS.) Quite common. White. April.
2. G. asprellum, Michx. (ROUGH BEDSTRAW.) July.
3. G. concinnum, Torr. and Gray. May.
4. G. trifidum, L. (SMALL BEDSTRAW.) June.
5. G. trifidnm Var. tinctorium. May.
6. G. trifidum. (Var. LATIFOLIUM.) June.
7. G. triflorum, Michx. (SWEET-SCENTED BEDSTRAW.) June.
8. G. circæzans, Michx. (WILD LIQUORICE.) May and June.
9. G. uniflorum, Michx. May.

2. SPERMACOCE, L. (BUTTON WEED.) 1. S. glabea, Michx. May and June.

3. CEPHALANTHUS, L. (BUTTON BUSH.) 1. C. occidentalis, L. Rather common. June and July. Med. Prop.: Used as a tonic and laxative.

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4. MITCHELLA, L. (PARTRIDGE BERRY.) 1. M. repens. Common. Woods, about the roots of trees. May and June.

5. HOUSTONIA, L. (HOUSTONIA.) 1. H. purpurea, L. Common. Moist meadows. April and May.
2. H. cærulea, L. (BLUETS. DWARF PINE. INNOCENCE.) Plentiful. Wet grounds. April and May.

Order 39. VALERIANACEÆ. (VALERIAN FAMILY.)

1. VALERIANA, Tourn. (VALERIAN.)

1. V. pauciflora, Michx. Common. Moist woods. Root leaves heart-shaped. May.
2. V. sylvatica, Richards. Damp woods. May.

2. FEDIA. (CORN SALAD. LAMB-LETTUCE.) 1. F. olitoria, Vahl. Abundant. Escaped from cultivation. Adv. from Eu. April and May.

Order 40. DIPSACEÆ. (TEASEL FAMILY.)

1. DIPSACUS, Tourn. (TEASEL.)

1. D. sylvestris, Mill. (WILD TEASEL.) Very common. June and July. Nat. from Eu.

Order 41. COMPOSITÆ. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.)

1. VERNONIA, Schreb. (IRON WEED.)

1. Noveboracensis, Wild. Very common, and a great nuisance in pastures, as it is very hard to exterminate. Summer months.

2. ELEPHANTOPUS, L. (ELEPHANT'S FOOT.) 1. E. Carolinianus, Wild. Common -- Creek and river banks. August and September.

3. EUPATORIUM, Tourn. (THOROUGHWORT BONESET.) 1. E. purpurium, L. (JOE-RYE WEED. TRUMPET WEED.) Rather common. August.
2. E. fistulosum, Barratt. (TRUMPET WEED.) See Wood's Botany for description. August.

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3. E. perfoliatum, L. (THOROUGHWORT BONESET.) Common; fields and woods. July and August to October.
4. E. serotinum, Michx. August and September.
5. E. ageratoides, (WHITE SNAKE-ROOT.) August and September.

4. ASTER, L. (STARWORT ASTER.) 1. A. undulatus, (VAR. ASPERULUS.) See Wood's Botany for description. October.
2. A. Shortii, Bott. September.
3. A. cordifolius, L. September.
4. A. ericoides, L. September.
5. A. tenuifolius, L. November.

5. ERIGERON, L. (FLEABANE.) 1. E. Canadense, L. (HORSE-WEED. BUTTERWEED.) Common. August and September.
2. E. bellidifolium, Muhl. (ROBIN'S PLANTAIN.)
3. E. Philadelphicum, L. (COMMON FLEABANE.) Medical Prop.: either bellidifolium or Philadelphicum, will make a pleasant diuretic.
4. E. annum, Pers. (DAISY FLEABANE. SWEET SCABIOUS.) This is a very troublesome weed in meadows. Very common. May to August.
5. E. strigosum, Muhl. (DAISY FLEABANE.) Plentiful. June to August.

6. DIPLOPAPPUS, Cass. (DOUBLE-BRISTLED ASTER.) 1. D. umbellatus, Torr. & Gray. August.

7. BOLTONIA, L'Her. (BOTTONIA.) 1. R. glastifolia. August.

8. Solidago, L. (GOLDEN-ROD.) 1. S. petiolaris, Ait. September and October.
2. S. cæsia, L. September.
3. S. puberula, Nutt. August and September.
4. S. arguta, Ait. June.
5. S. altissima, L. August and September.
6. S. ulmifolia, Muhl. August and September.
7. S. pilosa, Walt. September.
8. S. nemoralis, Ait. September.
9. S. Canadensis, L. August.
10. S. gigantea, Ait. August and September.
11. S. lanceolata, L. August.

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9. INULA. L. (ELECAMPANE.) 1. I. Helenium, L. (COMMON ELECAMPANE.) June and July. Eu. Med. prop.: Tonic and gently stimulant.

10. PLUCHEA, Cass. (MARSH FLEABANE.) 1. P. fœtida, DC. Rather common. August.

11. POLYMNIA, L. (LEAF-CUP.) 1. P. Uvedalia, L. August.

12. PARTHENIUM, L. (PARTHENIUM.) 1. P. integrifolium, L. June.

13. AMBROSIA, Tourn. (RAGWEED.) 1. A. artemisiæfolia, Michx. A great nuisance in fields and gardens. August.
2. A. trifida, L. (GREAT RAGWEED.) Quite common. August.
3. A. psilostachya, DC. River banks, June.

14. XANTHIUM, Tourn. (COCKLEBUR.) 1. X. strumarium, L. (COMMON COCKLEBUR.) Common, roadsides and fields. August and September.
2. X. spinosum, L. Nat. Trop. Amer.

15. ECLIPTA, L. (ECLIPTA.) 1. E. procumbens or alba, Michx. August.

16. HELIOPSIS, Pers. (OX-EYE.) 1. H. lævis, Pers. July and August.
2. H. lævis, Var. scabra. Rather common. June to October.

17. RUDBECKIA, L. (CONE-FLOWER.) 1. R. laciniata, L. August and September.
2. R. speciosa, Wenderoth. August.
3. R. hirta, L. Getting quite common in our meadows. June and July.

18. HELIANTHUS, L. (SUN FLOWER.) 1. H. annuus, L. (COMMON SUNFLOWER.) This is sparingly escaped from cultivation.
2. H. microcephalus, Torr. and Gray. August.

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19. COREOPSIS, L. (TICKSEED.) 1. C. tripteris, L. (FALL COREOPSIS.) August.
2. C. arguta, Ph. August.

20. BIDENS, L. (BURR-MARIGOLD.) 1. B. frondosa, L. (COMMON BEGGAR TICKS.) August.
2. B. connata, Muhl. (SWAMP BEGGAR TICKS.) September.
3. B. bipinnata, L. (SPANISH NEEDLES.) Common. July and August.

21. DYSODIA, Cav. (FETID MARIGOLD.) 1. D. crysanthemoides, Lag. August.

22. HELENIUM, L. (SNEESEWEED.) 1. H. autumnale, L. August.
2. H. Brachypoda. August.

23. MARUTA, Cass. (MAY-WEED.) 1. cotula, DC. (COMMON MAY-WEED.) Common along roadsides. May to June.

24. ACHILLEA, L. (YARROW.) 1. A. millefolium, L. (COMMON YARROW MILFOIL.) Waste places. May and June. Med. prop.: A mild aromatic tonic and astringent.

25. LEUCANTHEMUM, Tourn. (OX-EYE.) 1. L. VULGARE, Lam. (OX-EYE OR WHITE DAISY. WHITE WEED.) June. Nat. from Eu.

26. TANACETUM, L. (TANSY.) 1. T. VULGARE, L. (COMMON TANSY.) Escaped to the woods, probably from cultivation. Adv. from Eu.

27. GNAPHALIUM, L. (CUDWEED.) 1. G. uliginosum, L. (LOW CUDWEED.) Rather common. Scales about flower, yellowish to brown. May.

28. ANTENNARIA, Gærtn. (EVERLASTING.) 1. A. plantaginifolia, Hook. (PLANTAIN-LEAVED EVERLASTING.) Common, edges of woods. April and May.

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29. ERECHITHITES, Raf. (FIREWEED.) 1. E. hieracifolia, Raf. (FIREWEED.) August and September.

30. CACALIA, L. (INDIAN PLANTAIN.) 1. C. reniformis, Muhl. (GREAT INDIAN PLANTAIN.) June and July.
2. C. artiplicifolia, L. (PALE INDIAN P.) August.

31. SENECIO, L. (GROUNDSEL.) 1. S. aureus, L. (GOLDEN RAGWORT. SQUAW WEED.) One of the earliest flowers, and very plentiful. Color, yellow. March and April.
2. S. aureus. (VAR. OBVATUS.) April.

32. CIRSIUM, Tourn. (COMMON PLUMED THISTLE.) 1. C. altissimum, Scop. (COMMON THISTLE.) Very abundant. Nat. from Eu.
2. C. lanceolatum, Spreng. Woods. Rather rare. August.

33. ONOPORDON, Vaill. (COTTON OR SCOTCH THISTLE.) 1. O. ACANTHIUM, L. Rather an attractive plant. Rare. June and July. Adv. from Eu.

34. LAPPA, Tourn. (BURDOCK.) 1. L. OFFICINALIS, Allioni. Common. Grows everywhere. A great trouble to farmers, as the burs get into the wool of their sheep. Remedy: Dig up and burn the plant. Summer. Nat. from Eu.

35. HIERACIUM, Tourn. (HAWKWEED.) 1. H. Canadense, Michx. (CANADA HAWKWEED.) August and September.
2. H. Gronovii, L. (HAIRY H.) August.

36. NABALUS, Cass. (RATTLESNAKE ROOT.) 1. N. altissimus, Hook. September.
2. N. asper, Torr. and Gr. August.

37. TARAXACUM, Haller. (DANDELION.) 1. T. Dens-leonis, Desf. (COMMON DANDELION.) Grows everywhere. April to the end of the flowering season. Med. Prop.: Slightly tonic, diuretic and aperient. It is somewhat used as a substitute for coffee.

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38. LACTUCA, Tourn. (LETTUCE.) 1. L. Canadensis, L. (WILD LETTUCE.) Common. June.
2. L. Canadensis, Var. INTEGRIFOLIA. Torr. and Gray. June.
3. L. Canadensis, Var. SANGUINEA. Torr. and Gray. June. This last species is rare.

39. MULGEDIUM, Cass. (FALSE OR BLUE LETTUCE.) 1. M. leucophæum, DC. August.

40. SONCHUS, L. (SOW-THISTLE.) 1. S. OLERACEUS, L. (COMMON SOW THISTLE.) Common in old meadows and along fences. May. Nat. from Eu.
2. S. ASPER, Vill. (SPING-LEAVED S.) Rather rare. June.

Order 42. LOBELIACEÆ. (LOBELIA FAMILY.)

1. LOBELIA, L. (LOBELIA.)

1. L. cardinalis, L. (CARDINAL FLOWER.) Rather plentiful. Moist places, especially woods. August and September.
2. L. syphilitica, L. (GREAT LOBELIA.) Wet places. Common. August and September.
3. L. puberula, Michx. July and August.
4. L. leptostachys, A. DC. Rare. June.
5. L. inflata, L. (INDIAN DOCTOR.) Common. July to September. Med. Prop.: Is a powerful emetic, and it also has narcotic powers. Its effect on the system is much the same as tobacco.
6. L. spicata, Lam. September.

Order 43. CAMPANULACEÆ. (CAMPANULA FAMILY.)

1. CAMPANULA, Tourn. (BELL FLOWER.)

1. C. Americana, Tourn. (FALL BELL FLOWER.) Plentiful. June and July.

2. SPECULARIA, Heister. (VENUS LOOKING-GLASS.) 1. S. perfoliata, A. DC. Rather common. Dry grounds. May.

Order 44. ERICACEÆ. (HEATH FAMILY.)

1. GAYLUSSACIA, H. B. K. (HUCKLEBERRY.)

1. G. resinosa, Torr. and Gray. (BLACK HUCKLEBERRY.) Quite plentiful in the woods. April and May.

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2. MONOTROPA, L. (INDIAN PIPE. PINE SAP.) 1. M. uniflora L. (INDIAN PIPE. CORPSE-PLANT.) Plant white throughout. Very delicate and pretty; resembles wax. Not abundant. July to September.

Order 45. AQUIFOLIACEÆ. (HOLLY FAMILY.)

1. ILEX, L. (ILEX and PRINOS, L.) (HOLLY.)

1. I. mollis, Gray. Rather rare. June.
2. I. verticillata, Gray. (BLACK ALDER. WINTERBERRY.)

Order 46. EBENACEÆ. (EBONY FAMILY.)

1. DIOSPYRUS, L. (DATE-PLUM; PERSIMMON.)

1. D. Virginiana, L. (COMMON PERSIMMON.) Plentiful. Moist places and flat fields, and woods. April.

Order 47. PLANTAGINACEÆ. (PLAINTAIN FAMILY.)

1. PLANTAGO, L. (PLANTAIN. RIB GRASS.)

1. P. Major, L. (COMMON PLANTAIN.) Very plentiful. July. Nat. from Eu.
2. P. lanceolata, L. (RIB GRASS. RIPPLE GRASS. ENGLISH PLANTAIN.) Meadows. Somewhat common. August, and September.

Order 48. PRIMULACEÆ. (PRIMROSE FAMILY.)

1. DODECATHEON, L. (AMERICAN COWSLIP.)

1. D. Meadia, L. Rocky woods. Quite plentiful. April and May.

2. LYSIMACHIA, Tourn. (GOOSE-STRIFE.) 1. L. quadrifolia, L. May and June.
2. L. ciliata, L. June and July.
3. L. lanceolata, Walt. Common. Wet meadows. June.
4. L. lanceolata, Var. Hybrids.
5. L. longifolia, Pursh. July.

3. ANAGALLIS, Tourn. (PIMPERNEL.) 1. A. arvensis, L. (COMMON PIMPERNEL.) Rare. August

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4. CENTUNCULUS, L. (CHAFFWEED.) 1. C. minimus, L. Common. May.

5. SAMOLUS, (WINTER PIMPERNEL. BROOKWEED.) 1. S. Valerandi, L. Rather common. Wet places. May to July.

Order 49. BIGNONIACEÆ. (BIGNONIA FAMILY.)

1. TECOMA, Juss. (TRUMPET FLOWER.)

1. F. radicans, Juss. (TRUMPET CREEPER.)

Order 50. OROBANCHACEÆ. (BROOM RAPE FAMILY.)

1. EPIPHEGUS. Nutt. (BEECH DROPS.) (CANCER-ROOT.)

1. E. Virginiana, Bart. Very common in the woods. September and October.

2. CONOPHOLIS, Wallroth. (SQUAW-ROOT.) 1. C. Americana, Wallroth. Rather plentiful in the woods. Looks very much like a cone. It is a parasite. April and May.

3. APHYLLON, Mitchell. (NAKED BROWN-RAPE.) 1. A. uniflorum. (ONE-FLOWERED CANCER-ROOT.) Is reported as being found in the woods. It is rare.

Order 51. SCROPHULARIACEÆ. (FIGWORT FAMILY.)

1. VERBRASCUM, L. (MULLEIN.)

1. V. thapsus, L. (COMMON MULLEIN.) Very plentiful and quite troublesome. June and July.
2. V. blattaria, L. (MOTH M.) Not scarce. June.

2. LINARIA, Tourn. (TOAD FLAX.) 1. L. vulgaris, Mill. (TOAD FLAX. BUTTER AND EGGS RAMSTED.) Common. May to July and September. Med. Prop.: Diuretic and cathartic.

3. SCROPHULARIA, Tourn. (FIGWORT.) 1. S. nodosa, L. July and August.

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4. COLLINSIA, Nutt. (COLLINSIA.) 1. C. verna, Nutt. Damp woods and thickets. Plentiful. April and May.

5. CHELONE, Tourn. (TURTLE-HEAD. SNAKE-HEAD.) 1. C. glabra, L. Rare. September and October.

6. PENTSTEMON, Mitchell. (BEARD-TONGUE. PENTSLEMON.) 1. P. pubescens, Solander. Common. Rocky bluffs. May to July.
2. P. digitalis, Nutt. The presence of this species is somewhat doubtful. June.

7. MIMULUS, L. (MONKEY-FLOWER.) 1. M. ringens, L. Common. Wet places. June and July.
2. M. alatus, Ait. July.

8. CONOBEA, Aublet. 1. C. multifida, Benth. August.

9. GRATIOLA, L. (HEDGE HYSSOP.) 1. G. virginiana, L. Leaves toothed toward apex and entire at base. Tube of flower striped with purple lines. May.
2. G. sphærocarpa, Ell. Found growing in water. May.
3. G. viscosa, Schweinitz. Rather plentiful. All the specimens we have found have the peduncle a little longer than the leaves.

10. ILYSANTHES, Raf. 1. I. gratioloides, Benth. (FALSE PIMPERNEL.) July to September. Wet places.

11. VERONICA, L. (SPEEDWELL.) 1. V. virginica, L. (CULVER'S ROOT. CULVER'S PHYSIC.) Rather rare. August. Med. Prop.: Emetic and cathartic.
2. V. Americana, Schweinitz. (AMERICAN BROOKLIME.) August.
3. V. officinalis, L. (COMMON SPEEDWELL.) Grassy woods and meadows. Common. May.
4. V. serpyllifolia, L. (THYME-LEAVED SPEEDWELL.) April and May.
5. V. peregrina, L. (NECKWEED. PURSLANE SPEEDWELL.) Common. April and May.
6. V. ARVENSIS, L. (CORN SPEEDWELL.) Common. April and May. Nat. from Eu.

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12. SEYMERIA, Pursh. (SEYMERIA.) 1. S. macrophylla, Nutt. (MULLEIN. FOXGLOVE.) August.

13. GERARDIA, L. (GERARDIA.) 1. G. auriculata, Michx. August.
2. G. flava, L. (DOWNY FALSE FOXGLOVE.) August.

14. PEDICULARIS, Tourn. (LOUSEWORT.) 1. P. Canadensis, L. (COMMON LOUSEWORT.) Somewhat rare. April and May.

Order 52. ACANTHACEÆ. (ACANTHUS FAMILY.)

1. DIANTHERA, Gronov. (WATER WILLOW.)

1. D. Americana, L. River bank. June.

2. RUELLIA, L. 1. R. ciliosa, Pursh. June.
2. R. strepens, L. May.

Order 53. VERBENACEÆ. (VERVAIN FAMILY.)

1. VERBENA, L. (VERVAIN.)

1. V. hastata, L. (BLUE VERVAIN.) Common. June and July.
2. V. urticifolia, L. (NETTLED-LEAVED or WHITE V.) Common in waste places and roadsides. June to August. Med. Prop.: Antidote in poisoning with PHUS. FOXICODENDRON.
3. V. stricta, L. (HOARY V.) July.
4. V. bracteosa, Michx. Quite common, waste places generally June to September.

2. PHRYMA, L. (LOPSEED.) 1. P. Leptostachya, L. Somewhat common -- woods. June to August.

Order 54. LABIATÆ. (MINT FAMILY.)

1. TEUCRIUM, L. (GERMANDER.)

1. T. Canadense, L. (AMERICAN GERMANDER.) June.

2. HYPTIS, L. 1. H. Radiata, Willd. July.

S. G. R. -- 18

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3. ISANTHUS, Minx. (FALSE PENNYROYAL.) 1. I. cæruleus, Michx. Dry woods, and plentiful. August to October.

4. MENTHA, L. (MINT.) 1. M. VIRIDIS, L. (SPEARMINT.) Common. Wet places. Leaves sessile. July to September. Adv. from Eu.
2. M. PIPIRITA, L. (PEPPERMINT.) Wet places. Common. Leaves petiolate. July to September. Adv. from Eu.
3. M. SATIVA, L. (WHORLED MINT.) August. Adv. from Eu.
4. M. ARVENSIS, L. (CORN MINT.) Aug. Adv. from Eu.

5. LYCOPUS, L. (WATER HOREHOUND.) 1. L. Virginicus, L. (BUGLE-WEED.) August.
2. L. Europæus, L. August.
3. L. Europæus, Var. integrifolius. August.
4. L. Europæus, Var. sinuatus. August.

6. PYCNANTHEMUM, Michx. (MOUNTAIN MINT. BASIL.) 1. P. lanceolatum, Pursh. Rare. Flower aggregated into a head, resembling the Compositæ. June to July.

7. CALAMINTHA, Mœnch. (CALIMINTH.) 1. C. glabella, Var. Nuttallii. Gray. August and September.
2. C. Clinopodium, Benth. (BASIL.) August.

8. MELISSA, L. (BALM.) 1. M. officinalis, L. (COMMON BALM.) Rare. June and July.

9. HEDEOMA, Pers. (MOCK PENNEROYAL.) 1. H. Pulegioides, Pers. (AMERICAN PENNEROYAL.)

10. COLLINSONIA, L. (HORSE MINT.) 1. C. Canadensis, L. (RICH WEED. STONE ROOT.) August to September.

11. SALVIA, L. (SAGE.) 1. S. lyrata, L. (LYRE-LEAVED SAGE.) Not plentiful. May.

12. MONARDA, L. (HORSE MINT.) 1. M. fistulosa, L. (WILD BERGAMOT.) Quite common. Rocky woods. May and June.

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2. M. Bradburiana, Beck. Calix, hairy within and without Bracts, ciliate, and strongly cuspidate. Upper lip of corolla, densely bearded; also, the outer surface of corolla. The lateral lobes of the lower lip of the corolla, each marked with a dark purple stop at the juncture with the middle lobe, and also, lighter spots in other places.

REMARK. -- This might probably be called, a variety of Bradburiana. Rare. June.

13. BLEPHILIA, Raf. (BLEPHILIA.) 1. B. hirsuta, Benth. See both Wood and Gray, for description of this species. The only flowers of the specimen, we have found, were pure white, with the exception of a few purple spots. Rare. June.

14. LOPHANTHUS, Benth. (GIANT HYSOP.) 1. L. nepetoides, Benth. August.
2. L. scrophulariæfolius, Benth. August.

15. NEPETA, L. (CAT-MINT.) 1. N. CATARIA, L. (CATNIP.) Common. Dry grounds. June and July. Med. prop.: Tonic and stimulant.
2. N. GLECHOMA, Benth. (GROUND IVY. GILL.) Abundant . Woods and lately cleared fields. Spreads rapidly. Med. prop.: Gently stimulant and tonic; not much used. March to May. Eu.

16. SYNANDRA, Nutt. (SYNANDRA.) 1. S. grandiflora, Nutt. Stamens beset with red hairs, and corolla streaked with pinkish lines. Very pretty. May.

17. PHYSOSTEGIA, Benth. (FALSE DRAGON HEAD.) 1. P. Virginiana, Benth. August.

18. RRUNELLA, [BRUNELLA?] Tourn. (SELF-HEAL.) 1. B. vulgaris, L. (COMMON SELF-HEAL, OR HEAL-ALL. BLUE CURLS.)

19. SCUTELLARIA, L. (SCULL-CAP.) 1. S. versicolor, Nutt. Rare. June.
2. S. nervosa, Pursh. Scarce. May and Jnne.
3. S. lateriflora, L. (MAD-DOG S.) July and August.

20. MARRUBIUM, L. (HOREHOUND.) 1. M. VULGARE, L. (COMMON HOREHOUND.) Common. Dry hillsides. Nat. from Eu. May and June.

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21. GALEOPSIS, L. (HEMP NETTLE.) 1. G. TETRAHIT, L. (COMMON HEMP NETTLE.) June. Nat. from Eu.

22. LEONURUS, L. (MOTHERWORT.) 1. L. CARDIACA. Commencing to escape to woods, streets, and roadsides. Nat. from Eu. June.

23. STACHYS, L. (HEDGE NETTLE.) 1. S. palustris, Var. Aspera. June.
2. S. palustris, Var. Cordota. Plentiful. June.

24. LAMIUM, L. (DEAD NETTLE.) 1. L. AMPLEXICAULE, L. Common in fields near a river. March to June. Nat. from Eu.

Order 55. BORRAGINACEÆ. (BORAGE FAMILY.)

1. LYCOPSIS, L. (BUGLOSS.)

1. L. ARVENSIS, L. (SMALL BUGLOSS.) August. Eu.

2. SYMPHYTUM, Tourn. (COMFREY.) 1. S. OFFICINALE, L. (COMMON COMFREY.) Plentiful. Dry woods. April and May. Adv. from Europe.

3. LITHOSPERMUM, Tourn. (GROOMWELL. PUCCOON.) 1. L. latifolium, Michx. May.

4. MERTENSIA, Roth. (SMOOTH LUNGWORT.) 1. M. Virginica, DC. (VIRGINIAN COWSLIP, OR LUNGWORT.) Woods. On hillsides facing the south. Flowers, various shades of color, from pink to blue. March.

5. MYOSOTIS, L. (SCORPION-GRASS. FORGET-ME-NOT.) 1. M. palustris, Withering. (TRUE FORGET-ME-NOT.) August.
2. M. verna, Nutt. Rare. May.

6. CYNOGLOSSUM, Tourn. (HOUND'S TONGUE.) 1. C. OFFICINALE, L. (COMMON HOUND'S TONGUE.) Common on poor and rocky soils. April.
2. C. Virginicum, L. (WILD COMFREY.) Doubtful.)
3. C. Morrisoni, DC. (BERRAR LICE.) Abundant. Woods. June to August.

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Order 56. HYDROPHYLLACEÆ. (WATERLEAF FAMILY.)

1. HYDROPHYLLUM, L. (WATERLEAF.)

1. H. macrophyllum, Nutt. Plentiful. Woods. April to June.
2. H. Canadense, L. Rather rare. Moist woods. June.
3. H. appendiculatum, Michx. Not plentiful. April.

2. PHACELIA. JUSS. 1. P. bipinnatifida, Michx. Abundant. Moist hillsides. April.

Order 57. POLEMONIACEÆ. (POLEMONIUM FAMILY.)

1. POLEMONIUM, Tourn. (GREEK VALERIAN.)

1. P. reptans, L. Varies much in color, even on the same plant. Blue and white prevail. March to May.

2. PHLOX, L. (PHLOY.) 1. P. paniculata, L. June.
2. P. paniculata, Var. Acuminata. Rich woods. June.
3. P. maculata, L. (WILD SWEET WILLIAM.) June.
4. P. glaberrima, L. Common. Flat woods and meadows. June to July.
5. P. pilosa, L. June.
6. P. procumbens, Lehm. June and July.
7. P. divaricata, L. River hills, Petals vary from deeply lobed to simply toothed. March and April.
8. P. divaricata, Var. Laphamii. April and May.

Order 58. CONVOLVULACÆE. (CONVOLVULUS FAMILY.)

1. IPOMOEA, L. (MORNING GLORY.)

1. I. PURPUREA, Lam. (COMMON MORNING GLORY.) Found somewhat escaped, but more frequently cultivated. Adv. from trop. Amer. June.
2. I. Nil, Roth. (SMALLER M.) Fields, especially along the river. Very common. August.
3. I. lacunosa, L. August.
4. I. lacunosa. Var. Alpha. We have a plant or vine growing spontaneously in our gardens, that is probably a variety of lacunosa. This we call Alpha. August.

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5. I. pandurata, Meyer. (WILD POTATO-VINE. MAN OF THE EARTH.) Rather common. Woods and river banks. June and July.

2. CALYSTEGIA, R. Br. (BRACTED BINDWEED.) 1. C. sepium, R. Br. (HEDGE BINDWEED.)

3. CUSCUTA, Tourn. (DODDER.) 1. C. Gronovii, Wild. August.
2. C. compacta, Juss. August and September.
3. C. glomerata, Choisq. August.

Order 59. SOLANACEÆ. (NIGHTSHADE FAMILY.)

1. SOLANUM, Tourn. (NIGHTSHADE.)

1. S. DULCAMARA, L. (BITTERSWEET.) Rare. May and June. Med. Prop.: Possesses feeble narcotic properties, with the power of increasing the secretions. Nat. from Eu.
2. S. NIGRUM, L. (COMMON NIGHTSHADE.) Common. Fields an copses. Said to be poisonous. June to November. Nat. from Eu.
3. S. Carolinense, L. (HORSE-NETTLE.) Common. Fields. May to July.

2. PHYSALIS, L. (GROUND CHERRY.) 1. P. pubescens, L. Not common. June.
2. P. Philadelphica, Lam. June.
3. P. vicosa, L. Summer months.
4. P. Pennsylvanica, L. June.

3. LYCIUM, Duval. (MATRIMONY VINE.) 1. L. VULGARE, Duval. Just commencing to escape from cultivation. May. Adv. from Eu.

4. DATURA, L. (JAMESTOWN WEED. THORN APPLE.) 1. D. STRAMONIUM, L. (JIMSON WEED OR THORN APPLE.) Plentiful. June to October. Adv. from Asia.
2. D. TATULA, L. (PURPLE T.) June to August. Adv. from trop. Amer. Med. Prop.: STRAMONIUM and TATULA are powerful narcotics, and in large doses a violent poison. In the hands of a skillful physician, these herbs may be used beneficially in many diseases.

Order 60. GENTIANACEÆ. (GENTIAN FAMILY.)

1. SABBATIA, Adans. (AMERICAN CENTURY.)

1. S. angularis, Pursh. August.

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2. GENTIANA, L. (GENTIAN.) 1. G. Andrewsii, Griseb. (CLOSED GENTIAN.) Plentiful. Wet, flat ground. September and October. Used in making bitters.

2. OBOLARIA, L. (OBOLARIA.) 1. O. Virginica, L. Rare. Only one specimen has been found, and in this the petals seemed to be convolute in their arrangement. April 17th.

Order 61. APOCYNACEÆ. (DOGBANE FAMILY.)

1. APOCYNUM, Tourn. (DOGBANE. INDIAN HEMP.)

1. A. androsæmifolium, L. (SPREADING DOGBANE.) June. Rather scarce. Med. Prop.: Root acts as an emetic.
2. A. cannabinum, L. (INDIAN HEMP.) Plentiful. River bank and fields. June to September.

Order 62. ASCLEPIADACEÆ. (MILKWEED FAMILY.)

1. ASCLEPIAS, L. (MILKWEED. SILKWEED.)

1. A. Cornuti, Decaisne. (COMMON MILKWEED OR SILKWEED.) Common. Grows everywhere. June and July.
2. A. phytolaccoides, Pursh. (POKE MILKWEED.) June.
3. A. purpurascens, L. (PURPLE M.) Rare. June.
4. A. quadrifolia, Jacq. (FOUR-LEAVED M.) Plentiful. April and May.
5. A. incarnata, L. (SWAMP MILKWEED.) August.
6. A. incarnata, Var. pulchra. August.
7. A. perennis, Walt.
8. A. variegata. Var. nivea. June.

2. ENSLENIA, Nutt. (ENSLENIA.) 1. E. albida, Nutt. Rather rare. August.

Order 63. OLEACEÆ. (OLIVE FAMILY.)

1. FRAXINUS, Tourn. (ASH.)

1. F. Americana, L. (WHITE ASH.) Not plentiful. Flowers purple, and each subtended by a bract. The young branches much angled. March.
2. F. quadrangulata, Michx. (BLUE ASH.) March.

Order 64. ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ. (BIRTHWORT FAMILY.)

1. ASARUM, Tourn. (WILD GINGER.)

1. A. Canadense, L. Root has somewhat the taste of ginger, and quite aromatic. March to May.

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Order 65. PHYTOLACCACEÆ. (POKEWEED FAMILY.)

1. PHYTOLACCA, Tourn. (POKEWEED.)

1. P. decandra, L. (COMMON POKE OR SCOKE. GARGET. PIGEON-BERRY.) Common. June.

Order 66. CHENOPODACEÆ. (GOOSEFOOT FAMILY.)

1. CHENOPODIUM, L. (GOOSEFOOT. PIGWEED.)

1. C. ALBUM, L. (LAMB'S QUARTERS. PIGWEED.) Common; gardens. Nat from Eu.
2. C. ambrosioides, L. (MEXICAN TEA.) August. Nat. from trop. Amer.

2. CYCLOLOMA. Moquin. (WINGED PIGWEED.) 1. C. platyphyllum, Moquin. August.

Order 67. AMARANTACEÆ. (AMARANTH FAMILY.)

1. AMARANTHUS, Tourn. (AMARANTH.)

1. A. SPINOSUS, L. (THORNY AMARANTH.) Livid purple, stem and mucronate leaves. August. Nat. from trop. Amer.
2. A. LIVIDUS, L. August.

2. MONTELIA, Moquin. (WATER HEMP.) 1. M. tamariscina, August.

3. IRESINE, P. Browne. (IRESINE.) 1. I. celosioides, L. August.

Order 68. POLYGONACEÆ. (BUCKWHEAT FAMILY.)

1. POLYGONUM. (KNOTWEED.)

1. P. Careyi, Olney. August.
2. P. Pennsylvanicum, L. August.
3. P. incarnatum, Ell. May. Glands raised on hairs.
4. P. PERSICARIA, L. (LADY'S THUMB.) June. Nat. from Eu.
5. P. Hydropiper, L. (COMMON SMART WEED, or WATER-PEPPER.
6. P. acre, H. B. K. (WATER SMART-WEED.) June and July.
7. P. Hydropiperoides, Michx. (MILD WATER-PEPPER.)
8. P. Hydropiperoides, Var. Setacæ. (WOOD.) Leaves and stem above more or less hispid. Wet. June.

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9. P. amphibium, L. (WATER PERSICARIA.) July.
10. P. Virginianum, L. Scarce. August.
11. P. aviculare, L. (KNOT-GRASS. GOOSE-GRASS. DOOR-WEED) Common around houses. June to August.
12. P. aviculare, Var. Erectum. June and August.
13. P. ramosissimum, Michx. May.
14. P. sagittatum, L. (HALBERD-LEAVED. TEAR THUMB, or SCRATCH-WEED.) August.
15. P. CONVOLVULUS, L. (BLACK BINDWEED.) June and August. Eu.
16. P. dumetorum, L. (CLIMBING FALSE BUCKWHEAT.) May and June.

2. FAGOPYRUM, Tourn. (BUCKWHEAT.) 1. F. ESCULENTUM, Mœnch. (BUCKWHEAT.) Remaining in cultivated fields. August. Adv. from Eu.

3. RUMEX, L. (DOCK-SORREL.) 1. R. orbiculatus, G. (GREAT WATER DOCK.) Plentiful. May and Juue.
2. R. altissimus, Wood. (PEACH-LEAVED D.) August.
3. R. OBTUSIFOLIUS, L. (BITTER DOCK.) Nat. from Eu. August.
4. R. ACETOSELLA, L. (FIELD, or SHEEP SORREL.) Waste places and meadows. May and June.

Order 69. LAURACEÆ. Nees. (LAUREL FAMILY.)

1. SASSAFRAS, Nees. (SASSAFRAS.)

1. S. officinale, Nees. Plentiful. April and May.

2. LINDERA, Nees. (WILD ALLSPICE. FEVER-BUSH.) 1. L. Benzoin, Meisner. (SPICE-BUSH. BENJAMIN BUSH.) Plentiful on river bluffs. Found growing in patches. Flowers fragrant, and appear before the leaves. Wood has a spicy taste.

Order 70. LORANTHACEÆ. (MISTLETOE FAMILY.)

1. PHORADENDRON, Nutt. (FALSE MISTLETOE.)

1. P. flavencens, Nutt. (AMERICAN MISTLETOE.) Found as a parasite on Elm, (ULMUS AMERICANA,) Walnut, common Locust. January, February, and March. Med. Prop.: This plant is little used in medicine. Several deaths are recorded from eating the berries.

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Order 71. SAURURACEÆ. (LIZARD'S-TAIL FAMILY.)

1. SAURURUS.

1. S. cernuus, L. (LIZARD-TAIL.) July and August.

Order 72. EUPHORBIACEÆ. (SPURGE FAMILY.)

1. EUPHORBIA, L. (SPURGE.

1. E. maculata, L. Common. August to November.
2. E. humistrata, Englem. August.
3. E. hypericifolia, L. Common. Gardens and fields. Summer and autumn.
4. E. marginata, Pursh. Common. The juice is very acrid and pungent, and if taken in large doses, may produce death. August to October.
5. corollata, L. Rare. August.

2. RICINUS. (CASTOR OIL PLANT.) 1. R. COMMUNIS, L. Commencing to escape into roads and streets. Adv. from E. India.

Order 73. URTICACEÆ. (NETTLE FAMILY.)

1. ULMUS, L. (ELM.)

1. U. fulva, Michx. (SLIPPERY OR RED ELM.) Plentiful. Flowers pinkish and somewhat fragrant. Thirty to fifty feet high. March. The use of the bark is familiar to every one.
2. U. Americana, L. (AMERICAN OR WHITE ELM.) A common tree in the woods. Bloom precedes the leaves, and lasts but a few days. A few very odd specimens are to be seen in this county. Their peculiarity consists in a monstrous enlargement of the limbs and branches at various distances from each other. March.

2. MACLURA, N. (OSAGE ORANGE.) 1. M. aurantiaca. There seem to be a few spontaneous specimens of this shrub. May.

3. CELTIS, Tourn. (NETTLE-TREE. HACKBERRY.) 1. C. occidentalis, L. (SUGAR-BERRY. HACKBERRY.) Plentiful. Bloom greenish. March.
2. C. Mississippiensis, Bosc. Very rare. We have seen but one specimen. April.

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4. MORUS, Tourn. (MULBERRY.) 1. M. rubra, L. (RED MULBERRY.) A common tree in the woods. April and May.
2. M, ALBA. (WHITE MULBERRY.) Found growing in the fields. Rather scarce. Adv. from Eu.

5. URTICACEÆ, Tourn. (NETTLE.) 1. U. gracilis, Ait. June.

6. LAPORTEA, Gaudichaud. (WOOD NETTLE.) 1. L. Canadensis, Gaudichaud. Plentiful. July to September.

7. CANNABIS, Tourn. (HEMP.) 1. C. SATIVA, L. (HEMP.) July and August. Adv. from Eu.

Order 74. PLATANACEÆ. (PLANE-TREE FAMILY.)

1. PLATANUS, L. (PLANE-TREE. BUTTONWOOD.)

1. P. occidentalis, L. (AMERICAN PLANE OR SYCAMORE.) Common. April.

Order 75. JUGLANDACEÆ. (WALNUT FAMILY.)

1. JUGLANS, L. (WALNUT.)

1. J. cinerea, L. (BUTTERNUT.) April. Med. Prop.: Butternut is a mild cathartic, resembling rhubarb in its action.
2. J. nigra, L. (BLACK WALNUT.) Plentiful; forms our most valuable timber. April and May.

2. CARYA, Nutt. (HICKORY.) 1. C. olivæformis, Nutt. (PECAN-NUT.) There are but two specimens of this tree found in this county; of these one was planted, and the other is probably native. May.
2. C. alba. (SHELL-BARK OR SHAG-BARK HICKORY.) Common. April.
3. C. micro-carpa, Nutt. (SMALL-FRUITED HICKORY.) Rare. May.
4. C. sulcata, Nutt. (WESTERN SHELL-BARK HICKORY.) April.
5. C. tomentosa, Nutt. (MOCKER-NUT. WHITE-HEART HICKORY.)
6. C. poreina, Nutt. (PIG-NUT OR BROOM H.) April.

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Order 76. CUPULIFERÆ. (OAK FAMILY.)

1. QUERCUS, L. (OAK.)

1. Q. alba, L. (WHITE OAK.) April. Med. Prop.: Astringent and tonic.
2. Q. bicolor, Willd. (SWAMP WHITE OAK.) Common. Moist woods. April.
3. Q. prinus. Var. acuminata. Michx. (YELLOW CHESTNUT OAK.) Scarce.
4. Q. coccinea, Wang. (SCARLET OAK.) April.
5. Q. rubra, (RED OAK.) Common. April.

2. CASTANEA, Tourn. (CHESTNUT.) 1. C. vesca. Var. Americana, L. (CHESTNUT.) Not plentiful. June.

3. FAGUS, Tourn. (BEECH.) 1. F. ferruginea, Ait. (AMERICAN BEECH.) Forms a large proportion of our forests. March.

4. CORYLUS, Tourn. (HAZEL-NUT. FILBERT.) 1. C. Americana, Walt. (WILD HAZEL-NUT.) Common. Flat woods. March.

5. OSTRYA, Micheli. (HOP-HORNBEAM. IRON WOOD.) 1. O. Virginica, Willd. (AMERICAN HOP-HORNBEAM. LEVER WOOD.) Wood very hard. Bark shaggy. March.

6. CARPINUS, L. (HORNBEAM. IRON WOOD.) 1. C. Americana, Michx. (BLUE, or WATER BEECH.) Bark smooth. Found mostly, near running water. March.

Order 77. SALICACEÆ. (WILLOW FAMILY.)

1. SALIX, Tourn. (WILLOW OSIER.)

1. S. humilis, Marshall. (PRAIRIE WILLOW.) April.
2. S. discolor, Muhl. (GLANCUS W.) March.
3. S. VIMINALIS, L. (BASKET OSIER.) April. Adv. from Eu.
4. S. nigra, Marsh. (BLACK W.) Common. April.
5. S. ALBA, L. (WHITE W.) March. Adv. from Eu.
6. S. ALBA, Var. CAERULEA. April. River banks. Adv. from Eu.
7. S. longifolia, Muhl. (LONG-LEAVED W.) June.

2. POPULUS, Tourn. (POPLAR ASPEN.) 1. P. monilifera, Ait. (COTTON-WOOD. NECKLACE POPLAR.)

285
River banks. Also, probably found along creeks. Height, 75 to 100 feet; diameter, 1 to 3 feet.

Order 78. ARACEÆ. (ARUM FAMILY.)

1. ARISÆMA, Martius. (INDIAN TURNIP.)

1. A. triphyllum, Torr. INDIAN TURNIP. DRAGON. ARUM.) Common. Some specimens attain a height of three feet. April and May.

2. ACORUS, L. (SWEET-FLAG. CALAMUS.) 1. A. Calamus, L. Rare.

Order 79. TYPHACEÆ. (CAT-TAIL FAMILY.)

1. TYPHA, Tourn. (CAT-TAIL FLAG.)

1. T. latifolia, L. (COMMON CAT-TAIL, or REED MACE.) June and July.

Order 80. ALISMACEÆ. (WATER PLANTAIN FAMILY.)

1. ALISMA, L. (WATER PLANTAIN.)

1. A. plantago, Var. Americanum. Plentiful. August.

2. SAGITTARIA, L. (ARROW HEAD.) 1. S. variabilis, Engelm. Scarce. August.

Order 81. ORCHIDACEÆ. (ORCHIS FAMILY.)

1. ORCHIS, L. (ORCHIS.

1. O. spectabilis, L. (SHOWY ORCHIS.) Rare. Slightly fragrant. April and May.

2. CORALLORHIZA, Haller. (CORAL-ROOT.) 1. C. odontorhiza, Nutt. Rare. April.

3. APLECTRUM, Nutt. (PUTTY-ROOT. ADAM AND EVE.) 1. A. hyemale, Nutt. Rare. May.

Order 82. AMARYLLIDACEÆ. (AMARYLLIS FAMILY.)

1. HYPOXYS, L. (STAR-GRASS.)

1. H. ercta, L. Rare. May.

286
Order 38. IRIDACEÆ. (IRIS FAMILY.)

1. SISYRINCHIUM, L. (BLUE-EYED GRASS.)

1. S. Bermudiana, L. June.
2. S. Bermudiana. Var. Anceps. Plentiful. May.

Order 84. DIOSCOREACEÆ. (YAM FAMILY.)

1. DIOSCOREA, Plumier. (YAM.)

1. D. villosa, L. (WILD YAM-ROOT.) Leaves, some opposite, 4's, 's, or 6's. Abundant. May and June.

Order 85. SMILACEÆ. (SMILAX FAMILY.)

1. SMILAX, Tourn. (GREENBRIER. CATBRIER.)

1. S. rotundifolia, L. (COMMON GREENBRIER.) Common. April and May.
2. S. glauca, Walt. June.
3. S. hispida, Muhl. Damp woods. May.
4. S. herbaceæ, L. (CARRION FLOWER.) A scarce vine in the woods. June.
5. S. herbaceæ. Var. pulverulenta. May.

Order 86. LILIACEÆ. (LILY FAMILY.)

1. TRILLIUM, L. (THREE-LEAVED NIGHTSHADE.)

1. T. sessile, L. Common. There is a plant resembling this in color that has the leaves in 5's, sopals 4. petals 4, stamens 8, and pistils 4. Whether this variation is constant or not, we have not been able to observe. March and April.
2. T. recurvatum, Beck. Plentiful. April and May.
3. T. erectum, L. (PURPLE T. OR BIRTHWORT.) Scarce. April.
4. T. erectum. Var. album, Pursh. Common. March and April.
5. T. erectum. Var. declinatum. Rare. May.
6. T. cernuum. Var. atrorubens. This is a new species or rather variety; and having corresponded with Prof. Wood in regard to it, I take the liberty to report his letter:

WEST FARMS, N.Y., Sept. 25th, 1871.
MR. YOUNG -- Dear Sir: Your plant is a new variety of T. cernuum, Linn. I would by no means call it a new species, for it forms a strong connecting link between two other species, (viz.: T. erectum and T. cernuum,) and makes it highly probable that the two should be united into one, and this with them. We describe it as follows:

T. cernuum, L. B. atrorubens. Leaves orbicular-rhombic, sessile, with a small abrupt point; peduncle declinate half the length of the leaves

287
petals ovate, lanceolate, acuminate, twice broader than the sepals, brownish purple. Plant large, leaves 5 to 6' diam. Flowers 3' broad.

Differs from T. erectum in its cernuus peduncle, acuminate petals. Otherwise very similar to that species.

Respectfully yours,

A. Wood.

7. T. REMARK -- We also found another Trillium, the identity of which we have not been able to make out.

DESCRIPTION. -- Leaves sessile, rhombic ovate, abruptly acuminate, and tapering at base. Peduncle thick, nearly as long as the flower and deflexed beneath the leaves. Petals ovate, lanceolate, longer than sepals, and more than twice as broad, dark purple. Sepals lanceolate, bordered slightly with purple. Styles separate, stigmas strongly reflexed and as long as stamens. Plant, one to two feet.

2. UVULARIA, (BELLWORT.) 1. U. grandiflora, Smith. Rather scarce. April.
2. U. perfoliata, L. Not rare. April.
3. U. sessilifolia, L. Rare. April and May.

3. SMILACINA, Desf. (FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL.) 1. S. racemosa, Desf. (FALSE SPIKENARD.) Common. Rocky woods. April.
1. S. stellata, Desf. Rare. April.

4. POLYGONATUM, Tourn. (SOLOMON'S SEAL.) 1. P. biflorum, Ell. (SMALLER SOLOMON'S SEAL.) April.
2. P. giganteum, Dietrich. (GREAT S.) Common. April.

5. ASPARAGUS, L. (ASPARAGUS.) 1. A. OFFICINALLIS. (GARDEN ASPARAGUS.) Escaped from cultivation. Adv. from Eu.

6. LILIUM, L. (LILY.) 1. L. superbum, L. (TURK'S-CAP LILY.) Not plentiful. July.

7. ERYTHRONIUM, L. (DOG'S-TOOTH VIOLET.) 1. E. Americanum, Smith. (YELLOW ADDER'S TONGUE.) March. Common in woods.
2. E. albidum, Nutt. (WHITE DOG'S-TOOTH VIOLET.) Rare. Woods. March.

8. ORNITHOGALUM, Tourn. (STAR OF BETHLEHEM.) 1 O. umbellatum, L. This plant is commencing to escape, and grow spontaneously in the streets, and we think that in a few years, it will be growing abundantly in the fields. April.

288
9. SCILLA, (SQUILL.) 1. S. Fraseri. (EASTERN QUAMISH. WILD HYACINTH.) Abundant. April and May.

10. ALLIUM, L. (ONION GARLIC.) 1. A. cernuum, Roth. (WILD ONION.) Rare. June.

Order 87. COMMELYNACEÆ. (SPIDERWORT FAMILY.)

1. COMMELYNA, Dill. (DAY-FLOWER.)

1. C. communis, L. See Wood's Botany. August.
2. C. erecta, L. August.

2. TRADESCANTIA, L. (SPIDERWORT.) 1. T. Virginica, L. (COMMON SPIDERWORT.) Not plentiful. May.
2. T. pilosa, Lehm. May and June.

                           TOTAL.

   Number of Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  87
   Number of Genera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
   Number of Indigenous Species . . . . . . . . . . . 537
   Number of Adventive, or Introduced Species . . . .  72
                                                     ------
   Total number of Species . . . . . . . . . . . . .  609

289
INDEX TO LIST OF PLANTS.

     Abutilon ............... 252  | Bidens ................. 267
     Acacia ................. 257  | Bindweed ............... 278
     Acanthus Family ........ 273  | Birthwort Family ....... 279
     Acer ................... 255  | Bitter-Cress ........... 249
     Achillea ............... 267  | Bittersweet ............ 278
     Acorus ................. 285  | Blackberry ............. 258
     Actæa .................. 246  | Black Haw .............. 263
     Adam and Eve ........... 285  | Black Snakeroot ........ 261
     Adder's-tongue ......... 287  | Bladder-nut ............ 225
     Æsculus ................ 255  | Blephilia .............. 275
     Ailantus ............... 253  | Blood-root ............. 248
     Alisma ................. 285  | Blue Cohosh ............ 247
     Allium ................. 288  | Blue Curls ............. 275
     Alum-root .............. 259  | Bluets ................. 264
     Alyssum ................ 249  | Blue-eyed Grass ........ 286
     Amaranth ............... 280  | Boltonia ............... 265
     Amaryllis Family ....... 285  | Boneset ................ 264
     Ambrosia ............... 266  | Borage Family .......... 276
     Ameelanchier ........... 258  | Bouncing Bet ........... 251
     American Cowslip ....... 270  | Brassica ............... 249
     Ammania ................ 260  | Brooklime .............. 272
     Ampelopsis ............. 254  | Brown Rape Family ...... 271
     Anagallis .............. 270  | Brunella ............... 275
     Anemone ................ 245  | Buckeye ................ 255
     Antennaria ............. 267  | Buckwheat Family ....... 280
     Anychia ................ 251  | Bugbane ................ 247
     Aphyllon ............... 271  | Bugloss ................ 276
     Aplectrum .............. 285  | Burdock ................ 268
     Apocynum ............... 279  | Bur. Marigold .......... 267
     Apple .................. 258  | Burning-bush ........... 254
     Aquilegia .............. 246  | Buttercup .............. 246
     Arabis ................. 249  | Butternut .............. 283
     Aralia ................. 262  | Button-bush ............ 263
     Arisæma ................ 285  | Button-weed ............ 263
     Arrow-head ............. 285  | Button-wood ............ 283
     Asarum ................. 279  | Cacalia ................ 268
     Asclepias .............. 279  | Calaminth .............. 274
     Ash .................... 279  | Calamus ................ 285
     Asimina ................ 247  | Calystegia ............. 276
     Asparagus .............. 287  | Camelina ............... 249
     Aster .................. 265  | Campanula Family ....... 269
     Astilbe ................ 259  | Campion ................ 251
     Astralgus .............. 256  | Cancer-root ............ 271
     Avens .................. 257  | Cannabis ............... 283
     Balm ................... 274  | Cardamine .............. 249
     Baptisia ............... 256  | Cardinal Flower ........ 269
     Barbarea ............... 249  | Carpet-weed ............ 252
     Barberry Family ........ 247  | Carpinus ............... 284
     Basil .................. 274  | Carrion Flower ......... 286
     Basswood ............... 2 2  | Carrot ................. 261
     Beard-tongue ........... 272  | Carya .................. 283
     Beech .................. 284  | Cashew Family .......... 254
     Beech-drops ............ 271  | Cassia ................. 256
     Bedstraw ............... 263  | Castanea ............... 284
     Beggars' Lice .......... 276  | Catchfly ............... 251
     Beggar-ticks ........... 267  | Cat-mint ............... 275
     Bellflower ............. 269  | Catnip ................. 275
     Bellwort ............... 287  | Cat-tail Family ........ 285
     Benjaminbush ........... 281  | Caulophyllum ........... 247
     Bergamot ............... 274  | Celastrus .............. 254

S. G. R. -- 19

290

     Celtis ................. 282  | Erigenia ............... 262
     Centunculus ............ 271  | Erigeron ............... 265
     Cephalanthus ........... 263  | Erythronium ............ 287
     Cerastium .............. 251  | Euonymus ............... 254
     Cerc s ................. 256  | Eupatorium ............. 264
     Chaffweed .............. 271  | Euphorbia .............. 282
     Chælone ................ 272  | Evening Primrose Family. 260
     Chenepodium ............ 280  | Fagopyrum .............. 281
     Cherry ................. 257  | Fagus .................. 284
     Chervil ................ 261  | False Flax ............. 249
     Chestnut ............... 284  | False Mistletoe ........ 281
     Chickweed .............. 251  | False Pimpernel ........ 271
     Choke-berry ............ 258  | False Solomon's Seal ... 287
     Cicuta ................. 261  | Fedia .................. 264
     Cinicifuga ............. 247  | Figwort Family ......... 271
     Cinque-foil ............ 257  | Fire Pink .............. 251
     Circæa ................. 260  | Fireweed ............... 268
     Cirsium ................ 268  | Five-finger ............ 257
     Claytonia .............. 252  | Flax Family ............ 253
     Cleavers ............... 263  | Fleabane ............... 265
     Clematis ............... 245  | Forget-me-not .......... 276
     Cocklebur .............. 266  | Fragaria ............... 257
     Clover ................. 255  | Fraxinus ............... 279
     Collinsia .............. 272  | Furmitory Family ....... 248
     Columbine .............. 246  | Galeopsis .............. 276
     Comfrey ................ 276  | Galium ................. 263
     Commelyna .............. 288  | Gaylussacia ............ 269
     Composite Family ....... 264  | Gentian Family ......... 275
     Conobea ................ 272  | Geranium Family ........ 253
     Convolvulus ............ 277  | Gerardia ............... 273
     Corallorhiza ........... 285  | Geum ................... 257
     Coral-root ............. 285  | Ginseng Family ......... 262
     Coreopsis .............. 267  | Gnaphalium ............. 267
     Corn Cockle ............ 251  | Golden-rod ............. 265
     Cornus ................. 262  | Gooseberry ............. 258
     Corydalis .............. 248  | Goosefoot Family ....... 280
     Corylus ................ 284  | Gourd Family ........... 261
     Cotton-wood ............ 284  | Grape .................. 254
     Cowbane ................ 261  | Gratiola ............... 272
     Cowslip ................ 276  | Greenbrier ............. 286
     Crab-Apple ............. 258  | Green-Violet ........... 250
     Cranesbill ............. 253  | Groomwell .............. 276
     Crataequs .............. 258  | Gymoclaudus ............ 256
     Crowfoot ............... 246  | Hackberry .............. 282
     Crowfoot Family ........ 245  | Hamamelis .............. 259
     Cucumber-tree .......... 247  | Hardhack ............... 257
     Cudweed ................ 267  | Hawkweed ............... 268
     Culver's-root .......... 272  | Hawthorn ............... 258
     Cuphea ................. 260  | Hazel-nut .............. 284
     Cuscuta ................ 278  | Hedeoma ................ 274
     Custard Apple Family ... 247  | Hedge Hysop ............ 272
     Cynoglossum ............ 276  | Hedge Nettle ........... 276
     Dandelion .............. 268  | Heliopsis .............. 266
     Datura ................. 278  | Hemp ................... 283
     Daucus ................. 261  | Hepatica ............... 245
     Delphinium ............. 246  | Hercules' Club ......... 262
     Dentaria ............... 248  | Heucher ................ 259
     Desmondium ............. 256  | Hickory ................ 283
     Dianthera .............. 273  | Honey Locust ........... 257
     Dicentra ............... 248  | Honey-Suckle Family .... 262
     Dioscorea .............. 286  | Hoarhound .............. 275
     Diplopappus ............ 265  | Hornbeam ............... 284
     Dipsacus ............... 264  | Horse-mint ............. 274
     Dodder ................. 278  | Horse Nettle ........... 278
     Dodecatheon ............ 270  | Horse-radish ........... 248
     Dogbane ................ 279  | Hound's-tongue ......... 276
     Dogwood ................ 262  | Huckleberry ............ 269
     Door-weed .............. 281  | Hydrangea .............. 259
     Dutchman's Breeches .... 248  | Hydrastis .............. 246
     Ebony Family ........... 270  | Hydrophyllum ........... 277
     Eclipta ................ 266  | Hypericum .............. 250
     Elder .................. 263  | Ilex ................... 270
     Elecampane ............. 266  | Ilysanthes ............. 272
     Elephantopus ........... 264  | Impatiens .............. 253
     Elephant's foot ........ 264  | Indian Pipe ............ 270
     Elm .................... 282  | Indian Turnip .......... 285
     Enchanter's Nightshade . 260  | Inula .................. 266
     Enslenia ............... 279  | Ipomœa ................. 277
     Epiphegus .............. 271  | Iron-weed .............. 264

291

     Ironwood ............... 284  | Obolaria ............... 279
     Jamestown Weed ......... 278  | Œnothera ............... 260
     Jeffersonia ............ 247  | Onopordon .............. 268
     Joe Rye Weed ........... 264  | Orchis Family .......... 285
     Judas-tree ............. 256  | Ornithogalum ........... 287
     Juglans ................ 283  | Orpine Family .......... 259
     Kentucky Coffee-tree ... 256  | Osier .................. 284
     Kinnikinnik ............ 262  | Osmorrhiza ............. 261
     Knotgrass .............. 281  | Ostrya ................. 284
     Knotweed ............... 280  | Oxalis ................. 253
     Lactuca ................ 269  | Ox-eye ................. 266
     Lamb-Lettuce ........... 264  | Papaw .................. 247
     Lamium ................. 276  | Parsley Family ......... 261
     Laportea ............... 283  | Parsnip ................ 261
     Lappa .................. 268  | Passiflora ............. 260
     Larkspur ............... 246  | Passion Flower Family .. 260
     Leather Flower ......... 245  | Pecan-nut .............. 283
     Leonurus ............... 276  | Pedicularis ............ 273
     Lepidium ............... 250  | Pennyroyal ............. 274
     Leucanthemum ........... 267  | Pentstemon ............. 272
     Linaria ................ 271  | Peppermint ............. 274
     Linden ................. 252  | Persecaria ............. 281
     Lindera ................ 281  | Persimmon .............. 270
     Linum .................. 253  | Phacelia ............... 277
     Liquidambar ............ 259  | Phaseolus .............. 256
     Liquorice .............. 263  | Phlox .................. 277
     Liriodendron ........... 247  | Phoradendron ........... 281
     Lithospermum ........... 276  | Phryma ................. 273
     Lizard's-tail .......... 282  | Physalis ............... 278
     Lobelia ................ 269  | Phytolacca ............. 280
     Locust-tree ............ 256  | Pig-nut ................ 283
     Lophanthus ............. 274  | Pimpernel .............. 270
     Lopseed ................ 273  | Pink Family ............ 251
     Lousewort .............. 273  | Plane-tree Family ...... 283
     Ludwigia ............... 260  | Plantago ............... 270
     Lungwort ............... 276  | Plantain Family ........ 270
     Lycopus ................ 274  | Platanus ............... 283
     Lysimachia ............. 270  | Plum ................... 257
     Madder ................. 263  | Podophyllum ............ 248
     Mandrake ............... 248  | Poison Oak ............. 254
     Magnolia ............... 247  | Pokeweed Family ........ 280
     Maple Family ........... 255  | Polansia ............... 250
     Marrubium .............. 275  | Polemonium Family ...... 277
     Marsh Fleabane ......... 266  | Polygonatum ............ 287
     Maruta ................. 267  | Polygonum .............. 280
     Matrimony Vine ......... 278  | Poplar ................. 247
     May Apple .............. 248  | Poppy Family ........... 248
     Melilotus .............. 255  | Populus ................ 284
     Melissa ................ 274  | Portulacca ............. 252
     Menispermum ............ 247  | Potentilla ............. 257
     Mentha ................. 274  | Primrose Family ........ 270
     Mermaid Weed ........... 260  | Proserpinaca ........... 260
     Mertensia .............. 276  | Prunus ................. 257
     Milkweed Family ........ 279  | Ptelea ................. 253
     Mimulus ................ 272  | Puccoon ................ 276
     Mint Family ............ 273  | Pulse Family ........... 255
     Mistletoe .............. 281  | Purslane ............... 252
     Millfoil Family ........ 260  | Putty-root ............. 285
     Mitella ................ 259  | Pycnanthemum ........... 274
     Miterwort .............. 259  | Pyrus .................. 258
     Mocker-nut ............. 283  | Quercus ................ 284
     Monarda ................ 274  | Ragweed ................ 266
     Monkey-flower .......... 272  | Ranunculus ............. 246
     Moonseed Family ........ 247  | Raspberry .............. 257
     Morning Glory .......... 276  | Red-bud ................ 256
     Morus .................. 283  | Rhexia ................. 260
     Motherwort ............. 276  | Rhus ................... 254
     Mountain Mint .......... 274  | Ribes .................. 258
     Mulberry ............... 283  | Robinia ................ 256
     Mullein ................ 271  | Rock-Cress ............. 249
     Mustard Family ......... 248  | Rosa (Rose) ............ 258
     Nabalus ................ 268  | Rose Family ............ 257
     Negundo ................ 255  | Rubus .................. 257
     Nepta .................. 275  | Rudbeckia .............. 266
     Nettle Family .......... 282  | Ruellia ................ 273
     Nightshade Family ...... 278  | Rumex .................. 281
     Nine-bark .............. 257  | Sabbatia ............... 278
     Nyssa .................. 262  | Sagittaria ............. 285
     Oak Family ............. 284  | St. John's-wort ........ 250

292

     Salix .................. 284  | Tansy .................. 267
     Salvia ................. 274  | Taraxacum .............. 268
     Sambucus ............... 263  | Teasel Family .......... 264
     Samolus ................ 271  | Tecoma ................. 271
     Sanguinaria ............ 248  | Teucrium ............... 273
     Sanicula ............... 261  | Thalictrum ............. 246
     Saponaria .............. 251  | Thaspium ............... 261
     Sassafras .............. 281  | Thistle ................ 268
     Saururus ............... 282  | Thorn Apple ............ 278
     Saxifraga .............. 258  | Thoroughwort ........... 264
     Scilla ................. 288  | Tickseed ............... 267
     Scotch Thistle ......... 268  | Tick-Trefoil ........... 256
     Scrophularia ........... 271  | Tilia .................. 252
     Scutellaria ............ 275  | Toad Flax .............. 271
     Sedum .................. 259  | Touch-me-not ........... 253
     Self Heal .............. 275  | Tradescantia ........... 288
     Senecio ................ 268  | Tree-of-Heaven ......... 253
     Senna .................. 256  | Trefoil ................ 255
     Shepherd's Purse ....... 249  | Trifolium .............. 255
     Sicyos ................. 261  | Trillium ............... 286
     Sida ................... 252  | Triosteum .............. 263
     Silene ................. 251  | Trumpet ................ 262
     Silkweed ............... 279  | Tulip-tree ............. 247
     Sinapis ................ 249  | Tupelo ................. 262
     Sisymbrium ............. 249  | Twin-leaf .............. 247
     Sisyrinchium ........... 286  | Typha .................. 285
     Smartweed .............. 280  | Ulmus .................. 282
     Smilacina .............. 287  | Uvularia ............... 287
     Smilax Family .......... 286  | Vaccaria ............... 251
     Solanum ................ 278  | Valeriana .............. 264
     Solidago ............... 265  | Valerian Family ........ 264
     Solomon's Seal ......... 287  | Velvet Leaf ............ 252
     Sonchus ................ 269  | Venus's Looking Glass .. 269
     Sorrel ................. 253  | Verbascam .............. 271
     Sour Gum-tree .......... 262  | Verbena ................ 273
     Sow Thistle ............ 269  | Vernonio ............... 264
     Spanish Needles ........ 267  | Veronica ............... 272
     Spearmint .............. 274  | Vervain Family ......... 273
     Specularia ............. 269  | Viburnum ............... 263
     Speedwell .............. 272  | Vine Family ............ 254
     Spice-bush ............. 281  | Viola .................. 250
     Spiderwort Family ...... 288  | Violet Family .......... 250
     Spirea ................. 257  | Virginian Creeper ...... 254
     Spring-Beauty .......... 252  | Virgin's Bower ......... 245
     Spurge Family .......... 282  | Vitis .................. 254
     Squaw-root ............. 271  | Waahoo ................. 254
     Squill ................. 288  | Walnut Family .......... 283
     Squirrel Corn .......... 248  | Water Beech ............ 284
     Stachys ................ 276  | Water Hemp ............. 280
     Staff-tree Family ...... 254  | Water Horehound ........ 274
     Staphylea .............. 255  | Waterleaf Family ....... 277
     Star Cucumber .......... 261  | Water Pepper ........... 280
     Star Grass ............. 285  | Water Plantain ......... 285
     Star-of-Bethlehem ...... 287  | White Weed ............. 267
     Stellaria .............. 251  | Wild Allspice .......... 281
     Stone-crop ............. 259  | Wild Bean .............. 256
     Stramonium ............. 278  | Wild Ginger ............ 279
     Strawberry ............. 257  | Wild Hyacinth .......... 288
     Stylophorum ............ 248  | Wild Pink .............. 251
     Sullivantia ............ 259  | Wild Potato Vine ....... 278
     Sumach ................. 254  | Willow Family .......... 284
     Sweet Cicely ........... 261  | Wind Flower ............ 245
     Sweet Clover ........... 255  | Witch Hazel ............ 259
     Sweet Flag ............. 285  | Woodbine ............... 262
     Sweet Gum-tree ......... 259  | Wood Nettle ............ 283
     Sweet William .......... 277  | Wood Sorrel ............ 253
     Sycamore ............... 283  | Xanthium ............... 266
     Symphoricarpus ......... 262  | Yam Family ............. 286
     Symphytum .............. 276  | Yarrow ................. 267
     Synandra ............... 275  | Yellow Puccoon ......... 246
     Tanacetum .............. 267  | Zanthoxylum ............ 253

1870 Table of Contents

Geology Library Indiana University, Bloomington