Literature search at Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
TI: Ring chromosome 13 with loss of the region D13S317-D13S285: phenotypic overlap with XK syndrome.
AU: Guala-A; Dellavecchia-C; Mannarino-S; Rognone-F; Giglio-S; Minelli-A; Danesino-C
AD: Divisione di Pediatria, Ospedale Civile di Vigevano, Pavia, Italy.
SO: Am-J-Med-Genet. 1997 Oct 31; 72(3): 319-23
ISSN: 0148-7299
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: We report on a patient with a multiple congenital abnormalities/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome including facial abnormalities, agenesis of the corpus callosum, heart defect, 1st ray anomalies of the upper limb, and ambiguous genitalia, whose phenotype overlaps a previous description of XK syndrome. The patient has a ring chromosome (13) with deletion 13q32-qter. Molecular analysis demonstrated loss of the region from D13S317 to D13S285 and a paternal origin of the anomaly.
MESH: Chromosome-Banding; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Dinucleotide-Repeats; DNA-Mutational-Analysis; Gene-Deletion; Heart-Defects,-Congenital-genetics; Karyotyping-; Microcephaly-genetics; Microsatellite-Repeats; Pedigree-; Phenotype-; Polymorphism-Genetics; Syndrome-
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-genetics; *Chromosomes,-Human,-Pair-13; *Ring-Chromosomes
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW-OF-REPORTED-CASES
AN: 97473820
UD: 9801
No. Records Request
#1: 280 CORPUS-CALLOSUM / all subheadings
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 1 of 280
TI: Ring chromosome 13 with loss of the region D13S317-D13S285: phenotypic overlap with XK syndrome.
AU: Guala-A; Dellavecchia-C; Mannarino-S; Rognone-F; Giglio-S; Minelli-A; Danesino-C
AD: Divisione di Pediatria, Ospedale Civile di Vigevano, Pavia, Italy.
SO: Am-J-Med-Genet. 1997 Oct 31; 72(3): 319-23
ISSN: 0148-7299
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: We report on a patient with a multiple congenital abnormalities/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome including facial abnormalities, agenesis of the corpus callosum, heart defect, 1st ray anomalies of the upper limb, and ambiguous genitalia, whose phenotype overlaps a previous description of XK syndrome. The patient has a ring chromosome (13) with deletion 13q32-qter. Molecular analysis demonstrated loss of the region from D13S317 to D13S285 and a paternal origin of the anomaly.
MESH: Chromosome-Banding; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Dinucleotide-Repeats; DNA-Mutational-Analysis; Gene-Deletion; Heart-Defects,-Congenital-genetics; Karyotyping-; Microcephaly-genetics; Microsatellite-Repeats; Pedigree-; Phenotype-; Polymorphism-Genetics; Syndrome-
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-genetics; *Chromosomes,-Human,-Pair-13; *Ring-Chromosomes
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW-OF-REPORTED-CASES
AN: 97473820
UD: 9801
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 2 of 280
TI: [The characteristics of the background gamma oscillations in neural networks including callosal cells]
TO: Osobennosti fonovykh gamma-ostsilliatsii v neironnykh setiakh, vkliuchaiushchikh kallozal'nye kletki.
AU: Bogdanova-OG; Sil'kis-IG
SO: Zh-Vyssh-Nerv-Deiat-Im-I-P-Pavlova. 1997 Jul-Aug; 47(4): 771-5
ISSN: 0044-4677
PY: 1997
LA: RUSSIAN; NON-ENGLISH
CP: RUSSIA
MESH: Action-Potentials-physiology; Corpus-Callosum-cytology; Electrophysiology-; Motor-Cortex-physiology; Neurons-physiology; Rats-
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Nerve-Net-physiology
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97451714
UD: 9801
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 3 of 280
TI: Temporolimbic or transcallosal connections: where is the primary lesion in schizophrenia and what is its nature? [comment]
CM: Comment on: Schizophr Bull 1997 ;23(3):423-35
AU: Crow-TJ
AD: Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, England.
SO: Schizophr-Bull. 1997; 23(3): 521-3
ISSN: 0586-7614
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: A critique of the article by Bogerts on the temporolimbic system theory is presented. Schizophrenia is conceived as arising as a component of the diversity of interhemisphric (callosal) connectivity associated with the evolution of language, a process that occurred through a genetic change (the speciation event) that allowed the hemispheres to develop with a degree of independence. Language and psychosis thus have a common evolutionary origin. The anatomical changes can be considered as a boundary component of the anatomical variation that is characteristic of the species.
MESH: Brain-Mapping; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Evolution-; Limbic-System-pathology; Neural-Pathways-pathology; Neural-Pathways-physiopathology; Schizophrenia-diagnosis; Schizophrenia-pathology; Temporal-Lobe-pathology
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; *Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; *Limbic-System-physiopathology; *Schizophrenia-physiopathology; *Schizophrenic-Psychology; *Temporal-Lobe-physiopathology
TG: Human
PT: COMMENT; JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97468429
UD: 9801
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 4 of 280
TI: [Shearing injuries of parasagittal white matter, corpus callosum and basal ganglia: possible radiological evidences of hemiplegia in diffuse axonal injury]
AU: Masuzawa-H; Kubo-T; Kanazawa-I; Kamitani-H; Nakamura-N
AD: Department of Neurosurgery, Kanto Teishin Hospital.
SO: No-Shinkei-Geka. 1997 Aug; 25(8): 689-94
ISSN: 0301-2603
PY: 1997
LA: JAPANESE; NON-ENGLISH
CP: JAPAN
AB: The relationship between spastic hemiplegia in diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and neuroradiological findings was studied in 100 cases. These cases were prospectively collected from the files of Automobile Insurance Rating Organization in Japan between 1993 from to 1996. Requirements for entry to this study were as follows: presence of initial unconsciousness after head injury without any lucid interval. Existence of CT scan or MRI film obtained within 12 hours of injury showing no significant mass effects, as well as follow-up CT scan or MRI film obtained more than 3 months after the injury. Psychosocial outcome was described both by the medical professional and the caregiver. The hemiplegia was rated severe, mild, or none. The outcome and diffuse ventriculomegaly were classified as reported by the authors previously. Spastic hemiplegia or quadriplegia was documented in the chronic stage in 63 cases, including 53 severe cases with difficulty in walking and 10 mild cases with only pyramidal signs detected. Chi-square analysis showed significant correlation between hemiplegia and the DAI outcome level or ventriculomegaly rating. Focal brain contusion was noticed in 33 cases, but did not correlate with the hemiplegia at all. Radiological findings included 25 cases of parasagittal white matter injury (gliding contusion), 20 cases of callosal injury, 19 cases of basal ganglionic region injury, 5 cases of brain-stem injury, and 3 cases of cerebellar injury. Chi-square analyses of hemiplegia and contralateral presence of these injuries were significant in the former three types of injury. Presence of at least one of these 3 lesions was defined as GCB injury. There were altogether 46 GCB injury cases which were significantly correlated with contralateral hemiplegia by chi-square analysis and by Spearman rank analysis. Partial correlation analysis with hemiplegia as the target variable indicated highly significant correlation only with GCB injury and outcome level. In conclusion, spastic hemiplegia in DAI is a manifestation of primary shear injury. Neuroradiological findings of GCB injury were statistically able to be significantly correlated with the presence of hemiplegia, and suggested pyramidal tract injury either at the corona radiata or the internal capsule level.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Aged-; Aged,-80-and-over; Basal-Ganglia-pathology; Basal-Ganglia-radiography; Brain-Concussion-diagnosis; Chi-Square-Distribution; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Corpus-Callosum-radiography; English-Abstract; Hemiplegia-diagnosis; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age; Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed
MESH: *Axons-pathology; *Axons-radiography; *Basal-Ganglia-injuries; *Brain-Concussion-complications; *Corpus-Callosum-injuries; *Hemiplegia-etiology
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97411592
UD: 9801
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 5 of 280
TI: Of insects and eggs: a case report.
AU: Murthy-P; Jayakumar-PN; Sampat-S
AD: Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
SO: J-Neurol-Neurosurg-Psychiatry. 1997 Oct; 63(4): 522-3
ISSN: 0022-3050
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: A middle aged woman presented with delusions of infestation and multimodal hallucinations due to an underlying glioma of the corpus callosum. After surgery, the phenomena in question changed and finally disappeared. A recurrence of the tumour caused dementia.
MESH: Delusions-psychology; Eggs-; Insects-; Middle-Age
MESH: *Brain-Neoplasms-complications; *Corpus-Callosum; *Delusions-etiology; *Glioma-complications
TG: Animal; Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 98001302
UD: 9801
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 6 of 280
TI: Callosal neurons in the cingulate cortical plate and subplate of human fetuses.
AU: deAzevedo-LC; Hedin-Pereira-C; Lent-R
AD: Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
SO: J-Comp-Neurol. 1997 Sep 15; 386(1): 60-70
ISSN: 0021-9967
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Given the scarcity of data on the development of the cerebral cortex and its connections in man, four brains of human fetuses at 25, 26, 30, and 32 weeks postovulation were used to investigate the following: 1) the radial distribution of callosal neurons in the cingulate cortex at the immediate postmigratory period; 2) the existence of callosally projecting neurons in the cortical subplate; and 3) the dendritic morphology of developing callosal neurons. The carbocyanine dye (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate) (DiI) was used as a fluorescent postmortem tracer for the identification and morphological description of callosal neurons, 4-6 months after the insertion of DiI crystals at the callosal midplane. Sixty-one completely labeled neurons were selected for microscopical analysis, drawn by use of a camera lucida and photographed. The main findings were the following: 1) the human cingulate cortex at 25-32 weeks postovulation contains callosally projecting neurons both in the cortical plate and in the subplate; 2) callosal cells in the plate are mostly spiny pyramids with somata distributed uniformly throughout the depth of the plate, irrespective of rostrocaudal position. They have well-differentiated basal dendrites and apical dendrites that consistently ramify within layer 1; 3) subplate callosal cells are smooth neurons of diverse dendritic morphology, distributed widely throughout the subplate depth. They were classified into four cell types according to the dendritic morphology: radially oriented, horizontally oriented, multipolars, and inverted pyramids. These findings extend to the human brain some of the evidence obtained in animals concerning the development of the cerebral cortex, especially those that are relevant to the formation of a transitory circuitry in the subplate.
MESH: Cerebral-Cortex-anatomy-and-histology; Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; Fetal-Development; Gyrus-Cinguli-anatomy-and-histology; Infant,-Newborn; Infant,-Premature; Pyramidal-Cells-cytology
MESH: *Cerebral-Cortex-embryology; *Corpus-Callosum-embryology; *Fetus-anatomy-and-histology; *Gyrus-Cinguli-embryology; *Neurons-cytology
TG: Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97447785
UD: 9801
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 7 of 280
TI: Visual agnosia with bilateral temporo-occipital brain lesions in a child with autistic disorder: a case study.
AU: Mottron-L; Mineau-S; Decarie-JC; Jambaque-I; Labrecque-R; Pepin-JP; Aroichane-M
AD: Service de Recherche, Hopital Riviere-des-Prairies, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
SO: Dev-Med-Child-Neurol. 1997 Oct; 39(10): 699-705
ISSN: 0012-1622
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: A 2-year-old boy meeting the criteria for autistic disorder was diagnosed 2 years later with a visual agnosia characterised by a combination of certain aspects of associative and apperceptive agnosia. MRI then revealed a severe encephalomalacia of the right temporal lobe and bilateral temporo-occipital areas. This association is discussed in terms of a clinical and aetiological relation between autistic disorder and visual agnosia.
MESH: Child-; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Encephalomalacia-diagnosis; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Neuropsychological-Tests; Occipital-Lobe; Psychological-Tests; Temporal-Lobe
MESH: *Agnosia-etiology; *Autism-complications; *Encephalomalacia-complications
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 98014100
UD: 9801
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 8 of 280
TI: Sex differences in the development of axon number in the splenium of the rat corpus callosum from postnatal day 15 through 60.
AU: Kim-JH; Juraska-JM
AD: Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Champaign 61820, USA.
SO: Brain-Res-Dev-Brain-Res. 1997 Aug 18; 102(1): 77-85
ISSN: 0165-3806
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: Axon number in the splenium was examined at 15, 25 and 60 days of age in male and female rats. The splenium (posterior fifth) of the corpus callosum was found to contain the axons from the visual cortex at all three ages and was extensively sampled with electron microscopy. Overall, there was a 15% decrease in the total number of axons between postnatal day 15 and day 60 in both sexes. The observed decrease in axon number between day 15 and 25 in both males and females is consistent with Elberger's (A.J. Elberger, Transitory corpus callosum axons projecting throughout developing rat visual cortex revealed by DiI, Cereb. Cortex 4 (1994) 279-299) data which suggest that the pattern of visual callosal projections in the rat visual cortex is not restricted to the adult form until the fourth postnatal week. There was a further decrease in axon number between day 25 and day 60 in females only such that by 60 days of age, the total number of axons was equivalent between the sexes. Thus in the rat splenium, males appear to attain the adult number of axons earlier than females. These results also indicate that there is a sex difference in the timing of axon withdrawal in the rat splenium, with axon withdrawal continuing in females after it has ceased in males.
MESH: Axons-ultrastructure; Corpus-Callosum-ultrastructure; Microscopy,-Electron; Rats-; Visual-Pathways-growth-and-development; Visual-Pathways-ultrastructure
MESH: *Axons-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; *Sex-Characteristics
TG: Animal; Female; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S.; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: HD0733HDNICHD
AN: 97443375
UD: 9801
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 9 of 280
TI: Clinical introduction of an adjustable rigid instrument holder for frameless stereotactic interventions.
AU: Dorward-NL; Alberti-O; Dijkstra-A; Buurman-J; Kitchen-ND; Thomas-DG
AD: Gough-Cooper Department of Neurological Surgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom. N.Dorward@ion.bpmf.ac.uk
SO: Comput-Aided-Surg. 1997; 2(3-4): 180-5
ISSN: 1092-9088
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Interactive image guidance is now in routine use for open neurosurgical procedures and has demonstrated patient benefits. However, freehand interactive guidance is not an appropriate replacement for the traditional frame-based stereotactic procedures of biopsy, electrode placement, and functional lesioning. These point-based procedures require precise target localization and direct instrument guidance to avoid collateral brain injury. To perform true frameless stereotactic procedures requires a guide that is also adjustable for positioning, lockable, and adaptable to multiple instruments. We describe such a device, which is employed for the guidance of biopsy needles, shunts, electrodes, and endoscopes during neuronavigation. The method of frameless stereotactic biopsy retrieval with an infrared-based neuronavigation system is described, clinical results are given, and further areas of application discussed.
MESH: Adult-; Aged-; Biopsy,-Needle-methods; Brain-Neoplasms-secondary; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Image-Processing,-Computer-Assisted; Infrared-Rays; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age; Parietal-Lobe-pathology; Temporal-Lobe-pathology; Thalamus-pathology
MESH: *Biopsy,-Needle-instrumentation; *Brain-Neoplasms-pathology; *Corpus-Callosum; *Glioma-pathology; *Parietal-Lobe; *Stereotaxic-Techniques-instrumentation; *Temporal-Lobe; *Thalamus-
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 98018158
UD: 9801
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 10 of 280
TI: Effect of monocular blockade of retinal activity on the development of visual callosal connections in the rat.
AU: Chang-K; Van-Sluyters-RC; Olavarria-JF
AD: School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
SO: Biol-Res. 1995; 28(3): 219-26
ISSN: 0716-9760
PY: 1995
LA: ENGLISH
CP: CHILE
AB: It has been previously reported that neonatal monocular enucleation in rats and hamsters induces the development of an anomalous band of callosal connections in the middle of area 17 (primary visual cortex) in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the remaining eye. In order to determine whether this effect is due to elimination of retinal activity in one eye, we used the anatomical tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to study the pattern of visual callosal connections in rats in which retinal activity had been blocked by intraocular injections of tetrodotoxin during the first two weeks of life. We found that the callosal pattern in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the eye not treated with tetrodotoxin was not distinguishable from the pattern present in normal rats. In particular, we did not observe the anomalous extra band of callosal connections that occurs in area 17 in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the remaining eye in monocularly enucleated rats. These results indicate that blockade of retinal activity in one eye is not sufficient to cause the marked changes in the pattern of visual callosal connections that are induced by neonatal monocular enucleation.
MESH: Infant,-Newborn; Rats-
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; *Eye-Enucleation; *Retina-physiology; *Vision,-Monocular-physiology; *Visual-Cortex-growth-and-development
TG: Animal; Human; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: EY02193EYNEI; EY09343EYNEI; EY03176EYNEI
AN: 97395648
UD: 9801
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 11 of 280
TI: Anomalous patterns of callosal connections develop in visual cortex of monocularly enucleated hamsters.
AU: O'Brien-BJ; Olavarria-JF
AD: Graduate Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-1525, USA.
SO: Biol-Res. 1995; 28(3): 211-8
ISSN: 0716-9760
PY: 1995
LA: ENGLISH
CP: CHILE
AB: In this study we analyzed the effect of neonatal monocular enucleation on the pattern of callosal connections in striate cortex of the golden hamster. Callosal connections were revealed in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the remaining eye following multiple injections of either the enzyme horseradish peroxidase or the fluorescent tracer Fluoro-Gold into the contralateral hemisphere. The most salient anomaly induced by the removal of one eye at birth is the appearance of a dense band of callosal connections that runs anteroposteriorly in medial portions of striate cortex. No obvious changes in the laminar distribution of callosal connections were observed. Comparison of our present results with those obtained by Olavarria et al (1987) in monocularly enucleated rats reveals that neonatal enucleation induces remarkably similar anomalies in the callosal patterns of rats and hamsters. This similarity suggests that the role the eyes play in the development of the visual callosal pathway is similar among rodent species. Moreover, the finding of an anomalous callosal band in striate cortex one-eyed hamsters supports the notion that disruption of visual input does not arrest callosal development, but rather leads to the development of entirely new features in the callosal pattern.
MESH: Hamsters-; Infant,-Newborn; Vision-Disorders-physiopathology
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; *Eye-Enucleation; *Visual-Cortex-physiopathology
TG: Animal; Human; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: EY09343EYNEI
AN: 97395647
UD: 9801
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 12 of 280
TI: Excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists: resolution, absolute stereochemistry, and pharmacology of (S)- and (R)-2-amino-2-(5-tert-butyl-3-hydroxyisoxazol-4-yl)acetic acid (ATAA).
AU: Johansen-TN; Frydenvang-K; Ebert-B; Madsen-U; Krogsgaard-Larsen-P
AD: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen, Denmark.
SO: Chirality. 1997; 9(5-6): 529-36
ISSN: 0899-0042
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: We have previously shown that (RS)-2-amino-2-(5-tert-butyl-3-hydroxyisoxazol-4-yl)acetic acid (ATAA) is an antagonist at N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) and (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. We have now resolved ATAA via diastereomeric salt formation using N-BOC protected ATAA and (R)- and (S)-phenylethylamine. Enantiomeric purities (ee > 98%) of (R)- and (S)-ATAA were determined using the Crownpak CR(-) and CR(+) columns, respectively. The absolute configuration of (R)-ATAA was established by an X-ray crystallographic analysis of the (R)-phenylethylamine salt of N-BOC-(R)-ATAA. Like ATAA, neither (R)- nor (S)-ATAA significantly affected (IC50 > 100 microM) the receptor binding of tritiated AMPA, kainic acid, or (RS)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid, the latter being a competitive NMDA antagonist. Electrophysiological experiments, using the rat cortical wedge preparation, showed the NMDA antagonist effect as well as the AMPA antagonist effect of ATAA to reside exclusively in the (R)-enantiomer (Ki = 75 +/- 5 microM and 57 +/- 1 microM, respectively). Neither (R)- nor (S)-ATAA significantly reduced kainic acid-induced excitation (Ki > 1,000 microM).
MESH: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic-Acid-metabolism; Binding,-Competitive; Cerebral-Cortex-drug-effects; Cerebral-Cortex-physiology; Corpus-Callosum-drug-effects; Corpus-Callosum-physiology; Crystallography,-X-Ray; Electrophysiology-; Indicators-and-Reagents; Kainic-Acid-metabolism; Models,-Molecular; Molecular-Conformation; Molecular-Structure; Radioligand-Assay; Rats-; Receptors,-AMPA-drug-effects; Receptors,-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-drug-effects; Stereoisomerism-; Tritium-
MESH: *Excitatory-Amino-Acid-Antagonists-chemistry; *Excitatory-Amino-Acid-Antagonists-pharmacology; *Isoxazoles-; *Isoxazoles-chemistry; *Isoxazoles-pharmacology; *Receptors,-AMPA-metabolism; *Receptors,-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-metabolism
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 10028-17-8; 487-79-6; 77521-29-0
NM: Excitatory-Amino-Acid-Antagonists; Indicators-and-Reagents; Isoxazoles; Receptors,-AMPA; Receptors,-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Tritium; Kainic-Acid; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic-Acid
AN: 97469758
UD: 9801
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 13 of 280
TI: CRASH syndrome: mutations in L1CAM correlate with severity of the disease.
AU: Yamasaki-M; Thompson-P; Lemmon-V
AD: Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH, USA.
SO: Neuropediatrics. 1997 Jun; 28(3): 175-8
ISSN: 0174-304X
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: X-linked hydrocephalus, MASA syndrome and certain forms of X-linked spastic paraplegia and agenesis of corpus callosum are now known to be due to mutations in the gene for the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (19, 30). As a result, these syndromes have recently been reclassified as CRASH syndrome, an acronym for Corpus callosum hypoplasia, Retardation, Adducted thumbs, Spasticity and Hydrocephalus (8). A comparison of existing case reports with molecular genetic analysis reveals a striking correlation between the type of mutation in the L1CAM gene and the severity of the disease. Mutations that produce truncations in the extracellular domain of the L1 protein are more likely to produce severe hydrocephalus, grave mental retardation or early death than point mutations in the extracellular domain or mutations affecting only the cytoplasmic domain of the protein. While less severe than extracellular truncations, point mutations in the extracellular domain do produce more severe neurologic problems than mutations in just the cytoplasmic domain.
MESH: Chi-Square-Distribution; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Cross-Sectional-Studies; Linkage-Genetics; NCAM-chemistry; Phenotype-; Spastic-Paraplegia,-Hereditary-genetics; Syndrome-; Thumb-abnormalities; X-Chromosome-genetics
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-genetics; *Hydrocephalus-genetics; *Mental-Retardation-genetics; *Mutation-; *NCAM-genetics; *Severity-of-Illness-Index
TG: Human; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0
NM: L1-antigen; NCAM
AN: 97411588
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 14 of 280
TI: Mutism in 36 patients who underwent callosotomy for drug-resistant epilepsy.
AU: Quattrini-A; Del-Pesce-M; Provinciali-L; Cesarano-R; Ortenzi-A; Paggi-A; Rychlicki-F; Fioravanti-P; Papo-I
AD: Epilepsy Centre, Regional Hospital, Ancona, Italy.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 93-6
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: Thirty-six drug-resistant epileptic patients submitted to callosotomy were studied. Anterior callosotomy was performed in 27 patients, total two-stage callosotomy was performed in 8 patients and 1 patient had only posterior callosotomy. We found mutism in 10 patients (2 after complete callosotomy and 8 after anterior section). The patients did not speak, but the comprehension was present: they were able to carry out orders and to write. Their attitude to the environment was characterized by complete indifference. The mutism was always transient, lasting from 4 to 25 days (mean 7 days). Regression of mutism was always complete. We think that this complication should be chiefly attributed mainly to surgical manipulation, even if it is impossible to completely exclude a multi-factorial etiology.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Drug-Resistance; Epilepsy-complications; Prognosis-
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Epilepsy-surgery; *Mutism-etiology
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97419299
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 15 of 280
TI: EEG Patterns after callosotomy.
AU: Quattrini-A; Papo-I; Cesarano-R; Fioravanti-P; Paggi-A; Ortenzi-A; Foschi-N; Rychlicki-F; Del-Pesce-M; Pistoli-E; Marinelli-M
AD: Epilepsy Centre, Regional Hospital, Ancona, Italy.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 85-92
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: In 36 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy submitted to anterior callosotomy (27 cases), to two-stage total callosotomy (8 cases) and to posterior callosotomy (1 case) the EEG variations concerning background activity, focal activity and sharp-waves (SW) bisynchronous activity were evaluated. EEG modifications observed after callosotomy are the following: background rhythm tends to be better organised as spectral analysis demonstrated, this finding usually coincide with reduction of bisynchronous discharges. It appears that improvement in background activity cannot be correlated with outcome, but it seems to be to some extent since at the same time cognitive functions also seem to improve; however, this last aspect need to be checked in much larger series. The number and location of EEG foci do not change, but they appear to be more active; this is likely to depend only on the concomitant reduction of bisynchronous activity. No correlation seems to exist between the number and the location of foci, which are generally multiple. Lateralization of bisynchronous discharges as well as the reduction of their frequency and duration were observed. However, the clinical course is quite different: in some patients we have achieved good clinical responses in others postoperative results were poor. Lateralization of bisynchronous discharges is never absolute, on the grounds that in prolonged recordings bisynchronous discharges are nearly always present. Bisynchronous discharges in some cases are alternatively predominant in both hemispheres even within minutes or seconds. It was observed that after certain time, generally some months, lateralized discharges tend to generalize again, confirming that corpus callosum is replaced in discharge diffusion by other structures (brain-stem, diencephalon).
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Epilepsy-surgery; Middle-Age; Prognosis-
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Electroencephalography-; *Epilepsy-physiopathology
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97419298
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 16 of 280
TI: Modifications in morphology of epileptic seizures after callosotomy.
AU: Quattrini; Papo-I; Ortenzi-A; Cesarano-R; Paggi-A; Foschi-N; Del-Pesce-M; Rychlicki-F
AD: Epilepsy Centre, Regional Hospital, Ancona, Italy.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 81-4
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: The callosotomy on drug-resistant epileptic seizures may abolish or reduce their frequency and may modified the morphology of different kind of seizures. Our series is composed of 36 patients. Drop-attacks and complex partial seizures (CP) were present in all patients, generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTC) in 16 (44.4%) and simple partial seizures (SP) and myoclonic attacks (MY) in 6 patients each. We found two kinds of modifications: a) lateralization of hypotonia which becomes hemisomatic, with lateral bending to the hypotonic side; b) different way of falling, due not only to the lateralization of hypotonia but also to the gradual impairment of muscle tone. Modifications in CP mainly concerned automatisms, which disappeared in 39.1% of patients, while 34.8% of them had a significant reduction in automatisms; this reduction consisted in simplification of automatic movements and in shorter duration of seizures.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Epilepsy-surgery; Prognosis-
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Epilepsy-physiopathology
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97419297
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 17 of 280
TI: Neuropsychological and neurophysiological consequences of partial callosotomy.
AU: Woiciechowsky-C; Vogel-S; Meyer-BU; Lehmann-R
AD: Department of Neurosurgery, Charite, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 75-80
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: Sixty-five patients with lesions affecting the third ventricle (54 patients) or the corpus callosum itself (11 patients) underwent partial callosotomy or a circumscribed callosal resection. Before the surgery 20 patients were studied using the battery of cognitive, affective and behavioural tests which was repeated 10 and 100 days after surgery. No disconnection syndrome was over observed after the partial commissurotomy. Transcranial magnetic stimulation over the sensorimotor cortex was performed in 10 patients to determine conduction time of callosal fibres by measuring inhibition of tonic voluntary electromyographic activity in muscle's ipsilateral to the activated hemisphere. It was found that this inhibition was absent in patients with lesions of the trunk of the corpus callosum and present in patients with lesions of the genu or splenium. In addition magnetic resonance imaging measurements of the corpus callosum were performed in 40 normal subjects to establish a classification system for corpus callosal area. The results showed a wide variability of the cross-sectional area of the corpus callosum. The comparison of the shape of the corpus callosum lead to a categorisation according to the presence and location of depressions on its surface.
MESH: Brain-Neoplasms-pathology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Neuropsychological-Tests; Prognosis-
MESH: *Brain-Neoplasms-physiopathology; *Brain-Neoplasms-psychology; *Corpus-Callosum-surgery
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97419296
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 18 of 280
TI: Neuropsychological outcome of corpus callosotomy in children and adolescents.
AU: Lassonde-M; Sauerwein-C
AD: Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 67-73
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: The effect of corpus callosotomy on cognitive functioning, social adjustment and motor behavior was studied in 25 pediatric patients. In order to assess age-related differences in cerebral adjustment, the sample was divided into two groups, one group operated on before and the other after the age of 13 years. Pre- and postoperative data were collected from all patients by means of standardized neuropsychological tests. When possible, the children were also submitted to simple interhemispheric transfer tasks in the tactile modality. Results revealed that all patients benefited from the callosotomy, regardless of their age and their mental capacities at the time of the surgery. The greatest improvements were observed in social adjustment. Generally, neuropsychological outcome paralleled neurological outcome. In keeping with the plasticity hypothesis, the young group showed greater gains than the older group. The latter showed similar sequelae as the adult split-brain patients described in the literature. Number of years of uncontrolled seizures was not related to neuropsychological outcome. Higher IQ was associated with better outcome in the young group, mainly because this group was more severely retarded and had more to gain from the surgery than the older group. However, mental retardation should not be an exclusion criterion for corpus callosotomy in view of the potential benefit of the surgery for the patient and his/her family.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Cognition-physiology; Epilepsy-physiopathology; Motor-Activity-physiology; Neuropsychological-Tests; Prognosis-; Social-Adjustment
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Epilepsy-psychology; *Epilepsy-surgery
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97419295
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 19 of 280
TI: Neuropsychological alterations after split-brain surgery.
AU: Sauerwein-HC; Lassonde-M
AD: Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 59-66
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: Neuropsychological changes following corpus callosotomy depend on the degree of the callosal section, the portion sectioned and the patient's age at the time of the surgery. Anterior section frequently results in transient hemiparesis of the non-dominant leg and temporary difficulties in initiating speech. Posterior section is followed by disconnection symptoms in the sensory modalities which can be demonstrated when input is lateralized and one hemisphere is denied access to the information received by the other. Visual and tactile stimuli presented to the non-dominant hemisphere are no longer verbally identified due to disconnection from the language-dominant hemisphere. Total callosotomy additionally interrupts interhemispheric communication between the motor regions. This results in deficits in bimanual coordination and apraxia of the non-dominant hand to verbal commands. Some of the symptoms subside, probably due to increased use of ipsilateral sensory and motor pathways. Others are permanent. However, they are not disabling since unrestricted scanning of the environment ensures bilateral representation of sensory experience. Cognitive functions are frequently improved, although preexisting lateralized deficits may be exacerbated. Learning of new material is difficult for some patients with lateralized temporal lobe dysfunction in whom interhemispheric compensation is abolished by the surgery. Language deficits are observed mainly in patients with crossed dominance. Studies in children reveal that callosotomy performed before puberty is not followed by permanent disconnection deficits. This may be attributable to the greater neural plasticity of the immature brain.
MESH: Child-; Cognition-physiology; Personality-physiology
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Neuropsychological-Tests
TG: Human; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
AN: 97419294
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 20 of 280
TI: Callosotomy for intractable epilepsy: overall outcome.
AU: Rougier-A; Claverie-B; Pedespan-JM; Marchal-C; Loiseau-P
AD: Clinique Universitaire de Neurochirurgie, Hopital Pellegrin-Tripode, Bordeaux, France.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 51-7
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: The effectiveness of callosotomy to the control of medically intractable epilepsy is still discussed fifty years after the first reported cases. Nevertheless patient selection, type of seizures and epileptic syndromes are now better determined. Atonic and tonic astatic seizures characterized both by clinical and electroencephalographical specific patterns, are the most responsive. A favorable outcome, from > 50% reduction in seizure frequency to a complete cessation, is obtained from 60 to 80% of the patients. For tonic-clonic seizures, favorable outcome fluctuates from 40% to 80% principally according to the extension of the section. Other types of seizures are not indicated for callosotomy even though some improvement may be observed. Symptomatic secondary generalized epilepsy with predominent unilateral lesion and epileptic focus on bifrontal lobe epilepsy are the most suitable indication. True generalized epilepsies are associated with a less favorable outcome. Indeed, axial spasms, the most frequent type of drop attacks in the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, probably do not have a cortical origin. Quality of life and social adjustment are assessed from a cohort of 20 cases of anterior two-third callosotomy. Actual benefits are in close connection with both seizure relief and age at operation. To obtain a gain in social independence not only seizure control has to be better but also surgery must be performed sooner.
MESH: Epilepsy-physiopathology; Quality-of-Life; Social-Adjustment; Treatment-Outcome
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Epilepsy-surgery
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
AN: 97419293
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 21 of 280
TI: Transcallosal approach to tumors of the third ventricle. Surgical results and neuropsychological evaluation.
AU: Villani-R; Papagno-C; Tomei-G; Grimoldi-N; Spagnoli-D; Bello-L
AD: Institute of Neurosurgery, University of Milan, Ospedale Maggiore of Milan, IRCCS, Italy.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 41-50
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: A series of 34 patients with tumours of the third ventricle were operated on by a transcallosal route. Basal extrinsic lesions compressing or invading the ventricle as well as tumours located in the pineal area were excluded from this review. Tumours were approached by a transforaminal entry in 16 cases (47%), by an interforniceal route in 11 (32%), by a subchoroidal entry in 4 (14%) and by a combined transforaminal and subchoroidal entry in 3 (9%). Four out of 34 patients were submitted to a second operation, through the same approach corridor: 2 for an incomplete removal of an intrinsic tumour and 2 for a late regrowth. Postoperative mortality rate accounted for 5.8% (2 patients). Major post operative complications were hemiparesis (4 patients) and diabetes insipidus (4 patients), that were transient in 3. Akinetic mutism like status was observed in only 1 patient. Postoperative psychic disturbances were noticed in 5 cases. Nine out of 21 patients (62%) with preoperative hydrocephalus required a permanent CSF shunt. Histology revealed that 21 tumours (62%) were intraaxial (4 pilocitic astrocytoma, 10 low grade glioma, 1 giant cell astrocytoma, 1 subependymoma, 4 ependymoma/ependymoblastoma, 1 neurocitoma) and 13 (38%) were extraaxial (8 colloid cyst, 2 craniopharingioma, 1 ectopic pituitary adenoma, 1 lymphocytic hypophysitis and 1 metastasis). Total excision of third ventricle tumours was achieved in all patients with extraaxial tumours and in 62% and 71% of intraaxial tumours with the first and second surgical procedure respectively. Ten out of 34 patients of this series were submitted to a complete neuropsychological evaluation at an interval of 2-9 years after surgery. Memory tests were pathological in 2. Disconnection signs were constantly absent. Control function were preserved. Transcallosal approach remains the best microsurgical method of third ventricle tumours treatment. This route provides the capability for a superior visualization of the entire cavity of the third ventricle through different corridors. Permanent neurological and neuropsychological deficits are not frequent. Epilepsy, that accounted for 28% in patients submitted to transcortical transventricular approach to third ventricle tumours, was never noticed in this series operated on through a transcallosal route.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Aged-; Cerebral-Ventricle-Neoplasms-psychology; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Middle-Age; Neuropsychological-Tests; Prognosis-
MESH: *Brain-Neoplasms-surgery; *Cerebral-Ventricle-Neoplasms-surgery; *Corpus-Callosum-surgery
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97419292
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 22 of 280
TI: Callosotomy for drug resistant generalized seizures.
AU: Rossi-G; Colicchio-G; Marchese-E; Pompucci-A
AD: Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 37-40
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: We report our series of drug resistant epileptic patients submitted to callosotomy. The 25 patients were affected by severe epilepsy with invalidating generalized seizures with fall, lacking of indication for ablative surgery. Nineteen patients, with at least 1 year of follow-up, were considered for this study. The surgical outcome was classified as: class A), seizure disappearance; class B) 80%, class C) 80-50%, class D) less than 50% seizure reduction; E) increase of seizure frequency. The follow-up analysis shows that the better results are obtained with the generalized seizures, in particular the GTA. Our surgical results are discussed considering the data of the literature: about the functional anatomy of the Corpus Callosum, the experimental studies and the clinical series published on callosotomized epileptic patients.
MESH: Adult-; Drug-Resistance; Middle-Age; Prognosis-
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Epilepsy,-Generalized-surgery
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97419291
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 23 of 280
TI: Predictive factors of callosotomy in drug-resistant epileptic patients with a long follow-up.
AU: Papo-I; Quattrini-A; Ortenzi-A; Paggi-A; Rychlicki-F; Provinciali-L; Del-Pesce-M; Cesarano-C; Fioravanti-P
AD: Neurosurgical Division, Regional Hospital, Ancona, Italy.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 31-6
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: Some possible factors to predict outcome after callosotomy were investigated in a personal series composed of 36 patients. Twenty-seven of them were submitted to anterior callosotomy, 1 to posterior callosotomy and the remaining 8 patients to two stage complete division of corpus callosum. All factors, either positive or negative, do not appear completely reliable; they can be envisaged only in relative terms and do not seem to be relevant to make surgical decision or to discard surgery. In author's series, dealing specifically with drop-attacks, it clearly appeared that abrupt falls to the ground unpreceded by other epileptic features did definitely better. This was the only statistically significant datum.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Drug-Resistance; Follow-Up-Studies; Middle-Age; Risk-Factors; Time-Factors
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Epilepsy-surgery
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97419290
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 24 of 280
TI: The role of corpus callosum in experimental epileptogenesis. A brief survey of literature.
AU: Papo-I; Quattrini-A
AD: Neurosurgical Division, Regional Hospital, Ancona.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 27-30
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: The authors briefly summarize the experimental papers dealing with the role of corpus callosum in experimental epileptogenesis published over more than half a century. On the whole, the experimental work concerns more electro-encephalographic findings than epileptic manifestations in animals. The papers taken into account are classified in two main groups: I) positive findings supporting the efficacy of callosotomy in preventing generalization of initially localized seizures. II) papers failing to demonstrate any positive effect of commissurotomy on the generalization of discharges. On these grounds, experimental studies lack of homogeneity and cannot constitute a reliable basis for making surgical decision in clinical practice. However some remarks of practical use can be derived: a) the usefulness of the corpus callosum division for the management of secondarily generalized epilepsies appears to be sufficiently demonstrated in most studies; b) then is also evidence that the corpus callosum conveys inhibitory and/or suppressive stimuli as well, the practical value of which is still to be established; d) the corpus callosum is the most important but not the only anatomic structure for spreading seizures. Anterior and posterior commissures, thalamus, tegmentum tectum may play the same role.
MESH: Disease-Models,-Animal
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; *Epilepsy-physiopathology
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
AN: 97419289
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 25 of 280
TI: Corpus callosum: neuropathology.
AU: Schiffer-D; Borsotti-L
AD: Universita di Torino, Department Neuroscience, Italy.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 23-5
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: The anatomical and histological structure of Corpus callosum is analysed, mainly in relation with cell composition and fibre distribution. The vascularization of Corpus callosum is analyzed in relation with the distribution of the supplying arteries and the fine organization of small vessels. The first part of the presentation deals with damages of corpus callosum as a consequence of hemorrhagic and ischemic vasculopathies. The lesions may be direct or indirect; the latter follow the distruction of hemispheric areas interconnecting through the corpus callosum or occur as the product of reduced flow in the territories of carotid and vertebral arteries. A special mention is dedicated to the anatomoclinical syndromes developing after damages to the anterior or posterior section of Corpus callosum. The second part deals with specific diseases such as Marchiafava-Bignami's disease, which is treated as an example of glial cell pathology and chronic edema. The third part deals with tumors. Besides lymphomas which need a separate consideration for their modality of growth, neuroepithelial tumors are discussed. The most important problem is that of invasion through the Corpus callosum. The cell traffic in this structure with all the connected questions about cell migration, adhesiveness and motility are presented. Pathology of Corpus callosum is extended also to anatomically related median structures such as fornix and septum pellucidum. The latter is one of the principal pathways of diffusion in gliomas.
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-pathology
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
AN: 97419288
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 26 of 280
TI: Cognition and quality of life in patients after transcallosal microsurgery for midline tumors.
AU: Hutter-BO; Spetzger-U; Bertalanffy-H; Gilsbach-JM
AD: Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University (RWTH) of Aachen, Germany.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 123-9
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: OBJECTIVE: The transcallosal route has been propagated as a safe approach to midline tumors. The present study was performed in order to elucidate the neurobehavioral late sequelae in patients after transcallosal microsurgery on near-midline tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The present study was performed retrospectively with a delay between surgery and follow-up examination ranging from 2 to 36 months (mean 10.2 months). SETTING: The study was performed in the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of the University of Technology (RWTH) Aachen, Germany. PATIENTS: A consecutive series of 18 patients treated for an intracranial lesion by transcallosal surgery was included into the study. The patients had to be not younger than 16 and not older than 67 years. The age mean was 38.9 years (range 16 to 65 years). INTERVENTIONS: The surgical approach was performed along the falx cerebi under microneurosurgical conditions with direct use of the microscope after opening the dura. MEASURES: Beyond neurological examinations, the patients were submitted to an extensive neuropsychological testing battery. Furthermore, quality of life was examined by means of a questionnaire. RESULTS: Surgery was performed without persistent new neurological deficits. Cognitive deficits were found in short- and long-term memory, motor fine-coordination, reaction time, divided attention and fronto-cortical capacity. The quality of life was particularly impaired in the area of cognitive capacity in daily life. These findings could be related to the duration of preoperative symptoms and to the tumor location. CONCLUSIONS: The deficits found cannot be explained by surgical damage to the corpus callosum itself. Rather, they seem to correspond to an extra-callosal pathology. Further studies with a prospective evaluation of larger patient samples are called for in the future.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Aged-; Microsurgery-; Middle-Age; Neuropsychological-Tests; Prognosis-
MESH: *Brain-Neoplasms-surgery; *Cognition-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Quality-of-Life
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97419304
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 27 of 280
TI: Surgical treatment of anterior callosal tumors.
AU: D'Angelo-V; Napolitano-M; Gorgoglione-L; Scarabino-T; Latino-R; Simone-P; Bisceglia-M
AD: Department of Neurosurgery, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital IRCCS, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 117-22
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: OBJECTIVE: Thirteen patients with neoplasm of anterior corpus callosum have undergone our observation during the last two years. METHODS: For the diagnosis, all the patients underwent TC, NMR and stereotactic biopsy. In 6 cases with glioblastomas, a radiation treatment was adopted. The other 7 patients underwent total surgical treatment in 5 cases, and partial in 2 cases, as documented by postoperative contrast-enhanced CT scanning. Histologically, there were: 3 glioblastomas, 1 grade III astrocytoma, 1 neuroblastoma (PNET), 2 pilocytic astrocytomas. RESULTS: Neuropsychological tests carried out on the 5 patients still living showed persistent disturbances of verbal memory in all five and disturbances of verbal phonological fluency in 3 cases. No patient presented apraxia, dysgraphia and dyslexia. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, no severe neuropsychological deficits developed after surgical treatment of anterior callosal tumors.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Aged-; Brain-Neoplasms-pathology; Glioblastoma-pathology; Glioblastoma-surgery; Middle-Age; Neuropsychological-Tests; Prognosis-
MESH: *Brain-Neoplasms-surgery; *Corpus-Callosum-surgery
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97419303
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 28 of 280
TI: Surgical treatment of glial tumours of genus corpus callosum and medial parts of frontal lobes.
AU: Kachkov-IA; Bictimirov-RG; Annanapesov-SM
AD: Department of Neurosurgery, Moscow Regional Scientific Research Clinical Institute (Monici), Russia.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 113-5
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: The analysis was done of surgical treatment possibilities of glial tumours located in genus corpus callosum and medial parts of frontal lobes. It was shown that in most cases it's possible to remove these tumours totally or sub-totally with good clinical effect.
MESH: Adult-; Brain-Neoplasms-pathology; Brain-Neoplasms-radiography; Glioma-pathology; Glioma-radiography; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age; Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed
MESH: *Brain-Neoplasms-surgery; *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Frontal-Lobe-surgery; *Glioma-surgery
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97419302
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 29 of 280
TI: A callosal disconnection syndrome of vascular origin.
AU: Nocentini-U; Borghese-NA; Caltagirone-C; Fadda-L; Lacquaniti-F
AD: Clinica Neurologica, Universita, Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 107-11
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: OBJECTIVE: To study the after-effects of a selective lesion of the corpus callosum on the capacity in transferring spatial information on arm posture derived from kinesthesia and vision. DESIGN: Neuropsychological and psychophysical evaluations of a patient with callosal damage. SETTING: Institute of Neurology, University of "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy and Research Centre, IRCCS "S. Lucia", Rome, Italy. PATIENT: P.V., a 59 years old man suffering from a vascular lesion of the left half of corpus callosum and left callosal radiations. MEASURES: Sensori-motor and cognitive tasks. Exo- and egocentric pointing abilities tasks. RESULTS: Impairments due to a disconnection between the two cerebral hemispheres were pointed out. About pointing abilities, errors were greater when each hand pointed to the remembered location of the other hand. Errors decreased dramatically with eyes open for right hand pointing to remembered location of left and right hand, and left hand pointing to remembered location of left hand. Open eyes left hand pointing to remembered location of right hand remained as poor as with eyes closed. CONCLUSIONS: The results appear compatible with the following network: visual information from striate and extrastriate cortex is passed forward to parietal cortex bilaterally (even in PV due to the splenium sparing). Kinesthetic information from parietal cortex of left and right hemisphere converge on a single visuokinesthetic center, lateralized to the left hemisphere. Information about limb position in three-dimensional space is then encoded in body-centered coordinates and passed forward to motor and premotor cortex in the frontal lobe. These frontal regions are those disconnected in PV.
MESH: Middle-Age; Neuropsychological-Tests
MESH: *Cerebral-Ischemia-physiopathology; *Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; *Neural-Pathways-physiopathology
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97419301
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 30 of 280
TI: The callosal connections of the hierarchically organized somatosensory areas of primates.
AU: Manzoni-T
AD: Institute of Human Physiology, University of Ancona, Italy.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1997 Mar; 41(1): 1-22
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
MESH: Primates-
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; *Neural-Pathways-anatomy-and-histology; *Somatosensory-Cortex-anatomy-and-histology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-ACADEMIC
AN: 97419287
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 31 of 280
TI: Evolution of anisotropic diffusion in the developing rat corpus callosum.
AU: Vorisek-I; Sykova-E
AD: Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague.
SO: J-Neurophysiol. 1997 Aug; 78(2): 912-9
ISSN: 0022-3077
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Diffusion anisotropy was investigated in the developing rat brain [postnatal day (P)6-29] with the use of ion-selective microelectrodes to measure the three-dimensional distribution of tetramethylammonium (TMA+) iontophoresed into the extracellular space (ECS). The diffusion parameters, ECS volume fraction alpha (alpha = ECS volume/total tissue volume), tortuosity lambda (lambda2 = apparent diffusion coefficient/free diffusion coefficient), and nonspecific TMA+ uptake (k'), were studied in cortical gray matter (layer V) and corpus callosum (CC) of anesthetized rats. ECS volume fraction in cortex and CC was about twice as large in the newborn rat as in adults. In this study, more detailed analysis revealed that alpha in CC gradually decreased from P4, when alpha ranged between 0.42 and 0.45, and reached a final value of 0.26 +/- 0.01 (SE, n = 12 measurements, 6 animals) at about P21. Diffusion in the ECS of CC was isotropic until about P12, i.e., there was no significant difference in the tortuosity factor, lambda, between the three perpendicular axes. From P13 to P17 anisotropy greatly increased as a result of preferential diffusion along the myelinated axons (X-axis). At P21-23 the tortuosity values were lambda(x) = 1.46 +/- 0.03, lambda(y) = 1.70 +/- 0.01, and lambda(z) = 1.72 +/- 0.02 (n = 12), and there were no further changes up to the last postnatal day studied, P29. In contrast to the myelinated CC, cortical gray matter remained isotropic up to P29, with a tortuosity of 1.54 +/- 0.02 (n = 12). The results suggest that diffusion anisotropy in the rat CC is related to myelination; it reaches a maximum at P17, when myelination is well advanced. In myelinated pathways, preferential diffusion of ions and transmitters occurs along the axons. These results are relevant to volume transmission and the interpretation of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.
MESH: Anisotropy-; Cerebral-Cortex-metabolism; Corpus-Callosum-metabolism; Diffusion-; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar
MESH: *Ammonium-Compounds-pharmacokinetics; *Cerebral-Cortex-growth-and-development; *Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; *Ganglionic-Stimulants-pharmacokinetics
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 51-92-3
NM: Ammonium-Compounds; Ganglionic-Stimulants; tetramethylammonium
AN: 97450683
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 32 of 280
TI: Effect of callosal bisection on seizure development and interhemispheric transfer effects in feline motor cortical kindling.
AU: Kudo-T; Yagi-K; Seino-M
AD: National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Higashi Hospital, Japan.
SO: Epilepsy-Res. 1997 Sep; 28(2): 105-18
ISSN: 0920-1211
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: Motor cortical (MC) kindling was carried out in 12 adult cats, seven with the corpus callosum (CC) intact and five with the CC bisected, to study interhemispheric transfer effects and the effect of callosal bisection on both seizure development and interhemispheric transfer effects. MC kindling developed from partial motor seizures to partial onset generalized convulsions. Interhemispheric negative transfer effect, but not positive, existed in secondary site kindling and primary site retest of the CC-intact group, as shown by: (i) electroencephalographically lateralized seizure development in the stimulated hemisphere; (ii) delayed generalization of partial onset generalized convulsions; and (iii) a markedly unstable generalized convulsive seizure state. The CC-bisected group showed: (i) significantly delayed seizure development from partial motor seizure stage to generalized convulsive seizure stage in primary and secondary kindling; (ii) facilitated intrahemispheric seizure development; (iii) the diminution of interhemispheric negative transfer effect; (iv) modified generalized convulsions showing extremely asymmetrical generalized convulsions shifting from contralaterally dominant convulsions to ipsilaterally dominant ones (n = 2) or alternate generalized convulsions changing from contralateral hemiconvulsions to ipsilateral ones (n = 3). The results obtained suggest that the CC plays a major role in interhemispheric seizure propagation as well as interhemispheric negative transfer effects in MC kindling and may have suppressive effect on intrahemispheric motor seizure development in MC kindling. However, interhemispheric seizure propagation and interhemispheric negative transfer effects were mediated via other structures, possibly subcortical structures, when the CC was bisected.
MESH: Cats-; Electric-Stimulation
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Epilepsy-physiopathology; *Kindling-Neurology; *Motor-Cortex-physiology
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97413132
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 33 of 280
TI: Myelination delay in the cerebral white matter of immature rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus is reversible.
AU: Del-Bigio-MR; Kanfer-JN; Zhang-YW
AD: Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
SO: J-Neuropathol-Exp-Neurol. 1997 Sep; 56(9): 1053-66
ISSN: 0022-3069
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: We hypothesized that hydrocephalus in young animals could cause a delay in myelination. Hydrocephalus was induced in 3-week-old rats by injecting kaolin into the cisterna magna. Ventricular size was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. After 1 to 4 weeks, rats were either sacrificed, or treated by diversionary shunting of cerebrospinal fluid and then sacrificed 3 to 4 weeks later. Samples of corpus callosum/supraventricular white matter, fimbria, medulla, and spinal cord were assayed for myelin-related enzyme activities including p-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine phosphocholine phosphodiesterase (PNPCP), glycerophosphocholine phosphocholine phosphodiesterase (GPCP), and 2',3'-cyclic neucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), and the oligodendrocyte enzyme UDP-galactose, ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGa1T). Myelin basic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP) were assayed in cerebrum by immunoblots and Northern blot. The corpus callosum was processed for electron microscopy and myelin thickness to axon diameter ratios were quantified. One week after induction of hydrocephalus, CGa1T and GPCP activity were reduced in the corpus callosum there was less MBP and PLP in the cerebrum, and myelin sheaths around axons greater than 0.4 micron in diameter were abnormally thin. With persistent hydrocephalus, the corpus callosum became thinned, axons were lost, and myelin-related enzyme activities and proteins were decreased. Treatment of hydrocephalus at 1 week largely prevented the damage while shunting at 4 weeks failed to restore the injured white matter. Early reduction in CGa1T activity in the medulla and spinal cord suggest that oligodendrocyte production of myelin was reduced, even before irreversible damage occurred in the corticospinal tracts. We conclude that hydrocephalus in the immature rat brain delays myelination, but compensatory myelination is possible if treatment is instituted prior to the development of axonal injury. Possible mechanisms of oligodendrocyte impairment are discussed.
MESH: Apoproteins-metabolism; Cerebrospinal-Fluid-Shunts; Corpus-Callosum-ultrastructure; Enzymes-metabolism; Hydrocephalus-pathology; Hydrocephalus-surgery; Myelin-Basic-Proteins-metabolism; Myelin-Proteolipid-Protein-metabolism; Myelin-Sheath-ultrastructure; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Reference-Values
MESH: *Animals,-Newborn-physiology; *Brain-growth-and-development; *Hydrocephalus-physiopathology; *Kaolin-; *Myelin-Sheath-physiology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 1332-58-7
NM: Apoproteins; Enzymes; Folch-Pi-apoprotein; Myelin-Basic-Proteins; Myelin-Proteolipid-Protein; Kaolin
AN: 97437413
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 34 of 280
TI: L1-associated diseases: clinical geneticists divide, molecular geneticists unite.
AU: Fransen-E; Van-Camp-G; Vits-L; Willems-PJ
AD: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
SO: Hum-Mol-Genet. 1997; 6(10): 1625-32
ISSN: 0964-6906
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: The neuronal cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is essential in the development of the nervous system. It is mainly expressed on neurons and Schwann cells, and plays a key role in axon outgrowth and pathfinding through interactions with various extracellular ligands and intracellular second messenger systems. Mutations in L1 are responsible for a wide spectrum of neurologic abnormalities and mental retardation. This spectrum includes X-linked hydrocephalus, MASA syndrome, X-linked complicated spastic paraplegia type 1 and X-linked agenesis of the corpus callosum. These four diseases were initially described as distinct clinical entities with an overlapping clinical spectrum, but can now be lumped into one syndrome caused by mutations in the L1 gene. The main clinical features of this spectrum are Corpus callosum hypoplasia, mental Retardation, Adducted thumbs, Spastic paraplegia and Hydrocephalus, which has led to the acronym CRASH syndrome.
MESH: Antigens,-Surface-genetics; Base-Sequence; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Hydrocephalus-genetics; Molecular-Sequence-Data; Nervous-System-abnormalities; Nervous-System-physiology; Paraplegia-genetics; Syndrome-
MESH: *Mental-Retardation-genetics; *Mutation-; *Nervous-System-Diseases-genetics; *NCAM-genetics; *X-Chromosome
TG: Animal; Human; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-ACADEMIC
RN: 0; 0; 0
NM: Antigens,-Surface; L1-antigen; NCAM
AN: 97444121
UD: 9712
SI: GENBANK/Z29373
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 35 of 280
TI: Isolation of a right hemisphere cognitive system in a patient with anarchic (alien) hand sign.
AU: Baynes-K; Tramo-MJ; Reeves-AG; Gazzaniga-MS
AD: Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis 95616, USA. kbaynes@ucdavis.edu
SO: Neuropsychologia. 1997 Aug; 35(8): 1159-73
ISSN: 0028-3932
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: We report evidence of isolated conceptual knowledge in the right hemisphere of a woman with chronic anarchic hand sign after ischemic infarction of the central four-fifths of the corpus callosum. Limited visual information was available to the right hemisphere, access to medial temporal structures subserving memory was disrupted and disconnection from left hemisphere language structures was complete. Still, the right hemisphere could build mental representations of objects via tactile input and use them in cross-modal matching. These representations were not accessed consistently in auditory comprehension or naming tasks. This functional specificity and its pathoanatomical correlates demonstrate that the study of anarchic hand sign can illuminate not just motor control issues but may inform our understanding of the representation and lateralization of conceptual knowledge as well.
MESH: Brain-Diseases-etiology; Cerebrovascular-Disorders-pathology; Cerebrovascular-Disorders-physiopathology; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Knowledge-; Laterality-; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age
MESH: *Brain-Diseases-physiopathology; *Cerebrovascular-Disorders-complications; *Cognition-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: R29DC00811DCNIDCD; MH18012MHNIMH; NS22626NSNINDS
AN: 97398483
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 36 of 280
TI: Monozygotic twins discordant for Aicardi syndrome.
AU: Costa-T; Greer-W; Rysiecki-G; Buncic-JR; Ray-PN
AD: Department of Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
SO: J-Med-Genet. 1997 Aug; 34(8): 688-91
ISSN: 0022-2593
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Aicardi syndrome is a developmental disorder characterised by agenesis of the corpus callosum, retinal lacunae, seizures, and developmental delay. It is believed to be X linked with lethality in males. We report a set of monozygotic female twins one of whom is healthy and intellectually normal while the other has the classical Aicardi phenotype with profound retardation. Family history is negative. Both had normal karyotypes. Monozygosity was established by blood grouping, chromosomal heteromorphisms, and DNA analysis using six hypervariable probes (five autosomal and one X linked) and three X linked RFLP probes. We tested the hypothesis that preferential inactivation of a different X chromosome had occurred in each girl. Methylation sensitive RFLP analysis of DNA from EBV transformed B lymphocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts using MspI/HpaII digestion and probing with M27 beta showed a very similar pattern of X inactivation in both twins with no evidence of preferential expression of one particular X chromosome. We conclude that the abnormalities in the affected twin are probably the consequence of a postzygotic mutation in early embryonic development.
MESH: Adult-; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Deoxyribonuclease-HpaII-metabolism; Dosage-Compensation-Genetics; Herpesvirus-4,-Human; Karyotyping-; Linkage-Genetics; Pedigree-; Polymorphism,-Restriction-Fragment-Length; Retina-abnormalities; Syndrome-; X-Chromosome
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-genetics; *Diseases-in-Twins-genetics; *Twins,-Monozygotic-genetics
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: EC 3.1.21.-
NM: Deoxyribonuclease-HpaII
AN: 97425716
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 37 of 280
TI: Infarction of the corpus callosum: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
AU: Chrysikopoulos-H; Andreou-J; Roussakis-A; Pappas-J
AD: Department of Radiology, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece.
SO: Eur-J-Radiol. 1997 Jul; 25(1): 2-8
ISSN: 0720-048X
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: OBJECTIVE: To describe the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) features of corpus callosum (CC) infarctions. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively 352 consecutive cranial CT and MR scans showing cerebral infarcts. Involvement of the CC was identified in 28 patients. RESULTS: Infarctions of the CC were diffuse (n = 3) or focal (n = 25). The former were seen in the setting of diffuse cerebral ischemia secondary to cardiopulmonary arrest or status epilepticus. The latter were divided into those affecting predominantly the genu, body or splenium. The most common location of the insult was the splenium (n = 13), followed by the body (n = 6) and genu (n = 3). In the remaining three patients combined genu/body infarctions were seen. CONCLUSION: Infarction of the CC may be more common than previously thought and is most often the result of cerebral embolism. MR is better suited than CT for the detection of vascular lesions of the CC.
MESH: Adult-; Aged-; Aged,-80-and-over; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age; Retrospective-Studies; Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed
MESH: *Cerebral-Infarction-diagnosis; *Corpus-Callosum-blood-supply; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97392047
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 38 of 280
TI: Decreased multi-band posterior interhemispheric coherence with a lipoma on the corpus callosum: a case report of a possible association.
AU: Pinkofsky-HB; Struve-FA; Meyer-MA; Patrick-G; Reeves-RR
AD: Department of Psychiatry, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport 71130-3932, USA.
SO: Clin-Electroencephalogr. 1997 Jul; 28(3): 155-9
ISSN: 0009-9155
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The corpus callosum plays a role in mediating interhemisphere communication. Coherence may be a quantitative EEG-based measure of this communication. The present report is of a female schizophrenic patient with a marked coherence deficit in the temporal-parietal-occipital region involving multiple frequency bands. An MRI scan of her brain revealed a lipoma involving the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is speculated that this lipoma may have caused a physical impingment on or developmental aberration of adjacent callosal fibers, resulting in the observed coherence deficit. Further studies of coherence measures in patients with collosal lipomas are proposed.
MESH: Adult-; Brain-Mapping; Brain-Neoplasms-diagnosis; Cerebral-Cortex-physiopathology; Lipoma-diagnosis; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Organic-Mental-Disorders,-Psychotic-diagnosis; Organic-Mental-Disorders,-Psychotic-physiopathology; Schizophrenia-diagnosis; Schizophrenia-physiopathology; Signal-Processing,-Computer-Assisted
MESH: *Brain-Neoplasms-physiopathology; *Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; *Cortical-Synchronization; *Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; *Electroencephalography-; *Lipoma-physiopathology
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97385455
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 39 of 280
TI: A neuropsychological perspective on three schizophrenic patients with midline structural defects.
AU: Edelstyn-NM; Oyebode-F; Riddoch-MJ; Soppitt-R; Moselhy-H; George-M
AD: University Department of Psychiatry, Queen Elizabeth Psychiatric Hospital, Birmingham.
SO: Br-J-Psychiatry. 1997 May; 170: 416-21
ISSN: 0007-1250
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: BACKGROUND: The relationship between midline structural defects and schizophrenia remains unclear, although a number of neuroradiological studies have reported an association between schizophrenia and a range of anomalies. METHOD: Three patients are reported, each diagnosed with schizophrenia and neuroradiological evidence of midline structural anomalies. MRI scans are reported in conjunction with performance over a range of neuropsychological tests designed to assess frontal and lateralised cognitive functions. RESULTS: Evidence of anterior dysfunction was present in all three cases, while on an individual basis patients displayed varying patterns of preserved and dysfunctional cognitive processing. CONCLUSION: The reported findings raise a number of interesting issues regarding the nature of hemispheric involvement in schizophrenia.
MESH: Adult-; Cognition-Disorders-physiopathology; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Language-Disorders-pathology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Memory-Disorders-diagnosis; Memory-Disorders-physiopathology; Middle-Age; Pattern-Recognition,-Visual-physiology; Problem-Solving; Schizophrenia-physiopathology; Space-Perception-physiology; Vision-Disorders-pathology; Visual-Perception
MESH: *Cognition-Disorders-diagnosis; *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Neuropsychological-Tests; *Schizophrenia-diagnosis; *Schizophrenic-Psychology
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97452899
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 40 of 280
TI: Hypomelanosis of Ito may or may not involve hair growth [letter]
AU: Lestringant-GG; Topley-J; Sztriha-L; Frossard-PM
SO: Dermatology. 1997; 195(1): 71-2
ISSN: 1018-8665
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: SWITZERLAND
MESH: Abnormalities,-Multiple-pathology; Cerebral-Ventricles-abnormalities; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Follow-Up-Studies; Infant-; Infant,-Newborn; Mental-Retardation-pathology; Mosaicism-pathology
MESH: *Hypertrichosis-pathology; *Pigmentation-Disorders-pathology
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: LETTER
AN: 97413103
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 41 of 280
TI: [Interhemispheric disconnection caused by callosal infarction in the territory of the splenium artery (letter)]
TO: Deconnexion interhemispherique par infarctus calleux dans le territoire d'une artere spleniale.
AU: Hamon-JB; Medjbeur-S; Cohen-L; Tassan-P; Pierrot-Deseilligny-C
SO: Rev-Neurol-Paris. 1997 Feb; 155(1): 69-70
ISSN: 0035-3787
PY: 1997
LA: FRENCH; NON-ENGLISH
CP: FRANCE
MESH: Adult-; Cerebral-Infarction-physiopathology; Nervous-System-Diseases
MESH: *Cerebral-Infarction-complications; *Corpus-Callosum-blood-supply
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: LETTER
AN: 97441942
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 42 of 280
TI: [Agenesis of the corpus callosum: modes of manifestation in adults]
TO: Agenesie du corps calleux: les modes de revelation chez l'adulte.
AU: Lemesle-M; Giroud-M; Madinier-G; Martin-D; Baudouin-N; Binnert-D; Dumas-R
AD: Service de Neurologie, CHU, Dijon.
SO: Rev-Neurol-Paris. 1997 May; 153(4): 256-61
ISSN: 0035-3787
PY: 1997
LA: FRENCH; NON-ENGLISH
CP: FRANCE
AB: Agenesis of corpus callosum is an uncommon brain malformation that is usually detected in childhood. In adult, focal epileptic seizure is the most frequent manifestation. Otherwise, asymptomatic patients can be detected by cerebral imagery with specific criteria. Neither developmental disability nor interhemispheric transfer dysfunction are observed in those patients. Minor facial abnormalities can be found. Agenesis of corpus callosum in adult is usually paucisymptomatic. The prognosis depends on cerebral associated malformations which are involved in epilepsy and cognitive disturbances.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Aged-; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Electroencephalography-; English-Abstract; Epilepsy-physiopathology; Epilepsy,-Generalized-etiology; Epilepsy,-Generalized-physiopathology; Epilepsy,-Temporal-Lobe-etiology; Epilepsy,-Temporal-Lobe-physiopathology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Mental-Disorders-etiology; Middle-Age; Prognosis-; Time-Factors
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Epilepsy-etiology
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97441925
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 43 of 280
TI: Corpus callosal changes associated with hydrocephalus: a report of two cases.
AU: Suh-DY; Gaskill-Shipley-M; Nemann-MW; Tureen-RG; Warnick-RE
AD: Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio, USA.
SO: Neurosurgery. 1997 Aug; 41(2): 488-93; discussion 493-4
ISSN: 0148-396X
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Focal or diffuse corpus callosal changes can occur in patients with active hydrocephalus who undergo shunting procedures. The neural compression caused by active hydrocephalus and the conditions that follow ventricular shunting may contribute to the development of these changes. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Two patients who underwent successful shunting for hydrocephalus subsequently developed thickening and diffuse signal changes in the corpus callosum, which were revealed by magnetic resonance imaging. The abnormal signal intensity extended laterally and linearly along the callosal fiber tracts and was not associated with mass effect. These changes persisted despite clinical improvement after the shunts were implanted. INTERVENTION: Detailed neuropsychological testing showed no evidence of residual cognitive impairment or any interruption of the interhemispheric transfer of information. It has been proposed that the impingement of the corpus callosum by the rigid falx may contribute to symptomatic hydrocephalus. Impingement may cause partial hemispheric disconnection, resulting from callosal axonal dysfunction. Our patients showed radiographic evidence of dramatic changes within the corpus callosum after ventricular shunting, consistent with a transcallosal demyelinating process. Patients demonstrated neither clinical nor neuropsychological evidence of callosal disconnection, even though the callosal changes persisted. In these two patients, it is reasonable to assume that the relative sparing of the splenium accounts for the lack of neuropsychological deficits. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, conservative management, rather than a stereotactic biopsy or other forms of intervention, seems reasonable when these characteristic changes of the callosum are noted by magnetic resonance imaging after a shunt for hydrocephalus has been implanted in the patient.
MESH: Cerebrospinal-Fluid-Shunts; Hydrocephalus-psychology; Hydrocephalus-surgery; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age; Neuropsychological-Tests; Postoperative-Complications-diagnosis; Treatment-Outcome
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Hydrocephalus-diagnosis
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97401554
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 44 of 280
TI: Sex differences in the corpus callosum with aging.
AU: Salat-D; Ward-A; Kaye-JA; Janowsky-JS
AD: Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201-3098, USA.
SO: Neurobiol-Aging. 1997 Mar-Apr; 18(2): 191-7
ISSN: 0197-4580
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The present study examined sex differences in the area and age-related atrophy of the corpus callosum (CC) of 76 healthy elderly subjects using magnetic resonance imaging. The cerebellum and pons served as noncortical control structures. CC area and its subregions were also related to cognitive performance. Women had a slightly larger posterior sector of the CC than men. Women but not men showed age-related atrophy of the anterior and middle sectors of the CC but not the posterior sector. Cerebellum and pons size was similar in men and women, and neither showed age-related atrophy. CC area was related to visual memory in women but not men; no other significant cognitive to structure area relationships were found. These findings show that selective age related atrophy of the CC differs in men and women late in life.
MESH: Aged-; Aged,-80-and-over; Atrophy-pathology; Cerebellum-growth-and-development; Cerebellum-pathology; Cognition-physiology; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Image-Processing,-Computer-Assisted; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Memory-physiology; Pons-growth-and-development; Pons-pathology; Prospective-Studies; Sex-Characteristics
MESH: *Aging-pathology; *Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development
TG: Comparative-Study; Female; Human; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S.; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: CLINICAL-TRIAL; JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: 5T32HLO733215; AG12611AGNIA; 5P30AG08017AGNIA
AN: 97403540
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 45 of 280
TI: Heteroaryl analogues of AMPA. Synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationships.
AU: Bang-Andersen-B; Lenz-SM; Skjaerbaek-N; Soby-KK; Hansen-HO; Ebert-B; Bogeso-KP; Krogsgaard-Larsen-P
AD: Research Departments, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.
SO: J-Med-Chem. 1997 Aug 29; 40(18): 2831-42
ISSN: 0022-2623
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: A number of 3-isoxazolol bioisosteres, 7a-i, of (S)-glutamic acid (Glu), in which the methyl group of (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA, 1) was replaced by different 5-membered heterocyclic rings, were synthesized. Comparative in vitro pharmacological studies on this series of AMPA analogues were performed using receptor binding assays (IC50 values) and the electrophysiological rat cortical slice model (EC50 values). None of these compounds showed detectable affinity for the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid subtype of Glu receptors. Some of the compounds were weak inhibitors of [3H]kainic acid binding. The inhibitory effects on [3H]AMPA binding and agonist potencies at AMPA receptors of 7a-i were strictly dependent on the structure, electrostatic potential, and methyl substitution of the heterocyclic 5-substituent. Thus, while 7a (IC50 = 0.094 microM; EC50 = 2.3 microM) was approximately equipotent with AMPA (IC50 = 0.023 microM; EC50 = 5.4 microM), (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)isoxazol-4-yl]propio nic acid (7b) (IC50 = 48 microM; EC50 = 550 microM) was some 2 orders of magnitude weaker than AMPA, and (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-isoxazol-4 -yl] propionic acid (7c) (IC50 > 100 microM; EC50 > 1000 microM) was inactive. Furthermore, (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)isoxazol -4-yl] propionic acid (7i) (IC50 = 0.030 microM; EC50 = 0.92 microM) was more potent than AMPA, whereas its N-1 methyl isomer, (RS)-2-amino-3-[3-hydroxy-5-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)isoxazol -4-yl] propionic acid (7h) (IC50 = 54 microM; EC50 > 1000 microM) was inactive as an AMPA agonist. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis revealed a positive correlation between receptor affinity, electrostatic potential near the nitrogen atom at the "ortho" position of the heterocyclic 5-substituent, and the rotational energy barrier around the bond connecting the two rings. We envisage that a hydrogen bond between the protonated amino group and an ortho-positioned heteroatom of the ring substituent at the 5-position stabilize receptor-active conformations of these AMPA analogues.
MESH: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic-Acid-chemistry; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic-Acid-pharmacology; Binding,-Competitive; Cerebral-Cortex-drug-effects; Corpus-Callosum-drug-effects; Electrophysiology-; Evoked-Potentials-drug-effects; Isoxazoles-chemistry; Kainic-Acid-metabolism; Kinetics-; Models,-Molecular; Molecular-Conformation; Molecular-Structure; Potentiometry-; Rats-; Receptors,-AMPA-drug-effects; Receptors,-AMPA-metabolism; Receptors,-Kainic-Acid-drug-effects; Receptors,-Kainic-Acid-metabolism; Structure-Activity-Relationship
MESH: *alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic-Acid-analogs-and-derivative; *alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic-Acid-chemical-synthesis; *Cerebral-Cortex-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Isoxazoles-chemical-synthesis; *Isoxazoles-pharmacology
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; In-Vitro
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 487-79-6; 77521-29-0
NM: Isoxazoles; Receptors,-AMPA; Receptors,-Kainic-Acid; Kainic-Acid; alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic-Acid
AN: 97434279
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 46 of 280
TI: Subthreshold receptive fields and baseline excitability of "silent" S1 callosal neurons in awake rabbits: contributions of AMPA/kainate and NMDA receptors.
AU: Swadlow-HA; Hicks-TP
AD: Department of Psychology, The University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA.
SO: Exp-Brain-Res. 1997 Jul; 115(3): 403-9
ISSN: 0014-4819
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: The contribution of NMDA and non-NMDA receptors to excitatory subthreshold receptive fields was examined in callosal efferent neurons (CC neurons) in primary somatosensory cortex of the fully awake rabbit. Only neurons showing no traditional (suprathreshold) receptive fields were examined. Subthreshold responses were examined by monitoring the thresholds of efferent neurons to juxtasomal current pulses (JSCPs) delivered through the recording microelectrode. Changes in threshold following a peripheral conditioning stimulus signify a subthreshold response. Using this method, excitatory postsynaptic potentials and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials are manifested as decreases and increases in JSCP threshold, respectively. NMDA and non-NMDA agonists and antagonists were administered iontophoretically via a multibarrel micropipette assembly attached to the recording/stimulating microelectrode. Receptor-selective doses of both AMPA/kainate and NMDA antagonists decreased the excitability of CC neurons in the absence of any peripheral stimulation. Threshold to JSCPs rose by a mean of 20% for both classes of antagonist. Despite the similar effects of NMDA and non-NMDA antagonists on baseline excitability, these antagonists had dramatically different effects on the subthreshold excitatory response to activation of the receptive field. Whereas receptor-selective doses of AMPA/kainate antagonists either eliminated or severely attenuated the subthreshold excitatory responses to peripheral stimulation, NMDA antagonists had little or no effect on the subthreshold evoked response.
MESH: Corpus-Callosum-cytology; Excitatory-Amino-Acid-Antagonists-pharmacology; Rabbits-; Receptors,-AMPA-antagonists-and-inhibitors; Receptors,-Kainic-Acid-antagonists-and-inhibitors; Receptors,-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-antagonists-and-inhibitors; Reference-Values
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Neurons,-Efferent-physiology; *Receptors,-AMPA-physiology; *Receptors,-Kainic-Acid-physiology; *Receptors,-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-physiology
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0
NM: Excitatory-Amino-Acid-Antagonists; Receptors,-AMPA; Receptors,-Kainic-Acid; Receptors,-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
AN: 97404109
UD: 9712
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 47 of 280
TI: Forelimb muscle contraction induced by cerebral cortical stimulation after callosotomy: a myographic study in the mouse.
AU: Shimada-M; Negi-T; Itano-T; Tamayama-T; Murakami-TH
AD: Department of Anatomy, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City Osaka, Japan.
SO: Kaibogaku-Zasshi. 1997 Jun; 72(3): 215-8
ISSN: 0022-7722
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: JAPAN
AB: The effect of callosotomy upon motor control by the cerebral cortex on the forelimb was examined in the mouse. On the 10th day after callosotomy in the rostral or caudal part of the corpus callosum, the forelimb area of the cerebral motor cortex was stimulated intracortically with a microelectrode and muscle contraction of the forelimb was recorded by electromyography. Muscle contraction was observed in the contralateral forelimb in the mice of which callosal fibers were cut in the caudal part of the corpus callosum including the splenium corporis callosi as well as in the normal mice. On the other hand, muscle contraction was observed in the ipsilateral forelimb in the mice of which callosal fibers were incised in the rostral part of the corpus callosum including the genu, rostrum and trunk. The latency of the muscle contraction was about 0.5 msec in the both groups of the callosotomized mice, as well as in the normal mice.
MESH: Electric-Stimulation; Electromyography-; Forelimb-physiology; Mice-
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Motor-Cortex-physiology; *Muscle-Contraction-physiology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97395047
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 48 of 280
TI: A case of Marchiafava-Bignami disease with complete recovery: sequential imaging documenting improvement of callosal lesions.
AU: Tobita-M; Mochizuki-H; Takahashi-S; Onodera-H; Itoyama-Y; Iwasaki-Y
AD: Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
SO: Tohoku-J-Exp-Med. 1997 Jun; 182(2): 175-9
ISSN: 0040-8727
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: JAPAN
AB: Serial CT and MR imaging findings in a 44-year-old woman with Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) are reported. In the acute stage, CT studies disclosed subtle hypodensity in the splenium, and T2-weighted MR images revealed apparent high signal intensity of the splenium and the central portion of the corpus callosum. Treatment with vitamin B complex resulted in complete recovery. T2-weighted MR images obtained three weeks after admission revealed dramatic resolution of imaging abnormalities, with only faint high signal intensity remaining in the splenium. The sequential changes observed on CT and MR images provided early diagnosis of MBD and the resolution of the lesion considered as brain edema, which suggested that edema might, in addition to demyelination or necrosis, be involved in the acute progression of MBD.
MESH: Adult-; Corpus-Callosum-radiography; Epilepsy,-Tonic-Clonic-etiology; Epilepsy,-Tonic-Clonic-physiopathology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
MESH: *Alcoholism-complications; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Epilepsy,-Tonic-Clonic-drug-therapy; *Vitamin-B-Complex-therapeutic-use
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 12001-76-2
NM: Vitamin-B-Complex
AN: 97405266
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 49 of 280
TI: Evidence that skewed X inactivation is not needed for the phenotypic expression of Aicardi syndrome.
AU: Hoag-HM; Taylor-SA; Duncan-AM; Khalifa-MM
AD: Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
SO: Hum-Genet. 1997 Sep; 100(3-4): 459-64
ISSN: 0340-6717
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: Aicardi syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by absent corpus callosum, infantile spasms, and choriorentinal lacunae. It is sporadic in nature and affects only females, resulting in severe mental and physical handicap. It has been suggested that the disease is caused by a dominant X-linked mutation which occurs de novo in females, and is lethal in hemizygous male embryos. This mode of inheritance has been observed in a number of other rare syndromes. In these syndromes, when X inactivation is studied, a non-random pattern is usually found. We have studied the X inactivation pattern in ten female patients with Aicardi syndrome and their parents using the highly polymorphic, differentially methylated androgen receptor gene. The results showed an unexpected random X-inactivation pattern in these patients. Previous clinical and cytogenetic evidence suggests that Aicardi syndrome is caused by an X-linked dominant mutation, de novo in females and lethal in males. However, unlike most other known X-linked disorders inherited in this fashion, Aicardi syndrome patients have a normal (i.e., random) X-inactivation pattern. A number of possible explanations is proposed for this apparently contradictory evidence.
MESH: Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Phenotype-; Prenatal-Care; Retina-abnormalities; Spasm-genetics; Syndrome-
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-genetics; *Dosage-Compensation-Genetics
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97418136
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 50 of 280
TI: Increased axon number in the anterior commissure of mice lacking a corpus callosum.
AU: Livy-DJ; Schalomon-PM; Roy-M; Zacharias-MC; Pimenta-J; Lent-R; Wahlsten-D
AD: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
SO: Exp-Neurol. 1997 Aug; 146(2): 491-501
ISSN: 0014-4886
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Relatively few behavioral deficits are apparent in subjects with hereditary absence of the corpus callosum (CC). The anterior commissure (AC) has been suggested to provide an extracallosal route for the transfer of interhemispheric information in subjects with this congenital defect. Anterior commissure size, axon number, axon diameter, and neuronal distribution were compared between normal mice and those with complete CC absence. No difference in midsagittal AC area was found between normals and acallosals, nor were differences found in the numbers or diameters of myelinated axons. However, axon counts indicated an 17% increase or about 70,000 more unmyelinated axons in the AC of acallosal mice, and the mean diameter of unmyelinated axons was slightly less than in normal mice (0.24 vs 0.26 microm). This decrease in axon diameter enabled more axons to pass through the AC without increasing its midsagittal area. The topographical distribution of neurons sending axons through the AC, assessed with lipophilic dyes, was qualitatively similar for almost all the known regions of origin of the anterior commissure in normal and acallosal mice. There was a pronounced deficit of AC cells in the anterior piriform cortex of BALB/c mice, but this occurred whether or not the mouse suffered absent CC.Although the increase in AC axon number is far smaller than the number of CC axons that fail to reach the opposite hemisphere, the higher number of axons present in the AC of acallosal mice may contribute to the functional compensation for the loss of the CC.
MESH: Brain-pathology; Brain-physiopathology; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-Strains; Microscopy,-Electron; Neurons-pathology; Recombination,-Genetic; Reference-Values
MESH: *Axons-ultrastructure; *Brain-ultrastructure; *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97413674
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 51 of 280
TI: Polysyndactyly and trigonocephaly with partial agenesis of corpus callosum: an example of the variable clinical spectrum of the Acrocallosal syndrome? [letter]
AU: Fryns-JP; Devriendt-K; Legius-E
SO: Clin-Dysmorphol. 1997 Jul; 6(3): 285-6
ISSN: 0962-8827
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
MESH: Diagnosis,-Differential; Face-abnormalities; Syndrome-
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-diagnosis; *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Frontal-Bone-abnormalities; *Polydactyly-complications; *Syndactyly-complications
TG: Human
PT: LETTER
AN: 97363910
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 52 of 280
TI: Pure topographic disorientation due to right retrosplenial lesion.
AU: Takahashi-N; Kawamura-M; Shiota-J; Kasahata-N; Hirayama-K
AD: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan.
SO: Neurology. 1997 Aug; 49(2): 464-9
ISSN: 0028-3878
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: We report three patients with selective topographic disorientation due to small, focal hemorrhages extending from the right retrosplenial region to the medial parietal lobe. All three could discriminate and identify familiar buildings and landscapes, but had great difficulty remembering spatial positional relationships between two distant locations (i.e., the direction from one location to another) in familiar areas. These symptoms were different than the perception and memory deficits for buildings and landscapes caused by the medial temporo-occipital lesion. These findings suggest that the directional orientation between two locations within a familiar area ("sense of direction") is closely associated with the right retrosplenial region and the medial parietal lobe in humans.
MESH: Cerebral-Hemorrhage-diagnosis; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Corpus-Callosum-radiography; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Memory-physiology; Middle-Age; Parietal-Lobe-blood-supply; Parietal-Lobe-pathology; Parietal-Lobe-radiography; Pattern-Recognition,-Visual; Recall-; Space-Perception; Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed
MESH: *Cerebral-Hemorrhage-psychology; *Corpus-Callosum; *Corpus-Callosum-blood-supply; *Orientation-
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97416628
UD: 9711
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 53 of 280
TI: A volumetric MRI study of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.
AU: Moriarty-J; Varma-AR; Stevens-J; Fish-M; Trimble-MR; Robertson-MM
AD: Raymond-Way Neuropsychiatry Research Group, Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
SO: Neurology. 1997 Aug; 49(2): 410-5
ISSN: 0028-3878
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The neuroanatomic or neuropathologic basis of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) remains unknown. Recent studies have suggested abnormalities of cerebral asymmetry and basal ganglia volumes. We studied 17 patients with GTS and eight normal controls using volumetric MRI techniques for measuring the caudate nucleus, amygdala, and corpus callosum. One subject with GTS was subsequently excluded because he was left handed. No absolute differences in caudate nucleus volumes between patient and control groups were evident. There was an increase in corpus callosum (CC) cross-sectional area and a loss of the normal asymmetry of the caudate nucleus in the patient group. A loss of the normal correlation between cross-sectional area of the CC and whole brain index (WBI) in the patient group also was found. The amygdala measurements had a poor interrater reliability.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Anatomy,-Cross-Sectional; Middle-Age; Reference-Values
MESH: *Amygdaloid-Body-pathology; *Caudate-Nucleus-pathology; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; *Tourette-Syndrome-diagnosis
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97416619
UD: 9711
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 54 of 280
TI: A case of Lenz microphthalmia syndrome.
AU: Ozkinay-FF; Ozkinay-C; Yuksel-H; Yenigun-A; Sapmaz-G; Aksu-O
AD: Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
SO: J-Med-Genet. 1997 Jul; 34(7): 604-6
ISSN: 0022-2593
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Lenz microphthalmia syndrome was first described by Lenz et al in 1955. The cardinal features of the syndrome are microphthalmia or anophthalmos, narrow shoulders, other skeletal anomalies, and dental and urogenital malformations. Here we present a case of Lenz microphthalmia syndrome who shows the typical characteristics and, additionally, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum associated with dilatation of the lateral ventricles. The patient, a 13 year old male, was referred to our hospital by a dental hospital for genetic counselling. On physical examination, height, weight, and head circumference were below the 3rd centile and he had brachymicrocephaly, a preauricular tag, microphthalmia, missing teeth, narrow shoulders, long, proximally placed thumbs, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and a normal IQ. Ophthalmological examination showed microcornea, sclerocornea, absence of the pupil, no vision in the left eye and decreased vision and a small pupil in the right eye in addition to his bilateral microphthalmia. Cranial MRI showed dilatation of the lateral ventricles and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum.
MESH: Abnormalities,-Multiple; Adolescence-; Craniofacial-Abnormalities-pathology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Syndrome-
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Microphthalmos-
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97366165
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 55 of 280
TI: Ectopic craniopharyngioma: presentation of a case arising from the corpus callosum.
AU: Sangiovanni-G; Tancioni-F; Tartara-F; Gaetani-P; Rindi-G; Passeri-F; Rodriguez-y-Baena-R
AD: Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery, University of Pavia, Italy.
SO: Acta-Neurochir-Wien. 1997; 139(4): 379-80
ISSN: 0001-6268
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: AUSTRIA
MESH: Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age
MESH: *Brain-Neoplasms-pathology; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Craniopharyngioma-pathology
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97346364
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 56 of 280
TI: Circular stereotactic callosotomy: a preliminary report. Technical note.
AU: Nadvornik-P; Krupa-P; Chrastina-J; Smrcka-V; Novak-Z; Zborilova-E
AD: Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
SO: Acta-Neurochir-Wien. 1997; 139(4): 359-60
ISSN: 0001-6268
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: AUSTRIA
AB: The authors propose a new method for performing stereotactic callosotomy, which they have named circular callosotomy. The operating device is the original Riechert-Mundinger's string electrode, which can be protruded through a side window and by rotating the probe it is possible to cut the commisural pathways to the extent required. The anatomical results of the operation can be checked using MRI scanning.
MESH: Neurosurgery-
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Stereotaxic-Techniques
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97346358
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 57 of 280
TI: Schizophrenia as a chronic active brain process: a study of progressive brain structural change subsequent to the onset of schizophrenia.
AU: DeLisi-LE; Sakuma-M; Tew-W; Kushner-M; Hoff-AL; Grimson-R
AD: Department of Psychiatry, HSC, SUNY Stony Brook 11794, USA. ldelisi@ccmail.sunysb.edu
SO: Psychiatry-Res. 1997 Jul 4; 74(3): 129-40
ISSN: 0165-1781
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: Brain structural deviation is known to be present in chronic patients with schizophrenia when compared with normal age-matched individuals. While the assumption is that these differences are based on a neurodevelopmental disturbance, whether they are static or continue to change throughout the disease process remains unknown. The following report describes a prospective follow-up study of first episode cases of schizophrenic illness. Analyses of MRI evaluations on an approximate annual basis for a minimum of four years are presented on 50 patients and 20 controls. Computer-assisted image analysis measuring the volume of several brain regions, using the program ANALYZE (Mayo Clinic), was performed on all scans. Patients were compared with controls for the rate of change over time in size of structures. No differences were found for the volumes of the caudate nucleus, temporal lobes, or hippocampus; and no changes in the degree of cerebral laterality were detected. However, there was a significant difference in the rate of change in the overall volumes of left and right hemispheres (P < 0.0004 and 0.001, respectively), right cerebellum (P < 0.02) and area of the isthmus of the corpus callosum (P < 0.05). The left cerebral ventricle had significantly greater enlargement over time when measured on coronal slice sequences (P < 0.02), but was not detected by axial views. These findings suggest that a subtle active brain process may be continuing through the first few years of a schizophrenic illness causing greater than the normal adult cortical deterioration. Further studies using other methods of image analysis and over a longer period of time are needed to determine the course and nature of this biologic process.
MESH: Adult-; Age-Factors; Brain-pathology; Caudate-Nucleus-anatomy-and-histology; Cerebellum-anatomy-and-histology; Cerebral-Ventricles-anatomy-and-histology; Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; Hippocampus-anatomy-and-histology; Image-Processing,-Computer-Assisted; Laterality-; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-statistics-and-numerical-data; Schizophrenia-pathology; Software-; Temporal-Lobe-anatomy-and-histology
MESH: *Brain-anatomy-and-histology; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; *Schizophrenia-diagnosis
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: RO144233
AN: 97399759
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 58 of 280
TI: Early prenatal diagnosis of hydrocephalus.
AU: Reece-EA; Goldstein-I
AD: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
SO: Am-J-Perinatol. 1997 Feb; 14(2): 69-73
ISSN: 0735-1631
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of various measurements of the lateral ventricles (LVs) for the early prenatal diagnosis of evolving congenital hydrocephalus. A prospective study was conducted among 61 normal pregnancies, and 20 pregnancies complicated by neural axis malformations, between 19 and 24 weeks' gestation. The following ultrasound measurements were obtained: atrial width (AW); atrial-width/cerebro-atrial distance (CAD); left ventricular width/hemispheric distance, and cerebro-frontal horn/hemispheric width (HW) distance. Atrial width or AW/CAD had the highest diagnostic accuracy of 97.1% between 19-21 weeks; and 100% between 22-24 weeks. The other two parameters had improved accuracy as gestational age increased. However, between 19-21 weeks the other parameters were below 90% in their diagnostic accuracy. These data demonstrate that the simple measurement of the AW, used either singly or as a ratio with the CAD is effective for the early prenatal diagnosis of evolving hydrocephalus.
MESH: Cephalometry-; Cerebral-Veins-ultrasonography; Cerebral-Ventricles-ultrasonography; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Corpus-Callosum-ultrasonography; Dandy-Walker-Syndrome; Gestational-Age; Microcephaly-ultrasonography; Pregnancy-; Prospective-Studies; Septum-Pellucidum-ultrasonography; Spinal-Dysraphism-ultrasonography
MESH: *Echoencephalography-; *Fetal-Diseases-ultrasonography; *Hydrocephalus-ultrasonography; *Ultrasonography,-Prenatal
TG: Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97406453
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 59 of 280
TI: Cystic periventricular leukomalacia of the corpus callosum.
AU: Coley-BD; Hogan-MJ
AD: Children's Radiological Institute and Columbus Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
SO: Pediatr-Radiol. 1997 Jul; 27(7): 583-5
ISSN: 0301-0449
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a common finding during neurosonography of preterm infants. Secondary thinning of the corpus callosum is seen following PVL, typically from loss of hemispheric white matter tracts. We report a case of direct involvement of the corpus callosum with PVL, its pathogenesis, and its potential as a cause of corpus callosal thinning.
MESH: Cysts-ultrasonography; Infant,-Newborn
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-ultrasonography; *Leukomalacia,-Periventricular-ultrasonography
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97362076
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 60 of 280
TI: Rightward attentional bias and left hemisphere dominance in a cue-target light detection task in a callosotomy patient.
AU: Berlucchi-G; Aglioti-S; Tassinari-G
AD: Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, Universita di Verona, Italy. GIOBBE@BORGOROMA.UNIVR.IT
SO: Neuropsychologia. 1997 Jul; 35(7): 941-52
ISSN: 0028-3932
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Six normal subjects and a callosotomized man with a prefrontal lesion, mostly on the right side, were tested in a reaction time (RT) task involving a key-pressing response to an extrafoveal light target preceded by an extrafoveal light cue. Cues and targets were presented along the horizontal meridian at 4 degrees and 12 degrees on the right and left of fixation. Fixation was maintained throughout each trial. The cue signalled the occurrence of the target within a time window extending from 200 to 4000 misec from the cue, but did not predict target location. Normal controls responded faster to medial than to lateral targets in both fields, but showed no between-field difference, and their RT was not affected by cue location. Furthermore, they showed the so-called 'ipsilateral inhibition' or 'inhibition of return' effect, their RT being longer when cues and targets occurred in the same field than when they occurred in opposite fields. The RT of the callosotomized subject showed a left-right gradient for both cue location and target location, being longest for the leftmost location and shortest for the right locations. In addition, he showed a significant advantage for the right hand regardless of cue and target location, as well as a consistent ipsilateral inhibition in the left field, whereas in the right field there was ipsilateral inhibition only at the two longest stimulus onset asynchronies. These results suggest that, at least under these experimental conditions, there was a rightward orientational bias which reflected the taking over of the control of performance by the left hemisphere. This attentional bias was reminiscent of that seen in patients with hemi-inattention from right hemisphere damage, although the callosotomized patient showed no sign of such hemi-inattention in routine clinical tests. On the basis of several considerations the rightward bias could be attributed to the callosal interhemispheric disconnection rather than to the right prefrontal lesion.
MESH: Adult-; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Epilepsy,-Complex-Partial-physiopathology; Epilepsy,-Post-Traumatic-physiopathology; Neural-Inhibition-physiology; Photic-Stimulation; Reaction-Time-physiology; Reference-Values; Visual-Pathways-physiopathology; Visual-Pathways-surgery
MESH: *Attention-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; *Epilepsy,-Complex-Partial-surgery; *Epilepsy,-Post-Traumatic-surgery; *Orientation-physiology; *Psychomotor-Performance-physiology; *Visual-Fields-physiology; *Visual-Perception-physiology
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97370293
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 61 of 280
TI: Amnesia following infarction in the right retrosplenial region.
AU: Yasuda-Y; Watanabe-T; Tanaka-H; Tadashi-I; Akiguchi-I
AD: Department of Neurology, Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.
SO: Clin-Neurol-Neurosurg. 1997 May; 99(2): 102-5
ISSN: 0303-8467
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: We present a case of retrosplenial amnesia following an infarction in the right retrosplenial region. A 62-year-old male showed mild weakness of the left hand, dizziness and gait disturbance. He also noticed that he could not perceive objects that he saw as real, but could perceive an object as real only by touching it. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an infarction in the splenium of the corpus callosum and retrosplenial region on the right side. There was no aphasia or apraxia, but mild topographic disturbance was present. Intelligence was normal, but amnesia was noted. Both verbal and visual memory were disturbed equally. This case suggests that memory plays a role in the right retrosplenial region.
MESH: Amnesia-physiopathology; Brain-Mapping; Cerebral-Infarction-physiopathology; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; Memory,-Short-Term-physiology; Middle-Age; Neuropsychological-Tests; Pattern-Recognition,-Visual-physiology; Psychomotor-Performance-physiology; Recall-physiology; Verbal-Learning-physiology
MESH: *Amnesia-diagnosis; *Cerebral-Infarction-diagnosis; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97356617
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 62 of 280
TI: [Andermann syndrome: presentation of a case]
TO: Sindrome de Andermann. Presentacion de un caso.
AU: Gurtubay-IG; Yoldi-ME; Carrera-B; Morales-G; Berrade-S; Alvarez-MJ
AD: Servicio de Neurofisiologia Clinica, Hospital Virgen del Camino, Pamplona, Navarra, Espana.
SO: Rev-Neurol. 1997 Jul; 25(143): 1087-90
ISSN: 0210-0010
PY: 1997
LA: SPANISH; NON-ENGLISH
CP: SPAIN
AB: INTRODUCTION: Peripheral neuropathy with agenesis of the corpus callosum (or Andermann's syndrome) is a hereditary autosomal recessive disorder rarely found outside certain regions of Quebec Province (Canada). It is associated with mental retardation and various dysmorphic changes. Deterioration is usually progressive with loss of motor skills, development of scoliosis during adolescence, tendency to behaviour disorders and death during the third decade (approximately). CLINICAL CASE: We present a 13 year old girl diagnosed as having the spastic tetraparesic type of PCI, who was sent to us so that we could reconsider the diagnosis in view of the atypical course of the illness. The patient had an unusual phenotype with dysmorphic changes (mainly facial), axial hypotonia with flexion-retraction of the hands, generalized arreflexia, neurogenic bladder, skin changes with ulcers on the legs and mental retardation. Neurophysiological studies showed a predominantly motor polyneuropathy. There were signs of axonal neuropathy on both sural nerve and skeletal muscle biopsies. The clinical features, phenotype, microcephaly with agenesis of the corpus callosum and a posterior fossa cyst, associated with spinal atrophy indicated the diagnosis of Andermann's syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: This case is of interest in view of the exceptional rarity of Andermann's syndrome in our population.
MESH: Adolescence-; Age-of-Onset; Bladder,-Neurogenic; English-Abstract; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Muscle-Hypotonia; Paresis-; Psychomotor-Disorders; Syndrome-
MESH: *Brain-Diseases-pathology; *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97383848
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 63 of 280
TI: [Mental deficiency preceded by transitory hypertonic cerebral motor disorder]
TO: Deficiencia mental precedida de trastorno motor cerebral hipertonico transitorio.
AU: Artigas-J; Brun-C; Lorente-I
AD: Unitat de Neuropediatria, Area Pediatrica Nen Jesus, Consorci Hospitalari del Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Barcelona, Espana.
SO: Rev-Neurol. 1997 Jul; 25(143): 1013-5
ISSN: 0210-0010
PY: 1997
LA: SPANISH; NON-ENGLISH
CP: SPAIN
AB: OBJECTIVE: To analyse clinical and outcome features of patients with mental retardation and transient hypertonia in early life which lead to the diagnosis of hypertonic cerebral palsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We study six patients that presented with the above features in our neuropediatric out patients clinic. Clinical data related with the hypertonic signs and its evolution were collected. All the patients were assessed to find their present cognitive and development state. RESULTS: Clinical and radiological signs of a possible prenatal neurological damage were found in all the patients. Structural anomalies were presented in neuroimaging in five cases. Agenesia or hypoplasia of corpus callosum was the most common finding. The pattern of progression of this cases were: 1. Improvement of hypertonia with almost normal tone by the age of two years. 2. Despite of the resolution of motor signs, persistence of different degrees of mental retardation. CONCLUSIONS: Our reported patients presented a peculiar pattern of progression within the wide variability of the cerebral palsy group.
MESH: Basal-Ganglia-Diseases-complications; Cerebral-Palsy-diagnosis; Cerebral-Palsy-etiology; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; English-Abstract; Infant-; Physical-Therapy; Psychomotor-Disorders-therapy
MESH: *Cerebral-Palsy-complications; *Mental-Retardation-complications
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97383830
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 64 of 280
TI: GABAergic transcallosal neurons in developing rat neocortex.
AU: Kimura-F; Baughman-RW
AD: Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
SO: Eur-J-Neurosci. 1997 Jun; 9(6): 1137-43
ISSN: 0953-816X
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: In the mature cerebral cortex the interhemispheric connections across the corpus callosum appear to be essentially completely excitatory on the basis of both immunocytochemical and electrophysiological studies. During late embryonic development, however, immunocytochemical staining reveals numerous GABA-positive fibres in the callosum, which later largely disappear. The origin of these fibres and whether they represent functional GABAergic neurons has not been established. In the present study we used a combination of retrograde labelling in vivo with electrophysiology and immunocytochemistry in cell culture to show that transiently at birth in rat pups a substantial number of transcallosal cortical cells are functional GABAergic neurons. Possible roles and fates for these neurons are discussed.
MESH: Animals,-Newborn-physiology; Bicuculline-pharmacology; Cells,-Cultured; Cerebral-Cortex-cytology; Corpus-Callosum-cytology; Electrophysiology-; Excitatory-Amino-Acid-Antagonists-pharmacology; GABA-Antagonists-pharmacology; Immunohistochemistry-; Kynurenic-Acid-pharmacology; Membrane-Potentials-drug-effects; Neural-Pathways-cytology; Neural-Pathways-physiology; Patch-Clamp-Techniques; Rats-; Synapses-drug-effects; Synapses-physiology
MESH: *Cerebral-Cortex-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *GABA-physiology; *Neurons-physiology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: EY03507EYNEI
RN: 0; 0; 485-49-4; 492-27-3; 56-12-2
NM: Excitatory-Amino-Acid-Antagonists; GABA-Antagonists; Bicuculline; Kynurenic-Acid; GABA
AN: 97358600
UD: 9711
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 65 of 280
TI: Regional atrophy of the corpus callosum in subjects with Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia.
AU: Lyoo-IK; Satlin-A; Lee-CK; Renshaw-PF
AD: McLean Hospital Brain Imaging Center, Belmont, MA, USA. inkylyoo@plaza.snu.ac.kr
SO: Psychiatry-Res. 1997 May 16; 74(2): 63-72
ISSN: 0165-1781
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: Regional areas of the corpus callosum (CC) were evaluated in subjects with dementia. The area of the CC and seven distinct subdivisions were measured in subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 162), multi-infarct dementia (MID) (n = 28), and in a healthy comparison group (n = 36). There were significant differences in the regional areas of the CC for both the AD and MID patients relative to values for the comparison subjects. When mildly demented (MMSE > or = 21), subjects with AD had significantly smaller posterior midbody, isthmus, and splenium and subjects with MID had significantly smaller genu relative to comparison subjects. This study reports different patterns of regional CC area loss in subjects with AD and MID.
MESH: Aged-; Aged,-80-and-over; Atrophy-; Brain-Mapping; Diagnosis,-Differential; Neuropsychological-Tests
MESH: *Alzheimer's-Disease-diagnosis; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Dementia,-Multi-Infarct-diagnosis; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97348506
UD: 9710
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 66 of 280
TI: Interaction between the hemispheres in split-brain cats.
AU: Mascetti-GG
AD: Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy.
SO: Neuropsychologia. 1997 Jun; 35(6): 913-8
ISSN: 0028-3932
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Functional interactions between the two hemispheres were studied in adult split-brain cats. The aims were to assess whether monocular learning developed independently or that there were clues for interactions between the two sides of the brain during acquisition of opposite learning tasks. Experimental cats learned two visual pattern discriminations in which one pattern was positive for the right eye, whereas the other pattern was positive for the left eye. Control cats learned the same problems, but the same pattern was positive for both eyes. The open eye was changed from one session to the next in both groups of cats. In general, monocular performances of experimental cats were asymmetrical because they learned better and faster with one eye than with the other eye. Instead, no differences between the eyes were found in control cats. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that learning in experimental cats was significantly slower than learning in control cats, and that the difference between monocular performances was significantly greater for the experimental group than for the control group. The slower and asymmetrical monocular learning of experimental cats may reflect a conflict and a competition between the hemispheres for the control of learning behaviour, resulting in the dominance of one of them. Thus, some information about the stimuli must have been transmitted via the remaining interhemispheric connections. Symmetrical monocular learning of control group indicated that the competition for the control of behaviour was not present because there was no conflict between the hemispheres.
MESH: Analysis-of-Variance; Case-Control-Studies; Cats-; Choice-Behavior; Conditioning,-Operant-physiology; Conflict-Psychology; Intervention-Studies; Laterality-physiology; Pattern-Recognition,-Visual-physiology; Response-Interference-physiopathology; Transfer-Psychology-physiology; Vision,-Binocular-physiology
MESH: *Cerebral-Cortex-physiopathology; *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Cues-; *Discrimination-Learning-physiology; *Optic-Chiasm-surgery; *Vision,-Monocular-physiology; *Visual-Fields-physiology
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97348485
UD: 9710
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 67 of 280
TI: On crossed apraxia. Description of a right-handed apraxic patient with right supplementary motor area damage.
AU: Marchetti-C; Della-Sala-S
AD: Department of Neurology, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Clinica del Lavoro e della Riabilitazione, IRCCS, Veruno (NO), Italy.
SO: Cortex. 1997 Jun; 33(2): 341-54
ISSN: 0010-9452
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: GP, a right-handed woman, without evidence of familial left-handedness, showed clearcut bilateral ideo-motor apraxia and oro-facial apraxia after a vascular lesion of the right hemisphere, encroaching upon the fronto-mesial region. She scored normally in most other cognitive tests, including language, but showed signs of callosal disconnection, left anarchic hand and mild unilateral spatial neglect. This cognitive profile points to the possibility of praxis being localized to the right hemisphere in this right-handed patient. We argue in favour of individual variability of praxis dominance, and maintain that this dominance might be completely right-sided in some subjects. Moreover the anatomical locus of GP's lesion points to the possible role that the frontal lobes (and more specifically the Supplementary Motor Area) play in the genesis of apraxia.
MESH: Agnosia-diagnosis; Agnosia-physiopathology; Agnosia-psychology; Aneurysm,-Ruptured-diagnosis; Aneurysm,-Ruptured-psychology; Apraxia-diagnosis; Awareness-physiology; Brain-Damage,-Chronic-diagnosis; Brain-Damage,-Chronic-psychology; Brain-Mapping; Cerebral-Aneurysm-diagnosis; Cerebral-Aneurysm-psychology; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Frontal-Lobe-physiopathology; Laterality-physiology; Middle-Age; Neuropsychological-Tests; Subarachnoid-Hemorrhage-diagnosis; Subarachnoid-Hemorrhage-psychology
MESH: *Aneurysm,-Ruptured-physiopathology; *Apraxia-physiopathology; *Brain-Damage,-Chronic-physiopathology; *Cerebral-Aneurysm-physiopathology; *Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; *Motor-Cortex-physiopathology; *Subarachnoid-Hemorrhage-physiopathology
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97363972
UD: 9710
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 68 of 280
TI: Alien hand syndrome: influence of neglect on the clinical presentation of frontal and callosal variants.
AU: Chan-JL; Ross-ED
AD: Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
SO: Cortex. 1997 Jun; 33(2): 287-99
ISSN: 0010-9452
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: Three patients with mesial frontal and extensive callosal lesions due to anterior cerebral artery infarction manifested an alien hand syndrome (AHS) with varied features. Patient 1 with left hemispheric lesion showed right hand's impulsive reaching and grasping and left hand's antagonistic movements to the right (intermanual conflict; IMC). Patients 2 and 3 with right hemispheric lesion manifested a left hemihypokinesia which was thought to have suppressed the frequency and amplitude or even the occurrence of left hand's reaching and grasping. IMC and other left hand's non-antagonistic, irrelevant movements to the right remained. Because the term "IMC" is often misused and not strictly defined, its association with right hand's reaching and grasping is quite uncommon, its significance as a sign of callosal disconnection is not well validated, and because left hand's reaching and grasping tend to be suppressed by motor neglect, a trend may then develop for the right hand to be the sole focus of pathological behaviour in patients with the so-called frontal AHS (Feinberg, Schindler, Flanagan et al., 1992).
MESH: Aged-; Agnosia-diagnosis; Agnosia-psychology; Apraxia-diagnosis; Apraxia-physiopathology; Apraxia-psychology; Brain-Damage,-Chronic-diagnosis; Brain-Damage,-Chronic-physiopathology; Brain-Damage,-Chronic-psychology; Brain-Mapping; Cerebral-Infarction-physiopathology; Cerebral-Infarction-psychology; Hand-innervation; Middle-Age; Neuropsychological-Tests; Psychomotor-Performance-physiology
MESH: *Agnosia-physiopathology; *Attention-physiology; *Awareness-physiology; *Cerebral-Infarction-diagnosis; *Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; *Frontal-Lobe-physiopathology; *Laterality-physiology
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97363967
UD: 9710
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 69 of 280
TI: An MRI study of the corpus callosum in autism.
AU: Piven-J; Bailey-J; Ranson-BJ; Arndt-S
AD: Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
SO: Am-J-Psychiatry. 1997 Aug; 154(8): 1051-6
ISSN: 0002-953X
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the size of subregions of the corpus callosum in autistic individuals. METHOD: The areas of three subregions (anterior, body, and posterior) of the corpus callosum were examined on midsagittal magnetic resonance images of 35 autistic subjects whose mean age was 18 years and 36 healthy comparison subjects matched on age and IQ. RESULTS: After controlling for total brain volume, gender, and performance IQ, the authors detected a significantly smaller size of the body and posterior subregions of the corpus callosum in the autistic individuals. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of recent reports of increased brain size in autism, several possible mechanisms are considered in exploring the significance of a smaller relative size of the corpus callosum in autism.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Brain-anatomy-and-histology; Child-; Intelligence-Tests-statistics-and-numerical-data; Neural-Pathways-anatomy-and-histology; Sex-Factors
MESH: *Autism,-Infantile-diagnosis; *Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: MH51217MHNIMH; MH01028MHNIMH; MH40856MHNIMH
AN: 97390531
UD: 9710
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 70 of 280
TI: Child psychiatry comes of age: growing sophistication, evolving strategies [editorial; comment]
CM: Comment on: Am J Psychiatry 1997 Aug;154(8):1047-50. Comment on: Am J Psychiatry 1997 Aug;154(8):1057-62
AU: Rapoport-JL
SO: Am-J-Psychiatry. 1997 Aug; 154(8): 1043-5
ISSN: 0002-953X
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
MESH: Adolescence-; Antipsychotic-Agents-therapeutic-use; Autism,-Infantile-diagnosis; Brain-anatomy-and-histology; Brain-pathology; Child-; Child-Psychiatry-trends; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Tomography,-Emission-Computed; Tourette-Syndrome-drug-therapy
MESH: *Child-Psychiatry
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: COMMENT; EDITORIAL
RN: 0
NM: Antipsychotic-Agents
AN: 97390528
UD: 9710
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 71 of 280
TI: Dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and associated telencephalic anomalies: MRI.
AU: Utsunomiya-H; Ogasawara-T; Hayashi-T; Hashimoto-T; Okazaki-M
AD: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Fukuoka University Hospital, Japan.
SO: Neuroradiology. 1997 Apr; 39(4): 302-10
ISSN: 0028-3940
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: We analysed the MRI findings in 23 patients with callosal dysgenesis in relation to their associated telencephalic anomalies to investigate the morphological significance of the development of Probst's bundles and the anterior commissure in congenital callosal dysgenesis. We classified callosal dysgenesis into three types: total defect (9 patients), partial defect (7) and hypoplasia (7). Associated anomalies were observed in 15 patients, including migration disorder (8 patients), micrencephaly (5), and lipoma (2). The remaining 8 patients had no associated anomalies. Probst's bundles were not identified in 4 patients with a severe migration disorder. An absent or hypoplastic anterior commissure was observed in 9 of the 16 patients with callosal defect and all 7 of those with callosal hypoplasia. Colpocephaly and keyhole dilatation of the temporal horns were seen in 16 and 21 patients, respectively. Callosal dysgenesis may occur not only through a defect in the callosal anlage, but also from impaired growth of axonal fibres projecting from the cerebral isocortex. Therefore, associated telencephalic anomalies may be responsible for additional features in callosal dysgenesis. Consequently, identification of Probst's bundles and the anterior commissure may be important when assessing cortical development in patients with callosal dysgenesis.
MESH: Adult-; Aged-; Axons-pathology; Cerebral-Cortex-abnormalities; Cerebral-Cortex-pathology; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Infant-; Middle-Age; Telencephalon-pathology
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-diagnosis; *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; *Telencephalon-abnormalities
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97289897
UD: 9710
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 72 of 280
TI: A case of meningioma with exceptionally extensive oedema.
AU: Bradac-GB; Riva-A; Giordana-MT; Sales-S; Bergui-M
AD: Department of Neuroradiology, University of Turin, Ospedale Molinette, Italy.
SO: Neuroradiology. 1997 Apr; 39(4): 273-5
ISSN: 0028-3940
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: We report a meningioma with very extensive surrounding oedema. This finding, along with the age of the patient and other clinical features, made correct diagnosis difficult. The pathophysiology of oedema in general and its exceptional extent in this case are discussed.
MESH: Aged-; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Diagnosis,-Differential; Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; Dura-Mater-pathology; Neurologic-Examination; Parietal-Lobe-pathology
MESH: *Brain-Edema-diagnosis; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; *Meningeal-Neoplasms-diagnosis; *Meningioma-diagnosis; *Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97289890
UD: 9710
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 73 of 280
TI: Is there a superior occipitofrontal fasciculus? A microsurgical anatomic study.
AU: Ture-U; Yasargil-MG; Pait-TG
AD: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.
SO: Neurosurgery. 1997 Jun; 40(6): 1226-32
ISSN: 0148-396X
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: OBJECTIVE: Using a fiber-dissection technique, our aim was to expose and study the myelinated fiber bundles of the brain to achieve a clearer conception of their configurations and locations. During the course of our study, the superior occipitofrontal fasciculus became the focus of our interest. Many publications have defined this as a bundle of association fibers, located between the corpus callosum and the caudate nucleus, that connects the frontal and occipital lobes. By examining this area using fiber dissection, we realized that the descriptions of the anatomy are inadequate; thus, we focused on the elucidation of the anatomic structures of this region and, in particular, that known as the superior occipitofrontal fasciculus. METHODS: Twenty previously frozen, formalin-fixed human brains were dissected under the operating microscope using the fiber-dissection technique. RESULTS: On coronal sections of the brain, a structure on the superolateral aspect of the caudate nucleus usually has been identified as the superior occipitofrontal fasciculus. However, our fiber dissections revealed that this structure is the superior thalamic peduncle, that it is composed of projection fibers rather than association fibers, and that it does not interconnect the occipital and frontal lobes. CONCLUSION: The structures of the brain are better understood when the fiber-dissection technique is used to explore their configurations and locations. The resulting information is especially beneficial for planning strategies and tactics of neurosurgical procedures.
MESH: Brain-Mapping; Caudate-Nucleus-surgery; Corpus-Callosum-surgery; Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; Frontal-Lobe-surgery; Occipital-Lobe-surgery; Reference-Values
MESH: *Caudate-Nucleus-anatomy-and-histology; *Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; *Frontal-Lobe-anatomy-and-histology; *Microsurgery-; *Nerve-Fibers,-Myelinated-ultrastructure; *Occipital-Lobe-anatomy-and-histology
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97323448
UD: 9710
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 74 of 280
TI: Changes in glial K+ currents with decreased extracellular volume in developing rat white matter.
AU: Chvatal-A; Berger-T; Vorisek-I; Orkand-RK; Kettenmann-H; Sykova-E
AD: Department of Neuroscience, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
SO: J-Neurosci-Res. 1997 Jul 1; 49(1): 98-106
ISSN: 0360-4012
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Whole cell patch-clamp recordings of K+ currents from oligodendrocyte precursors in 10-day-old rats (P10) and, following myelination, in mature oligodendrocytes from 20-day-old rats (P20) were correlated with extracellular space (ECS) diffusion parameters measured by the local diffusion of iontophoretically injected tetramethylammonium ions (TMA+). The aim of this study was to find an explanation for the changes in glial currents that occur with myelination. Oligodendrocyte precursors (P10) in slices from corpus callosum were characterized by the presence of A-type K+ currents, delayed and inward rectifier currents, and lack of tail currents after the offset of a voltage jump. Mature oligodendrocytes in corpus callosum slices from P20 rats were characterized by passive, decaying currents and large tail currents after the offset of a voltage jump. Measurements of the reversal potential for the tail currents indicate that they result from increases in [K+]e by an average of 32 mM during a 20 msec 100 mV voltage step. Concomitant with the change in oligodendrocyte electrophysiological behavior after myelination there is a decrease in the ECS of the corpus callosum. ECS volume decreases from 36% (P9-10) to 25% (P20-21) of total tissue volume. ECS tortuosity lambda = (D/ADC)0.5, where D is the free diffusion coefficient and ADC is the apparent diffusion coefficient of TMA+ in the brain, increases as measured perpendicular to the axons from 1.53 +/- 0.02 (n = 6, mean +/- SEM) to 1.70 +/- 0.02 (n = 6). TMA+ non-specific uptake (k') was significantly larger at P20 (5.2 +/- 0.6 x 10(-3) s(-1), n = 6) than at P10 (3.5 +/- 0.4 x 10(-3) s(-1), n = 6). It can be concluded that membrane potential changes in mature oligodendrocytes are accompanied by rapid changes in the K+ gradient resulting from K+ fluxes across the glial membrane. As a result of the reduced extracellular volume and increased tortuosity, the membrane fluxes produce larger changes in [K+]e in the more mature myelinated corpus callosum than before myelination. These conclusions also account for differences between membrane currents in cells in slices compared to those in tissue culture where the ECS is essentially infinite. The size and geometry of the ECS influence the membrane current patterns of glial cells and may have consequences for the role of glial cells in spatial buffering.
MESH: Corpus-Callosum-cytology; Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; Diffusion-; Membrane-Potentials; Mice-; Myelin-Sheath-physiology; Patch-Clamp-Techniques; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; Species-Specificity
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-metabolism; *Extracellular-Space; *Ion-Channel-Gating; *Oligodendroglia-metabolism; *Potassium-metabolism; *Potassium-Channels-physiology
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S.; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: POINS07464NSNINDS; RR03051RRNCRR; GM48190GMNIGMS
RN: 0; 7440-09-7
NM: Potassium-Channels; Potassium
AN: 97355513
UD: 9710
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 75 of 280
TI: Expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein transcripts in murine oligodendrocytes.
AU: Kirchhoff-F; Ohlemeyer-C; Kettenmann-H
AD: Max-Delbruck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
SO: Neuroscience. 1997 May; 78(2): 561-70
ISSN: 0306-4522
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The recognition molecule myelin-associated glycoprotein is expressed by oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. The myelin-associated glycoprotein gene gives rise to two alternatively spliced transcript variants ("early" and "late" message) which are developmentally regulated. In this study, using mice, we investigated whether both transcripts can be expressed in an individual oligodendrocyte or whether different oligodendrocyte populations exist expressing either one or the other myelin-associated glycoprotein messenger RNA. For this purpose the cytoplasmic RNA content of single oligodendrocytes derived either from cultures of embryonic mouse brain or from the corpus callosum murine slice preparation was harvested during patch-clamping in the whole-cell recording mode by applying negative pressure to the patch pipette. After reverse transcription, cDNA fragments were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and restriction enzyme maps. Expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein transcripts could first be detected in those oligodendrocytes which already had acquired a more mature developmental stage. This stage could electrophysiologically be characterized by the dominance of passive K+ currents. In addition to oligodendrocytes expressing only the late or the early transcript, many cells were found expressing simultaneously both transcripts with varying levels. The myelin-associated glycoprotein transcript expression is therefore found to be developmentally regulated at a stage when oligodendrocytes have already acquired the channel properties of the adult.
MESH: Amino-Acid-Sequence; Cells,-Cultured; Corpus-Callosum-metabolism; Electric-Stimulation; Membrane-Potentials-physiology; Mice-; Microelectrodes-; Molecular-Sequence-Data; Myelin-Associated-Glycoprotein-genetics; Patch-Clamp-Techniques; Polymerase-Chain-Reaction; Potassium-Channels-metabolism; Transcription,-Genetic
MESH: *Myelin-Associated-Glycoprotein-biosynthesis; *Oligodendroglia-metabolism
TG: Animal; In-Vitro; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0
NM: Myelin-Associated-Glycoprotein; Potassium-Channels
AN: 97291196
UD: 9710
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 76 of 280
TI: Expression of adhesion molecules on human foetal cerebral vessels: relationship to colonisation by microglial precursors.
AU: Rezaie-P; Male-D
AD: Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry, London.
SO: Biochem-Soc-Trans. 1997 May; 25(2): 170S
ISSN: 0300-5127
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
MESH: Antigens,-CD-biosynthesis; Antigens,-CD31-biosynthesis; Cell-Adhesion-Molecules-analysis; Cerebrovascular-Circulation; Fetus-; Gestational-Age; Intercellular-Adhesion-Molecule-1-biosynthesis; Macrophages-cytology; Macrophages-physiology; Microglia-physiology; P-Selectin-analysis; P-Selectin-biosynthesis; Vascular-Cell-Adhesion-Molecule-1-biosynthesis
MESH: *Cell-Adhesion-Molecules-biosynthesis; *Cerebral-Cortex-blood-supply; *Cerebral-Cortex-embryology; *Corpus-Callosum-blood-supply; *Corpus-Callosum-embryology; *Microglia-cytology
TG: Human; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 126547-89-5
NM: intercellular-adhesion-molecule-2; Antigens,-CD; Antigens,-CD31; Cell-Adhesion-Molecules; P-Selectin; Vascular-Cell-Adhesion-Molecule-1; Intercellular-Adhesion-Molecule-1
AN: 97334547
UD: 9710
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 77 of 280
TI: Orienting of visual attention in Alzheimer's disease: its implication in favor of the interhemispheric balance.
AU: Caffarra-P; Riggio-L; Malvezzi-L; Scaglioni-A; Freedman-M
AD: Institute of Neurology, University of Parma, Italy.
SO: Neuropsychiatry-Neuropsychol-Behav-Neurol. 1997 Apr; 10(2): 90-5
ISSN: 0894-878X
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Visual attention in dementia of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been investigated as extensively as memory or language. The aim of this research was to study the orienting of attention in patients with AD (which temporo-parietal areas are primarily affected) compared with patients with Parkinson-Dementia, Parkinson's disease, and normal controls, using the Posner paradigm. Subjects were instructed to respond by pressing a response key after the appearance of a target at the same location (valid trial) or at the opposite location (invalid trial) indicated by a central cue (arrow). According to the experimental procedure developed by Posner, it has been hypothesized that parietal lobes are involved in "disengagement operation" (when attention has to move from one location to another in the controlateral field). Results showed no differences between AD and the other groups and between left and right hemifield. In conclusion, the authors did not find any sign of difficulty with disengagement, and results are discussed in terms of Kinsbourne's interpretation of a balance between hemispheres.
MESH: Aged-; Aged,-80-and-over; Alzheimer's-Disease-diagnosis; Alzheimer's-Disease-psychology; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Dementia,-Senile-diagnosis; Dementia,-Senile-physiopathology; Dementia,-Senile-psychology; Diagnosis,-Differential; Middle-Age; Neuropsychological-Tests; Parietal-Lobe-physiopathology; Parkinson-Disease-diagnosis; Parkinson-Disease-physiopathology; Parkinson-Disease-psychology; Pattern-Recognition,-Visual-physiology; Reaction-Time-physiology; Temporal-Lobe-physiopathology
MESH: *Alzheimer's-Disease-physiopathology; *Arousal-physiology; *Attention-physiology; *Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; *Orientation-physiology; *Visual-Perception-physiology
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97294835
UD: 9710
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 78 of 280
TI: REM sleep dream mentation in right hemispherectomized patients.
AU: McCormick-L; Nielsen-T; Ptito-M; Hassainia-F; Ptito-A; Villemure-JG; Vera-C; Montplaisir-J
AD: Laboratoire du sommeil, Hopital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
SO: Neuropsychologia. 1997 May; 35(5): 695-701
ISSN: 0028-3932
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Investigations of dream mentation in brain damaged patients have shed some light on the controversial issue of cerebral lateralization of dreaming. To examine further the relationships between brain function and dreaming, we studied REM sleep dream recall and content in four patients having undergone right functional or anatomical hemispherectomy and eight matched control subjects. Patients were found to have the capacity to report dreams to much the same extent as control subjects. Further, the patients' dream content was overall similar to that of the control subjects. The results provide strong evidence that dreaming is not a right-hemisphere function, and that the left hemisphere may be more critical for the generation of dreams. In addition, some characteristics of hemispherectomized patients' dream content (characters, smells) are consistent with the possibility that a history of epilepsy may influence REM sleep imagery over the long term.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Attention-physiology; Brain-Mapping; Cerebral-Cortex-physiopathology; Epilepsy-physiopathology; Recall-physiology
MESH: *Cerebral-Cortex-surgery; *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; *Dreams-physiology; *Epilepsy-surgery; *Postoperative-Complications-physiopathology; *Sleep,-REM-physiology
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97297563
UD: 9710
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 79 of 280
TI: Bilateral field interactions, hemispheric specialization and evoked potential interhemispheric transmission time.
AU: Larson-EB; Brown-WS
AD: Travis Institute for Biopsychosocial Research, Fuller Graduate School of Psychology, Pasadena, USA. ela119@nwu.edu
SO: Neuropsychologia. 1997 May; 35(5): 573-81
ISSN: 0028-3932
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: The interrelationship between bilateral visual field processing, hemispheric specialization and interhemispheric transmission time (IHTT) was examined in two experiments in order to test two theories regarding callosal function and lateralized visual processing. Contrary to both theoretical speculations [Braun, Neuropsychology Review, Vol. 3, pp. 321-365, 1992] and a recent report [Nowicka et al., Neuropsychologia, Vol. 34, pp. 147-151, 1996], the directional asymmetry in evoked potential measures of IHTT did not vary with task differences in indices of hemispheric specialization. IHTT was faster from right to left hemispheres regardless of visual field advantage for the task. Similarly, patterns of correlation between IHTT and bilateral field advantage did not change between verbal and spatial matching tasks, despite differences in visual field advantage. Since the latter data did not consistently support the Brown and Jeeves [Neuropsychologia, Vol. 31. pp. 1267-1281, 1993] hypothesis, an alternative hypothesis involving hemispheric asymmetries in attention rather than processing specialization was proposed.
MESH: Adult-; Corpus-Callosum-physiology; Discrimination-Learning-physiology; Pattern-Recognition,-Visual-physiology; Reference-Values; Visual-Pathways-physiology
MESH: *Attention-physiology; *Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; *Reaction-Time-physiology; *Synaptic-Transmission-physiology; *Visual-Fields-physiology; *Visual-Perception-physiology
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97297550
UD: 9710
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 80 of 280
TI: Acrocallosal syndrome: a case report.
AU: Bonatz-E; Descartes-M; Tamarapalli-JR
AD: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
SO: J-Hand-Surg-Am. 1997 May; 22(3): 492-4
ISSN: 0363-5023
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: This report describes the case of an 18-month-old Caucasian male infant with clinical and radiological findings indicative of the Schinzel acrocallosal syndrome. He was born to non-consangiuneous parents. His father had been diagnosed with Greig syndrome. The patient underwent surgery for preaxial polysyndactyly of both hands and feet. The similarity to the Greig syndrome is discussed. It is possible that both the acrocallosal syndrome and the Greig syndrome are variant expressions of the same autosomal dominant condition. Surgery may improve thumb opposition and shoe wear.
MESH: Infant-; Polydactyly-surgery; Syndactyly-surgery; Syndrome-
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-radiography; *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Fingers-abnormalities; *Hypertelorism-radiography; *Polydactyly-radiography; *Syndactyly-radiography; *Toes-abnormalities
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97338900
UD: 9710
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 10/97-1/98 81 of 280
TI: Apoptosis in the subependyma of young adult rats after single and fractionated doses of X-rays.
AU: Shinohara-C; Gobbel-GT; Lamborn-KR; Tada-E; Fike-JR
AD: Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0520, USA.
SO: Cancer-Res. 1997 Jul 1; 57(13): 2694-702
ISSN: 0008-5472
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Ionizing radiation is commonly used in the treatment of brain tumors but can cause significant damage to surrounding normal brain. The pathogenesis of this damage is uncertain, and understanding the response of potential target cell populations may provide information useful for developing strategies to optimize therapeutic irradiation. In the mammalian forebrain, the subependyma is a mitotically active area that is a source of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, and it has been hypothesized that depletion of cells from this region could play a role in radiation-induced white matter injury. Using a distinct morphological pattern of nuclear fragmentation and an immunohistochemical method to specifically label the 3'-hydroxyl termini of DNA strand breaks (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling), we quantified apoptosis in the subependyma in the young adult rat brain after single and fractionated doses of X-rays. Significant increases in apoptotic index (percentage of cells showing apoptosis) were detected 3 h after irradiation, and the peak apoptotic index was detected at 6 h. Six h after irradiation, the dose response for apoptosis was characterized by a steep increase in apoptotic index between 0.5 and 2.0 Gy and a plateau from 2-30 Gy. The fraction of cells susceptible to apoptosis was estimated to be about 40%, and treatment of rats with cycloheximide inhibited apoptosis. When daily 1.5-Gy fractions of X-rays were administered, the first three fractions were equally effective at decreasing the cell population via apoptosis. There was no additional apoptosis or decrease in cellularity in spite of one to four additional doses of X-rays. Those data suggested some input of cells into the subependymal population during fractionated treatment, and subsequent studies showed that there was a significant rise in 5-bromo-2' deoxyuridine labeling index 2-3 days after irradiation, indicating increased cellular proliferation. The proliferative response after depletion of cells via apoptosis may represent the recruitment of a relatively quiescent stem cell population. It is possible that the radiation response of subependymal stem cells and not the apoptotic-sensitive population per se are critical elements in the response of the brain to radiation injury.
MESH: Biological-Markers-analysis; Cell-Division-radiation-effects; Corpus-Callosum-chemistry; Corpus-Callosum-radiation-effects; Dose-Response-Relationship,-Radiation; Ependyma-chemistry; Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein-analysis; Immunohistochemistry-; Intermediate-Filament-Proteins-analysis; Lectins-analysis; Nucleotidases-analysis; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-F344; Time-Factors
MESH: *Apoptosis-; *Ependyma-radiation-effects
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: CA13525CANCI
RN: EC 3.1.3.-; EC 3.1.3.6; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0
NM: Nucleotidases; 3'-nucleotidase; nestin-protein; ricinus-agglutinin; Biological-Markers; Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein; Intermediate-Filament-Proteins; Lectins
AN: 97349075
UD: 9710
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 82 of 280
TI: Axosomatic input to subpopulations of cortically projecting pyramidal neurons in primate prefrontal cortex.
AU: Melchitzky-DS; Sesack-SR; Lewis-DA
AD: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
SO: Synapse. 1997 Apr; 25(4): 326-34
ISSN: 0887-4476
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Pyramidal cells, the major class of cortical excitatory neurons, can be divided into different subpopulations based upon the target region of their principal axon projection. The activity of pyramidal neurons is regulated in part through inhibitory synaptic inputs to the soma from local circuit neurons. However, little is known about how the density of these axosomatic inputs differs among subpopulations of pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex of primates. In this study, retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was used to identify pyramidal neurons in monkey prefrontal cortex (areas 9 and 46), which were labeled via either associational (ipsilateral hemisphere) or callosal (contralateral hemisphere) principal axon projections. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the relative number of terminals apposed to the somatic membrane did not differ between associational and callosal neurons. However, neurons in the supragranular layers were apposed by a significantly greater number of axon terminals than were neurons in the infragranular layers. These findings suggest that the laminar environment of a neuron may play a more important role than principal axon projection in determining the amount of axosomatic inhibitory input it receives.
MESH: Analysis-of-Variance; Axonal-Transport; Axons-ultrastructure; Corpus-Callosum-physiology; Laterality-; Macaca-fascicularis; Microscopy,-Electron; Neurons-physiology; Neurons-ultrastructure; Prefrontal-Cortex-cytology; Pyramidal-Cells-cytology; Pyramidal-Cells-ultrastructure; Wheat-Germ-Agglutinin-Horseradish-Peroxidase-Conjugate
MESH: *Axons-physiology; *Prefrontal-Cortex-physiology; *Pyramidal-Cells-physiology; *Synapses-physiology; *Synapses-ultrastructure
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: MH45156MHNIMH; MH00519MHNIMH
RN: 0
NM: Wheat-Germ-Agglutinin-Horseradish-Peroxidase-Conjugate
AN: 97251718
UD: 9709
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 83 of 280
TI: The transcallosal interforniceal approach to the third ventricle: anatomic and microsurgical aspects.
AU: Winkler-PA; Weis-S; Buttner-A; Raabe-A; Amiridze-N; Reulen-HJ
AD: Department of Neurosurgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
SO: Neurosurgery. 1997 May; 40(5): 973-81; discussion 981-2
ISSN: 0148-396X
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: OBJECTIVE: The ability to visualize median-sagittal brain structures by magnetic resonance imaging improves planning for surgery to treat lesions of the third ventricle. The most appropriate path to the third ventricle is the transcallosal approach. The present study was undertaken to describe the surgical anatomy and landmarks encountered during this approach. METHODS: The transcallosal-interforniceal approach was undertaken in 30 formalin-fixed brains using an operating microscope. The surface landmarks for the approach pathway were the two points, P5 and P7, located 5 and 7 cm anterior to the central sulcus, respectively. Using these two points on the cortical surface as references, a variety of measurements were made to provide quantitative information about distances between brain structures that are encountered during the surgical approach. Measurements that were made include the following: 1) the distance between P5 and the cingulate sulcus, 2) the distance between the cingulate sulcus and the corpus callosum, 3) the height of the corpus callosum, 4) the distance between the anterior commissure and the foramen of Monro, and 5) the distance between the lower margin of the corpus callosum and the fornix. RESULTS: Mean values for these key measurements were as follows: 1) 23.96 mm (range, 15.0-32.0 mm); 2) 13.50 mm (range, 8.0-20.0 mm) with reference to P5 and 12.73 mm (range, 16.0-18.0 mm) with reference to P7; 3) 6.12 mm (range, 4.0-8.0 mm) with reference to P5 and 6.60 mm (range, 4.0-9.0 mm) with reference to P7; 4) 4.96 mm (range, 2.5-10.0 mm), independent of P5 and P7; and 5) 8.46 mm (range, 3.0-16.0 mm) with reference to P5 and 11.04 mm (range, 6.0-22.0 mm) with reference to P7. CONCLUSION: The detailed quantitative information obtained in this study about the interforniceal approach permitted definition of surgical approach pathways that preserve important anatomic structures, such as the motor strip, genu of the corpus callosum, fornical commissure (hippocampal commissure), anterior commissure, and fornical columns. The approach through this surgical corridor can easily be planned and performed in individual cases using median-sagittal magnetic resonance imaging scans.
MESH: Adult-; Brain-Mapping; Cerebral-Ventricle-Neoplasms-pathology; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Hippocampus-pathology; Reference-Values; Septum-Pellucidum-pathology; Septum-Pellucidum-surgery; Stereotaxic-Techniques
MESH: *Cerebral-Ventricle-Neoplasms-surgery; *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Hippocampus-surgery; *Microsurgery-methods; *Ventriculostomy-methods
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97293283
UD: 9709
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 84 of 280
TI: Histological surprise: callosal tuberculoma presenting as malignant glioma.
AU: Fath-Ordoubadi-F; Lane-RJ; Richards-PG
AD: West London Neurosciences Centre, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.
SO: J-Neurol-Neurosurg-Psychiatry. 1997 Jul; 63(1): 98-9
ISSN: 0022-3050
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: A tumour which on CT is clearly intrinsic, irregular, exhibits patchy enhancement with contrast, and invades periventricular tissues, especially the corpus callosum, is very likely to be a glioma and may not be biopsied. A case is presented with these radiological features in which the tumour proved to be a tuberculoma, with complete clinical and radiological resolution after antituberculous chemotherapy.
MESH: Antitubercular-Agents-therapeutic-use; Biopsy-; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Diagnosis,-Differential; Middle-Age; Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed; Tuberculoma,-Intracranial-drug-therapy; Tuberculoma,-Intracranial-pathology
MESH: *Brain-Neoplasms-radiography; *Corpus-Callosum-radiography; *Glioma-radiography; *Tuberculoma,-Intracranial-radiography
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0
NM: Antitubercular-Agents
AN: 97365026
UD: 9709
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 85 of 280
TI: Nitric oxide-mediated cGMP synthesis in oligodendrocytes in the developing rat brain.
AU: Tanaka-J; Markerink-van-Ittersum-M; Steinbusch-HW; De-Vente-J
AD: European Graduate School for Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
SO: Glia. 1997 Apr; 19(4): 286-97
ISSN: 0894-1491
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: We investigated the nature of cGMP-synthesizing cells in the developing rat forebrain using cGMP-immunocytochemistry in combination with in vitro incubation of brain slices. When brain slices of immature rats, aged between 1 and 4 weeks, were incubated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor compound, in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), small round cells with a few processes in and around the corpus callosum were visualized with the cGMP-antibody. The morphology and the distribution of the cGMP-positive cells were consistent with the criteria for oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, the cGMP-positive cells expressed 2'3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) and gelsolin, which are marker proteins for oligodendrocytes. Therefore, we concluded that the cGMP-positive cells were oligodendrocytes. A subpopulation of the oligodendrocyte was found to be cGMP-immunoreactive also when slices were incubated in the absence of SNP. Furthermore, incubation of the slice in the presence of L-NAME, an inhibitor of NO synthase, but in the absence of SNP abolished cGMP immunostaining. In addition, some populations of neurons and astrocytes in restricted brain areas produced cGMP in response to the incubation with SNP as previously reported, whereas both ameboid and ramified microglial cells did not respond to the treatment. Atrial natriuretic peptide, a stimulator of particulate guanylyl cyclase, enhanced cGMP synthesis in astrocytes in some brain regions but not in oligodendrocytes. These findings indicate that oligodendrocytes in the immature rat brain express soluble guanylyl cyclase. No cGMP-positive oligodendrocytes were found in the mature rat brain, suggesting that cGMP may mediate signals related to myelinogenesis in the rat brain.
MESH: Atrial-Natriuretic-Factor-pharmacology; Caudate-Nucleus-growth-and-development; Caudate-Nucleus-metabolism; Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; Corpus-Callosum-metabolism; Fluorescent-Antibody-Technique,-Indirect; Gelsolin-biosynthesis; Oligodendroglia-drug-effects; Parietal-Lobe-growth-and-development; Parietal-Lobe-metabolism; Prosencephalon-growth-and-development; Putamen-growth-and-development; Putamen-metabolism; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-Lew; 2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide-Phosphodiesterases-biosynthesis
MESH: *Aging-metabolism; *Cyclic-GMP-metabolism; *Nitric-Oxide-physiology; *Nitroprusside-pharmacology; *Oligodendroglia-metabolism; *Prosencephalon-metabolism; *1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine-pharmacology
TG: Animal; In-Vitro; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: EC 3.1.4.-; 0; 10102-43-9; 15078-28-1; 28822-58-4; 7665-99-8; 85637-73-6
NM: 2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide-Phosphodiesterases; Gelsolin; Nitric-Oxide; Nitroprusside; 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Cyclic-GMP; Atrial-Natriuretic-Factor
AN: 97251391
UD: 9709
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 86 of 280
TI: Vascular variations associated with anterior communicating artery aneurysms-an intraoperative study.
AU: Aydin-IH; Takci-E; Kadioglu-HH; Tuzun-Y; Kayaoglu-CR; Barlas-E
AD: Neurosurgical Department, Ataturk University Medical School, University Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkiye.
SO: Minim-Invasive-Neurosurg. 1997 Mar; 40(1): 17-21
ISSN: 0946-7211
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: This microsurgical study attempts to analyze the intraoperative anatomic vascular variations associated with the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms in 120 patients who were operated on at the Neurosurgical Department of Ataturk University Medical School, Erzurum, Turkiye. All patients underwent radical surgery for aneurysm by the right pterional approach. The findings were recorded during surgical intervention and through the slides and videotapes of the operations. A total of 72 (60%) of our patients had vascular variations in the vicinity of the ACoA. Marked hypoplasia of the A1 segment of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) at the right or left side (26.6%, n = 32), median artery of the corpus callosum (MACC) (14%, n = 17), duplication of the ACoA (8.3%, n = 10), duplication of the A1 segment of ACA (7.5%, n = 9) and azygous pericallosal artery (3.3%, n = 4) were the variations that were observed during operations. A retrospective study of the cerebral angiograms of the cases indicated that preoperative diagnosis of the A1 or ACoA duplication was not possible, 14 (82.4%) of the 17 MACC's were easily identified, while three (17.6%) could not be diagnosed. From this intraoperative study, we concluded that, regardless of whether a vascular variation has been identified preoperatively, ACoA aneurysm surgery should be undertaken with the possibility of an MACC in mind. The recognition of the anatomic variations of the ACoA and the detailed knowledge of the microvascular relationships of the aneurysms will allow the neurosurgeons to construct a better and safer microdissection plan to save time on the one hand and to prevent postoperative neurological deficits on the other.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Aged-; Cerebral-Aneurysm-pathology; Child-; Circle-of-Willis-radiography; Corpus-Callosum-blood-supply; Intraoperative-Complications-prevention-and-control; Middle-Age; Retrospective-Studies; Surgery,-Minimally-Invasive-methods
MESH: *Cerebral-Aneurysm-surgery; *Cerebral-Angiography-standards; *Circle-of-Willis-abnormalities; *Microsurgery-methods
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97284227
UD: 9709
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 87 of 280
TI: Age and interhemispheric transfer time: a failure to replicate.
AU: Ratinckx-E; Brysbaert-M; d'Ydewalle-G
AD: University of Leuven, Belgium.
SO: Behav-Brain-Res. 1997 Jul; 86(2): 161-4
ISSN: 0166-4328
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: In a recent study with the Poffenberger paradigm, Brizzolara et al. reported longer estimates of interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT) for children aged 7 years than for adults. They interpreted this finding as evidence for incomplete functional maturity of the corpus callosum in young children. The present study was we were unable to replicate the age effect reported by Brizzolara et al. A closer look at the original study revealed that only 80 observations per child had been collected, which makes it probable that the larger IHTTs in 7-year-olds were caused by stimulus-response compatibility rather than by the lower efficiency of the corpus callosum during childhood years.
MESH: Adult-; Cerebral-Cortex-physiology; Child-; Corpus-Callosum-physiology; Photic-Stimulation; Reference-Values
MESH: *Child-Development-physiology; *Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; *Reaction-Time-physiology; *Synaptic-Transmission-physiology
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97279744
UD: 9709
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 88 of 280
TI: Patient with an Xp21 contiguous gene deletion syndrome in association with agenesis of the corpus callosum.
AU: Baranzini-SE; del-Rey-G; Nigro-N; Szijan-I; Chamoles-N; Cresto-JC
AD: Programa de Neurobiologia Molecular, Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
SO: Am-J-Med-Genet. 1997 Jun 13; 70(3): 216-21
ISSN: 0148-7299
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The so-called Xp21 contiguous deletion syndrome or complex glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) usually presents with classical Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or a milder dystrophic myopathy, adrenal hypoplasia, and GKD. A number of syndromic and nonsyndromic cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) also map to that location. To date, none of the cases of complex GKD have been associated with ACC. Here, we report on a patient with a complex phenotype as a result of the Xp21 contiguous deletion syndrome in association with ACC. Biochemical, cytogenetic, and molecular analyses were performed to detect and establish the size of the genomic deletion. It is at least 3 million base pairs in length; however, exact limits could not be determined in the present study. Nevertheless, we suggest the presence of a primary gene involved in the embryogenesis of the corpus callosum between Xp21.1 and Xp22.11.
MESH: Child-; Infant,-Newborn; Syndrome-
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Gene-Deletion; *Glycerol-Kinase-genetics; *X-Chromosome
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: EC 2.7.1.30
NM: Glycerol-Kinase
AN: 97332422
UD: 9709
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 89 of 280
TI: Corpus callosum involvement as a prognostic factor for patients with high-grade astrocytoma.
AU: Steltzer-KJ; Sauve-KI; Spence-AM; Griffin-TW; Berger-MS
AD: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle 98195, USA.
SO: Int-J-Radiat-Oncol-Biol-Phys. 1997 Apr 1; 38(1): 27-30
ISSN: 0360-3016
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: PURPOSE: To evaluate corpus callosum involvement as a prognostic factor for patients with high-grade astrocytoma. METHODS: From 1986 through 1994, 141 adult patients with Karnofsky performance status (KPS) > or = 40 underwent primary treatment for anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) at the University of Washington Medical Center. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography to assess corpus callosum involvement was available for 105 of these patients. Corpus callosum involvement was evaluated as a prognostic factor for survival using recursive partitioning analysis and multivariate analysis with a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: For the 105 patients evaluable for corpus callosum involvement, the median and 2-year survival were 59 weeks and 28%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, the only independent prognostic factors were KPS (p = 0.0001) and histology (p = 0.042). On recursive partitioning analysis, the first significant split occurred at KPS < 70 vs. KPS > or = 70. Patients with KPS > or = 70 were split by age (< 50 years vs. > or = 50 years), with those younger than 50 years further split by absence or presence of corpus callosum involvement. Among patients with KPS > or = 70 and age < 50 years, median survival was 57 weeks if the corpus callosum was involved (35% 2-year survival) and 105 weeks if the corpus callosum was not involved (56% 2-year survival). CONCLUSION: Corpus callosum involvement based on preoperative imaging is an unfavorable prognostic factor for survival among the subgroup of young, good-performance-status patients with high-grade astrocytoma.
MESH: Karnofsky-Performance-Status; Middle-Age; Prognosis-; Proportional-Hazards-Models
MESH: *Brain-Neoplasms-pathology; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Glioblastoma-pathology
TG: Human; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: T32NS07289NSNINDS; 5UO1CA36242802CANCI
AN: 97355519
UD: 9709
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 90 of 280
TI: Effects of thymosin alpha1 on the development of amoeboid microglial cells in the corpus callosum of neonatal BALB/c and athymic mice.
AU: Htain-WW; Leong-SK; Yuen-R; Ling-EA
AD: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
SO: Brain-Res. 1997 Apr 25; 755(1): 63-73
ISSN: 0006-8993
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: The present study investigated the effects of intraperitoneal injections of thymosin alpha1 on the supraventricular amoeboid microglial cells (SAMC) in the newborn athymic and normal BALB/c mice. The microglial cells labelled by the lectin GSA I-B4 and the antibody Mac-1 showed a 27% reduction in number in the athymic mice receiving thymosin alpha1 injections compared with those receiving vehicle injections, and a 37% reduction in BALB/c mice receiving thymosin alpha1 injections compared with those receiving vehicle injections. Some of the SAMC in both BALB/c and athymic mice receiving thymosin alpha1 injections became ramified, while the remainder still exhibited their normal amoeboid appearance with few filopodial processes. Ultrastructurally, the lectin reaction product was confined to the plasma membrane and some cytoplasmic vacuoles of labelled SAMC. In both BALB/c and athymic mice, some labelled microglial cells became slender or elongated after thymosin alpha1 injections. Also their cytoplasm was reduced and contained fewer organelles. Radioimmunoassay of the plasma of thymosin alpha1 and vehicle-injected mice showed that there was a significant increase in the cortisol level in BALB/c (P < 0.01) and athymic (P < 0.001) mice 5 days after thymosin alpha1 injections, compared with that of the control mice. The results point to a strong correlation between the reduction of SAMC and the increased level of plasma cortisol. Supporting this is the fact that cortisol is known to suppress the production of monocytes considered to be the precursors of amoeboid microglia.
MESH: Animals,-Newborn; Antibodies,-Monoclonal; Corpus-Callosum-cytology; Drug-Screening; Injections,-Intraperitoneal; Lectins-; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-BALB-C; Mice,-Nude; Species-Specificity; Thymosin-pharmacology
MESH: *Adjuvants,-Immunologic-pharmacology; *Corpus-Callosum-drug-effects; *Hydrocortisone-blood; *Microglia-drug-effects; *Thymosin-analogs-and-derivatives
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 50-23-7; 61512-21-8; 69521-94-4
NM: Adjuvants,-Immunologic; Antibodies,-Monoclonal; Lectins; Hydrocortisone; Thymosin; thymosin-alpha(1)
AN: 97306073
UD: 9709
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 91 of 280
TI: Imaging findings in patients with clinical anophthalmos.
AU: Albernaz-VS; Castillo-M; Hudgins-PA; Mukherji-SK
AD: Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
SO: AJNR-Am-J-Neuroradiol. 1997 Mar; 18(3): 555-61
ISSN: 0195-6108
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: PURPOSE: To review the intracranial and facial imaging features in children with congenital anophthalmos. METHODS: We retrospectively studied eight children with anophthalmos with respect to intraorbital, intracranial, and craniofacial anomalies (six had CT examinations, including the face, orbits, and brain, and four had MR imaging, including the orbits and brain). RESULTS: Three patients had primary bilateral anophthalmos on CT (n = 1) and MR (n = 3) studies. In these patients, MR images showed hypoplasia of the optic chiasm and posterior visual pathways (n = 3), agenesis (n = 1) or dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (n = 2), and a mass in the tuber cinereum region (n = 1). One patient had incontinentia pigmenti. Five patients had unilateral anophthalmos on CT (n = 5) and MR (n = 1) studies. One of these patients had a contralateral congenital cystic eye and one had contralateral severe microphthalmia and absent optic chiasm. All had craniofacial anomalies that consisted of midline facial clefts (n = 2) and concomitant hemifacial hypoplasia (n = 2). One had a craniosynostosis. All five had normal-appearing brains. CONCLUSION: Patients with bilateral anophthalmos represent a distinct group from those with unilateral anophthalmos. In our patients, bilateral anophthalmos was associated with absence of the optic chiasm, diminished size of the posterior optic pathways, and agenesis or dysgenesis of the corpus callosum. Patients with unilateral anophthalmos had severe craniofacial anomalies. Imaging of the face is helpful in patients with unilateral anophthalmos.
MESH: Brain-abnormalities; Brain-pathology; Child-; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; Image-Processing,-Computer-Assisted; Infant-; Infant,-Newborn; Optic-Chiasm-pathology; Optic-Nerve-abnormalities; Optic-Nerve-pathology; Visual-Pathways-pathology
MESH: *Anophthalmos-diagnosis; *Craniofacial-Abnormalities-diagnosis; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; *Optic-Chiasm-abnormalities; *Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed; *Visual-Pathways-abnormalities
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97245755
UD: 9709
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 92 of 280
TI: Corpus callosum size and inter-hemispheric function in schizophrenia.
AU: Woodruff-PW; Phillips-ML; Rushe-T; Wright-IC; Murray-RM; David-AS
AD: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
SO: Schizophr-Res. 1997 Feb 28; 23(3): 189-96
ISSN: 0920-9964
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: We studied the relationship between corpus callosum area and both inter-hemispheric facilitation and interference in schizophrenics and controls. Mid-sagittal sections through the corpus callosum were measured using structural magnetic resonance imaging on 42 patients and 43 normal controls, along with symptom profiles. In a sub-sample, a modified version of the Stroop Test was also performed (27 patients and 29 controls) to assess inter-hemispheric facilitation and interference of colour naming. In the larger sample (total subjects, n = 85), there were no significant differences between patients and controls in CC area but a trend towards smaller values in patients in all but the posterior segment. In the sub-sample, bilateral facilitation was greater, and interference, less in schizophrenics compared with controls. There was a positive correlation between facilitation and posterior CC area, parallelled by a negative correlation between interference and posterior CC area, in both patients and controls, which only reached statistical significance when both groups were combined. These findings suggest that the link, between CC size and neuropsychological processes involving inter-hemispheric transfer of information, is common to both schizophrenics and normal controls. There were significant negative correlations between anterior CC area and psychomotor poverty (avolition, anhedonia and affective flattening), and a suggestion that the negative correlation between age and CC size in controls was not present in patients.
MESH: Adult-; Affect-physiology; Age-Factors; Case-Control-Studies; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Delusions-physiopathology; Laterality-physiology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age; Neuropsychological-Tests; Regression-Analysis; Response-Interference-physiopathology; Visual-Fields-physiology; Volition-physiology
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Response-Interference-pathology; *Schizophrenia-pathology; *Schizophrenia-physiopathology; *Schizophrenic-Psychology
TG: Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97229359
UD: 9709
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 93 of 280
TI: [Treatment of epilepsy by neurological surgery]
AU: Shimizu-H
AD: Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Japan.
SO: No-To-Shinkei. 1997 May; 49(5): 425-30
ISSN: 0006-8969
PY: 1997
LA: JAPANESE; NON-ENGLISH
CP: JAPAN
MESH: Cerebral-Cortex-physiopathology; Corpus-Callosum-surgery; Electroencephalography-; Epilepsy-diagnosis; Epilepsy-physiopathology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Neurosurgery-methods; Temporal-Lobe-surgery
MESH: *Epilepsy-surgery
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
AN: 97306454
UD: 9709
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 94 of 280
TI: A case of a vascular anomaly with peculiar venous drainage.
AU: Nishijima-Y; Nishio-A; Matsuoka-Y; Tanaka-K; Ijichi-H; Inoue-Y; Nemoto-Y
AD: Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan.
SO: Acta-Neurochir-Wien. 1997; 139(2): 153-5
ISSN: 0001-6268
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: AUSTRIA
MESH: Adult-; Angiography-; Cerebral-Veins-abnormalities; Drainage-; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed
MESH: *Cerebral-Veins-pathology; *Cerebral-Veins-radiography; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97243526
UD: 9709
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 95 of 280
TI: Acrocallosal syndrome in an Algerian boy born to consanguineous parents: review of the literature and further delineation of the syndrome.
AU: Courtens-W; Vamos-E; Christophe-C; Schinzel-A
AD: Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Brugmann University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
SO: Am-J-Med-Genet. 1997 Mar 3; 69(1): 17-22
ISSN: 0148-7299
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: We present a 17-month-old boy with the acrocallosal syndrome. He was born to consanguineous parents. Abnormal findings included agenesis of the corpus callosum, a ventricular septal defect (VSD), postaxial polydactyly of fingers, cleft soft palate, intestinal malrotation, large anterior fontanelle, prominent forehead, hypertelorism, epicanthic folds, short nose and mandible and preauricular skin tags, mixed hearing loss, laryngomalacia, and growth and severe motor and mental retardation. A review of previous reports on the acrocallosal syndrome shows considerable clinical variability; minimal diagnostic criteria are proposed. A developmental field defect with disturbance of midline development is suggested.
MESH: Abnormalities,-Multiple-pathology; Algeria-; Cleft-Palate; Consanguinity-; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Heart-Septal-Defects,-Ventricular-physiopathology; Infant-; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Polydactyly-; Syndrome-
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-physiopathology
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97219587
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 96 of 280
TI: Clinical and radiologic findings in progressive facial hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome).
AU: Cory-RC; Clayman-DA; Faillace-WJ; McKee-SW; Gama-CH
AD: Department of Radiology, University of Florida Health Science Center/Jacksonville 32209, USA.
SO: AJNR-Am-J-Neuroradiol. 1997 Apr; 18(4): 751-7
ISSN: 0195-6108
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: We describe the clinical and radiologic changes related to progressive facial hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome) occurring during a 20-month period in a child who presented with unilateral neurologic deficits and facial hemiatrophy. CT and MR findings included unilateral focal infarctions in the corpus callosum, diffuse deep and subcortical white matter signal changes, mild cortical thickening, and leptomeningeal enhancement with dense mineral deposition. Angiographic findings were normal. We hypothesize that a noninfectious, unilateral inflammatory process, possibly associated with a chronic vasomotor disturbance and sympathetic nerve chain inflammation, was a major factor in the pathogenesis of this syndrome.
MESH: Arachnoid-pathology; Autonomic-Nervous-System-Diseases-complications; Brain-Diseases-diagnosis; Calcinosis-diagnosis; Cerebral-Angiography; Cerebral-Infarction-diagnosis; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Disease-Progression; Facial-Hemiatrophy-diagnosis; Follow-Up-Studies; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Minerals-; Pia-Mater-pathology; Sympathetic-Nervous-System-pathology; Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed; Vasomotor-System-pathology
MESH: *Brain-Diseases-pathology; *Diagnostic-Imaging; *Facial-Hemiatrophy-pathology
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0
NM: Minerals
AN: 97272335
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 97 of 280
TI: MR of childhood metachromatic leukodystrophy.
AU: Kim-TS; Kim-IO; Kim-WS; Choi-YS; Lee-JY; Kim-OW; Yeon-KM; Kim-KJ; Hwang-YS
AD: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Korea.
SO: AJNR-Am-J-Neuroradiol. 1997 Apr; 18(4): 733-8
ISSN: 0195-6108
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: PURPOSE: To investigate the MR findings of childhood metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). METHODS: Nine MR imaging studies in seven children (five girls and two boys, 10 to 32 months old) with MLD were evaluated retrospectively for the extent and progression of white matter abnormalities and the presence of contrast enhancement. RESULTS: All seven cases showed symmetric, confluent high signal intensity on T2-weighted images in the periventricular white matter and centrum semiovale. A posterior predominance of white matter abnormalities was noted in all cases. Although initially spared from demyelination in all cases, in one case, the subcortical U fibers were later involved in demyelination of follow-up MR studies. Other sites of involvement were the genu (n = 5) and splenium (n = 6) of the corpus callosum, the posterior limbs of the internal capsule (n = 5), the descending pyramidal tracts (n = 4), the claustrum (n = 4), and the cerebral white matter (n = 2); diffuse brain atrophy was seen in two cases. No enhancement of the lesion was seen on any of the five postcontrast examinations. A "tigroid" pattern, previously described in cases of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, was noted in the centrum semiovale in six cases. CONCLUSION: In late-infantile MLD, demyelination is more prominent in the occipital region. In addition to demyelination of the periventricular white matter, common manifestations include a "tigroid" pattern and involvement of the corpus callosum, the internal capsule, and the corticospinal tract.
MESH: Cerebellum-pathology; Cerebral-Cortex-pathology; Cerebral-Sclerosis,-Diffuse-diagnosis; Cerebral-Sclerosis,-Diffuse-pathology; Cerebral-Ventricles-pathology; Child,-Preschool; Contrast-Media; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Demyelinating-Diseases-pathology; Disease-Progression; Follow-Up-Studies; Image-Enhancement; Infant-; Leukodystrophy,-Metachromatic-diagnosis; Occipital-Lobe-pathology; Pyramidal-Tracts-pathology; Retrospective-Studies
MESH: *Brain-pathology; *Leukodystrophy,-Metachromatic-pathology; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0
NM: Contrast-Media
AN: 97272330
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 98 of 280
TI: The lamina rostralis: modification of concepts concerning the anatomy, embryology, and MR appearance of the rostrum of the corpus callosum.
AU: Kier-EL; Truwit-CL
AD: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn 06520, USA.
SO: AJNR-Am-J-Neuroradiol. 1997 Apr; 18(4): 715-22
ISSN: 0195-6108
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: PURPOSE: To study the anatomy and embryology of the lamina rostralis, and to determine whether the rostrum is, as frequently stated, the last section of the corpus callosum to develop. METHODS: The rostrum was analyzed in dissected adult brains and on MR studies in 300 patients with a normal corpus callosum and in 84 patients with a hypogenetic corpus callosum. MR images of intact fetuses and photographs of dissected fetal and adult vertebrate brains were also analyzed. RESULTS: The rostrum extends from the genu to the upper end of the lamina terminalis and consists of two sections: a thick beaked segment and the thin lamina rostralis, which blends posteriorly with the lamina terminalis. During fetal development the lamina rostralis changes from a semivertical to a semihorizontal orientation. Many hypogenetic corpora callosi have a semivertical lamina rostralis. A rudimentary beaked segment can be present without a normal genu. CONCLUSIONS: The rostrum is not the last segment of the corpus callosum to develop. Rather, the lamina rostralis segment of the fetal rostrum is already present before the genu and splenium develop. Additionally, the beaked segment of the rostrum develops concurrently with maturation of the genu.
MESH: Adult-; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Corpus-Callosum-embryology; Dissection-; Fetal-Development; Fetus-; Gestational-Age; Septum-Pellucidum-anatomy-and-histology; Septum-Pellucidum-embryology
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97272326
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 99 of 280
TI: Third ventricle: size and appearance in normal fetuses through gestation.
AU: Hertzberg-BS; Kliewer-MA; Freed-KS; McNally-PJ; DeLong-DM; Bowie-JD; Kay-HH
AD: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
SO: Radiology. 1997 Jun; 203(3): 641-4
ISSN: 0033-8419
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: PURPOSE: To define the size and appearance of the normal fetal third ventricle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The third ventricle was prospectively assessed in 441 consecutive normal second- and third-trimester fetuses. The fetuses were divided into six gestational age ranges. Data regarding the size and configuration of the third ventricle were analyzed for each group. RESULTS: The third ventricle was seen in 435 of 440 (98.9%) fetuses. It appeared as a single echogenic line between the thalami in 171 (38.9%) fetuses, as parallel echogenic lines outlining a fluid-filled lumen in 243 (55.2%) fetuses, and as divergent lines delineating a V-shaped fluid-filled structure in 21 (4.8%) fetuses. The single-line configuration was most common early in the second trimester. Later in pregnancy, the ventricle walls could be discerned as separate parallel or divergent lines outlining a fluid-filled lumen. The average width of the ventricle was relatively constant at approximately 1 mm from 12 to 28 weeks. After this time, it enlarged, reaching a maximum 1.9 mm. CONCLUSION: The third ventricle can be imaged in most second- and third-trimester fetuses. Its size and configuration evolve through the second and third trimesters. This evolution must be considered in the evaluation of normality. At any gestational age, a third ventricle greater than 3.5 mm in width should be viewed with concern for abnormality.
MESH: Abnormalities,-Multiple; Cerebral-Ventricles-abnormalities; Cerebral-Ventricles-ultrasonography; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Corpus-Callosum-ultrasonography; Encephalocele-ultrasonography; Fetal-Development; Fetal-Diseases-ultrasonography; Hepatic-Vein-Thrombosis-ultrasonography; Observer-Variation; Pregnancy-; Pregnancy-Trimester,-Second; Pregnancy-Trimester,-Third; Prospective-Studies; Thalamus-embryology; Thalamus-ultrasonography
MESH: *Cerebral-Ventricles-embryology; *Gestational-Age; *Ultrasonography,-Prenatal
TG: Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97313078
UD: 9708
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 100 of 280
TI: The relation of callosal atrophy and interhemispheric transfer of information: a comment on Janowsky et al. (1996) [letter]
AU: Hadjistavropoulos-T; Beattie-LB; Tuokko-H
SO: J-Am-Geriatr-Soc. 1997 Jun; 45(6): 778
ISSN: 0002-8614
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
MESH: Aging-physiology; Atrophy-; Dementia-psychology; Sex-Factors
MESH: *Cognition-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Laterality-physiology
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: LETTER
AN: 97324575
UD: 9708