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Thomas Woodrow Wilson, the twenty-fourth President of the United States, was an American educator and politician. Wilson taught history and political science at Bryn Mawr College, Wesleyan College, and Princeton University, serving as President of Princeton from 1902 to 1910. He entered politics and became the Democratic Governor of New Jersey in 1911, where he earned a reputation as a political reformer. Wilson was elected President of the United States and served from 1913 to 1921. He strove to maintain American neutrality during World War I, but the German decision to resume unrestricted submarine warfare in 1917 forced Wilson to ask Congress for a declaration of war. Wilson framed the Fourteen Points, a liberal document, as the basis for the Allied war aims in 1918, which included the establishment of an international organization to promote peaceful relations between nations. He led the American delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference and worked strenuously for the creation of the Leagu of Nations. Although Wilson acknowledged that the Versailles Peace Treaty was a flawed instrument, he believed the League would redress any wrongs and sought to win Senate support for the treaty. As a result of partisan politics and the refusal of both sides to reach a compromise, the Senate rejected the Versailles Peace Treaty and the United States did not become a member of the League. Wilson was incapacitated by a stroke in 1919, but received the Nobel Peace Prize. He died in Washington, DC on February 3, 1924. 1856 -- Born in Staunton, Virginia 1885 -- Published Congressional Government, which analyzed the problems arising from the separation of executive and legislative powers in the American Constitution 1885-1888 -- Professor of History at Bryn Mawr College 1888-1890 -- Professor of History at Wesleyan College 1890-1902 -- Professor of Jurisprudence and Political Economics at Princeton University 1902-1910 -- President of Princeton University 1911-1913 -- Governor of New Jersey; gained a reputation as a political reformer 1912 -- Published The New Freedom, a book which outlined his plans for tariff reform, new banking regulations, greater checks on monopolies, and fairer business practices 1913-1921 -- President of the United States; strove to maintain American neutrality in World War I, but sent a punitive expedition against Mexico to deal with border violations; after Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare in 1917, asked Congress to declare war; outlined American war aims in the Fourteen Points in 1918, a peace plan based on freedom and justice as well as the League of Nations, a forum for the settlement of international disputes 1919 -- Led the United States delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference; compromised on several of his Fourteen Points with Allied leaders but secured the adoption of the League of Nations; the United States Senate refused to ratify the Versailles Peace Treaty and the United States did not become a member of the League of Nations -- Nobel Peace Prize Laureate 1924 -- Died in Washington, District of Columbia
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League of Nations Archives, Palais des Nations, CH-1211, Geneva 10, Switzerland |