Assorted Birds

Indigo Bunting, Mourning Dove, Red-winged Blackbirds, Carolina Wrens

Carolina Wrens
 
Nesting/Eggs:
The nest of the Carolina Wren is usually placed in a hole in some low decayed tree, stump, or in a fence-stake, sometimes even in the stable or barn. The nesting materials are hay, grasses, leaves, feathers, hair, or dry fibres of Spanish moss. The feathers, hair or moss forms the lining and the coarser materials the outer parts of the nest. The number of eggs is from five to 6 and are oval, greyish-white, sprinkled with reddish-brown. Incubation is performed by the female only and lasts anywhere from 12-14 days with the first young leaving the nest 12-14 days after hatching. Both the male and female feed the young. The young's plumage undergoes no change, merely becoming firmer in the colouring. Carolina Wrens usually raise two broods in a season.

Natural Feeding Habits:
Among the many species of insects such as flies, grasshoppers, crickets, bees, moths, beetles, spiders and leafhoppers which they eat, several are aquatic and are procured while creeping about the masses of drifted wood. Carolina Wrens will come to feeding stations of suet, sunflower seed and peanuts.


Indigo Bunting
Though Indigo Buntings appear to be a striking blue color, they have no blue pigment; they are actually black, but the diffraction of light through the structure of the feathers makes them appear blue. These attractive birds are also found in rural roadside thickets and along the right-of-way of railroads, where woodlands meet open areas. They are beneficial to farmers and fruit growers, consuming many insect pests and weed seeds.

During the breeding season, indigo buntings eat small spiders and insects, seeds of grasses and herbs, and berries. Major food items taken include caterpillars, grasshoppers, bugs, beetles, seeds and berries. In winter, indigo buntings eat small seeds, buds, and some insects. Their main food in winter is small seeds of grasses. They also frequent feeders, and eat the seeds of rice in rice fields. Indigo buntings do not appear to drink frequently, and may obtain sufficient water from their diet. (Payne 1992)


Mourning doves
Mourning doves eat a wide variety of seeds, waste grain, fruit and insects. They prefer seeds that rest on the ground. Occasionally, they eat in trees and bushes when the ground foods have become scarce. 95% of the mourning dove's diet relies on seeds or plant parts. Doves also like to ingest agricultural crops. Those especially coveted are cereal grains such as corn, millet, rye, barley, and oats. On rare occasions, doves can also be seen preying on grasshoppers, ants, beetles, and snails.

Two much-studied behaviors of mourning doves are their monogamous mating and their widespread migration patterns. Migration originates in the breeding grounds and continues to the southern areas where the doves go to escape the harsh winter months. During migration the birds fly over 1000 of miles through hostile environment to reach their winter resting spot.


Red-winged Blackbirds
Red-winged blackbirds tend to be generalized feeders, consuming a greater amount of plant tissue in the non-breeding season and a greater amount of animal material in the breeding season. Red-winged blackbirds will feed on almost any plant material they can consume, preferring seeds and agricultural products, such as corn and rice. Adult red-winged blackbirds will consume a wide variety of foods including snails, frogs, fledgling birds, eggs, carrion, worms and a wide array of arthropods. Insects, especially Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies), Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), and Diptera (true flies) are preferred, although arachnids and other insect and non-insect arthropods are consumed. For the most part, red-winged blackbirds feed on whatever they can find, picking insects out of plants and feeding on seeds and plant material. At times, red-winged blackbirds will hunt using their beaks for gaping (opening up of crevices in plant material with the beak). Red-winged blackbirds will also catch insects in flight. (Kirschenbaum, 1996; Yasukawa and Searcy, 1995)


Red-shouldered Hawk
Red-shouldered Hawks eat small mammals such as voles, moles, mice, and squirrels; also, some rabbits; snakes, toads, frogs, lizards, crayfish, large insects, small birds.


 
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