MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 101 of 280
TI: Reversible corpus callosum lesions in a patient with Marchiafava-Bignami disease: serial changes on MRI.
AU: Yamashita-K; Kobayashi-S; Yamaguchi-S; Koide-H; Nishi-K
AD: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan.
SO: Eur-Neurol. 1997; 37(3): 192-3
ISSN: 0014-3022
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: SWITZERLAND
MESH: Alcoholism-pathology; Brain-pathology; Brain-Edema-pathology; Folic-Acid-therapeutic-use; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age; Time-Factors; Vitamin-B-Complex-therapeutic-use
MESH: *Alcoholism-complications; *Brain-Edema-etiology; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 12001-76-2; 59-30-3
NM: Vitamin-B-Complex; Folic-Acid
AN: 97283857
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 102 of 280
TI: Long-term follow up of children with head injuries-classified as "good recovery" using the Glasgow Outcome Scale: neurological, neuropsychological and magnetic resonance imaging results.
AU: Koelfen-W; Freund-M; Dinter-D; Schmidt-B; Koenig-S; Schultze-C
AD: Schwerpunkt Neuropadiatrie, Universitatskinderklinik Mannheim, Germany.
SO: Eur-J-Pediatr. 1997 Mar; 156(3): 230-5
ISSN: 0340-6199
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: The primary issues addressed in this study were: (1) determination of the significance of the classification "good outcome" utilizing the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) in children at least 1 year after brain injury; (2) detection of residual lesions of brain parenchyma in these children upon follow up MRI scans; and (3) detection of relationships between neuropsychological test performance and MRI results. Selection criteria included children 6-15 years of age at the time of testing who received an initial CT scan at the time of their head injury and who had been injured at least 12 months prior to the follow up test. Only children who did not demonstrate neurological disability at the time of follow up examination were selected. The children showed a status of "good outcome" as defined by the GOS. Neurological examination, neuropsychological tests and an MRI were done. The test results of 59 patients were compared to those of a matched control group. Children, after receiving head injuries, showed significantly poorer results with respect to cognitive, motor and fine motor skills. Of all MRI-scans 66% revealed pathological findings. Cortical lesions were detected on MRI in 14% of cases; subcortical injuries were detected in 12% and, deep white matter lesions in 31%. Furthermore, corpus callosum damage was observed in 26% of cases. Pathological MRI findings were also observed in children with mild head injuries. All of the children with normal MRI findings showed abilities comparable to those of children in the control group. Patients with cortical lesions exhibited only motor deficits, whereas motor and cognitive deficits were seen in patients with deep white matter lesions. Children with multiple lesions demonstrated test results in all variables 1 to 2 standard deviations below those of the control group. CONCLUSION: Children suffering a brain injury who 1 year later are classified within the "good outcome" group according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale often have significant morphological and functional brain deficits.
MESH: Adolescence-; Brain-Damage,-Chronic-classification; Cerebral-Cortex-injuries; Cerebral-Cortex-pathology; Child-; Corpus-Callosum-injuries; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Disability-Evaluation; Follow-Up-Studies; Head-Injuries,-Closed-classification; Predictive-Value-of-Tests; Treatment-Outcome
MESH: *Brain-Damage,-Chronic-diagnosis; *Glasgow-Coma-Scale; *Head-Injuries,-Closed-diagnosis; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; *Neurologic-Examination; *Neuropsychological-Tests
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97237289
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 103 of 280
TI: MRI in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome type I.
AU: Trasimeni-G; Di-Biasi-C; Iannilli-M; Orlandi-L; Boscherini-B; Balducci-R; Gualdi-GF
AD: CT and MR Unit, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, Italy.
SO: Childs-Nerv-Syst. 1997 Jan; 13(1): 47-9
ISSN: 0256-7040
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: We describe a single case of a polymalformational syndrome in which the MR findings were of great help in the final diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) type I. MRI was performed for evaluation of the brain morphology since the clinical and laboratory findings were suggestive but not unequivocally indicative of SLOS. MRI findings of frontal lobe hypoplasia, cortical migration defect, and abnormalities of median line structures prompted the final diagnosis of SLOS.
MESH: Brain-pathology; Cerebral-Cortex-abnormalities; Cerebral-Cortex-pathology; Cerebral-Ventricles-pathology; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Diagnosis,-Differential; Frontal-Lobe-abnormalities; Frontal-Lobe-pathology; Infant-; Smith-Lemli-Opitz-Syndrome-genetics
MESH: *Brain-abnormalities; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; *Smith-Lemli-Opitz-Syndrome-diagnosis
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97237224
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 104 of 280
TI: Epilepsy surgery.
AU: Wieser-HG
AD: Department of Epileptology & Electroencephalography, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
SO: Baillieres-Clin-Neurol. 1996 Dec; 5(4): 849-75
ISSN: 0961-0421
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Surgical therapy of epilepsy, although still underutilized, is presently well accepted and performed world-wide with increasing frequency. In the last decade the following changes have been noticed: non-invasive pre-surgical evaluation is increasingly carried out in close collaboration with referring centres so that often no (or only a very short) hospitalization is necessary in highly specialized epilepsy centres for this purpose. Stereoelectro-encephalography (SEEG) is used less often in invasive evaluation while the subdural strip and grid electrode-techniques are used more often. There is a general trend for a more flexible and collaborative multidisciplinary and multi-method approach utilizing the whole spectrum of modern diagnostic facilities in a more patient-oriented and therefore more cost-effective way. The main objective of the pre-surgical evaluation is to determine the onset area of the patient's spontaneous habitual seizures. The primary epileptogenic zone is not necessarily synonymous with the so-called lesional zone, although in the great majority of patients they are related. In a small percentage of candidates for epilepsy surgery additional special examinations are necessary to prevent and/or predict the degree of post-operative deficits. At present selective Amytal tests are often used but these invasive procedures might be replaced in the future by functional PET and functional MR studies. Surgery in patients with epilepsy can be categorized into: (i) lesion-oriented surgery (lesionectomy sensu stricto), (ii) epilepsy-oriented lesional surgery, (iii) surgery for epilepsy sensu stricto. Surgery is performed with a 'curative (= causal)' or a 'palliative' intention. Furthermore surgery can be categorized into standardized epilepsy surgery (such as anterior temporal lobe resection, selective amygdalohippeocampectomy, anterior callosotomy); and individually tailored surgical interventions. It is obvious that also so-called standardized operations are tailored to some degree, usually based on pre-operative findings as well as on intraoperative corticography and/or other intra-operative neurophysiological tests (functional mapping). Individually tailored operations comprise smaller topectomies and larger resections. Surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy still prevails. For mesial temporal lobe epilepsy more selective operations, such as the selective amygdalohippocampectomy, are increasingly performed. Today the majority of patients suffering from this syndrome can be evaluated non-invasively (or 'semi-invasively' with the foramen ovale electrode technique) in combination with MRI (including volumetry of the hippocampus) and PET or SPECT. In general one has the impression that extratemporal resections without a lesion are performed less often. But, if a morphological abnormality is present, pre-surgical evaluation (using grids), and surgery making use of 'functional mapping' are increasingly offered from more and more centres. Anterior callosal sections and functional hemispherectomies have also witnessed a renaissance. The most important standardized operations are reviewed.
MESH: Amygdaloid-Body-surgery; Cerebral-Cortex-surgery; Cerebral-Decortication-methods; Cerebral-Decortication-trends; Cerebral-Decortication-utilization; Corpus-Callosum-surgery; Epilepsy,-Temporal-Lobe-diagnosis; Epilepsy,-Temporal-Lobe-physiopathology; Epilepsy,-Temporal-Lobe-surgery; Hippocampus-surgery; Patient-Selection; Temporal-Lobe-surgery; Treatment-Outcome
MESH: *Cerebral-Decortication; *Epilepsy-surgery
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
AN: 97221839
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 105 of 280
TI: Interhemispheric transfer of visual information in humans: the role of different callosal channels.
AU: Ipata-A; Girelli-M; Miniussi-C; Marzi-CA
AD: Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, Universita di Verona, Italy.
SO: Arch-Ital-Biol. 1997 Mar; 135(2): 169-82
ISSN: 0003-9829
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: We have assessed the interhemispheric transmission time (IHTT) by electrophysiological means in normal subjects performing a visuomotor reaction time task. We subtracted the latency of ERP components (P1 and N1) evoked by lateralized visual stimuli presented to the ipsilateral hemifield (indirect-callosal pathway) from the latency of the same components evoked by stimulation of the contralateral hemifield (direct pathway). Estimates of IHTT ranged between 5.77 msec and 12.54 depending upon the type of component and the location of the electrode sites. More anterior locations yielded shorter values of IHTT, and overall IHTT tended to be 7 msec shorter for the N1 component than for the P1 component. Moreover, there was an asymmetric IHTT for N1 in central sites with shorter latencies in the direction right-to-left hemisphere than in the opposite direction. Taken together, these results are in keeping with the idea that interhemispheric transfer of visuomotor information does not occur at the level of the primary visual areas but at more anterior cortical areas. The shorter IHTT for the N1 component suggests the involvement of the callosal connections between the inferotemporal areas of the two hemispheres.
MESH: Adult-; Analysis-of-Variance; Electrodes-; Electroencephalography-; Laterality-physiology; Meta-Analysis; Reaction-Time-physiology; Reference-Values
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Evoked-Potentials,-Visual-physiology; *Psychomotor-Performance-physiology; *Visual-Pathways-physiology
TG: Comparative-Study; Female; Human; Male
PT: CLINICAL-TRIAL; JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97255680
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 106 of 280
TI: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of the corpus callosum in childhood onset schizophrenia.
AU: Jacobsen-LK; Giedd-JN; Rajapakse-JC; Hamburger-SD; Vaituzis-AC; Frazier-JA; Lenane-MC; Rapoport-JL
AD: Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
SO: Psychiatry-Res. 1997 Feb 7; 68(2-3): 77-86
ISSN: 0165-1781
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: Corpus callosum size has been found to be abnormal in adult schizophrenia, and other studies have implicated abnormal interhemispheric communication in this disorder. To assess continuity with brain abnormalities in the later onset disorder and to further localize brain maldevelopment, this structure was examined in a unique sample of childhood onset schizophrenics. Anatomic brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired for 25 patients (mean age 13.9 +/- 2.1) who had onset of schizophrenia by age 12 (mean age at onset 9.9 +/- 1.9) and 55 normal children. The midsagittal area of the corpus callosum was divided into seven sections. With no adjustment for brain volume, no diagnostic differences were observed. After adjustment for the smaller cerebral volume of the schizophrenics, larger total, anterior and posterior corpus callosum areas emerged for the schizophrenics. These findings provide further evidence for continuity between childhood onset and later onset schizophrenia and support other studies showing white matter sparing in the context of decreased cortical volume.
MESH: Adolescence-; Age-of-Onset; Child-
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; *Schizophrenia-diagnosis
TG: Comparative-Study; Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97258281
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 107 of 280
TI: Response of amoeboid and ramified microglial cells to lipopolysaccharide injections in postnatal rats--a lectin and ultrastructural study.
AU: Wu-CH; Wang-HJ; Wen-CY; Lien-KC; Ling-EA
AD: Department of Anatomy, Taipei Medical College, Taiwan, ROC.
SO: Neurosci-Res. 1997 Feb; 27(2): 133-41
ISSN: 0168-0102
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: The present study describes the response of amoeboid and ramified microglial cells in the corpus callosum to intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide injections in postnatal rats as examined by lectin histochemical staining and electron microscopy. In 1 day old rats receiving endotoxin injections and sacrificed at various time intervals, the lectin labelling of amoeboid/ramified microglia was greatly enhanced. The increased labelling persisted in some ramified microglia in rats killed at 14 and 21 days of age; otherwise in normal or control animals of the corresponding stages, the same cells were very weakly stained. In rats killed at 2 days of age after intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide injection, the number of microglia appeared to increase, but this was reduced at 7 days of age. The lectin-labelled amoeboid/ramified microglia were frequently seen adherent to the outer walls of the callosal blood vessels where infiltrated lymphocytes were also observed. Ultrastructurally, some lectin-labelled microglial cells underwent degeneration and were engulfed by other lectin-positive cells. After endotoxin injections, microglial cells, notably the amoeboid form, showed extensive ruffling at their cell membrane, massive accumulation of lysosomes and increased staining of lectin at their Golgi apparatus. A similar lectin labelling pattern was also observed in ramified microglia of lipopolysaccharide-injected rats. It is concluded that both amoeboid and ramified microglial cells in postnatal rats responded to endotoxin injections as reflected by their enhanced lectin labelling at the surface membrane, lysosomes and Golgi apparatus. It is suggested that such changes may be involved in synthesis and/or modification of galactosyl glycoconjugates probably for the increased production of membranous glycoproteins or lysosomal enzymes.
MESH: Bacterial-Toxins-administration-and-dosage; Corpus-Callosum-cytology; Corpus-Callosum-drug-effects; Corpus-Callosum-ultrastructure; Enterotoxins-administration-and-dosage; Histocytochemistry-; Injections,-Intraperitoneal; Lectins-; Microglia-drug-effects; Microscopy,-Electron; Nerve-Degeneration-physiology; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar
MESH: *Animals,-Newborn-physiology; *Bacterial-Toxins-pharmacology; *Enterotoxins-pharmacology; *Microglia-ultrastructure
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0
NM: heat-stable-toxin-(E-coli); Bacterial-Toxins; Enterotoxins; Lectins
AN: 97254863
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 108 of 280
TI: A magnetization transfer study of white matter in siblings of multiple sclerosis patients.
AU: Filippi-M; Campi-A; Martino-G; Colombo-B; Comi-G
AD: Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, University of Milan, Italy.
SO: J-Neurol-Sci. 1997 Apr 15; 147(2): 151-3
ISSN: 0022-510X
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: In this study, we evaluated magnetization transfer ratio values in the brain white matter of siblings of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and compared them to those obtained in sex- and age-matched normal controls. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for all the white matter areas studied (frontal and occipital lobes, centrum semiovale, periventricular white matter, internal capsule, genu and splenium of the corpus callosum).
MESH: Adult-; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Family-Health; Frontal-Lobe-pathology; Matched-Pair-Analysis; Multiple-Sclerosis-epidemiology; Nerve-Fibers-pathology; Risk-Factors
MESH: *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-methods; *Multiple-Sclerosis-pathology; *Nuclear-Family
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97260021
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 109 of 280
TI: [Encephalitis located at bilateral corpus callosum on MRI--a case report]
AU: Sakamoto-T; Yamamura-H; Harimoto-K; Inoue-S
AD: Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan.
SO: No-To-Shinkei. 1997 Apr; 49(4): 349-52
ISSN: 0006-8969
PY: 1997
LA: JAPANESE; NON-ENGLISH
CP: JAPAN
AB: A case of viral encephalitis is described. A 38 year-old female was admitted because of high fever accompanied by cough and headaches. Two days after admission the patient began to exhibit abnormal behavior. Cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed pleocytosis. T2-weighted MRI revealed a high-intensity area located in the corpus callosum bilaterally that gradually increased in intensity within several days the patient's behavior returned to normal. The high-intensity area on MRI persisted for several months but diminished in intensity. Rubella may have been the etiology of the encephalitis.
MESH: Adult-; Cerebrospinal-Fluid-virology; Encephalitis,-Viral-pathology; Encephalitis,-Viral-virology; English-Abstract
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Encephalitis,-Viral-diagnosis; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; *Rubella-
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97270708
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 110 of 280
TI: [Age-related changes of diffusional anisotropy in the cerebral white matter in normal subjects]
AU: Hanyu-H; Asano-T; Ogawa-K; Takasaki-M; Shindo-H; Kakizaki-D; Abe-K
AD: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical College, Japan.
SO: No-To-Shinkei. 1997 Apr; 49(4): 331-6
ISSN: 0006-8969
PY: 1997
LA: JAPANESE; NON-ENGLISH
CP: JAPAN
AB: To investigate age-related changes of diffusional anisotropy in the cerebral white matter, we performed diffusion-weighted MRI studies in 21 normal subjects aged 25 to 96 years. The anisotropic rations (ARs), defined as the apparent diffusion coefficients perpendicular to the nerve fibers to those parallel to the nerve fibers, were significantly higher in elderly than in young subjects in the anterior and posterior white matter surrounding the lateral ventricle. Moreover, significant correlation between age and AR was found in the anterior white matter. The ventricular index (VI) measured on MRI, as a quantitative indicator of brain atrophy, was significantly higher in elderly than younger subjects, and significantly correlated with AR in the anterior white matter. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the VI showed the highest correlation for AR. On the other hand, there was no significant correlations between ARs in the corpus callosum and age. These results suggest that morphological changes in the myelin and axon in the white matter occur in elderly normal subjects, probably due to neuronal loss with aging.
MESH: Adult-; Aged-; Aged,-80-and-over; Anisotropy-; Atrophy-; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; English-Abstract; Middle-Age
MESH: *Aging-pathology; *Brain-pathology; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97270705
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 111 of 280
TI: Habituation of ocular following reflex requires corpus callosum for interhemispheric transfer.
AU: Zernicki-B; Stasiak-M; Doty-RW
AD: Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland. zernicki@nencki.gov.pl
SO: Behav-Brain-Res. 1997 Mar; 84(1-2): 269-74
ISSN: 0166-4328
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: In cats, unanesthetized following transection of the brainstem at a level precluding painful sensation, and limiting ocular motility to a vertically oriented course (the pretrigeminal preparation), habituation of the orienting reflex, consisting of ocular fixation and smooth pursuit, readily transferred between moving visual stimuli directed first at one and then the other cerebral hemisphere. Under the same conditions, when the corpus callosum had been transected 2 weeks prior to the habituation, interhemispheric transfer was absent. Thus, despite substantial brainstem involvement and bilateral coordination of ocular motility the neocortex plays an essential role in this habituation, just as it does in the interhemispheric transfer of visual discrimination learning. This suggests that habituation is a fundamental form of learning in the mammalian forebrain.
MESH: Cats-; Central-Nervous-System-Stimulants-pharmacology; Dextroamphetamine-pharmacology; Discrimination-Learning-drug-effects; Discrimination-Learning-physiology; Orientation-physiology; Photic-Stimulation
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Eye-Movements-physiology; *Habituation-Psychophysiology-physiology; *Laterality-physiology; *Reflex-physiology
TG: Animal; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: NS20052NSNINDS
RN: 0; 51-64-9
NM: Central-Nervous-System-Stimulants; Dextroamphetamine
AN: 97234517
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 112 of 280
TI: Agenesis of corpus callosum and anophthalmia in the asplenia syndrome. A recognisable association?
AU: Devriendt-K; Naulaers-G; Matthijs-G; Van-Houdt-K; Devlieger-H; Gewillig-M; Fryns-JP
AD: Center for Human Genetics, LEUVEN, Belgium.
SO: Ann-Genet. 1997; 40(1): 14-7
ISSN: 0003-3995
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: FRANCE
AB: We present a newborn infant with the asplenia syndrome and unique associated features of corpus callosum agenesis, anophthalmia and coloboma. Previous reports of eye abnormalities or corpus callosum agenesis in patients with asplenia suggest that this may represent a distinct clinically recognisable entity of abnormal lateralisation.
MESH: Coloboma-genetics; Infant,-Newborn; Laterality-genetics; Syndrome-
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-genetics; *Anophthalmos-genetics; *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Spleen-abnormalities
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97295203
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 113 of 280
TI: Functional asymmetries in the auditory system.
AU: Jerger-J
AD: Dept of Otorhinolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77024-4300, USA.
SO: Ann-Otol-Rhinol-Laryngol-Suppl. 1997 May; 168: 23-30
ISSN: 0096-8056
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: This paper describes interaural differences in a variety of listening tasks. We summarize both behavioral and electrophysiologic evidence that performance, in persons with both normal and impaired hearing, differs according to which ear is stimulated. The effect extends over the entire age range, but is especially evident in children and elderly persons. Results are presented in three area: 1) cued listening, 2) dichotic words and sentences, and 3) temporal resolution. Some possible clinical implications of functional asymmetries are discussed.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Age-Factors; Aged-; Brain-Mapping; Child-; Corpus-Callosum-physiology; Dichotic-Listening-Tests; Event-Related-Potentials,-P300; Laterality-physiology; Middle-Age; Pitch-Perception-physiology
MESH: *Aging-physiology; *Auditory-Perception-physiology; *Ear-physiology
TG: Human; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: AG08958AGNIA
AN: 97297645
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 114 of 280
TI: In vivo expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in supraventricular amoeboid microglial cells in neonatal BALB/c and athymic mice.
AU: Htain-WW; Leong-SK; Ling-EA
AD: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
SO: Neurosci-Lett. 1997 Feb 14; 223(1): 53-6
ISSN: 0304-3940
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: The present study investigated whether the supraventricular amoeboid microglial cells (SAMC) in neonatal BALB/c and athymic nude mice were able to express inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) after intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The results showed that iNOS, undetectable in these cells in vehicle injected mice, could clearly be demonstrated immunohistochemically in a large number of them in LPS treated normal and mutant mice. Only a few iNOS-positive SAMC were observed in IFN-gamma injected mice. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the microglial nature of the labelled cells and that the immunoprecipitate of iNOS was cytosolic, being diffusely present throughout the cytoplasm of the cells. It is suggested that iNOS in the SAMC of neonatal BALB/c and athymic mice may be involved in the synthesis of nitric oxide which is necessitated more for host defence mechanism against bacterial endotoxin than against immunological stimuli.
MESH: Cerebral-Ventricles; Corpus-Callosum-cytology; Cytosol-metabolism; Enzyme-Induction; Immunohistochemistry-; Injections,-Intraperitoneal; Interferon-Type-II-pharmacology; Lipopolysaccharides-pharmacology; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-BALB-C; Mice,-Nude; Microscopy,-Immunoelectron; Precipitin-Tests
MESH: *Animals,-Newborn-metabolism; *Corpus-Callosum-enzymology; *Microglia-enzymology; *Nitric-Oxide-Synthase-metabolism
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: EC 1.14.13.39; 0; 82115-62-6
NM: Nitric-Oxide-Synthase; Lipopolysaccharides; Interferon-Type-II
AN: 97211423
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 115 of 280
TI: Effect of magnetization transfer on the measurement of cerebral blood flow using steady-state arterial spin tagging approaches: a theoretical investigation.
AU: McLaughlin-AC; Ye-FQ; Pekar-JJ; Santha-AK; Frank-JA
AD: Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1060, USA.
SO: Magn-Reson-Med. 1997 Apr; 37(4): 501-10
ISSN: 0740-3194
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: A simple four-compartment model for magnetization transfer was used to obtain theoretical expressions for the relationship between regional cerebral blood flow and delta M, the change in longitudinal magnetization of brain water spins when arterial water spins are perturbed. The theoretical relationship can be written in two forms, depending on the approach used to normalize delta M. Using the first approach, the calculation of cerebral blood flow requires a knowledge of R1(omega 1, delta omega), the longitudinal relaxation rate observed in the presence of continuous off-resonance RF irradiation. Using the second approach, the calculation of cerebral blood flow requires a knowledge of R1(omega 1, delta omega), where R1(omega 1, delta omega) is given by the product of R1(omega 1, delta omega) and the fractional steady-state longitudinal water magnetization in the presence of off-resonance RF irradiation. If the off-resonance RF irradiation used for arterial tagging does not produce appreciable magnetization transfer effects, R1(omega 1, delta omega) can be approximated by the longitudinal relaxation rate measured in the absence of off-resonance RF irradiation, R1obs. Theoretical expressions obtained by using the four-component model for magnetization transfer are compared with equivalent expressions obtained by using two-compartment models.
MESH: Corpus-Callosum-blood-supply; Mathematics-; Spin-Labels
MESH: *Blood-Flow-Velocity-physiology; *Brain-physiology; *Cerebrovascular-Circulation; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-methods; *Models,-Theoretical
TG: Comparative-Study; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0
NM: Spin-Labels
AN: 97247948
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 116 of 280
TI: Atrophy of the corpus callosum in chronic alcoholism.
AU: Estruch-R; Nicolas-JM; Salamero-M; Aragon-C; Sacanella-E; Fernandez-Sola-J; Urbano-Marquez-A
AD: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.
SO: J-Neurol-Sci. 1997 Mar 10; 146(2): 145-51
ISSN: 0022-510X
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: To determine the prevalence of corpus callosum atrophy in chronic alcoholics and its relationship to cognitive function and brain atrophy, a prospective clinicoradiologic study was carried out in 28 right-handed male patients with chronic alcoholism and 14 age- and sex-matched right-handed control subjects. Clinical evaluation, neuropsychological testing and measurement of the midsagittal corpus callosum area and thickness (genu, truncus and splenium), as well as the frontal lobe index and the width of the cortical sulci on T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images were performed. Compared to controls, alcoholics had significantly decreased corpus callosum area and thickness, mainly in the genu. Two-thirds had a corpus callosum area 2 SD below the mean of the control group. The sagittal area of the corpus callosum body correlated negatively with the degree of frontal and cortical atrophies (r = -0.5579 and -0.6853, respectively p < 0.01, both). Alcoholics with corpus callosum atrophy exhibited impairment of visual and logical memories (p < 0.05 both) and those with reduced thickness of the genu showed impairment of frontal lobe tasks (p < 0.05). The reduction of corpus callosum indices (age-corrected) also correlated with the total lifetime dose of ethanol consumed (r = 0.6107, p < 0.001), but was not related to nutritional status or electrolyte imbalance. Atrophy of the corpus callosum is common among alcoholic patients and may reflect the severity and pattern of cortical damage. The degree of this atrophy also correlated with the severity of ethanol intake.
MESH: Adult-; Age-Factors; Alcoholism-diagnosis; Atrophy-; Chronic-Disease; Intelligence-Tests; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age; Neuropsychological-Tests; Nutrition-Assessment
MESH: *Alcoholism-pathology; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology
TG: Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97232236
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 117 of 280
TI: Fetal encephalopathy after maternal anaphylaxis. Case report.
AU: Luciano-R; Zuppa-AA; Maragliano-G; Gallini-F; Tortorolo-G
AD: Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
SO: Biol-Neonate. 1997; 71(3): 190-3
ISSN: 0006-3126
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: SWITZERLAND
AB: Fetal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy can be diagnosed at birth by means of cerebral ultrasound scanning. The morphological appearance of the lesions depends on the time elapsed between the insult and examination of the brain. We report a case of a neonate affected by multicystic encephalomalacia and corpus callosum atrophy attributable to an episode of maternal anaphylactic shock which occurred at 27 weeks of gestation following intravenous iron injection. The diagnosis was made by means of a cerebral ultrasound scan performed at birth and confirmed by magnetic resonance. This case demonstrates that maternal severe acute hypotension during pregnancy can cause fetal cerebral damage similar to the hypoxicischemic injuries occurring in the perinatal period.
MESH: Adult-; Atrophy-; Cerebral-Anoxia-ultrasonography; Cerebral-Ischemia-ultrasonography; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Corpus-Callosum-ultrasonography; Encephalomalacia-ultrasonography; Infant,-Newborn; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Pregnancy-
MESH: *Anaphylaxis-; *Cerebral-Anoxia-etiology; *Cerebral-Ischemia-etiology; *Encephalomalacia-etiology; *Pregnancy-Complications
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97251216
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 118 of 280
TI: Atrophy of the corpus callosum, cognitive impairment, and cortical hypometabolism in progressive supranuclear palsy.
AU: Yamauchi-H; Fukuyama-H; Nagahama-Y; Katsumi-Y; Dong-Y; Konishi-J; Kimura-J
AD: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
SO: Ann-Neurol. 1997 May; 41(5): 606-14
ISSN: 0364-5134
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Recent studies disclosed neurofibrillary degeneration in layer 3 of the association cortex in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. This lesion may be associated with corpus callosum atrophy and may impair the function of cortical regions indispensable for complex cognitive activity. To investigate whether corpus callosum atrophy is associated with cognitive impairment and cerebral cortical hypometabolism, we studied 10 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy using magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose as a tracer. Compared with 23 age-matched control subjects, the patients had significantly decreased callosal area-skull area ratios, with anterior predominance of the degree of atrophy. The corpus callosum atrophy was accompanied by a decreased mean cortical glucose metabolic rate, predominantly in the frontal region of the cortex, and poor performance on the picture arrangement subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the verbal fluency task. We conclude that corpus callosum atrophy with anterior predominance is present in progressive supranuclear palsy, and that this atrophy is associated with cognitive impairment and cerebral cortical hypometabolism, especially in the frontal cortical region. Corpus callosum atrophy may reflect the pathological changes in the cerebral cortex, accentuated in the frontal region, that contribute to the development of frontal lobe dysfunction in this disease.
MESH: Aged-; Analysis-of-Variance; Atrophy-; Cognition-Disorders-diagnosis; Glucose-metabolism; Intelligence-Tests; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age; Regression-Analysis; Supranuclear-Palsy,-Progressive-physiopathology; Tomography,-Emission-Computed
MESH: *Cerebral-Cortex-metabolism; *Cognition-Disorders-etiology; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Supranuclear-Palsy,-Progressive-complications; *Supranuclear-Palsy,-Progressive-diagnosis
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: CLINICAL-TRIAL; CONTROLLED-CLINICAL-TRIAL; JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 50-99-7
NM: Glucose
AN: 97297890
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 119 of 280
TI: Neuropathological findings in the cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal (Pena-Shokeir II) syndrome.
AU: Sakai-T; Kikuchi-F; Takashima-S; Matsuda-H; Watanabe-N
AD: Department of Biochemistry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
SO: Brain-Dev. 1997 Jan; 19(1): 58-62
ISSN: 0387-7604
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: An autopsy case is described of an infant with cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal (COFS) (Pena-Shokeir II) syndrome who died of pneumonia at the age of 5 months, and the pathology of the CNS in this case and the cases in literature were reviewed. Neuropathological examination revealed a partial defect of the corpus callosum, lobulation of the caudate nucleus and putamen, polymicrogyria in the parietal lobes and neuronal heterotopia in the cerebral and cerebellar white matter. The migration disorders suggest that the onset starts in the early fetal period.
MESH: Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Fatal-Outcome; Infant-; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Neostriatum-abnormalities; Neurologic-Examination; Parietal-Lobe-abnormalities; Twins-
MESH: *Brain-abnormalities; *Craniofacial-Abnormalities-diagnosis
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97225119
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 120 of 280
TI: What is the role of the corpus callosum in intermanual transfer of motor skills? A study of three cases with callosal pathology.
AU: Thut-G; Halsband-U; Regard-M; Mayer-E; Leenders-KL; Landis-T
AD: Neurology Department, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
SO: Exp-Brain-Res. 1997 Feb; 113(2): 365-70
ISSN: 0014-4819
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: Intermanual transfer for a skilled motor task was studied in two patients with total callosal agenesis, and one with an acquired partial callosal lesion and clinical evidence for disturbed transfer of motor signals. Patients had to draw meaningless figures with one upper extremity (original learning, OL) and to reproduce their mirror-reversals thereafter with the other side (transfer learning, TL). Both directions of intermanual transfer were tested in two conditions, that is, between either proximal or distal muscle groups. Transfer was evaluated by comparing OL and TL performance at the same effector. The main variable of interest was movement time during the first eight trials of OL and TL. All three patients displayed a significant benefit for transfer from the dominant to the non-dominant hand but not vice versa during proximal motor activity. When compared with the performance of healthy subjects tested in almost identical conditions in a previously reported study, the proximal transfer behavior was found to be similar for all patients and the normal group. Although patients exhibited no significant benefit for distal transfer, their non-dominant-to-dominant distal transfer was above the normal range. The similar transfer pattern of the patients and healthy subjects when using proximal musculature suggests that proximal transfer may be subserved by identical extracallosal pathways, most probably by the ipsilaterally descending motor systems. Since non-dominant-to-dominant distal transfer was found to be disadvantageous in healthy subjects, the patients' relative superiority in this condition may reflect missing callosal influences of an inhibitory nature.
MESH: Adult-; Middle-Age
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Motor-Activity-physiology; *Movement-Disorders-physiopathology
TG: Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97217762
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 121 of 280
TI: Familial progressive sensorimotor neuropathy with agenesis of the corpus callosum (Andermann syndrome): a clinical, neuroradiological and histopathological study.
AU: Deleu-D; Bamanikar-SA; Muirhead-D; Louon-A
AD: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
SO: Eur-Neurol. 1997; 37(2): 104-9
ISSN: 0014-3022
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: SWITZERLAND
AB: Three siblings from consanguineous parents, originating from Tanzania, presented with symptoms of complete or partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. Two males had in addition a sensorimotor neuropathy, moderate mental retardation and skeletal dysmorphism (Andermann syndrome). A study of sural nerve biopsies revealed thickening of the perineurium and reduction in the number of large myelinated fibres with axonal degeneration. Muscle biopsies showed neurogenic atrophy. The Andermann syndrome is autosomal recessive and almost exclusively confined to the region of Charlevoix and Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean (Quebec, Canada). Moreover in families with the Andermann syndrome, no siblings with only agenesis of the corpus callosum have been described.
MESH: Adolescence-; Axons-pathology; Biopsy-; Brain-pathology; Child-; Chromosome-Abnormalities-genetics; Consanguinity-; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Genes,-Recessive-genetics; Mental-Retardation-diagnosis; Mental-Retardation-genetics; Mental-Retardation-pathology; Nerve-Fibers,-Myelinated-pathology; Neuropathies,-Hereditary-Motor-and-Sensory-diagnosis; Neuropathies,-Hereditary-Motor-and-Sensory-pathology; Sural-Nerve-pathology; Syndrome-; Tanzania-; Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Neuropathies,-Hereditary-Motor-and-Sensory-genetics
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97211068
UD: 9708
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 122 of 280
TI: Non-mirror-symmetric patterns of callosal linkages in areas 17 and 18 in cat visual cortex.
AU: Olavarria-JF
AD: Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. jaime@u.washington.edu
SO: J-Comp-Neurol. 1996 Mar 18; 366(4): 643-55
ISSN: 0021-9967
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: In the cat, callosal connections in area 17 are largely confined to a 5-6-mm-wide strip at the 17/18 border. It is commonly thought that callosal fibers extending from between the 17/18 border regions interconnect loci that are mirror-symmetric with respect to the midline of the brain, but this idea has not been tested experimentally. The present study examined the organization of callosal linkages in the 17/18 border region of normal adult cats by analyzing the patterns of connections revealed in one hemisphere after small injections of different fluorescent tracers into the opposite 17/18 callosal region. The location of the injection sites within areas 17 and 18 was assessed by examining architectonic data and by inspecting the labeling pattern in the ipsilateral visual thalamus. Area 17 and 18 were separated by a 1-1.5-mm-wide zone of cytoarchitectonic transition rather than by a sharp border. The results show that, in general, callosal fibers interconnect loci that are not mirror-symmetric with respect to the midline. Thus, area 17 injections placed nearly 3 mm away from the 17/18 transition zone produced discrete labeled areas located preferentially within the contralateral 17/18 transition zone. However, when the injection site was within the 17/18 transition zone, labeled cells were found primarily medial and lateral to, but not within, the 17/18 transition zone in the contralateral hemisphere. Previous studies have indicated that the 17/18 transition zone contains a representation of a strip of the ipsilateral visual field. Comparison of the retinotopy of the 17/18 border region with the mirror-reversed pattern of callosal linkages found in the present study suggests that callosal fibers link points that are in retinotopic correspondence in both hemispheres.
MESH: Laterality-physiology; Rats-; Retina-physiology; Visual-Fields-physiology
MESH: *Brain-Mapping; *Cats-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Nerve-Fibers-physiology; *Visual-Cortex-physiology; *Visual-Pathways-physiology
TG: Animal; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: EY09343EYNEI
AN: 96429964
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 123 of 280
TI: Agenesis of the corpus callosum [letter]
AU: Catala-M; Lesourd-S
SO: J-Neurosurg. 1997 May; 86(5): 914
ISSN: 0022-3085
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
MESH: Abnormalities-genetics; Triplets-
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities
TG: Human
PT: LETTER
AN: 97272070
UD: 9707
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 124 of 280
TI: Septo-optic dysplasia associated with cerebral cortical dysplasia (cortico-septo-optic dysplasia).
AU: Nuri-Sener-R
AD: Department of Radiology, Ege University Hospital, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
SO: J-Neuroradiol. 1996 Dec; 23(4): 245-7
ISSN: 0150-9861
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: FRANCE
AB: It is generally accepted that there are two subsets of septo-optic dysplasia (deMorsier's syndrome), one with schizencephaly and the other without schizencephaly. A third form of the anomaly which is associated with callosal absence has also been described. Except for schizencephaly, the association of septo-optic dysplasia with another major type of disorder of neuronal migration and organization such as cortical dysplasia, has not yet been reported. We report the MR imaging examination of a 3-year-old patient with bilateral rolandic cortical dysplasia, and with apparent thinning of the optic nerves, and absent septum pellucidum (septo-optic dysplasia) as a new combination. This can be labelled as cortico-septo-optic dysplasia.
MESH: Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Kallmann-Syndrome-diagnosis
MESH: *Frontal-Lobe-abnormalities; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; *Optic-Nerve-abnormalities; *Septum-Pellucidum-abnormalities
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97261082
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 125 of 280
TI: Bilateral, perisylvian and rolandic cortical dysplasia in trisomy 13 syndrome.
AU: Nuri-Sener-R
AD: Department of Radiology, Ege University Hospital, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
SO: J-Neuroradiol. 1996 Dec; 23(4): 231-3
ISSN: 0150-9861
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: FRANCE
AB: In patients with the trisomy 13 syndrome the most commonly encountered brain anomaly is holoprosencephaly, which occurs in approximately 80% of cases. In trisomy 13 patients without holoprosencephaly, previously reported anomalies include callosal dysgenesis, hippocampal hypoplasia, olfactory hypoplasia, and cerebellar dysplastic changes such as vermian hypoplasia and dysplastic cortices. Dysplasia of the cerebral cortex, however, has not been reported before. We describe a newborn with bilateral, dysplastic cortices at the perisylvian and rolandic regions. These dysplastic cortices probably accounted for the clinical findings of seizures, oromotor dysfunction, dystonia flexion contractures in the hands, which were consistent with a recently described syndrome labelled as the "congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome".
MESH: Cerebellum-abnormalities; Contracture-etiology; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Dystonia-etiology; Hand-; Hippocampus-abnormalities; Holoprosencephaly-diagnosis; Holoprosencephaly-pathology; Infant,-Newborn; Infant,-Premature; Mouth-Diseases-etiology; Movement-Disorders-etiology; Olfactory-Pathways-abnormalities; Seizures-etiology; Syndrome-; Trisomy-pathology
MESH: *Chromosomes,-Human,-Pair-13-genetics; *Frontal-Lobe-abnormalities; *Temporal-Lobe-abnormalities; *Trisomy-diagnosis
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97261079
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 126 of 280
TI: [Magnetic resonance imaging of the olfactory pathways in Kallmann de Morsier syndrome]
TO: L'imagerie par resonance magnetique des voies olfactives dans le syndrome de Kallmann de Morsier.
AU: Fuerxer-F; Carlier-R; Iffenecker-C; Schaison-G; Doyon-D
AD: Service de Radiologie, Hopital Raymond Poincare, Garches.
SO: J-Neuroradiol. 1996 Dec; 23(4): 223-30
ISSN: 0150-9861
PY: 1996
LA: FRENCH; NON-ENGLISH
CP: FRANCE
AB: INTRODUCTION: Kallmann syndrome is a disease clinically characterized by the association of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia. Most cases have been recorded among men. It is a genetic disorder with a specific gene location on the X chromosome. The cells that normally express luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone or LHRH fail to migrate the olfactory placode to the forebrain. The lateral projections of the olfactory placode also fail to induce development of the olfactory bulbs and tracts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to compare the MRI appearance of the olfactory sulci, the olfactory bulbs and frontal lobe between groups. The first reference group was composed of 20 subjects and the second group of 18 patients suffering from Kallmann syndrome. For all studies we used a 1.5 T magnet system (Signa GE). We performed two sagittal and coronal T1-weighted sequences in spin echo (TR = 600 ms, TE = 12 ms) with interleaved 3 mm slices and a 14 cm field of view. RESULTS: In the first group, the two olfactory bulbs were always seen on coronal slices just behind the crista galli measuring 2 to 3.2 mm transversally. On sagittal slices, in 60% of the cases two bulbs were seen (3 mm laterally of the pituitary stalk) and in the other 40% only one bulb was seen. The length of the bulb has been measured between 6 and 11 mm. We noticed a plat frontal lobe in 85% of the cases. In the second group the olfactory bulbs were never visible among the 18 patients suffering from Kallmann syndrome. The hypoplasic sulci were hardly visible and their size was less or equal to 1 cm and the frontal lobe was triangular in 80% of the cases. One patient had hypoplasia of corpus callosum. CONCLUSION: MRI is helpful tool to demonstrate abnormalities of the olfactory system which are always present among patients suffering from Kallmann syndrome. MRI can also show, at the same time, a possible associated brain abnormality.
MESH: Adult-; Anosmia-diagnosis; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Cranial-Sinuses-pathology; English-Abstract; Ethmoid-Bone-pathology; Frontal-Lobe-abnormalities; Frontal-Lobe-pathology; Gonadorelin-genetics; Kallmann-Syndrome-genetics; Olfactory-Bulb-abnormalities; Olfactory-Bulb-pathology; Olfactory-Pathways-pathology; Pituitary-Gland-pathology; X-Chromosome-genetics
MESH: *Kallmann-Syndrome-diagnosis; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; *Olfactory-Pathways-abnormalities
TG: Comparative-Study; Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 33515-09-2
NM: Gonadorelin
AN: 97261078
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 127 of 280
TI: Magnetic resonance imaging using FLAIR pulse sequence in white matter diseases.
AU: Tourbah-A; Deschamps-R; Stievenart-JL; Lopez-A; Iba-Zizen-MT; Lyon-Caen-O; Cabanis-EA
AD: Service de Neuroradiologie, Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des XV-XX, Paris, France.
SO: J-Neuroradiol. 1996 Dec; 23(4): 217-22
ISSN: 0150-9861
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: FRANCE
AB: Fifty six patients among whom 39 had white matter diseases had MRI of the brain comparing FLAIR sequence to a conventional proton density sequence. Flair sequence allowed to detect 18 additional hypersignal (HS) that were not present on T2 sequence. These HS were located in the periventricular areas for 5 of them, near the cortical sulci in 10, and in the centrum semi-ovale for 3. FLAIR sequence permitted analyze 41 other lesions that were not obvious on proton density sequences. Thirty five of them were thus confirmed to be HS : 31 in the paracortical areas, 3 in the paraventricular regions and one in the internal capsule, whereas the remaining 6 were normal sulci of the brain. FLAIR sequence increases the sensitivity of MRI in white matter diseases.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Antiphospholipid-Syndrome-diagnosis; Cerebral-Cortex-pathology; Cerebral-Ventricles-pathology; Cerebrovascular-Disorders-diagnosis; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Graves'-Disease-diagnosis; Lupus-Erythematosus,-Systemic-diagnosis; Middle-Age; Multiple-Sclerosis-diagnosis; Optic-Neuritis-diagnosis; Paraparesis,-Tropical-Spastic-diagnosis
MESH: *Brain-Diseases-diagnosis; *Image-Enhancement-methods; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-methods
TG: Comparative-Study; Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97261077
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 128 of 280
TI: Corpus callosum axons in the developing visual cortex of the gerbil revealed by DiI and Fluorogold.
AU: Hilbig-H; Meier-M; Winkelmann-E
AD: Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University.
SO: J-Hirnforsch. 1997; 38(1): 119-23
ISSN: 0021-8359
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: The distribution of commissural neurons and terminals was revealed by DiI and Fluorogold injections in gerbils. The distribution of corpus callosum projections in visual cortical areas changes significantly during postnatal development of the gerbil. On postnatal days 5, 8 and 10, the animals do not show callosal projections. Widespread callosal endings are developed by postnatal day 15. This diffuse projection concentrates in strips at the border of area 17/18A in adult animals (postnatal day 20 and older).
MESH: Axons-physiology; Carbocyanines-; Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; Fluorescent-Dyes; Gerbillinae-; Mice-; Nerve-Endings-physiology; Nerve-Endings-ultrastructure; Species-Specificity; Visual-Cortex-growth-and-development
MESH: *Aging-physiology; *Axons-ultrastructure; *Corpus-Callosum-ultrastructure; *Visual-Cortex-ultrastructure
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 40957-95-7; 82785-14-6
NM: Carbocyanines; Fluorescent-Dyes; 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine; fluoro-gold
AN: 97213158
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 129 of 280
TI: Comparison of the distribution of parvalbumin-immunoreactive and other synapses onto the somata of callosal projection neurons in mouse visual and somatosensory cortex.
AU: Czeiger-D; White-EL
AD: Department of Morphology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
SO: J-Comp-Neurol. 1997 Mar 10; 379(2): 198-210
ISSN: 0021-9967
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The distribution of synapses made by parvalbumin-immunoreactive (pv-ir) and nonimmunoreactive terminals was determined for the cell bodies of callosal projection neurons in the somatosensory and visual areas of mouse cerebral cortex. Callosal neurons were labeled by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase applied to the contralateral hemisphere. The surface areas of somata belonging to callosal cells in somatosensory cortex ranged from 230 to 243 microm2 in size and received roughly one-third of their synapses from pv-ir terminals. Visual cortex, in contrast, contained two populations of callosal cell bodies: relatively large ones ranging in size from 255 to 279 microm2 that received 3-9% of their synapses from pv-ir terminals and smaller cell bodies that both in size (232-237 microm2) and in the proportion of synapses received from pv-ir terminals resemble the callosal cells examined in somatosensory cortex. That different functional areas of the cortex have populations of callosal cells similar in size, and displaying similar patterns of somatic synapses, supports the notion that a common plan of synaptic connectivity characterizes different functional areas. Results in visual cortex indicate that functional areas contain, in addition, area-specific patterns of synapses.
MESH: Antibody-Specificity; Corpus-Callosum-chemistry; Horseradish-Peroxidase-diagnostic-use; Mice-; Microscopy,-Electron; Microscopy,-Video; Neurons-chemistry; Neurons-ultrastructure; Parvalbumins-analysis; Presynaptic-Terminals-chemistry; Somatosensory-Cortex-chemistry; Synapses-chemistry; Synapses-ultrastructure; Visual-Cortex-chemistry
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-cytology; *Mice,-Inbred-Strains-physiology; *Parvalbumins-immunology; *Somatosensory-Cortex-cytology; *Visual-Cortex-cytology
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: EC 1.11.1.-; 0
NM: Horseradish-Peroxidase; Parvalbumins
AN: 97203067
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 130 of 280
TI: Cortical connections of areas V3 and VP of macaque monkey extrastriate visual cortex.
AU: Felleman-DJ; Burkhalter-A; Van-Essen-DC
AD: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA. felleman@nbal9.med.uth.tmc.edu
SO: J-Comp-Neurol. 1997 Mar 3; 379(1): 21-47
ISSN: 0021-9967
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The cortical connections of visual area 3 (V3) and the ventral posterior area (VP) in the macaque monkey were studied by using combinations of retrograde and anterograde tracers. Tracer injections were made into V3 or VP following electrophysiological recording in and near the target area. The pattern of ipsilateral cortical connections was analyzed in relation to the pattern of interhemispheric connections identified after transection of the corpus callosum. Both V3 and VP have major connections with areas V2, V3A, posterior intraparietal area (PIP), V4, middle temporal area (MT), medial superior temporal area (dorsal) (MSTd), and ventral intraparietal area (VIP). Their connections differ in several respects. Specifically, V3 has connections with areas V1 and V4 transitional area (V4t) that are absent for VP; VP has connections with areas ventral occipitotemporal area (VOT), dorsal prelunate area (DP), and visually responsive portion of temporal visual area F (VTF) that are absent or occur only rarely for V3. The laminar pattern of labelled terminals and retrogradely labeled cell bodies allowed assessment of the hierarchical relationships between areas V3 and VP and their various targets. Areas V1 and V2 are at a lower level than V3 and VP; all of the remaining areas are at a higher level. V3 receives major inputs from layer 4B of V1, suggesting an association with the magnocellular-dominated processing stream and a role in routing magnocellular-dominated information along pathways leading to both parietal and temporal lobes. The convergence and divergence of pathways involving V3 and VP underscores the distributed nature of hierarchical processing in the visual system.
MESH: Brain-Mapping; Cerebral-Cortex-physiology; Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; Corpus-Callosum-physiology; Histocytochemistry-; Horseradish-Peroxidase; Macaca-fascicularis; Proline-metabolism; Silver-Staining; Visual-Cortex-physiology; Visual-Pathways-anatomy-and-histology
MESH: *Cerebral-Cortex-anatomy-and-histology; *Visual-Cortex-anatomy-and-histology; *Visual-Pathways-physiology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: EY02091EYNEI; EY08372EYNEI
RN: EC 1.11.1.-; 147-85-3
NM: Horseradish-Peroxidase; Proline
AN: 97209936
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 131 of 280
TI: Does cognition in the disconnected right hemisphere require right hemisphere possession of language?
AU: Bogen-JE
AD: USC, USA.
SO: Brain-Lang. 1997 Mar; 57(1): 12-21
ISSN: 0093-934X
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: It has been asserted at times that the human right hemisphere is cognitively inferior to that of a chimpanzee or even a monkey. Related is the even stronger claim that human consciousness, as well as cognition, requires language. These claims are discussed, and counterexamples are presented from both split-brain subjects and patients hemispherectomized in adulthood after customary development as righthanders.
MESH: *Brain-physiopathology; *Brain-surgery; *Cognition-Disorders-physiopathology; *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Language-; *Laterality-
TG: Human; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
CN: NS20187NSNINDS
AN: 97271453
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 132 of 280
TI: Comparative study of brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with low-tension glaucoma and control subjects.
AU: Ong-K; Farinelli-A; Billson-F; Houang-M; Stern-M
AD: Glaucoma Unit, Sydney Eye Hospital, Australia.
SO: Ophthalmology. 1995 Nov; 102(11): 1632-8
ISSN: 0161-6420
PY: 1995
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: PURPOSE: To evaluate the presence of central nervous system degeneration in patients with low-tension glaucoma using magnetic resonance imaging. METHOD: Ten patients with low-tension glaucoma and ten age-matched control subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Cortical atrophy and cerebral infarcts were graded from "0" (normal) to "3," which was done subjectively by two neuroradiologists independently in a masked fashion. Midsagittal corpus callosum section was evaluated by measuring the thickness and cross-sectional area. RESULTS: There was a significantly greater extent of cerebral infarcts in the patients with low-tension glaucoma (P = 0.02). The thickness of the body (P = 0.03) and genu (P = 0.04) of the corpus callosum were thinner in the patients with low-tension glaucoma. The corpus callosum cross-sectional area was smaller in the low-tension glaucoma group (P = 0.04). There were no significant differences in the other parameters in this study. CONCLUSION: This study suggests a greater extent of cerebral infarcts and corpus callosum atrophy in patients with low-tension glaucoma. This may imply a greater degree of neuronal degeneration, possibly on an ischemic basis in low-tension glaucoma.
MESH: Aged-; Aged,-80-and-over; Cerebral-Infarction-complications; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Intraocular-Pressure; Middle-Age; Prevalence-; Visual-Acuity
MESH: *Brain-pathology; *Cerebral-Infarction-diagnosis; *Glaucoma-complications; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
TG: Comparative-Study; Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97252797
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 133 of 280
TI: Evaluation of the corpus callosum in clumsy children born prematurely: a functional and morphological study.
AU: Mercuri-E; Jongmans-M; Henderson-S; Pennock-J; Chung-YL; de-Vries-L; Dubowitz-L
AD: Department of Paediatrics, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, University of London.
SO: Neuropediatrics. 1996 Dec; 27(6): 317-22
ISSN: 0174-304X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of functional and neuroradiological abnormalities of the corpus callosum in a group of 21 prematurely born children (GA < 34 weeks) who were found to be "clumsy" on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children at 6 years of age. All children underwent functional and morphological assessment of the corpus callosum. The functional assessment included tests of somesthesis, diadochokinesis and repetitive finger tapping. The morphology of the corpus callosum was evaluated on midsagittal MRI. Thirteen of the 21 clumsy children showed morphological abnormalities which were significantly associated with functional abnormalities. Morphological changes of the corpus callosum were also significantly associated with lesions on both neonatal ultrasound and late MRI. Our results support the view that morphological abnormalities of the corpus callosum are frequent in children born prematurely. The association between these abnormalities and lesions on US or MRI suggests that they are likely to be secondary to pre- or perinatal lesions.
MESH: Child-; Echoencephalography-; Infant,-Newborn; Infant,-Premature; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Psychomotor-Disorders-diagnosis
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97202531
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 134 of 280
TI: Five novel mutations in the L1CAM gene in families with X linked hydrocephalus.
AU: Gu-SM; Orth-U; Veske-A; Enders-H; Klunder-K; Schlosser-M; Engel-W; Schwinger-E; Gal-A
AD: Institut fur Humangenetik, Medizinische Universitat zu Lubeck, Germany.
SO: J-Med-Genet. 1996 Feb; 33(2): 103-6
ISSN: 0022-2593
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Five novel mutations have been identified in the gene encoding L1CAM, a neural cell adhesion protein, in families with X linked hydrocephalus (XHC). Interestingly, all five mutations are in the evolutionarily highly conserved Ig-like domains of the protein. The two frameshift mutations (52insC and 955delG) and the nonsense mutation (Trp276Ter) most probably result in functional null alleles and complete absence of L1CAM at the cell surface. The two missense mutations (Tyr194Cys and Pro240Leu) may considerably alter the structure of the L1CAM protein. These data provide convincing evidence that XHC is genetically extremely heterogeneous.
MESH: Alleles-; Amino-Acid-Sequence; Base-Sequence; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; DNA-Mutational-Analysis; Fetal-Diseases-genetics; Fetal-Diseases-ultrasonography; Frameshift-Mutation; Genes,-Structural; Hydrocephalus-embryology; Hydrocephalus-ultrasonography; Infant,-Newborn; Mental-Retardation-etiology; Molecular-Sequence-Data; Pedigree-; Point-Mutation; Polymorphism,-Single-Stranded-Conformational; Pregnancy-; Thalamus-abnormalities; Thumb-abnormalities; Ultrasonography,-Prenatal
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-genetics; *Hydrocephalus-genetics; *Mutation-; *NCAM-genetics; *X-Chromosome-genetics
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0
NM: L1-antigen; NCAM
AN: 97083370
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 135 of 280
TI: Differentiation and death of premyelinating oligodendrocytes in developing rodent brain.
AU: Trapp-BD; Nishiyama-A; Cheng-D; Macklin-W
AD: Department of Neurosciences, Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
SO: J-Cell-Biol. 1997 Apr 21; 137(2): 459-68
ISSN: 0021-9525
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Previous studies have indicated that newly formed oligodendrocytes are dynamic cells whose production, survival, and differentiation depend upon axonal influences. This study has characterized the appearance and fate of newly formed oligodendrocytes in developing rat brain. Oligodendrocytes appear in predictable locations and radially extend DM-20-positive processes that cover 80-microm domains in the cortex and 40-microm domains in the corpus callosum. These premyelinating oligodendrocytes have one of two fates: they myelinate axons or degenerate. Between 7 and 21 d after birth, approximately 20% of premyelinating oligodendrocytes identified in the cerebral cortex were degenerating. Oligodendrocytes that ensheathed axons expressed and selectively targeted proteolipid protein to compact myelin and did not degenerate. These observations support the hypothesis that axonal influences affect oligodendrocyte survival, differentiation, and expression of proteolipid protein gene products.
MESH: Axons-metabolism; Brain-growth-and-development; Cell-Death; Cell-Differentiation; Cerebral-Cortex-chemistry; Cerebral-Cortex-cytology; Chromatin-chemistry; Corpus-Callosum-chemistry; Corpus-Callosum-cytology; Oligodendroglia-metabolism; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley
MESH: *Brain-cytology; *Myelin-Proteolipid-Protein-analysis; *Oligodendroglia-cytology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: NS29818NSNINDS; NS25304NSNINDS
RN: 0; 0; 0
NM: Chromatin; DM-20-proteolipid-(brain); Myelin-Proteolipid-Protein
AN: 97274107
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 136 of 280
TI: [Five hundred years of facts, theories and hypotheses on cerebral integration: some examples]
TO: Cent cinquante ans de faits, de theories et d'hypotheses sur l'integration cerebrale: quelques exemples.
AU: Buser-P
AD: Institut des Neurosciences, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
SO: Clio-Med. 1995; 33: 13-33
ISSN: 0045-7183
PY: 1995
LA: FRENCH; NON-ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
MESH: Corpus-Callosum-physiology; Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; History-of-Medicine,-19th-Cent.; History-of-Medicine,-20th-Cent.; Sensation-physiology
MESH: *Brain-physiology; *Neuroanatomy-history; *Neurophysiology-history
TG: Human
PT: HISTORICAL-ARTICLE; JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97214855
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 137 of 280
TI: Changes of inhibitory interneurons during transcallosal stimulations.
AU: Liepert-J; Tegenthoff-M; Malin-JP
AD: Department of Neurology, Ruhr University Bochum, BG-Kliniken Bergmannsheil Bochum, Federal Republic of Germany.
SO: J-Neural-Transm. 1996; 103(8-9): 917-24
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: AUSTRIA
AB: The present study was performed in order to determine the influence of ipsilateral transcranial magnetic stimulations (TMS) on the silent period evoked by contralateral cortical stimulations. Ipsilateral TMS preceded the contralateral magnetic or electrical cortex stimulation by 0-50 ms. In all subjects, the duration of the silent period was decreased in interstimulus intervals of 20-30 ms when using magnetic ipsi- and contralateral stimuli. No change in the silent period was seen with ipsilateral magnetic and contralateral electrical stimulations. Decreases of motor evoked potential amplitudes were an inconsistent phenomenon. The results indicate that ipsilateral TMS in activate inhibitory cortical interneurons, probably via transcallosal pathways. Different time courses and different degrees of inhibition indicate that motor excitation and inhibition may be mediated by different neuronal circuits.
MESH: Adult-; Electric-Stimulation; Evoked-Potentials,-Motor-physiology; Laterality-physiology; Reference-Values
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Interneurons-physiology; *Magnetics-
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97165624
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 138 of 280
TI: [When should the pre-operative study of epileptic patients be carried out?]
TO: Cuando es oportuno efectuar el estudio prequirurgico de los pacientes con epilepsia?
AU: Sola-RG
AD: Unidad de Cirugia de la Epilepsia, Hospital de la Princesa, Hospital de Madrid, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Espana.
SO: Rev-Neurol. 1997 Mar; 25(139): 379-85
ISSN: 0210-0010
PY: 1997
LA: SPANISH; NON-ENGLISH
CP: SPAIN
AB: There is great controversy as to the best moment for the preoperative study of patients with intractable epilepsy. In this study we attempt to give an answer to this question based on a review of the literature and personal experience. First various problems are analyzed: the epilepsy-lesion relationship; kinds of treatment and types of epilepsy: the concept of curative or palliative surgery, surgical syndromes, how long epilepsy has been present and the age of the patient at the time of operation. With these factors in mind we attempt to analyze the clinical situations and determine in each cases the optimum time to carry out any possible surgical treatment as a complement or 'part' of the medical treatment of these patients as a whole.
MESH: Age-Factors; Brain-physiopathology; English-Abstract; Epilepsy-physiopathology; Palliative-Care
MESH: *Brain-surgery; *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Epilepsy-surgery
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
AN: 97229330
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 139 of 280
TI: Adult nestin-expressing subependymal cells differentiate to astrocytes in response to brain injury.
AU: Holmin-S; Almqvist-P; Lendahl-U; Mathiesen-T
AD: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Medical Nobel Institute, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
SO: Eur-J-Neurosci. 1997 Jan; 9(1): 65-75
ISSN: 0953-816X
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: The adult brain contains a small population of central nervous system (CNS) cells in the subependyma which, like embryonic CNS progenitor cells, express the intermediate filament nestin. In this report, the differentiation capacity in vivo of these cells was analysed following a standardized trauma. Before the trauma, the subependymal cells expressed nestin but not the astrocytic and neuronal differentiation markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament respectively. In response to injury, the majority of the subependymal cells coexpressed nestin and GFAP, but never nestin and neurofilament. Furthermore, cells coexpressing nestin and GFAP were found progressively further away from the subependyma and closer to the lesion at later time points after the injury, indicating that these cells migrate towards the lesion. Nestin was in addition re-expressed in reactive astrocytes near the lesion and in non-reactive astrocytes very far from the lesion throughout the ipsilateral cortex. In conclusion, our data indicate that the nestin-positive subependymal cells are an in vivo source for the generation of new astrocytes but not neurons after injury, and that nestin re-expression in astrocytes following traumatic stimuli can be used as a sensitive marker for astroglial activation.
MESH: Cell-Differentiation-physiology; Cerebral-Cortex-metabolism; Cerebral-Cortex-pathology; Corpus-Callosum-metabolism; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein-biosynthesis; Hippocampus-metabolism; Hippocampus-pathology; Immunohistochemistry-; Neurofilament-Proteins-biosynthesis; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley
MESH: *Astrocytes-physiology; *Brain-Injuries-pathology; *Ependyma-metabolism; *Ependyma-pathology; *Intermediate-Filament-Proteins-biosynthesis
TG: Animal; Female; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0
NM: nestin-protein; Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein; Intermediate-Filament-Proteins; Neurofilament-Proteins
AN: 97195163
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 140 of 280
TI: Unsuccessful use of binaural amplification by an elderly person.
AU: Chmiel-R; Jerger-J; Murphy-E; Pirozzolo-F; Tooley-Young-C
AD: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
SO: J-Am-Acad-Audiol. 1997 Feb; 8(1): 1-10
ISSN: 1050-0545
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: CANADA
AB: An elderly person who preferred and performed better with monaural than with binaural amplification was extensively studied, both audiologically and neuropsychologically, in search of an explanation for the phenomenon. Particular emphasis was placed on the study of dichotic speech perception, both behaviorally and electrophysiologically. Results suggest that age-related changes in interhemispheric transfer of auditory input via corpus callosum may underlie the preference for monaural amplification. Implications for the evaluation of amplification potential in elderly persons are discussed.
MESH: Age-Factors; Aged-; Audiometry,-Pure-Tone; Brain-Mapping; Corpus-Callosum-physiology; Dichotic-Listening-Tests; Evoked-Potentials,-Auditory; Hearing-Disorders-diagnosis; Neuropsychological-Tests
MESH: *Aging-; *Hearing-Aids; *Hearing-Disorders-rehabilitation
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: AG08958AGNIA
AN: 97197922
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 141 of 280
TI: The corpus callosum and lateral ventricles in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a brain magnetic resonance imaging study.
AU: Lyoo-IK; Noam-GG; Lee-CK; Lee-HK; Kennedy-BP; Renshaw-PF
AD: McLean Hospital Brain Imaging Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
SO: Biol-Psychiatry. 1996 Nov 15; 40(10): 1060-3
ISSN: 0006-3223
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
MESH: Adolescence-; Child-; Intelligence-Tests; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
MESH: *Attention-Deficit-Disorder-with-Hyperactivity-pathology; *Cerebral-Ventricles-pathology; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97072802
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 142 of 280
TI: One or many arousal systems? Reflections on some of Giuseppe Moruzzi's foresights and insights about the intrinsic regulation of brain activity.
AU: Berlucchi-G
AD: Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, Universita di Verona, Italy.
SO: Arch-Ital-Biol. 1997 Jan; 135(1): 5-14
ISSN: 0003-9829
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: Soon after the birth of the hypothesis of the ascending brainstem activating system, Giuseppe Moruzzi considered the possibility that a fractionated and differentiated arousing action of the reticular formation is required for effective behavior and cognition. Current knowledge about the chemically tagged brainstem systems which project diffusely to thalamus, neocortex and limbic structures has justified the assumption of the existence of multiple arousal systems. Combined changes in the activities of these systems are responsible for the sleep-wake cycle and the modulation of the reactivity of the brain to environmental inputs. There remains the physiological problem--one which has always been foremost in Moruzzi's thinking about the intrinsic regulation of brain activity--of how the separate actions of the different arousal systems are brought together into a functional whole. This problem still awaits experimental answers.
MESH: Brain-Stem-physiology; Corpus-Callosum-physiology; History-of-Medicine,-20th-Cent.; Homeostasis-; Italy-
MESH: *Arousal-; *Brain-physiology; *Neurobiology-history
TG: Animal; Human; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: BIOGRAPHY; HISTORICAL-ARTICLE; JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
PS: Moruzzi-G
AN: 97205704
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 143 of 280
TI: Agenesis of the corpus callosum in a mother and son.
AU: Inbar-D; Halpern-GJ; Weitz-R; Sadeh-M; Shohat-M
AD: Child Development Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tiqva.
SO: Am-J-Med-Genet. 1997 Mar 17; 69(2): 152-4
ISSN: 0148-7299
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Most reported familial cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum have followed either an autosomal recessive or an X-linked recessive pattern of inheritance. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one previous report of a family showing clear-cut autosomal dominant inheritance. We present the second such family, among whom a mother and her son had moderately severe coordination problems and low-normal intelligence. We suggest that agenesis of the corpus callosum, when transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, is clinically characterized by a relatively milder phenotype than that occurring when inheritance is either autosomal or X-linked recessive and may be more common than has been thought.
MESH: Adult-; Child,-Preschool; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Phenotype-
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Genes,-Dominant
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97209251
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 144 of 280
TI: Bilateral persistent trigeminal arteries associated with cerebral aneurysms and aortic arch vessel anomaly.
AU: Alleyne-CH Jr; Krisht-A; Yoo-FK; Silverstein-A; Colohan-AR
AD: Department of Neurological Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga, USA.
SO: South-Med-J. 1997 Apr; 90(4): 434-8
ISSN: 0038-4348
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: We present the case of a patient with headache who, on computed tomography, was found to have subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiography revealed bilateral persistent trigeminal arteries, anterior communicating artery and left pericallosal artery aneurysms, and an absent left vertebral artery. An anomalous right subclavian artery, originating at a common trunk with the left subclavian artery, was also present. To our knowledge, this is the fifth case of bilateral persistent trigeminal arteries and the sixth case of bilateral persistent carotid-basilar anastomosis of any type reported in the literature. A mechanism for the pathogenesis of multiple cerebrovascular anomalies is briefly discussed.
MESH: Aorta,-Thoracic-radiography; Arteries-abnormalities; Basilar-Artery-abnormalities; Carotid-Arteries-abnormalities; Cerebral-Arteriovenous-Malformations-radiography; Middle-Age
MESH: *Aorta,-Thoracic-abnormalities; *Cerebral-Aneurysm-radiography; *Cerebral-Arteriovenous-Malformations; *Corpus-Callosum-blood-supply; *Trigeminal-Nerve-blood-supply
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW-OF-REPORTED-CASES
AN: 97269941
UD: 9707
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 145 of 280
TI: Retarded formation of the hippocampal commissure in embryos from mouse strains lacking a corpus callosum.
AU: Livy-DJ; Wahlsten-D
AD: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
SO: Hippocampus. 1997; 7(1): 2-14
ISSN: 1050-9631
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: A precise description of the timing and route traveled by axons traversing the telencephalic midline through the ventral hippocampal commissure (HC) is essential for understanding the role it plays in the formation of the corpus callosum (CC). A normal baseline of HC development was described in B6D2F2 hybrid mice and then compared with two inbred strains of mice displaying callosal agenesis, BALB/cWah1 (50% CC defect) and 129/J (70% CC defect), their F2 hybrid (C129F2-33% CC defect), and a recombinant inbred strain (RI-1-100% CC defect) derived from pairs of C129F2 mice. Embryos weighing from 0.25 g to 0.70 g (E14.5-E17) were collected and fixed by perfusion. Axon tracts were labeled using crystals of the lipophilic dyes DiI and DiA inserted into the hippocampal fimbria and cerebral cortex. HC axons in B6D2F2 mice first cross the midline at about 0.350 g body weight (E14.8) by traveling over the dorsal septum and along the pia membrane lining the longitudinal fissure. Earlier crossing was prevented by the presence of a deep cleft formed by the longitudinal fissure extending down into the septal region. Subsequent axons fasciculated along existing axons, gradually building the dorsoventral height of the HC to about 200 microns by 0.600 g. The earliest callosal axons from frontal cortex crossed the midline at 0.620 g and were clearly seen fasciculating along and between existing hippocampal axons at the dorsal surface of the HC as they crossed. In the acallosal strains, HC formation was delayed by the continued presence of the cleft deep in the septal region. This delay in time of crossing was correlated with later CC defect expression. Initial HC crossing occurred at about 0.470 g (E16.25) in BALB mice and about 0.520 g (E16.5) in 129 mice. In the RI-1 embryos, first HC crossing was estimated at about 0.750 g (E17.5), although several older embryos showed no crossing. These results show the importance of the HC for successful CC formation and suggest that absent CC arises as a consequence of a developmental defect which affects the formation of the hippocampal commissure prior to arrival of CC axons at midplane.
MESH: Axons-physiology; Body-Weight; Crosses,-Genetic; Fetal-Development; Gestational-Age; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-BALB-C; Mice,-Inbred-DBA; Mice,-Inbred-Strains; Mice,-Neurologic-Mutants
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Corpus-Callosum-embryology; *Hippocampus-abnormalities; *Hippocampus-embryology
TG: Animal; Female; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97205940
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 146 of 280
TI: Tetrasomy 5p mosaicism due to an extra i(5p) in a severely affected girl.
AU: Lorda-Sanchez-I; Villa-A; Urioste-M; Bernal-E; Jaso-E; Garcia-A; Martinez-Frias-ML
AD: Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
SO: Am-J-Med-Genet. 1997 Feb 11; 68(4): 481-4
ISSN: 0148-7299
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: We present a case of mosaic 5p tetrasomy. The mosaicism 46,XX/47,XX,+i(5p) was found at different ratios in blood lymphocytes, skin fibroblasts, and chondrocytes. The origin of the extra isochromosome was confirmed by FISH. The clinical picture corresponds to that described in trisomy 5p patients, although it was more severe than the two previously reported cases of mosaic 5p tetrasomy. No correlation between clinical severity and proportion of tetrasomic cells in blood or fibroblasts was found in these cases.
MESH: Adult-; Brain-abnormalities; Brain-pathology; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Face-abnormalities; Infant-; Infant,-Newborn; Lipoma-pathology; Neck-abnormalities; Pregnancy-; Thorax-abnormalities
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-genetics; *Chromosomes,-Human,-Pair-5; *Mosaicism-
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW-OF-REPORTED-CASES
AN: 97173158
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 147 of 280
TI: The neuroimaging findings in Sotos syndrome.
AU: Schaefer-GB; Bodensteiner-JB; Buehler-BA; Lin-A; Cole-TR
AD: Meyer Rehabilitation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska, Omaha 68198-5430, USA.
SO: Am-J-Med-Genet. 1997 Feb 11; 68(4): 462-5
ISSN: 0148-7299
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: We reviewed the neuroimaging studies of 40 patients with classic Sotos syndrome. The studies consisted of CT scans only in 4 patients and one or more MRI scans in 36 patients. The diagnosis of Sotos syndrome was made using well-established clinical criteria. The neuroimaging studies of each patient were evaluated subjectively by visual inspection and the chief findings were tabulated and grouped into five categories: 1) ventricular abnormalities, 2) extracerebral fluid spaces, 3) midline abnormalities, 4) migrational abnormalities, and 5) others. The most common abnormality of the cerebral ventricles was prominence of the trigone (90%), followed by prominence of the occipital horns (75%) and ventriculomegaly (63%). The supratentorial extracerebral fluid spaces were increased for age in 70% of the patients and the fluid spaces in the posterior fossa were increased in 70% also. A variety of midline abnormalities were noted but anomalies of the corpus callosum were almost universal. Gray matter heterotopias occurred in only 3 (8%) of 36 patients. Periventricular leukomalacia, presumably the result of prenatal or perinatal difficulties and unrelated to the basic condition, was the most common of the miscellaneous other abnormalities noted. The neuroimaging findings of Sotos syndrome are distinct enough to allow differentiation of this syndrome from other mental retardation syndromes with macrocephaly.
MESH: Cerebral-Ventricles-abnormalities; Cerebral-Ventricles-pathology; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Growth-Disorders-diagnosis; Growth-Disorders-genetics; Head-abnormalities; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Mental-Retardation-genetics; Syndrome-
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-genetics; *Abnormalities,-Multiple-pathology; *Brain-pathology
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97173154
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 148 of 280
TI: Diaphragmatic hernia-exomphalos-hypertelorism syndrome: a new case and further evidence of autosomal recessive inheritance.
AU: Gripp-KW; Donnai-D; Clericuzio-CL; McDonald-McGinn-DM; Guttenberg-M; Zackai-EH
AD: Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
SO: Am-J-Med-Genet. 1997 Feb 11; 68(4): 441-4
ISSN: 0148-7299
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: We describe a male patient with wide anterior fontanel and metopic suture, hypertelorism, down slanting palpebral fissures, bilateral iris coloboma, omphalocele, and bilateral absence of the diaphragm with herniation of abdominal organs causing pulmonary hypoplasia and death. Autopsy also showed intestinal malrotation. All findings in this case are consistent with those described as a newly recognized syndrome by Donnai and Barrow [1993]. Since the parents are first cousins, this case provides further evidence for the previously postulated autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Follow-up on the patients and families reported by Donnai and Barrow [1993] also supports autosomal recessive inheritance.
MESH: Adult-; Coloboma-genetics; Consanguinity-; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Diaphragm-abnormalities; Diaphragm-pathology; Face-abnormalities; Infant,-Newborn; Pregnancy-; Spleen-abnormalities; Spleen-pathology; Syndrome-; Uterus-abnormalities; Uterus-pathology
MESH: *Genes,-Recessive; *Hernia,-Diaphragmatic-genetics; *Hernia,-Umbilical-genetics; *Hypertelorism-genetics
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97173150
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 149 of 280
TI: Ritscher-Schinzel (3C) syndrome: documentation of the phenotype.
AU: Kosaki-K; Curry-CJ; Roeder-E; Jones-KL
AD: Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 92103-8446, USA.
SO: Am-J-Med-Genet. 1997 Feb 11; 68(4): 421-7
ISSN: 0148-7299
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome or 3C (craniocerebello-cardiac) syndrome is characterized by cardiac defects, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, and cranial defects. Nineteen cases were reported previously; however, the full spectrum of this disorder has not been determined. We have evaluated two unrelated males with this condition. Both had defects of the endocardial cushion and vermis hypoplasia with hypotonia. In addition, both had hypospadias, a previously undescribed finding of this disorders. Review of the previously reported cases and those described herein demonstrate: 1) Although varying degrees of vermis hypoplasia are accompanied by hypotonia, delayed gross motor function improves with advancing age leaving speech delay as the major neurodevelopmental handicap. 2) Two different types of cardiac anomalies occur: defects of the endocardial cushion ranging from anomalies of the mitral or tricuspid valves to complete AV canal, and/or conotruncal defects. 3) Postnatal growth deficiency was seen in most patients in whom longitudinal information was available. In our review of patients with vermis hypoplasia we ascertained a patient diagnosed as having "Joubert syndrome" who had most findings of the Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome and several other patients with "Dandy-Walker syndrome" who likely have had Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome, suggesting that Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome is more common than has been appreciated. Careful search for the subtle facial changes characteristic of this disorder as well as coloboma, cleft palate/bifid uvula, short neck, syndactyly, and hypoplasia of the nails is warranted when evaluating children with Dandy-Walker malformation with or without clinical signs of Joubert syndrome.
MESH: Adult-; Cerebellum-pathology; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Dandy-Walker-Syndrome-genetics; Developmental-Disabilities-genetics; Face-abnormalities; Heart-Defects,-Congenital-surgery; Heart-Septal-Defects,-Atrial-genetics; Infant-; Infant,-Newborn; Nipples-abnormalities; Phenotype-; Pregnancy-
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-genetics; *Cerebellum-abnormalities; *Heart-Defects,-Congenital-genetics
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW-OF-REPORTED-CASES
AN: 97173147
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 150 of 280
TI: Blastogenesis dominant 1: a sequence with midline anomalies and heterotaxy.
AU: de-Meeus-A; Sarda-P; Tenconi-R; Ferriere-M; Bouvagnet-P
AD: CRBM, CNRS UPR 9008, Montpellier, France.
SO: Am-J-Med-Genet. 1997 Feb 11; 68(4): 405-8
ISSN: 0148-7299
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Lateralization defect is a heterogeneous condition with different modes of transmission (autosomal recessive, dominant or X-linked). Here, we report on 3 additional families that contribute to the description of phenotypic anomalies of the autosomal dominant type. Phenotypic anomalies include: lateralization defects, cardiac malformations, diaphragmatic hernia, urologic and neurologic anomalies. We suggest calling this sequence BGD1 for blastogenesis dominant 1 because the deleterious effect probably occurs during blastogenesis and involves not only lateralization but other defects as well.
MESH: Adult-; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Eye-pathology; Heart-Defects,-Congenital-genetics; Heart-Defects,-Congenital-ultrasonography; Infant,-Newborn; Intestines-abnormalities; Intestines-pathology; Kidney-abnormalities; Kidney-pathology; Pedigree-; Prenatal-Diagnosis; Urogenital-System-abnormalities; Urogenital-System-pathology
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-genetics; *Blastocyst-physiology; *Fetal-Development-genetics; *Genes,-Dominant
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97173143
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 151 of 280
TI: Quantitative cerebral MRI in epileptic patients.
AU: Bekkelund-SI; Pierre-Jerome-C; Mellgren-SI
AD: Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Tromso, Norway.
SO: Acta-Neurol-Scand. 1996 Dec; 94(6): 378-82
ISSN: 0001-6314
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: DENMARK
AB: OBJECTIVES: To determine cerebral atrophy parameters on MRI images of epileptic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Examination of the brain was performed in a 0.5 Tesla magnet in 32 women with epilepsy and 36 female healthy controls. Fifteen patients were classified to have generalised epilepsy and 17 had partial seizure onset. Epileptic patients with structural brain changes were excluded. At midsagittal level the area of corpus callosum, cerebrum and cerebellum were selected as atrophy parameters. At transverse level the ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) as a measure of overall cerebral atrophy, bifrontal ratio (BFR) reflecting atrophy in the area of the frontal horns, bicaudate ratio (BCR) and bioccipital ratio (BOR) were calculated to evaluate atrophy in the region of nucleus caudatus as well as in the occipital area. RESULTS: The mean values of VBR were significantly larger in the two epileptic groups than in controls, p = 0.0003. No significant difference in mean VBR were found between focal and generalised seizure onset epilepsy. Also significant decreased cerebellar area on midsagittal section was detected in epileptic patients with partial onset epilepsy compared with controls, p = 0.037. Atrophy was not associated with type and duration of epilepsy, but VBR and age were positively associated in patients with generalised onset seizures. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest general brain atrophy to be present in epileptic patients including those with partial epilepsy. Whether atrophy in epileptic patients occurs as a consequence of disease-related factors like hypoxia or treatment with antiepileptic drugs has to be investigated in a prospectively designed study.
MESH: Adult-; Atrophy-; Caudate-Nucleus-pathology; Cerebellum-pathology; Cerebral-Ventricles-pathology; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Epilepsy,-Generalized-diagnosis; Epilepsy,-Partial-diagnosis; Frontal-Lobe-pathology; Image-Processing,-Computer-Assisted; Middle-Age; Reference-Values
MESH: *Brain-pathology; *Epilepsy-diagnosis; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-methods
TG: Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97169464
UD: 9707
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 152 of 280
TI: A chronological study of the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and calbindin-D28 k by reactive astrocytes in the electrically lesioned rat brain.
AU: Ahmed-BY; Toyoshima-T; Yamagami-S; Jin-L; Itano-T; Miyamoto-O; Tokuda-M; Murakami-TH; Hatase-O
AD: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa Medical University, Japan.
SO: Neurosci-Res. 1996 Nov; 26(3): 271-8
ISSN: 0168-0102
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: Immunoreactivity of neuronal and glial marker proteins of reactive astrocytes around the electrically damaged pyramidal layer and stratum radiatum of the hippocampal CA1 region and corpus callosum was chronologically studied in electrically lesioned rat brains. A monoclonal antibody against calbindin-D28 k (CD28-Ab) and a polyclonal antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP-Ab) were used for immunostaining. Immunoreactivity of CD28 and GFAP in the reactive astrocytes was detected in brains 1-6 weeks post-lesion but not in non-lesioned brains. The number of immunohistochemically stained reactive astrocytes around the electrically damaged areas were counted and then compared with the number of those in the same areas of non-lesioned brains. The number of CD28- and GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes began to increase around the lesion from 1-3 weeks following lesion in the pyramidal layer of the hippocampal CA1 region and from 1-4 weeks following lesion in the stratum radiatum of the hippocampal CA1 region and corpus callosum. These immunoreactive astrocytes could be observed for 6 weeks (the maximum survival time studies) in all areas of the lesioned brains studied. The increase in the number of reactive astrocytes might have been induced by the stimulatory effects of neurotrophic factors, or growth factors, produced around the lesioned site. The constancy in the number of reactive astrocytes after 3 and 4 weeks in the lesioned areas may have been due to the termination of the initial phase of the repair process, i.e. space-filling. Reactive astrocytes which were stained by GFAP-Ab were separated into two groups, based on the presence of CD28, i.e. CD28-positive and CD28-negative reactive astrocytes. The presence of CD28 might confer certain functions via calcium-mediated mechanisms on CD28-positive astrocytes in addition to the constructive role mediated by GFAP.
MESH: Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Wound-Healing
MESH: *Astrocytes-metabolism; *Calcium-Binding-Protein,-Vitamin-D-Dependent-analysis; *Corpus-Callosum-metabolism; *Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein-analysis; *Hippocampus-metabolism; *Nerve-Tissue-Proteins-analysis
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Female; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0
NM: calbindin; Calcium-Binding-Protein,-Vitamin-D-Dependent; Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein; Nerve-Tissue-Proteins
AN: 97157985
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 153 of 280
TI: Brain and spinal cord MRI in motor neuron disease [letter]
AU: Van-Zandijcke-M; Casselman-J
SO: J-Neurol-Neurosurg-Psychiatry. 1997 Apr; 62(4): 428-9
ISSN: 0022-3050
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
MESH: Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Spinal-Cord-pathology
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Motor-Neuron-Disease-diagnosis
TG: Human
PT: LETTER
AN: 97252601
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 154 of 280
TI: Disproportion of cerebral surface areas and volumes in cerebral dysgenesis. MRI-based evidence for connectional abnormalities.
AU: Sisodiya-SM; Free-SL
AD: Epilepsy Research Group, Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
SO: Brain. 1997 Feb; 120 ( Pt 2): 271-81
ISSN: 0006-8950
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: In the normal adult human brain, there are quantitative relationships between a surface area measure of the grey matter and the volume of hemispheric grey matter, the volume of the hemispheric subcortical matter and the cross-sectional area of the corpus callosum as revealed by analysis of high resolution MRI data. These relationships reflect structural order in, and biological features of, normal human cerebral hemispheres. Cerebral dysgenesis (CD) is associated with disruption of the normal organization of the hemispheres to a greater or lesser extent and is often manifest as refractory epilepsy. We have examined structural proportions and their disruption in the brains of patients with epilepsy and CD. We found that structural measures were abnormal in 60% of patients with CD, with abnormalities in 64% of hemispheres that, on visual inspection alone, appeared completely normal. We showed that the disruptions found are compatible with expected histopathology in cases where histopathology may be predictable, and that extensive abnormalities may be due to abnormal patterns of connections within the hemispheres. In some cases, it may be possible to predict histopathology on the basis of quantitative analyses of high resolution MRI data, when such prediction is not possible on visual inspection alone.
MESH: Adult-; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age
MESH: *Brain-abnormalities; *Neural-Pathways-abnormalities
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97232097
UD: 9706
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 155 of 280
TI: Neurotrophins and their trk receptors in cultured cells of the glial lineage and in white matter of the central nervous system.
AU: Condorelli-DF; Salin-T; Dell'-Albani-P; Mudo-G; Corsaro-M; Timmusk-T; Metsis-M; Belluardo-N
AD: Institute of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Italy.
SO: J-Mol-Neurosci. 1995; 6(4): 237-48
ISSN: 0895-8696
PY: 1995
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Previous studies have analyzed the expression of different members of the neurotrophin family and their trk receptors in glial cultures composed mainly or exclusively of type-1 astrocytes, whereas only partial data have been published on other cultured glial types. In this article we compare the mRNA levels for neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT-3, NT-4) and their high-affinity receptors (trkA, trkB, trkC) in cultures enriched in specific glial types, such as microglia, type-1 astroglia, and cells of the O/2A lineage (type-2 astroglia and oligodendroglia). Relatively high levels of NGF mRNA (comparable to those observed in adult rat cerebral cortex) are present in all types of cultured glial cells, except for a low level of expression in cultures enriched in microglial cells. In contrast, BDNF mRNA is undetectable in all cultures examined. NT-3 and NT-4 mRNA molecules, at a level equal to that observed in adult rat cerebral cortex, are easily detected in type-1 astrocyte cultures, whereas their hybridization signals are undetectable in cells of the O/2A lineage and in microglial cultures. The analysis of neurotrophin receptor mRNAs confirms the absence of trkA mRNA, the presence of relatively high levels of trkB mRNA (70-100% of cerebral cortex values), and low levels of trkC mRNA (10-18% of cerebral cortex values) in both cultured astroglial and oligodendroglial cells. Only very low levels of trkB and trkC mRNAs are observed in microglial cultures. Although cultured glial cells express mainly mRNAs encoding for the truncated form of trkB and trkC, a low level of mRNA encoding for the full-length catalytic form of these receptors is detected by the sensitive ribonuclease protection assay.
MESH: Animals,-Newborn; Astrocytes-cytology; Astrocytes-drug-effects; Blotting,-Northern; Brain-Derived-Neurotrophic-Factor-pharmacology; Carrier-Proteins-genetics; Cell-Lineage-physiology; Cells,-Cultured-chemistry; Cerebral-Cortex-cytology; Corpus-Callosum-chemistry; Corpus-Callosum-drug-effects; Membrane-Proteins-genetics; Neuroprotective-Agents-pharmacology; Oligodendroglia-chemistry; Oligodendroglia-cytology; Oligodendroglia-drug-effects; Optic-Nerve-chemistry; Optic-Nerve-drug-effects; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; Receptor-Protein-Tyrosine-Kinase-genetics; RNA,-Messenger-analysis
MESH: *Astrocytes-chemistry; *Corpus-Callosum-cytology; *Nerve-Growth-Factors-pharmacology; *Optic-Nerve-cytology; *Receptors,-Nerve-Growth-Factor-genetics
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: EC 2.7.1.-; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 143551-63-7; 144515-70-8
NM: Receptor-Protein-Tyrosine-Kinase; ciliary-neurotrophic-factor-receptor; neurotrophin-3; Brain-Derived-Neurotrophic-Factor; Carrier-Proteins; Membrane-Proteins; Nerve-Growth-Factors; Neuroprotective-Agents; Receptors,-Nerve-Growth-Factor; RNA,-Messenger; TrkA-protein; neurotrophin-4; trkC-protein
AN: 97013399
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 156 of 280
TI: Transcallosal inhibition in cortical and subcortical cerebral vascular lesions.
AU: Boroojerdi-B; Diefenbach-K; Ferbert-A
AD: Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen, Germany.
SO: J-Neurol-Sci. 1996 Dec; 144(1-2): 160-70
ISSN: 0022-510X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: The excitability of the motor cortex after transcranial magnetic stimulation was investigated in 10 patients with purely subcortical, and in 22 patients with cortical-subcortical cerebrovascular lesions. In the first investigation we applied magnetic double stimuli over both motor cortices with different inter-stimulus intervals. The first (conditioning) stimulus was applied to the affected hemisphere and the second stimulus (test stimulus) to the unaffected side. The responses of the first dorsal interosseal (FDI) muscle, contralateral to the test stimulus, were recorded after applying the test stimulus alone and at inter-stimulus intervals of 5 ms, 7 ms, 15 ms, 30 ms and 60 ms. In a second investigation the patients were asked to activate their non-paretic first dorsal interosseus muscle and the magnetic stimulus was applied over the affected hemisphere. The EMG responses were rectified and averaged. Patients with subcortical cerebral lesions below the centrum semiovale (i.e., having no effect on the transcallosal fibres) displayed a pronounced inhibition of one motor cortex after the stimulation of the contralateral side, comparable with normal subjects. Patients with cortical-subcortical cerebral lesions displayed only partly less inhibition of their motor cortex but the results in this group were not uniform. Since inhibition was preserved in patients with subcortical lesions, which had destroyed the corticospinal tract, we conclude that this inhibition is not mediated through an ipsilateral projection but via a transcallosal route.
MESH: Adult-; Aged-; Aged,-80-and-over; Cerebral-Hemorrhage-physiopathology; Cerebral-Infarction-physiopathology; Cerebral-Ischemia-physiopathology; Electromyography-; Magnetics-; Middle-Age; Motor-Cortex-blood-supply
MESH: *Cerebrovascular-Disorders-physiopathology; *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Motor-Cortex-physiology; *Neural-Inhibition-physiology
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: CLINICAL-TRIAL; JOURNAL-ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL
AN: 97147214
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 157 of 280
TI: Agenesis of the corpus callosum in Turner syndrome with ring X.
AU: Abd-SE; Wilson-L; Howlin-P; Patton-MA; Wintgens-AM; Wilson-R
AD: St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
SO: Dev-Med-Child-Neurol. 1997 Feb; 39(2): 119-24
ISSN: 0012-1622
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: An 8-year-old girl with Turner syndrome and 45,X/46,X,r(X) mosaicism was found to have agenesis of the corpus callosum and various other characteristics including 'kabuki makeup' facial features and mild learning disability. Only two other cases of Turner syndrome associated with agenesis of the corpus callosum have been reported, both in patients with a 45,X karyotype. In both of those patients the constellation of signs differed from those of the present patient in a number of ways. It remains to be confirmed whether there is a higher incidence of CNS malformation in girls who have Turner syndrome with a ring X than has been reported for girls with Turner syndrome in general.
MESH: Child-; Chromosome-Banding; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Turner's-Syndrome-pathology
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Turner's-Syndrome-genetics; *X-Chromosome-genetics
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97216137
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 158 of 280
TI: Mutation of the Emx-1 homeobox gene disrupts the corpus callosum.
AU: Qiu-M; Anderson-S; Chen-S; Meneses-JJ; Hevner-R; Kuwana-E; Pedersen-RA; Rubenstein-JL
AD: Nina Ireland Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco 94143-0984, USA.
SO: Dev-Biol. 1996 Aug 25; 178(1): 174-8
ISSN: 0012-1606
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Expression of the Emx-1 homeobox gene is largely restricted to the developing and mature cerebral cortex. To study its function, two lines of mice were generated using gene targeting methods that have a deletion that includes the N-terminal coding region of Emx-1. Mice homozygous for the deletion were viable and fertile and exhibited no obvious behavioral defects. However, 100% of homozygous mice lack most or all of their corpus callosum, the principle fiber tract that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Heterozygotes show partial penetrance for the corpus callosum abnormality. The histology and various molecular properties of the cerebral cortex appear normal in the mutant mice.
MESH: Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Homozygote-; Mice-; Mice,-Knockout; Mutation-; RNA,-Messenger-analysis
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Genes,-Homeobox-physiology; *Homeodomain-Proteins-genetics
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S.; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: RO1MH4942801MHNIMH; K02MH0104601MHNIMH; NS09874NSNINDS
RN: 0; 0; 0
NM: Emx1-protein; Homeodomain-Proteins; RNA,-Messenger
AN: 97223515
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 159 of 280
TI: The relationship between corpus callosum size and forebrain volume.
AU: Jancke-L; Staiger-JF; Schlaug-G; Huang-Y; Steinmetz-H
AD: Institute of General Psychology I, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
SO: Cereb-Cortex. 1997 Jan-Feb; 7(1): 48-56
ISSN: 1047-3211
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Using high-resolution in vivo magnetic resonance morphometry we measured forebrain volume (FBV), midsagittal size of the corpus callosum (CC) and four CC subareas in 120 young and healthy adults (49 women, 71 men). We found moderate linear and quadratic correlations, indicating that the CC and all CC subareas increase with FBV both in men and women (multiple r2 ranging from 0.10 to 0.28). Allometric equations revealed that these increases were less than proportional to FBV (r2 ranging from 0.02 to 0.30). Absolute CC measurements, as well as CC subareas relative to total CC or FBV (the latter measures termed the CC ratios), were further analyzed with regard to possible effects of handedness, gender, or handedness by gender interaction. Contrary to previous reports, left-handers did not show larger CC measurements compared to right-handers. The only apparent influence of gender was on the CC ratios, which were larger in women. However, smaller brains had larger CC ratios which were mainly independent of gender, a result of the less than proportional increase of callosal size with FBV. We suggest that the previously described gender differences in CC anatomy may be better explained by an underlying effect of brain size, with larger brains having relatively smaller callosa. This lends empirical support to the hypothesis that brain size may be an important factor influencing interhemispheric connectivity and lateralization.
MESH: Adult-; Sex-Factors
MESH: *Cell-Size-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Laterality-physiology; *Prosencephalon-physiology
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97175776
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 160 of 280
TI: Corpus callosum: sex or size?
AU: Leonard-CM
AD: Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida Health Science Center, Gainesville 32610, USA.
SO: Cereb-Cortex. 1997 Jan-Feb; 7(1): 2
ISSN: 1047-3211
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Sex-Characteristics
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97175772
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 161 of 280
TI: Diffuse axonal injury: its mechanism in an assault case.
AU: Imajo-T
AD: Research Department, Hamot Medical Center, Erie, PA 16550, USA.
SO: Am-J-Forensic-Med-Pathol. 1996 Dec; 17(4): 324-6
ISSN: 0195-7910
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Diffuse axonal injury is caused by irreparable shearing of the axons. A case of diffuse axonal injury by a well-witnessed assault is reported. The victim survived for 13 days after the assault. The mode of assault was numerous kicks to the head of the victim lying on the ground. The kicking motion was sideways across the long axis of the body. Thus, on each impact, the victim's head moved with relative freedom or was tossed violently side to side or in a lateral, even angular or rotational, manner. This resulted in a low acceleration/deceleration rate. Grossly, the brain showed no lesions; however, a microscopic lytic lesion was present in the corpus callosum. These injuries were consistent with a grade-2 diffuse axonal injury (Adams classification).
MESH: Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Middle-Age
MESH: *Axons-pathology; *Coma-pathology; *Corpus-Callosum-injuries; *Forensic-Medicine; *Violence-
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97102987
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 162 of 280
TI: Spatial stimulus-response compatibility in callosotomy patients and subjects with callosal agenesis.
AU: Aglioti-S; Tassinari-G; Berlucchi-G
AD: Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e della Visione, Sezione di Fisiologia umana, Verona, Italy.
SO: Neurosci-Biobehav-Rev. 1996 Winter; 20(4): 623-9
ISSN: 0149-7634
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Subjects with partial or complete defects of the corpus callosum, either congenital or acquired, performed a choice reaction time (RT) task involving a right or left key-press response to a light presented at random in the right or left hemifield. Like normal subjects, all of them exhibited two additive effects typical of these tasks: the spatial stimulus-response compatibility effect (faster RT for stimuli and responses matched for side), and the hand placement effect (longer RT for responses performed with crossed hands). Two subjects with a complete callosal defect, one acquired and the other congenital, showed a third effect, not present in normal subjects, consisting of a marked advantage for RT of responses with hand anatomically ipsilateral to the stimulus, independent of both stimulus-response compatibility and hand placement. These findings can be interpreted according to a hierarchical model of information processing assuming that, in the absence of the corpus callosum, the matching of the mental codes for the stimulus and response sets takes place solely in the hemisphere receiving the stimulus, with a subsequent rapid-intrahemispheric or slow-interhemispheric transmission of the response command to the appropriate motor centers.
MESH: Adult-; Analysis-of-Variance; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Corpus-Callosum-surgery; Photic-Stimulation; Reaction-Time-physiology; Task-Performance-and-Analysis
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Space-Perception-physiology
TG: Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97147296
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 163 of 280
TI: Basic connectivity of the cerebral cortex and some considerations on the corpus callosum.
AU: Schuz-A; Preissl-H
AD: Max-Planck-Institut fur Biologische Kybernetik, Tubingen, Germany.
SO: Neurosci-Biobehav-Rev. 1996 Winter; 20(4): 567-70
ISSN: 0149-7634
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Studies on the connectivity of the cerebral cortex have lent strong support to the idea that the cortex is an associative network in which information is stored by ways of Hebbian cell assemblies. One of the main arguments for this is the elaborated system of cortico-cortical long-range connections which allows distant regions of the cortex to interact. Part of this system is the corpus callosum, which is responsible for the co-operation of the two cortical hemispheres. The following points are interesting with regard to interhemispheric co-operation: (1) the callosal system includes fewer neurons than the system of intrahemispheric long-range connections; (2) the mirror image activity induced by the callosal system may be advantageous for the ignition of cell assemblies; (3) the fibres of the corpus callosum differ considerably in thickness, which may be considered as anatomical evidence for more direct co-operation of the two hemispheres in some tasks rather than in others; and (4) a complex relationship between brain size and fibre thickness becomes evident in the corpus callosum, in which only some fibres seem to compensate for the longer conduction times in larger brains.
MESH: Macaca-; Mice-
MESH: *Cerebral-Cortex-anatomy-and-histology; *Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
AN: 97147290
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 164 of 280
TI: Magnetisation transfer ratio of normal brain white matter: a normative database spanning four decades of life.
AU: Silver-NC; Barker-GJ; MacManus-DG; Tofts-PS; Miller-DH
AD: Department of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
SO: J-Neurol-Neurosurg-Psychiatry. 1997 Mar; 62(3): 223-8
ISSN: 0022-3050
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: OBJECTIVES: To establish a normative database for magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) measurements in the white matter of healthy adult brains. Such MTR values were evaluated for regional variation and evidence of differences associated with aging, sex, and handedness. METHODS: Forty one healthy volunteers, ranging in age from 16 to 55 years, underwent axial brain magnetisation transfer (MT) imaging on a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance scanner. Calculated MT images allowed evaluation of MTR from specific regions within the corpus callosum, cerebral hemispheres, and pons. RESULTS: Highest values were noted in the corpus callosum. No significant sex differences were seen for any region studied. Small but significant age related reductions in MTR were noted in the corpus callosum and other cerebral white matter regions studied. Comparing MTR values between young (16-35 years) and older (36-55 years) age groups, this was most apparent in the corpus callosum (40.82% units in the young group v 40.28% units in the older group, P < 0.05) and frontal white matter (39.65% units in the young group v 39.18% units in the older group, P < 0.005). In addition, values for MTR were analysed for evidence of hemispheric asymmetry. MTR values were higher in the left hemisphere for all regions studied, reaching significance in the centrum semiovale (37.75% units v 37.57% units, P < 0.05) and parieto-occipital white matter (37.67% units v 37.43% units, P < 0.05). No relation between such interhemispheric MTR differences and handedness was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetisation transfer imaging shows significant age related changes in normal brain white matter. In addition to regional variations in MTR in the normal brain, there seem to be small but significant variations in MTR between the cerebral hemispheres. It is important to consider such normal variations when evaluating MTR in pathological states.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Brain-physiology; Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; Corpus-Callosum-physiology; Laterality-; Middle-Age; Reference-Values
MESH: *Brain-anatomy-and-histology; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; *Magnetics-
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97222324
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 165 of 280
TI: Characterisation of the immune response in a neural xenograft rejection paradigm.
AU: Litchfield-TM; Whiteley-SJ; Yee-KT; Tyers-P; Usherwood-EJ; Nash-AA; Lund-RD
AD: Department of Pathology, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
SO: J-Neuroimmunol. 1997 Mar; 73(1-2): 135-44
ISSN: 0165-5728
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: We have looked at both donor and host MHC expression in a neural xenograft rejection paradigm. Grafts of either mouse corpus callosum or an SV40 large T transformed astrocytic cell line were placed in the mid-brain of neonatal rats. Three weeks later graft rejection was induced by the application of a skin graft of the same donor origin. MHC expression in the neural graft and the host brain was examined histologically four and ten days after the animals had received a skin graft. Donor MHC expression was detected in the corpus callosal grafts at both time points and preceded host MHC expression and the lymphocytic infiltrate. The grafts of the transformed cell line could not be induced to express MHC antigens under the experimental protocol used nor were they rejected. The migratory patterns of the transformed cells were compared to the well characterised migration patterns of astrocytes from the corpus callosal grafts.
MESH: Antibody-Formation; Astrocytes-immunology; Astrocytes-physiology; Astrocytes-transplantation; Brain-surgery; Cell-Line,-Transformed; Cell-Movement; Cell-Survival; Corpus-Callosum-immunology; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Corpus-Callosum-transplantation; Histocompatibility-Antigens-immunology; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-CBA; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-Strains; Skin-Transplantation
MESH: *Graft-Rejection-immunology; *Nerve-Tissue-transplantation; *Transplantation,-Heterologous
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0
NM: Histocompatibility-Antigens
AN: 97211802
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 166 of 280
TI: [Marchiafava-Bignami disease without risk factors. Letter]
TO: Enfermedad de Marchiafava-Bignami sin factores de riesgo.
AU: Diaz-Peromingo-JA; Rodriguez-Garcia-FJ; Macias-Arribi-M; Lopez-Gonzalez-FJ; Aldrey-JM; Gonzalez-C
SO: Rev-Neurol. 1997 Jan; 25(137): 150
ISSN: 0210-0010
PY: 1997
LA: SPANISH; NON-ENGLISH
CP: SPAIN
MESH: Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Cysts-physiopathology; Epilepsy,-Tonic-Clonic-physiopathology; Middle-Age; Risk-Factors
MESH: *Epilepsy,-Tonic-Clonic-diagnosis
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: LETTER
AN: 97210149
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 167 of 280
TI: The clinical, neuroradiographic, and endocrinologic profile of patients with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia.
AU: Siatkowski-RM; Sanchez-JC; Andrade-R; Alvarez-A
AD: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami, USA.
SO: Ophthalmology. 1997 Mar; 104(3): 493-6
ISSN: 0161-6420
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to expand on ophthalmologic and endocrinologic data and report the neuroimaging findings of 35 patients with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia (BONH). METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 35 children with BONH was conducted. Data on visual acuity, refractive error, and presence of nystagmus and strabismus were collected. Twenty-six children underwent full-endocrinologic evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scanning. RESULTS: The male:female ratio was 2:1. Ten percent of eyes had visual acuity of 20/60 or better, whereas 34% had no light perception. Eighty-six percent of eyes had acuity less than 20/200, and 80% of patients were legally blind. Most patients (86%) had nystagmus or strabismus or both. Forty-six percent had absence of the septum pellucidum and corpus callosum on neuroimaging. Twenty-seven percent of patients had endocrinologic abnormalities, with growth hormone deficiency being the most common. Panhypopituitarism occurred in 11.5% of children. CONCLUSIONS: Although the visual prognosis of children with BONH generally is poor, 10% of such patients have excellent acuity. In contrast to previous reports, endocrine abnormalities were seen in only one quarter of patients, and the full-blown deMorsier syndrome (septo-optic dysplasia with panhypopituitarism) was seen in only 11.5% of patients with BONH.
MESH: Abnormalities,-Multiple-radiography; Adolescence-; Blindness-etiology; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Corpus-Callosum-radiography; Hypopituitarism-etiology; Hypopituitarism-pathology; Infant-; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Nystagmus-etiology; Optic-Nerve-radiography; Refractive-Errors-etiology; Retrospective-Studies; Septum-Pellucidum-abnormalities; Septum-Pellucidum-pathology; Septum-Pellucidum-radiography; Strabismus-etiology; Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed; Visual-Acuity
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-diagnosis; *Nystagmus-pathology; *Optic-Nerve-abnormalities; *Optic-Nerve-pathology; *Somatotropin-deficiency; *Strabismus-pathology
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 9002-72-6
NM: Somatotropin
AN: 97226434
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 168 of 280
TI: Interhemispheric relations in hierarchical perception: a second look.
AU: Weekes-NY; Carusi-D; Zaidel-E
AD: University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology 90095-1563, USA. Weekes@psych.sscnet.UCLA.edu
SO: Neuropsychologia. 1997 Jan; 35(1): 37-44
ISSN: 0028-3932
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: This study reevaluates the role of interhemispheric interactions in the consistency effect (global interference with local decisions) in hierarchical perception. In an earlier study, Robertson et al. [22] (Neuropsychology, Vol. 7, pp. 325-342, 1993) tested three split-brain patients on a hierarchical perception task in which stimuli, consisting of large (global) letters made up of smaller (local) letters, were unilaterally or bilaterally presented for identification. They found that, in general, the consistency effect did not occur in split-brain patients and argued that the effect is interhemispheric and normally mediated by the corpus callosum. We repeated the experiment with new stimuli in two of the same split-brain patients. We found that both patients demonstrated evidence for global interference, implying that the neocortical commissures are not necessary for eliciting the consistency effect in hierarchical perception.
MESH: Corpus-Callosum-physiology; Epilepsy-surgery; Visual-Fields-physiology
MESH: *Laterality-physiology; *Perception-physiology
TG: Human; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: CLINICAL-TRIAL; JOURNAL-ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL
CN: NIMA00179; NS20187NSNINDS
AN: 97135838
UD: 9706
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 169 of 280
TI: Correction for vascular artifacts in cerebral blood flow values measured by using arterial spin tagging techniques.
AU: Ye-FQ; Mattay-VS; Jezzard-P; Frank-JA; Weinberger-DR; McLaughlin-AC
AD: Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
SO: Magn-Reson-Med. 1997 Feb; 37(2): 226-35
ISSN: 0740-3194
PY: 1997
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: "Vascular" artifacts can have substantial effects on human cerebral blood flow values calculated by using arterial spin tagging approaches. One vascular artifact arises from the contribution of "tagged" arterial water spins to the observed change in brain water MR signal. This artifact can be reduced if large bipolar gradients are used to "crush" the MR signal from moving arterial water spins. A second vascular artifact arises from relaxation of "tagged" arterial blood during transit from the tagging plane to the capillary exchange site in the imaging slice. This artifact can be corrected if the arterial transit t