MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 201 of 280
TI: [Schizophrenia and the corpus callosum: morphologic and functional approach]
TO: Schizophrenie et corps calleux: approche morphologique et fonctionnelle.
AU: Antoni-F; Mourgues-F; Chabannes-JM
AD: Centre hospitalier Montperrin, Aix-en-Provence.
SO: Encephale. 1996 Oct; 22 Spec No 3: 33-8
ISSN: 0013-7006
PY: 1996
LA: FRENCH; NON-ENGLISH
CP: FRANCE
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Brain-Mapping; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; Middle-Age; Schizophrenia-diagnosis; Schizophrenia-pathology
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; *Schizophrenia-physiopathology; *Schizophrenic-Psychology
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
AN: 97112619
UD: 9705
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 202 of 280
TI: Agenesis of the corpus callosum in Schinzel-Giedion syndrome associated with 47,XXY karyotype.
AU: Ozkinay-FF; Akisu-M; Kultursay-N; Oral-R; Tansug-N; Sapmaz-G
AD: Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Izmir, Turkey.
SO: Clin-Genet. 1996 Sep; 50(3): 145-8
ISSN: 0009-9163
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: DENMARK
AB: The Schinzel-Giedion syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition with typical facial features, skeletal manifestations and congenital hydronephrosis and/or hydroureter. We report a male infant with Schinzel-Giedion syndrome, also showing the karyotypic abnormality 47,XXY. Agenesis of the corpus callosum and laryngeal stenosis were determined at autopsy. Besides typical Schinzel-Giedion syndrome, our propositus was found to be affected by Klinefelter syndrome. This represents a fortuitous anomaly, which is probably of no importance in the phenotype of the patient.
MESH: Abnormalities,-Multiple-pathology; Abnormalities,-Multiple-physiopathology; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Fatal-Outcome; Infant,-Newborn; Karyotyping-; Laryngostenosis-pathology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Syndrome-
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-genetics; *Chromosome-Abnormalities; *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97101595
UD: 9705
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 203 of 280
TI: Developmental stutter in a patient with callosal agenesis disappears during steroid therapy.
AU: Nass-RD
AD: Department of Neurology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA.
SO: Pediatr-Neurol. 1996 Sep; 15(2): 166-8
ISSN: 0887-8994
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: A 10-year-old left-handed girl with a developmental stutter and agenesis of the corpus callosum with associated hydrocephalus ceased stuttering immediately upon initiation of steroid therapy for colitis. Steroid taper resulted in a recurrence of the stutter and resumption for treatment of recrudescent colitis caused its disappearance again. Baseline agenesis of the corpus callosum with hydrocephalus and the patient's course in the face of the known effects of steroids on white matter lend support to the hypothesis that stuttering reflects anomalous dominance and/or atypical interhemispheric connectivity, as evidenced by the fact that presumed alterations of white matter tracts affected speech rhythms/stuttering.
MESH: Child-; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; Dose-Response-Relationship,-Drug; Drug-Administration-Schedule; Hydrocephalus-drug-therapy; Hydrocephalus-physiopathology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Stuttering-physiopathology
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Dominance,-Cerebral-drug-effects; *Prednisone-administration-and-dosage; *Stuttering-drug-therapy
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 53-03-2
NM: Prednisone
AN: 97042856
UD: 9705
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 204 of 280
TI: Regional MRI measurements of the corpus callosum: a methodological and developmental study.
AU: Rajapakse-JC; Giedd-JN; Rumsey-JM; Vaituzis-AC; Hamburger-SD; Rapoport-JL
AD: Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1600, USA. jcr@helix.nih.gov
SO: Brain-Dev. 1996 Sep-Oct; 18(5): 379-88
ISSN: 0387-7604
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: A technique for quantifying the midsagittal size and shape of the corpus callosum (CC) from magnetic resonance brain scans is presented. The technique utilizes the distances to the ventral and dorsal boundaries of small sectors of the CC from a reference point to compute the size and shape parameters of the CC and its subdivisions. Intrarater and interrater interclass correlation coefficients for the area measurements ranged from 0.88 to 0.99. Correlations between these automated measures and those obtained by pixel counting were equally high. The corpus callosa of 104 (57 male and 47 female) right-handed healthy children and adolescents, ages 4-18, were examined in relation to age and sex. Corpus callosum growth was most striking for the splenium and isthmus with some changes in the midbody regions. The area and perimeter of these regions increased, shapes became more compact, and the boundaries became more regular with age. The length and curvature at the anterior and posterior regions of the CC increased more rapidly in males than in females. These significant and consistent results indicate that the method is reliable and sensitive to developmental changes of the CC.
MESH: Adolescence-; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; Image-Processing,-Computer-Assisted; Observer-Variation; Reference-Values; Regression-Analysis; Reproducibility-of-Results; Sex-Characteristics
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-methods
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97046312
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 205 of 280
TI: [Marchiafava-Bignami disease: development with flare-up]
TO: Maladie de Marchiafava-Bignami: evolution par poussees.
AU: Moreaud-O; Dufosse-N; Pellat-J
AD: Service de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, CHU, Grenoble.
SO: Rev-Neurol-Paris. 1996 Aug-Sep; 152(8-9): 560-2
ISSN: 0035-3787
PY: 1996
LA: FRENCH; NON-ENGLISH
CP: FRANCE
AB: Marchiafava-Bignami disease is a complication of chronic ethanol intoxication. The clinical course may be acute, rapidly leading to death, or marked by a progressive dementia. A form with favorable outcome is also described. During the evolution of chronic forms, acute worsenings are possible, with subsequent partial recovery. We report a clinico-radiological case, where a first episode was followed by a good outcome. After a second episode, 3 years later, the patient developed a dementia with predominant frontal lobe signs. This case suggests that, even after a favorable outcome, a long-term poor prognosis cannot be ruled out.
MESH: Dementia-etiology; Demyelinating-Diseases-complications; English-Abstract; Middle-Age; Time-Factors
MESH: *Alcoholism-complications; *Corpus-Callosum; *Demyelinating-Diseases-physiopathology
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97145539
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 206 of 280
TI: [Surgery of epilepsy in children. Surgical techniques]
TO: Chirurgie de l'epilepsie de l'enfant. Les techniques chirurgicales.
AU: Delalande-O
SO: Soins-Chir. 1996 Sep-Oct(178): 18-21
ISSN: 0249-6429
PY: 1996
LA: FRENCH; NON-ENGLISH
CP: FRANCE
MESH: Child-; Corpus-Callosum-surgery; Palliative-Care
MESH: *Epilepsy-surgery
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97106293
UD: 9704
SB: NURSING
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 207 of 280
TI: Growth cone behaviors during axon guidance in the developing cerebral cortex.
AU: Kalil-K
AD: Department of Anatomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
SO: Prog-Brain-Res. 1996; 108: 31-40
ISSN: 0079-6123
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
MESH: Cerebral-Cortex-cytology; Corpus-Callosum-cytology; Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; Neurons-ultrastructure
MESH: *Axons-ultrastructure; *Cerebral-Cortex-growth-and-development; *Neurites-ultrastructure; *Neurons-cytology
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
AN: 97134417
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 208 of 280
TI: A dissociation in naming digits and colors following commissurotomy.
AU: Corballis-MC
AD: Department of Psychology, University of Auckland.
SO: Cortex. 1996 Sep; 32(3): 515-25
ISSN: 0010-9452
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: Pairs of red and green digits were flashed in the opposite visual fields of L.B., a man with complete forebrain commissurotomy. He was highly accurate in naming both digits, the green ones alone, or the red ones alone, regardless of field. In contrast, he was relatively poor at naming the colors of the digits in the left visual field, and in comparing colors between fields. This dissociation suggests either (a) that information about shape was tagged by color and transferred from right to left hemisphere, but information about color itself was not transferred, or, more likely (b) that L.B.'s right hemisphere has acquired the ability to overtly name highly familiar stimuli, such as digits, but not colors.
MESH: Adult-; Anomia-diagnosis; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Epilepsy-physiopathology; Follow-Up-Studies; Neuropsychological-Tests; Postoperative-Complications-diagnosis; Reaction-Time-physiology; Visual-Fields-physiology
MESH: *Anomia-physiopathology; *Attention-physiology; *Color-Perception-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; *Epilepsy-surgery; *Pattern-Recognition,-Visual-physiology; *Postoperative-Complications-physiopathology
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97041255
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 209 of 280
TI: Sotos syndrome with septo-optic dysplasia.
AU: Buyukgebiz-A; Ercal-D; Bober-E
AD: Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, University of Dokuz Eylul, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
SO: J-Pediatr-Endocrinol-Metab. 1996 Jul-Aug; 9(4): 497-9
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: A 12 2/12 year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with the complaint of rapid growth. His birth and postnatal growth history, developmental retardation, physical examination and skeletal radiograms suggested Sotos syndrome. CT and MRI findings revealed septo-optic dysplasia (SOD), which is usually characterized by poor growth, together with cerebral gigantism in our case. These two entities are both rare and as far as we know this is the first patient in the literature with Sotos syndrome and SOD.
MESH: Age-Determination-by-Skeleton; Body-Height; Child-; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Mental-Retardation; Syndrome-; Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed
MESH: *Growth-Disorders-etiology; *Optic-Nerve-pathology; *Septum-Pellucidum-abnormalities
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97067407
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 210 of 280
TI: Channels of the corpus callosum: evidence from simple reaction times to lateralized flashes in the normal and the split brain [letter]
AU: Demirci-M
SO: Brain. 1996 Dec; 119 ( Pt 6): 2155-6
ISSN: 0006-8950
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
MESH: Laterality-; Reaction-Time
MESH: *Brain-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Photic-Stimulation-methods
TG: Human
PT: LETTER
AN: 97163183
UD: 9704
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 211 of 280
TI: The effects of discrete cingulum bundle lesions in the rat on the acquisition and performance of two tests of spatial working memory.
AU: Neave-N; Nagle-S; Sahgal-A; Aggleton-JP
AD: Department of Psychology, University of Durham, UK.
SO: Behav-Brain-Res. 1996 Oct; 80(1-2): 75-85
ISSN: 0166-4328
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: Rats received one of three different surgeries in which radiofrequency lesions were made in the cingulum bundle. These consisted of either: (i) two pairs of bilateral lesions at the mid and posterior levels of the tract (M + PCB, n = 9); (ii) a single pair of bilateral lesions at the posterior level of the tract (PCB, n = 5); or (iii) a single lesion in each hemisphere, one at a posterior level the other at a mid level (CCB, n = 6). Twelve other animals acted as surgical controls (SHAM). None of the groups of animals with cingulum bundle lesions was impaired on either the acquisition or performance of an automated delayed nonmatching-to-position task in an operant chamber. In fact, following combination of the three cingulum bundle groups it was found that the lesions resulted in a small, but significant improvement in performance of this task when compared with the SHAM animals. All three groups with tract lesions were, however, impaired on an alternation task in a T-maze. This double dissociation between the two tests of spatial working memory, coupled with the comparable scores of the three lesion groups, is seen as showing that the cingulum bundle is part of a neuroanatomical circuit subserving aspects of allocentric spatial memory. The relative mildness of the alternation deficit in the present study also suggests that the bundle must be completely destroyed bilaterally to produce a pronounced deficit.
MESH: Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; Hippocampus-anatomy-and-histology; Hippocampus-physiology; Laterality-physiology; Neural-Pathways-cytology; Neural-Pathways-physiology; Rats-
MESH: *Conditioning,-Operant-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Memory-physiology; *Space-Perception-physiology
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97061085
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 212 of 280
TI: Oligodendroglial sheath lengths in developing rat ventral funiculus and corpus callosum.
AU: Bjartmar-C
AD: Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Linkoping, Sweden. carbj@mcb.liu.se
SO: Neurosci-Lett. 1996 Sep 27; 216(2): 85-8
ISSN: 0304-3940
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: The lengths of uncompacted and partly compacted oligodendroglial sheaths in the developing rat spinal cord (SC) ventral funiculus (ages F19 and F21) and corpus callosum (CC; ages P12 and P17) were studied by serial section electron microscopy. The average newly formed uncompacted sheath is 21 and 33 microns long in the SC (F19) and CC (P12), respectively, many being less than 10 microns. In these early series, approximately 2/3 of the analysed axon length is unensheathed. The average partly compacted sheath is 102 and 69 microns long in the SC (F21) and CC (P17), respectively. Here, about 1/3 of the examined axon length is unensheathed. These results suggest that oligodendroglial sheaths initially are very short, and that they elongate actively before and during compaction. The limited unensheathed space along these axons indicate that some early sheaths must be eliminated.
MESH: Axons-ultrastructure; Cell-Size; Corpus-Callosum-embryology; Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; Fetus-cytology; Microscopy,-Electron; Neurons,-Afferent-ultrastructure; Oligodendroglia-ultrastructure; Rats-; Spinal-Cord-embryology; Spinal-Cord-growth-and-development
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-cytology; *Myelin-Sheath-ultrastructure; *Oligodendroglia-cytology; *Spinal-Cord-cytology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97060743
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 213 of 280
TI: Regional and developmental variations in metabolite concentration in the rat brain and eye: a study using 1H NMR spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography.
AU: Florian-CL; Williams-SR; Bhakoo-KK; Noble-MD
AD: The Royal College of Surgeons Unit of Biophysics, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
SO: Neurochem-Res. 1996 Sep; 21(9): 1065-74
ISSN: 0364-3190
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Regional and developmental changes in metabolite concentrations were measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy and HPLC of perchloric acid extracts from rat brain and eye. The highest concentrations of N-acetylaspartate were found in grey matter as opposed to white matter with concentration increasing with age from neonate to adult, while the related compound N-acetylaspartylglutamate was highest in adult optic nerve. Creatine and choline-containing compounds were present in all regions throughout development, with higher levels of creatine found in grey matter compared to other regions. Choline-containing compounds were present at the highest concentrations in the eye at all ages examined, and tended to decrease in concentration to minimum values in adulthood in all regions. The presence of hypotaurine in corpus callosum and optic nerve was consistent with the metabolic profiles of O-2A progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes, which are cells composing these tissues. The neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA reached their highest concentrations in the olfactory bulb (higher than in adult cortex).
MESH: Animals,-Newborn; Aspartic-Acid-analogs-and-derivatives; Aspartic-Acid-metabolism; Brain-growth-and-development; Brain-Stem-metabolism; Cerebellum-metabolism; Cerebral-Cortex-metabolism; Chromatography,-High-Pressure-Liquid; Corpus-Callosum-metabolism; Dipeptides-metabolism; Eye-growth-and-development; Glutamic-Acid-metabolism; GABA-metabolism; Hydrogen-; Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance; Olfactory-Bulb-metabolism; Oligodendroglia-metabolism; Optic-Nerve-growth-and-development; Organ-Specificity; Rats-; Stem-Cells-metabolism
MESH: *Aging-metabolism; *Amino-Acids-metabolism; *Brain-metabolism; *Eye-metabolism; *Optic-Nerve-metabolism
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 1333-74-0; 3106-85-2; 56-12-2; 56-84-8; 56-86-0; 997-55-7
NM: Amino-Acids; Dipeptides; Hydrogen; N-acetyl-1-aspartylglutamic-acid; GABA; Aspartic-Acid; Glutamic-Acid; N-acetylaspartate
AN: 97052841
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 214 of 280
TI: Reliability of brain structure morphometry in hydrocephalic children using MR images.
AU: Brandt-ME; Bohan-TP; Thorstad-K; McCauley-SR; Davidson-KC; Francis-DJ; Kramer-LA; Fletcher-JM
AD: Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, USA 77030-1501. mbrandt@ped1.med.uth.tmc.edu
SO: Magn-Reson-Imaging. 1996; 14(6): 649-55
ISSN: 0730-725X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: To assess the ability of human operators to make decisions about region boundaries in significantly malformed brains, we performed a study of the reliability of morphometric measurements of specific brain structures from MRI in children with hydrocephalus and controls. Cross-sectional area measures of the corpus callosum, internal capsules and centrum semiovale, and volumes of the lateral ventricles were made in 50 children. Independent measurements were made by two raters on T1 and T2-weighted MR images. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between the two rater's sets of measures were computed for each structure across all subjects. ICCs ranged from a low of 0.7502 to a high of 0.9895. All ICCs were significant at the p < .0001 level and were generally less than or equal to the corresponding Pearson's r value in every case. Therefore, the Pearson's r may overestimate the reliability. The results of this study support the claim that the ICC should be used rather than the Pearson's r when assessing interater reliability in situations where large between-group differences are present. In addition, the results show that brains malformed by disorders, such as hydrocephalus, can be reliably assessed using morphometric measures of MR images.
MESH: Cerebral-Ventricles-pathology; Child-; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Observer-Variation
MESH: *Brain-pathology; *Hydrocephalus-diagnosis; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: NS25368NSNINDS
AN: 97052735
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 215 of 280
TI: The relation of cerebral magnetic resonance signal hyperintensities to Alzheimer's disease.
AU: Fazekas-F; Kapeller-P; Schmidt-R; Offenbacher-H; Payer-F; Fazekas-G
AD: Department of Neurology, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria.
SO: J-Neurol-Sci. 1996 Oct; 142(1-2): 121-5
ISSN: 0022-510X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: To further elucidate the relation of cerebral magnetic resonance signal hyperintensities to Alzheimer's disease (AD) we performed a case-control comparison between 30 consecutive patients with probable AD (age range 49-76, mean 65 years) and 60 asymptomatic volunteers matched for age, sex, and major cerebrovascular risk factors. We used a 1.5T magnet and determined the extent of morphologic abnormalities both by visual grading and measurement. AD patients showed comparable grades of deep/subcortical white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and a similar extent of the total WMH area as controls (3.3 cm2 +/- 8.8 vs. 2.0 cm2 +/- 4.6). They had significantly more often a "halo' of periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) (p < 0.0005) and an increased mean PVH thickness (3.0 mm +/- 1.9 vs. 1.3 mm +/- 1.2; p < 0.001). This PVH thickness correlated significantly with measures of ventricular enlargement. While univariate logistic regression also suggested a significant association of PVH thickness with a diagnosis of AD this association was lost against atrophy measures in a multivariate analysis. Our results confirm a significantly greater extent of PVH in AD patients than controls even when matched for cerebrovascular risk factors. However, this abnormality was not independently related to the disease but rather appears to be an epiphenomenon of brain atrophy.
MESH: Aged-; Alzheimer's-Disease-pathology; Atrophy-; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Matched-Pair-Analysis; Middle-Age; Nerve-Fibers-pathology; Predictive-Value-of-Tests
MESH: *Alzheimer's-Disease-diagnosis; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97058411
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 216 of 280
TI: [Aicardi's syndrome: agenesis of the corpus callosum, infantile flexor spasms and macular dystrophy]
TO: Sindrom Aikardi: ageneziia mozolistogo tela, fleksornye infantil'nye spazmy, makulodistrofiia.
AU: Badalian-LO; Medvedev-MI; Berestov-AI; Kharlamov-DA; Lysov-VL
SO: Zh-Nevropatol-Psikhiatr-Im-S-S-Korsakova. 1996; 96(5): 87-90
ISSN: 0044-4588
PY: 1996
LA: RUSSIAN; NON-ENGLISH
CP: RUSSIA
MESH: Abnormalities,-Multiple-genetics; Child,-Preschool; Infant-; Linkage-Genetics; Macular-Degeneration-genetics; Spasms,-Infantile-genetics; Syndrome-; X-Chromosome
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-diagnosis; *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Macular-Degeneration-diagnosis; *Spasms,-Infantile-diagnosis
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW-OF-REPORTED-CASES
AN: 97097351
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 217 of 280
TI: Transcription supports age-related increases of GFAP gene expression in the male rat brain.
AU: Yoshida-T; Goldsmith-SK; Morgan-TE; Stone-DJ; Finch-CE
AD: Neurogerontology Division, Andrus Gerontology Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
SO: Neurosci-Lett. 1996 Sep 6; 215(2): 107-10
ISSN: 0304-3940
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: During aging, rodent and human brains show progressive increases in the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA and protein. The role of transcription was investigated by in situ hybridization, using an intron-containing cRNA probe as a measure of primary GFAP transcripts. We found parallel age-related increases in GFAP intron RNA in the hippocampus, internal capsule, and corpus callosum of 3 versus 24 month old male F344 rats. We conclude that increased transcription supports the age-related increase of GFAP mRNA and protein. GFAP is a unique example of a gene that shows increased expression during aging in contrast to the decreased transcription of certain genes reported in non-neural tissues.
MESH: Astrocytes-chemistry; Astrocytes-metabolism; Corpus-Callosum-chemistry; Corpus-Callosum-cytology; Cytosol-metabolism; Dentate-Gyrus-chemistry; Dentate-Gyrus-cytology; DNA,-Complementary; Gene-Expression-Regulation-physiology; Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein-biosynthesis; Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein-metabolism; In-Situ-Hybridization; Introns-; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-BN; Rats,-Inbred-F344; Sex-Factors
MESH: *Aging-physiology; *Brain-Chemistry-genetics; *Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein-genetics; *Transcription,-Genetic-physiology
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0
NM: DNA,-Complementary; Glial-Fibrillary-Acidic-Protein
AN: 97042809
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 218 of 280
TI: The callosal pattern in striate cortex is more patchy in monocularly enucleated albino than pigmented rats.
AU: Abel-PL; Olavarria-JF
AD: Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-1525, USA.
SO: Neurosci-Lett. 1996 Feb 9; 204(3): 169-72
ISSN: 0304-3940
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: We investigated the effect of neonatal monocular enucleation on the pattern of interhemispheric connections through the corpus callosum in occipital cortex of pigmented and albino rats. Callosal connections were revealed in tangential sections through the flattened cortex following multiple injections of horseradish peroxidase into the opposite hemisphere. In pigmented rats, we found that monocular enucleation induces the development of an anomalous band-like accumulation of callosal connections in middle portions of striate cortex in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the remaining eye, as reported previously. In one-eyed albino rats, we also found callosal connections anomalously placed in middle portions of striate cortex, but they tended to form several patches of labeling rather than a single continuous band as in pigmented rats. Densitometric analysis of the callosal patterns revealed that this difference between rat strains was statistically significant. The increased patchiness in the callosal pattern of one-eyed albino rats may reflect differences in the ipsilateral retinal projections in albino versus pigmented rats.
MESH: Albinism-physiopathology; Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; Horseradish-Peroxidase; Pigmentation-physiology; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Visual-Cortex-growth-and-development
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-cytology; *Eye-Enucleation; *Vision,-Monocular-physiology; *Visual-Cortex-cytology
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: T32EY07031EYNEI; EY09343EYNEI
RN: EC 1.11.1.-
NM: Horseradish-Peroxidase
AN: 97092539
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 219 of 280
TI: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of a gray matter heterotopia.
AU: Marsh-L; Lim-KO; Sullivan-EV; Lane-B; Spielman-D
AD: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5546, USA.
SO: Neurology. 1996 Dec; 47(6): 1571-4
ISSN: 0028-3878
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to examine resonances representing metabolites containing N-acetyl (NA) groups (predominantly N-acetyl aspartate), choline, and creatine within a large left-hemispheric gray matter heterotopia (GMH) in a 35-year-old man with corpus callosum agenesis. In contrast to normal brain tissue, including gray matter regions, heterotopic gray matter was characterized by relatively increased choline and creatine resonances and a normal NA signal. These data suggest increased cellular activity or persistent immature neuronal tissue in GMH relative to unaffected tissue.
MESH: Adult-; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance; Protons-
MESH: *Brain-Diseases-metabolism; *Corpus-Callosum-metabolism
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S.; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: MH30854MHNIMH; AG11427AGNIA; RR09784RRNCRR
RN: 0
NM: Protons
AN: 97120077
UD: 9704
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 220 of 280
TI: The contralateral transcallosal approach: experience with 32 patients.
AU: Lawton-MT; Golfinos-JG; Spetzler-RF
AD: Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
SO: Neurosurgery. 1996 Oct; 39(4): 729-34; discussion 734-5
ISSN: 0148-396X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the usefulness of the contralateral transcallosal approach for resecting lesions located laterally in or adjacent to the lateral ventricle. METHODS: Modifications to the standard ipsilateral transcallosal technique include positioning the head with the midline oriented horizontally, placing the side with the lesion up, and performing the craniotomy and interhemispheric dissection on the contralateral side. This approach avoids a transcortical incision, allows gravity to hold open the interhemispheric fissure, and increases the lateral exposure of the lesion. This approach was used in 32 patients with a variety of lesions, including 6 cavernous malformations, 7 arteriovenous malformations, and 19 tumors of various types. All but three lesions were located on the left side. RESULTS: All six cavernous malformations, all four benign tumors, and four of the seven arteriovenous malformations were resected completely. Malignant tumors were resected subtotally, and three arteriovenous malformations required stereotactic radiosurgery to treat residual deep nidus. There was no surgical mortality. Two patients experienced neurological deterioration. CONCLUSION: The contralateral transcallosal approach can be used to treat a variety of lesions safely and successfully.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Aged-; Cerebral-Arteriovenous-Malformations-diagnosis; Cerebral-Ventricle-Neoplasms-diagnosis; Child-; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Hemangioma,-Cavernous-diagnosis; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age; Neoplasm,-Residual-surgery; Neurologic-Examination; Postoperative-Complications-diagnosis; Radiosurgery-; Reoperation-; Treatment-Outcome
MESH: *Cerebral-Arteriovenous-Malformations-surgery; *Cerebral-Ventricle-Neoplasms-surgery; *Cerebral-Ventricles-blood-supply; *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Craniotomy-methods; *Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; *Hemangioma,-Cavernous-surgery
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97035109
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 221 of 280
TI: Shape of the human corpus callosum in childhood. Elliptic Fourier analysis on midsagittal magnetic resonance scans.
AU: Ferrario-VF; Sforza-C; Serrao-G; Frattini-T; Del-Favero-C
AD: Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico, Universita' degli Studi, Milano, Italy.
SO: Invest-Radiol. 1996 Jan; 31(1): 1-5
ISSN: 0020-9996
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors previously investigated the midsagittal magnetic resonance images of neurologically intact adults, and analyzed the shape of corpus callosum from a mathematic standpoint. Significant effects of age were demonstrated, without significant sex differences. In the current study, the same mathematic method was applied to analyze the sex and age shape differences of the human corpus callosum in childhood. METHODS: On the midsagittal magnetic resonance images of 84 neurologically intact children (39 boys, 45 girls, aged 4 months to 15 years) the outline of the corpus callosum was identified. Its shape was quantified using elliptic Fourier analysis, which allows for global evaluation of the shape of organs identified by their outlines independently from size, spatial orientation, and relationship to reference planes. Subjects were grouped by sex and age. RESULTS: The shape of the corpus callosum within age and sex classes in childhood was more homogeneous than in adulthood. A significant effect of age was demonstrated by the analysis of variance; however, no significant sex differences were found. CONCLUSIONS: Corpus callosum shape in midsagittal magnetic resonance images was strongly influenced by central nervous system development and aging, but the influence of sex was not sufficient to be detected by current standard magnetic resonance imaging technology, and by the available sample sizes. The current investigation supplies data on the normal callosal shape in the first two decades of life, thus completing previous analysis.
MESH: Adolescence-; Aging-; Analysis-of-Variance; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; Fourier-Analysis; Image-Enhancement-methods; Image-Processing,-Computer-Assisted; Infant-; Retrospective-Studies; Sex-Characteristics
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-methods
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97003019
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 222 of 280
TI: Anterior callosotomy in the management of intractable epileptic seizures: significance of the extent of resection.
AU: Sakas-DE; Phillips-J
AD: National Centre for Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
SO: Acta-Neurochir-Wien. 1996; 138(6): 700-7
ISSN: 0001-6268
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: AUSTRIA
AB: We report our series of twenty consecutive patients who underwent corpus callosotomy for medically intractable epilepsy. The follow-up is 6.7 +/- 0.5 years. Sixteen of 20 patients (80%) had a favourable outcome. Six patients have remained free of major generalized motor seizures, and ten further patients experienced significant sustained reduction in the severity and frequency of the seizures. The type of seizures associated with improved outcome were drop attacks, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, in 11 of 13 (85%) and 14 of 18 (78%) of the patients, respectively. In order to establish the extent of necessary callosal resection to achieve seizure control, the outcome of patients was correlated with the extent of callosal sectioning on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. This study confirms that an anterior callosal resection of two-thirds (or 65%) is sufficient to achieve significant improvement in seizure control with an acceptable morbidity in judiciously selected patients with medically intractable epilepsy. Results also suggest that the patient's history and clinical classification of the seizures have prognostic value as selection criteria for patients referred for this operation. In this series, no prognostic value was established for pre-operative electroencephalographic patterns, or neuroimaging findings.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Electroencephalography-; Epilepsy-physiopathology; Follow-Up-Studies; Postoperative-Complications-diagnosis; Postoperative-Complications-physiopathology; Treatment-Outcome
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Epilepsy-surgery
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96433298
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 223 of 280
TI: US case of the day. Lipoma and hypogenesis of the corpus callosum.
AU: Multz-MA; Koenigsberg-M; Lantos-G
AD: Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
SO: Radiographics. 1996 Sep; 16(5): 1227-30
ISSN: 0271-5333
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
MESH: Adult-; Brain-Neoplasms-diagnosis; Infant,-Newborn; Lipoma-diagnosis; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Pregnancy-; Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed; Ultrasonography,-Doppler,-Color
MESH: *Brain-Neoplasms-ultrasonography; *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Fetal-Diseases-ultrasonography; *Lipoma-ultrasonography; *Ultrasonography,-Prenatal
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97043206
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 224 of 280
TI: A light- and electron-microscopic study of GluR4-positive cells in cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter and corpus callosum of neonatal, immature and adult rats.
AU: Ong-WY; Leong-SK; Garey-LJ; Reynolds-R
AD: Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore. antongwy@leonis.nus.sg
SO: Exp-Brain-Res. 1996 Aug; 110(3): 367-78
ISSN: 0014-4819
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: The distribution of the [3H]alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxzalepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit GluR4 was studied in frontal, parietal and temporal cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter and corpus callosum of neonatal, immature and mature rats. In 1- to 2-day-old rats, a few oligodendrocyte progenitors and amoeboid microglia in the supraventricular part of the corpus callosum were immunolabelled for GluR4. At 7 to 10 days, the number of amoeboid microglia and oligodendrocyte progenitors in white matter increased; many neurons in cortex, including pyramidal neurons, were also moderately labelled for GluR4. The pattern of GluR4 immunostaining in 14-day-old rats was different from that in 7- to 10-day-old rats, but similar to the adult, in that there was no immunoreactivity in microglia and oligodendrocyte progenitors in subcortical white matter. A proportion of non-pyramidal neurons in cortex were moderately labelled, while some pyramidal neurons were lightly labelled. A population of small glial cells with features of oligodendrocyte progenitors were densely labelled in cortex.
MESH: Animals,-Newborn; Antibodies,-Monoclonal; Brain-cytology; Brain-growth-and-development; Cerebral-Cortex-cytology; Cerebral-Cortex-growth-and-development; Corpus-Callosum-cytology; Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; Microscopy-methods; Microscopy,-Electron; Rats-
MESH: *Brain-metabolism; *Cerebral-Cortex-chemistry; *Corpus-Callosum-chemistry; *Neurons-chemistry; *Receptors,-Metabotropic-Glutamate-analysis
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0
NM: Antibodies,-Monoclonal; Receptors,-Metabotropic-Glutamate; 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate-receptor
AN: 97024872
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 225 of 280
TI: Absence of postnatal testosterone fails to demasculinize the male rat's corpus callosum.
AU: Mack-CM; McGivern-RF; Hyde-LA; Denenberg-VH
AD: Biobehavioral Sciences Graduate Degree Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA.
SO: Brain-Res-Dev-Brain-Res. 1996 Sep 2; 95(2): 252-5
ISSN: 0165-3806
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: We had previously shown that elimination of testosterone from embryonic day 17 through adulthood reduced the midsagittal area of the male rat corpus callosum (CC). However, day 1 castration, performed after the 2-h post-birth testosterone surge, was without effect. To elucidate the contribution of this surge on the CC, male rats were delivered by cesarean section and castrated within 20 min. This procedure eliminated the 2-h postnatal rise in testosterone levels. The prenatal surge in testosterone, which occurs on embryonic day 18, remained intact. In adulthood, callosal area was examined in castrate males, sham males, and intact females. Castrate males and sham males had significantly larger CCs as compared to females. The two male groups did not differ from each other. Body weight was significantly higher in sham versus castrate males, establishing the effectiveness of the castration. These results show that hormonal organization of the CC in the male is the result of the independent action of prenatal testicular androgens, and suggest that the end of this period marks the end of callosal sensitivity to testicular hormone influence. In addition, this report documents sexual dimorphism of the CC in a third rat strain.
MESH: Analysis-of-Variance; Corpus-Callosum-embryology; Fetal-Development-physiology; Orchiectomy-; Organ-Weight-physiology; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Secretory-Rate-physiology; Testosterone-secretion
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; *Sex-Characteristics; *Testosterone-physiology
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 57-85-2
NM: Testosterone
AN: 97028887
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 226 of 280
TI: Development of the visual callosal cell distribution in the rat: mature features are present at birth.
AU: Hernit-CS; Murphy-KM; van-Sluyters-RC
AD: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-2020, USA.
SO: Vis-Neurosci. 1996 Sep-Oct; 13(5): 923-43
ISSN: 0952-5238
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: In the present study, the early postnatal distribution and subsequent fate of visual callosal neurons were studied in neonatal rat pups. Previous studies had indicated that the adult pattern of visual callosal neurons was sculpted from an initially uniform distribution in the neonatal cortex. To reexamine this issue, we used a sensitive tracer, latex microspheres conjugated either to rhodamine or fluorescein, that was injected into the occipital cortex of one hemisphere in pups on the day of birth (PND 1), PND 6, or PND 12. Examination of the resulting retrograde labeling of cortical neurons in the opposite hemisphere indicates that features of the mature visual callosal pattern are present as early as PND 1. At all stages of postnatal development, the relative density of callosal projection cells varies consistently across the mediolateral extent of primary visual cortex-it is always highest in the region of the 17/18a border and lowest in the body of area 17. These data strongly suggest that, from the outset, visual cortical neurons in the region of the 17/18a border preferentially make connections with the opposite hemisphere. The results of experiments in which callosal neurons were labeled on the day of birth indicate that only those neurons that have migrated to their final cortical destinations have extended callosal axons into the vicinity of the visual cortex in the opposite hemisphere. The initial pattern of callosal neurons resembles a dense, compact version of the mature one, and the present study suggests that much of the remaining change in the appearance of this pathway may be accounted for by the decrease in the overall density of neurons that is due to expansion of the cortical gray matter during postnatal life. Taken together, these results suggest that the development of the visual callosal pathway in the rat may be more similar to that in the monkey than has been reported previously.
MESH: Corpus-Callosum-cytology; Fluoresceins-; Fluorescent-Dyes; Latex-; Microspheres-; Neurons-cytology; Rats-; Rhodamines-; Visual-Cortex-cytology; Visual-Pathways-cytology
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; *Visual-Cortex-growth-and-development; *Visual-Pathways-growth-and-development
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S.; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: EY02193EYNEI; EY03176EYNEI
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0; 2321-07-5
NM: Fluoresceins; Fluorescent-Dyes; Latex; Rhodamines; fluorescein
AN: 97058715
UD: 9704
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 227 of 280
TI: Lack of activational influence of ovarian hormones on the size of the female rat's corpus callosum.
AU: Mack-CM; Fitch-RH; Hyde-LA; Seaman-AJ; Bimonte-HA; Wei-W; Denenberg-VH
AD: Biobehavioral Sciences Graduate Degree Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA.
SO: Physiol-Behav. 1996 Aug; 60(2): 431-4
ISSN: 0031-9384
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The sex difference in the midsagittal area of the adult rat corpus callosum (CC) has been shown to be mediated, in part, by gonadal steroids in early development, with the sensitive period of hormone action in the female extending at least up to postnatal day 25. Given this prolonged sensitivity, the current study attempted to delineate organizational vs. activational influences of gonadal hormones on the female rat CC. In Experiment 1, callosal size was examined across the estrous cycle at 52 and 90 days of age. In Experiment 2, females were ovariectomized at 78 days and CC parameters assessed at 110 days. Last, in Experiment 3, females were ovariectomized at 78 days and sacrificed at 110 days; in addition, sham females were sacrificed during proestrus or estrus. Neither stage of estrous cycle nor adult ovariectomy affected midsagittal CC size. These results provide evidence for organizational effects of ovarian steroids on the female callosum, with the sensitive period of hormone action ending sometime between days 25 and 78.
MESH: Brain-drug-effects; Brain-growth-and-development; Corpus-Callosum-drug-effects; Estrus-drug-effects; Organ-Weight-drug-effects; Ovariectomy-; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; Uterus-drug-effects; Uterus-growth-and-development
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; *Estrogens-pharmacology; *Estrogens-physiology
TG: Animal; Female
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0
NM: Estrogens
AN: 96438512
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 228 of 280
TI: Is interhemispheric connectivity reduced after callosotomy? A critique.
AU: Nielsen-TA; Montplaisir-J
AD: Hopital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal Departement de psychiatrie, Universite de Montreal, Quebec. nielsen@ere.umon-treal.ca
SO: Percept-Mot-Skills. 1996 Aug; 83(1): 348-50
ISSN: 0031-5125
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: A recent case report of interhemispheric correlational measures in a callosotomized patient by Corsi-Cabrera, Trias, Guevara, Haro, and Hernandez in 1995 provided evidence taken by the authors of the study to suggest that the corpus callosum may not be crucial to interhemispheric coupling. This conclusion was proposed even though (1) presurgical correlation measures necessary for evaluating coherence changes produced by surgery were not available for this subject and (2) previous studies presenting evidence inconsistent with their conclusions were not discussed. In view of these two shortcomings, the authors' conclusion concerning callosal function may be premature.
MESH: Brain-Mapping; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Reproducibility-of-Results
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; *Electroencephalography-; *Postoperative-Complications-physiopathology
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97027044
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 229 of 280
TI: Crossed thalamo-cortical and cortico-thalamic projections in adult mice.
AU: Carretta-D; Sbriccoli-A; Santarelli-M; Pinto-F; Granato-A; Minciacchi-D
AD: Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Italy.
SO: Neurosci-Lett. 1996 Feb 2; 204(1-2): 69-72
ISSN: 0304-3940
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: The crossed thalamo-cortical and cortico-thalamic connections of the mouse are drawn using the tracer wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase. After injections in the frontal cortex of the right hemisphere cells labeled retrogradely and axons labeled anterogradely are observed in the thalamus ipsilateral and contralateral to the cortical injections. The retrograde and anterograde labeling in the contralateral thalamus is less intense than ipsilaterally and involves the mediodorsal, ventral medial, central medial, and paracentral nuclei. Crossed fronto-thalamic axons reach more lateral regions than those containing contralateral thalamo-frontal neurons. Our results demonstrate that the thalamo-cortical system of mice has a bilateral component. The functional significance of this pathway and analogies with crossed thalamo-cortical connections in other species are discussed.
MESH: Axons-physiology; Cerebral-Cortex-cytology; Corpus-Callosum-cytology; Corpus-Callosum-physiology; Histocytochemistry-; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-C57BL; Neural-Pathways-cytology; Neural-Pathways-physiology; Rats-; Thalamic-Nuclei-cytology; Wheat-Germ-Agglutinin-Horseradish-Peroxidase-Conjugate
MESH: *Cerebral-Cortex-physiology; *Thalamic-Nuclei-physiology
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0
NM: Wheat-Germ-Agglutinin-Horseradish-Peroxidase-Conjugate
AN: 97083406
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 230 of 280
TI: A mother and daughter with agenesis of the corpus callosum.
AU: Fuchigami-T; Mazaki-R; Nishimura-A; Noguchi-Y; Fuchigami-S; Fujita-Y; Okubo-O; Harada-K
AD: Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
SO: Acta-Paediatr-Jpn. 1996 Feb; 38(1): 52-6
ISSN: 0374-5600
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: AUSTRALIA
AB: A mother and daughter with agenesis of the corpus callosum are reported. There have only been 11 prior case reports of the familial occurrence of agenesis of the corpus callosum in the absence of extracranial malformations. Most of these reports have described familial occurrence among siblings. The present communication is only the second description of a parent and child with agenesis of the corpus callosum. A review of the published cases of familial syndrome unrelated agenesis of the corpus callosum indicates that both mental, developmental and neurologic disorders in cases involving parent and child are milder than those in cases involving siblings. Of additional interest, electroencephalography performed in this patient during sleep, frequently revealed bilateral asynchronous sleep spindles, supporting the hypothesis of previous investigators that the synchronicity of sleep spindles requires intact intercerebral commissures.
MESH: Abnormalities-diagnosis; Abnormalities-physiopathology; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Electroencephalography-; Heterozygote-Detection; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Pedigree-
MESH: *Abnormalities-genetics; *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Mothers-
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW-OF-REPORTED-CASES
AN: 97104692
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 231 of 280
TI: Chiari III malformation: MRI.
AU: Aribal-ME; Gurcan-F; Aslan-B
AD: Department of Radiology, Ankara Oncology Hospital, Turkey.
SO: Neuroradiology. 1996 May; 38 Suppl 1: S184-6
ISSN: 0028-3940
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
MESH: Brain-Stem-pathology; Cerebellum-abnormalities; Cerebellum-pathology; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Cranial-Fossa,-Posterior-abnormalities; Cranial-Fossa,-Posterior-pathology; Encephalocele-pathology; Foramen-Magnum-pathology; Infant-; Spinal-Cord-abnormalities; Spinal-Cord-pathology
MESH: *Arnold-Chiari-Deformity-diagnosis; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96407658
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 232 of 280
TI: Septo-optic dysplasia (de Morsier's syndrome) associated with total callosal absence. A new type of the anomaly.
AU: Nuri-Sener-R
AD: Department of Radiology, Ege University Hospital, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
SO: J-Neuroradiol. 1996 Sep; 23(2): 79-81
ISSN: 0150-9861
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: FRANCE
AB: It is currently believed that there are two subsets of septo-optic dysplasia (de Morsier's syndrome), one with schizencephaly and the other without schizencephaly. Also, some authors consider septo-optic dysplasia as a mild form of holo-prosencephaly. This article describes a third form of the anomaly which is associated with total callosal absence. Two patients similar to this one have previously been reported. None of these three patients had interhemispheric fusion in any form, excluding holoprosencephaly. They had normal facies. All of them presented with seizures, and no hormonal abnormality was found. This new clinicoradiological type of the anomaly is suggested to be labelled as calloso-septo-optic or calloso-optic dysplasia.
MESH: Brain-abnormalities; Facies-; Holoprosencephaly-classification; Holoprosencephaly-pathology; Infant-; Optic-Chiasm-pathology; Optic-Nerve-Diseases-pathology; Seizures-etiology; Syndrome-
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Optic-Disk-abnormalities; *Septum-Pellucidum-abnormalities
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97103938
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 233 of 280
TI: Agenesis of corpus callosum.
AU: Jaynes-M; Schochet-SS Jr
AD: Department of Neurology, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
SO: Semin-Pediatr-Neurol. 1996 Sep; 3(3): 231-5
ISSN: 1071-9091
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: This 20-month-old girl was found to have an abdominal mass. She was known to have an 8p + karyotype with multiple congenital anomalies including the Pierre Robin sequence. Computed tomography disclosed agenesis of the corpus callosum. The child died following resection of a nephroblastoma. The neuropathological findings are illustrated and discussed.
MESH: Infant-
MESH: *Cerebral-Cortex-pathology; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Nephroblastoma-pathology
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97037518
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 234 of 280
TI: Headaches of recent onset and long-term learning disability.
AU: Bell-WE
AD: Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospital, Iowa City 52240, USA.
SO: Semin-Pediatr-Neurol. 1996 Sep; 3(3): 226-30
ISSN: 1071-9091
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: In the evaluation of headaches, history is everything! Usually. However, sometimes the headaches are associated with unrelated conditions simply because of their frequency. The evaluation of a child with a learning disability is also a common exercise and the trick, with both conditions, is to recognize the occasional patient who warrants further evaluation.
MESH: Adolescence-; Diagnosis,-Differential
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Headache-pathology; *Learning-Disorders-pathology
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97037517
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 235 of 280
TI: Region-specific DNA synthesis in brains of F344 rats following a six-day bromodeoxyuridine infusion.
AU: Bolon-B; Dunn-C; Goldsworthy-TL
AD: Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology (CIIT), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. bolonb@war.wyeth.com
SO: Cell-Prolif. 1996 Sep; 29(9): 505-11
ISSN: 0960-7722
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Prolonged exposure to certain alkylating chemicals induces glial and meningeal tumours in rats, probably resulting from DNA damage to dividing neural cells. The present work evaluated DNA synthesis in the brains of untreated, young adult male F344 rats in order to define a BrdUrd infusion protocol to more adequately assess proliferation in slowly dividing neural cell populations. BrdUrd (2.5 to 160 mg/ml) was administered for 6 days via subcutaneous osmotic pumps. Clinical toxicity was not observed at any dose. The labelling index (LI; % of cells per brain area that incorporated BrdUrd) and unit length labelling index (ULLI; % of cells per meningeal length that incorporated BrdUrd) were calculated for selected regions by counting labelled neural cells in defined areas of the right hemisphere in coronal brain sections. Intensely stained cells were numerous in the cerebral subependymal layer (LI = 35.8%); scattered in cerebral white matter tracts (e.g. corpus callosum and internal capsule; LI = 6.2%) as well as cerebral (ULLI = 4.2%) and cerebellar (ULLI = 3.6%) meninges; and rare in the hippocampus (LI > 0.1%). Mildy stained cells were dispersed in the pons (LI = 2.1%), deep cerebral (LI = 1.8%) and cerebellar (LI = 1.0%) grey matter, and thalamus (LI = 0.3%). Phenotypically, BrdUrd-positive cells in neuropil were glial cell precursors and their progeny, while those associated with meninges were usually located in the superficial subarachnoid space and appeared to be fibrocytes. Using BrdUrd infusion, LI for glial precursors at these sites ranged from two- to 10-fold higher than those reported previously after a brief parenteral pulse dose. These data indicate that continuous BrdUrd infusion for 6 days by subcutaneous osmotic pump is an efficient means of labelling neural cells throughout the brain.
MESH: Astrocytes-chemistry; Brain-cytology; Brain-Chemistry; Bromodeoxyuridine-analysis; Corpus-Callosum-chemistry; Immunohistochemistry-; Infusion-Pumps,-Implantable; Injections,-Subcutaneous; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-F344; Time-Factors
MESH: *Brain-metabolism; *Bromodeoxyuridine-administration-and-dosage; *DNA-biosynthesis
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 59-14-3; 9007-49-2
NM: Bromodeoxyuridine; DNA
AN: 97135099
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 236 of 280
TI: Anterior callosotomy for intractable epilepsy: outcome in a series of twenty patients.
AU: Phillips-J; Sakas-DE
AD: National Centre for Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
SO: Br-J-Neurosurg. 1996 Aug; 10(4): 351-6
ISSN: 0268-8697
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: This series reports 20 patients with intractable epilepsy who underwent corpus callosotomy during the period 1984-1993. The mean age of patients at the time of onset of seizures was 9 years and at the time of callosotomy 26 years. The seizure types were generalized tonic-clonic (18/20), drop attacks (13/20), absences (12/20) and complex partial seizures (8/20). The most common electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities were 'bilateral multiple spike and wave' (7/20), or 'generalized/multifocal spike and slow wave' (7/20). The follow-up was 5.6 (SD 0.6) years. Six patients have remained free of major generalized motor seizures and 10 additional patients experienced significant sustained reduction in the severity and frequency of the seizures. In total, 16 of 20 patients (80%) had a favourable outcome. The type of seizures associated with the most improved outcome were drop attacks, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, in 11/13 and 14/18 of the patients, respectively. No relationship was established between seizure control and preoperative EEG patterns, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging findings. The most frequent complication was transient mild left hemiparesis that occurred in four patients. The mortality was nil. This study confirms the efficacy of corpus callosum division as a surgical option for selected patients with medically intractable epilepsy. In addition, results suggest that the history and clinical classification of the seizures have prognostic value as selection criteria for patients referred for this operation.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Brain-physiopathology; Electroencephalography-; Epilepsy,-Tonic-Clonic-physiopathology; Microsurgery-; Retrospective-Studies; Treatment-Outcome
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Epilepsy,-Tonic-Clonic-surgery
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97017882
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 237 of 280
TI: [Aicardi syndrome and choroid plexus papilloma: a rare association. Case report]
TO: Sindrome de Aicardi e papiloma do plexo coroide: uma associacao rara relato de caso.
AU: Aguiar-MD; Cavalcanti-M; Barbosa-H; Vilela-SL; Mendonca-JL; Horta-E
AD: Neuropediatra do Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, Brasil.
SO: Arq-Neuropsiquiatr. 1996 Jun; 54(2): 313-7
ISSN: 0004-282X
PY: 1996
LA: PORTUGUESE; NON-ENGLISH
CP: BRAZIL
AB: The authors report a case of a 5 months old female child with clinical features of Aicardi syndrome: agenesis of the corpus callosum, occular abnormalities ("chorioretinal lacunae" and microphthalmus), infantile spasms, mental retardation, vertebral malformations and thoracic deformity. The pacient was submitted to complementary examinations that confirmed the diagnosis. The neuroradiologic images (MRI) showed besides corpus callosum agenesis a tumor located at the left ventricular atrium (choroid plexus papilloma). This association is a rare occurrence and the present case is the seventh described in literature. Furthermore, we suggest that the choroid plexus pappilloma could be a characteristic tumor of the Aicardi syndrome.
MESH: English-Abstract; Infant-; Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance; Syndrome-; Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed
MESH: *Choroid-Plexus-Neoplasms-diagnosis; *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Eye-Abnormalities-diagnosis; *Glioma-diagnosis; *Mental-Retardation-diagnosis; *Spasms,-Infantile-diagnosis
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW-OF-REPORTED-CASES
AN: 97104626
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 238 of 280
TI: Interhemispheric modulation of dopamine receptor interactions in unilateral 6-OHDA rodent model.
AU: Lawler-CP; Gilmore-JH; Watts-VJ; Walker-QD; Southerland-SB; Cook-LL; Mathis-CA; Mailman-RB
AD: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-7250, USA.
SO: Synapse. 1995 Dec; 21(4): 299-311
ISSN: 0887-4476
PY: 1995
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: A critical assumption in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model is that interactions between the intact and denervated hemispheres do not influence the response to insult. The present study examined this issue by assessing the effects of unilateral substantia nigra 6-OHDA lesions in rats that previously had received corpus callosum transections, a treatment designed to minimize interhemispheric influences. Quantitative autoradiography in the caudate-putamen ipsilateral to the lesion revealed that corpus callosum transection did not alter the increase in D2-like receptors ([125I]-epidepride-labeled sites) that is induced by unilateral 6-OHDA lesion. There were no effects of either 6-OHDA lesion or transection on D1 receptor density ([125I]-SCH23982 autoradiography). As a functional endpoint, dopamine-stimulated cAMP efflux was measured in superfused striatal slices. In this paradigm, the net effect of dopamine (DA) represents a combination of D1 receptor-mediated stimulation and D2 receptor-mediated inhibition. 6-OHDA lesion increased cAMP efflux induced by exposure to 100 microM DA alone; corpus callosum transection did not alter this effect. An interaction between 6-OHDA lesion and transection status was revealed, however, by comparison of results obtained with DA alone vs. DA plus the D2 antagonist sulpiride (to block the D2 inhibitory effects of 100 microM DA). This comparison revealed two important effects of 6-OHDA lesion in rats with an intact corpus callosum: 1) a moderate decrease in dopamine D1 receptor-mediated stimulation; and 2) a dramatic decrease in the ability of D2 receptors to inhibit this stimulation. Corpus callosum transection prevented these effects of 6-OHDA. These results provide a biochemical demonstration of D1:D2 receptor uncoupling in unilateral 6-OHDA lesioned rats, and suggest that interhemispheric influences (e.g., contralateral cortico-striatal glutamatergic projections) may contribute to lesion-induced alterations in D1:D2 receptor interactions.
MESH: Caudate-Nucleus-metabolism; Cyclic-AMP-metabolism; Denervation-; Dopamine-metabolism; Dopamine-pharmacology; Dopamine-Antagonists-pharmacology; Oxidopamine-pharmacology; Putamen-metabolism; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Substantia-Nigra-drug-effects; Sulpiride-pharmacology
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Receptors,-Dopamine-D1-metabolism; *Receptors,-Dopamine-D2-metabolism; *Substantia-Nigra-physiology
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: MH40537MHNIMH; ES07040ESNIEHS; HD03310HDNICHD
RN: 0; 0; 0; 1199-18-4; 15676-16-1; 51-61-6; 60-92-4
NM: Dopamine-Antagonists; Receptors,-Dopamine-D1; Receptors,-Dopamine-D2; Oxidopamine; Sulpiride; Dopamine; Cyclic-AMP
AN: 97022800
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 239 of 280
TI: The development of the corpus callosum in semilobar and lobar holoprosencephaly.
AU: Rubinstein-D; Cajade-Law-AG; Youngman-V; Hise-JM; Baganz-M
AD: Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Campus Box A-034, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
SO: Pediatr-Radiol. 1996 Dec; 26(12): 839-44
ISSN: 0301-0449
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether and how a true corpus callosum develops in milder cases of holoprosencephaly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MR scans of seven patients with holoprosencephaly and a callosum-like structure were reviewed. The anatomy of the callosum-like structure and the pericallosal anatomy were evaluated. RESULTS: Six of the seven cases had a posterior corpus callosum. The seventh case was indeterminate because lack of myelination prevented confirmation that the callosum-like structure consisted only of white matter. In each case the posterior corpus callosum formed posterior to white matter which spanned the interhemispheric fissure beneath a layer of cortical gray matter. CONCLUSION: A posterior corpus callosum can develop in holoprosencephaly because the first callosal axons use the white matter of the undivided hemispheres as a bridge to cross the interhemispheric fissure.
MESH: Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Holoprosencephaly-diagnosis; Infant-; Infant,-Newborn; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Holoprosencephaly-pathology
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97083678
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 240 of 280
TI: Sek4 and Nuk receptors cooperate in guidance of commissural axons and in palate formation.
AU: Orioli-D; Henkemeyer-M; Lemke-G; Klein-R; Pawson-T
AD: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
SO: EMBO-J. 1996 Nov 15; 15(22): 6035-49
ISSN: 0261-4189
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Sek4 and Nuk are members of the Eph-related family of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases. These receptors interact with a set of cell surface ligands that have recently been implicated in axon guidance and fasciculation. We now demonstrate that the formation of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure, two major commissural axon tracts that connect the two cerebral hemispheres, is critically dependent on Sek4 and Nuk. While mice deficient in Nuk exhibit defects in pathfinding of anterior commissure axons, sek4 mutants have defects in corpus callosum formation. The phenotype in both axon tracts is markedly more severe in sek4/nuk1 double mutants, indicating that the two receptors act in a partially redundant fashion. sek4/nuk1 double mutants also exhibit specific guidance and fasciculation defects of diencephalic axon tracts. Moreover, while mice singly deficient in either Sek4 or Nuk are viable, most sek4/nuk1 double mutants die immediately after birth primarily due to a cleft palate. These results demonstrate essential and cooperative functions for Sek4 and Nuk in establishing axon pathways in the developing brain, and during the development of facial structures.
MESH: Central-Nervous-System-growth-and-development; Central-Nervous-System-metabolism; Cleft-Palate-genetics; Corpus-Callosum-cytology; Corpus-Callosum-metabolism; Gene-Targeting-methods; Heterozygote-; Histocytochemistry-; Homozygote-; Mice-; Mice,-Knockout; Mutation-genetics; Nerve-Tissue-Proteins-metabolism; Phenotype-; Polymerase-Chain-Reaction; Pregnancy-; Proteins-; Receptors,-Cell-Surface-genetics; Staining-; Stem-Cells
MESH: *Axons-metabolism; *Fetal-Proteins-metabolism; *Gene-Expression-Regulation,-Developmental-genetics; *Palate-growth-and-development; *Receptor-Protein-Tyrosine-Kinase-metabolism; *Receptors,-Cell-Surface-metabolism
TG: Animal; Female; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: EC 2.7.1.-; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0
NM: Receptor-Protein-Tyrosine-Kinase; Eph-ligand-family-1-protein,-mammalian; Fetal-Proteins; Nerve-Tissue-Proteins; Proteins; Receptors,-Cell-Surface; Sek-protein
AN: 97102786
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 241 of 280
TI: Thinning of the corpus callosum in older alcoholic men: a magnetic resonance imaging study.
AU: Pfefferbaum-A; Lim-KO; Desmond-JE; Sullivan-EV
AD: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.
SO: Alcohol-Clin-Exp-Res. 1996 Jun; 20(4): 752-7
ISSN: 0145-6008
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: A brain image averaging technique was applied to three-dimensional magnetic resonance images to identify visually detectable brain volume abnormalities in chronically alcoholic men, compared with healthy control men. This technique, which was based on pixel-by-pixel statistical probability mapping, revealed a dramatic reduction in the area of the corpus callosum in older alcoholics (age 45 years or older), relative to age-matched controls. Subsequent analysis used anatomical landmarks to outline the borders of midsagittal sections of the corpus callosum in a larger group of alcoholics and controls, who spanned the adult age range from 23 to 71 years. This analysis revealed significant reduction, most prominent in the genu and body, of total callosal area in the alcoholic group relative to the control group; the results were the same whether raw area measures or head size plus age adjusted measure were analyzed. Significant thinning of the callosal body in alcoholics is usually attributed to the relatively rare, nutritional-deficient condition, Marchiafava-Bignami disease. However, callosal thinning was present in vivo in chronic alcoholics without clinical symptoms of severe liver disease, amnesia, or alcoholic dementia. These data suggest that chronic alcoholism can be characterized by a continuum of graded brain dysmorphology, rather than classical alcoholic-related subsyndromes, such as Marchiafava-Bignami disease.
MESH: Adult-; Age-Factors; Aged-; Atrophy-; Image-Processing,-Computer-Assisted; Middle-Age; Reference-Values
MESH: *Alcoholism-pathology; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
TG: Human; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S.; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: AA05965AANIAAA; MH30854MHNIMH
AN: 96393622
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 242 of 280
TI: Cleft lip and palate associated with malformation of the central nervous system: a prospective neurosonographic study.
AU: Shen-EY; Huang-FY
AD: Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
SO: Acta-Paediatr-Sin. 1996 Jan-Feb; 37(1): 39-44
ISSN: 0001-6578
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: TAIWAN
AB: A prospective neurosonographic study was undertaken on 190 patients with non-syndrome cleft lip and/or palate. Among them, six cases (3.2%) demonstrated malformations of the central nervous system. Included were four cases of midline cleft lip and palate showing holoprosencephaly; one case of bilateral cleft lip and midline cleft palate showing dysplasia of the septum pallicidum and one case of bilateral cleft lip and palate showing dysgenesis of corpus callosum. The patients with midline clefts were not obligatory associated with malformation of the brain, but their incidence was higher (four of nine case or 44.4%). The neurosonogram provides a portable, low cost, non-invasive and efficient technique in the diagnosis of gross anomaly of the neonatal brain, and can thus serve as a screening test in those patients with clefts.
MESH: Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Corpus-Callosum-ultrasonography; Cost-Benefit-Analysis; Echoencephalography-economics; Holoprosencephaly-ultrasonography; Infant-; Infant,-Newborn; Neonatal-Screening-economics
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-ultrasonography; *Brain-abnormalities; *Cleft-Lip-ultrasonography; *Cleft-Palate-ultrasonography; *Echoencephalography-
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97090101
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 243 of 280
TI: White matter magnetic resonance imaging hyperintensity in Alzheimer's disease: correlations with corpus callosum atrophy.
AU: Vermersch-P; Roche-J; Hamon-M; Daems-Monpeurt-C; Pruvo-JP; Dewailly-P; Petit-H
AD: Department of Neurology, CHU de Lille, France.
SO: J-Neurol. 1996 Mar; 243(3): 231-4
ISSN: 0340-5354
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: We have previously demonstrated with MRI that as well as marked white matter involvement in late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), atrophy of the corpus callosum may also be present. This finding prompted us to study possible correlations between atrophy of the corpus callosum and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and between white matter lesions and the severity of the disease. We compared the corpus callosum and white matter lesions on MRI from 15 AD patients and 15 controls. The white matter lesions were scored according to the Scheltens' rating scale. We found a significant reduction of the area of the corpus callosum and more severe white matter lesions in AD patients than in controls. Both atrophy of the corpus callosum and the severity of lesions depended mainly on the diagnosis of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type and on age but not on the diagnosis of presenile AD. We demonstrated a negative correlation between white matter lesions scores and areas of corpus callosum in AD patients and no correlation between the white matter lesions and the severity of the disease. We demonstrated that white matter lesions including WMH and atrophy of the corpus callosum are more frequent in AD than in controls. The predominance of white matter lesions in senile AD may be explained by the combination of aging and disease processes.
MESH: Aged-; Aged,-80-and-over; Atrophy-; Case-Control-Studies; Regression-Analysis
MESH: *Alzheimer's-Disease-pathology; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97090444
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 244 of 280
TI: Developing models for developmental disorders [letter]
AU: Teicher-MH
SO: Dev-Psychobiol. 1996 Jul; 29(5): 397
ISSN: 0012-1630
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
MESH: Brain-Mapping; Caudate-Nucleus-abnormalities; Caudate-Nucleus-pathology; Cerebellum-abnormalities; Cerebellum-pathology; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Fetal-Alcohol-Syndrome-classification; Fetal-Alcohol-Syndrome-physiopathology; Infant-; Infant,-Newborn; Pregnancy-; Rats-; Risk-Factors
MESH: *Disease-Models,-Animal; *Fetal-Alcohol-Syndrome-diagnosis
TG: Animal; Female; Human
PT: LETTER
AN: 96405348
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 245 of 280
TI: The successful integration of animal and human studies [letter]
AU: Terry-LM
SO: Dev-Psychobiol. 1996 Jul; 29(5): 396-7
ISSN: 0012-1630
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
MESH: Basal-Ganglia-abnormalities; Basal-Ganglia-pathology; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Diagnostic-Imaging; Fetal-Alcohol-Syndrome-classification; Fetal-Alcohol-Syndrome-diagnosis; Infant-; Infant,-Newborn; Pregnancy-; Rats-
MESH: *Disease-Models,-Animal; *Fetal-Alcohol-Syndrome-physiopathology
TG: Animal; Female; Human
PT: LETTER
AN: 96405347
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 246 of 280
TI: Absence of fetal corpus callosum associated with intrapartum cardiotocographic nonreactivity.
AU: Cincotta-R; Brennecke-S
AD: Department of Perinatal Medicine, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne.
SO: Aust-N-Z-J-Obstet-Gynaecol. 1995 Nov; 35(4): 450-2
ISSN: 0004-8666
PY: 1995
LA: ENGLISH
CP: AUSTRALIA
MESH: Adult-; Pregnancy-
MESH: *Cardiotocography-; *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Heart-Rate,-Fetal
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96363207
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 247 of 280
TI: Atrophy of the corpus callosum associated with cognitive impairment and widespread cortical hypometabolism in carotid artery occlusive disease.
AU: Yamauchi-H; Fukuyama-H; Nagahama-Y; Katsumi-Y; Dong-Y; Konishi-J; Kimura-J
AD: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.
SO: Arch-Neurol. 1996 Nov; 53(11): 1103-9
ISSN: 0003-9942
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether atrophy of the corpus callosum is associated with cognitive impairment and widespread cerebral cortical hypometabolism in carotid artery occlusive disease. PATIENTS: Twelve patients with unilateral internal carotid artery occlusive disease (1 with severe stenosis and 11 with occlusion) and no cortical infarction in the chronic stage (mean +/- SD age, 64 +/- 5 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Midsagittal corpus callosum area-skull area ratio (on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images), the sum of the scaled scores of the 6 subtests on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (Digit Span, Arithmetic, Picture Arrangement, Object Assembly, Block Design, and Digit Symbol), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (measured with position emission tomography by using the oxygen 15 steady-state technique). RESULTS: The degree of cognitive impairment varied but was strongly correlated with the severity of callosal atrophy (r = 0.92, P < .001). Patients with callosal atrophy and cognitive decline also showed decreased oxygen consumption in the bilateral cerebral cortices. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the severity of white matter lesions, especially in the centrum semiovale, and that of cortical atrophy in the hemisphere with arterial disease were 2 important factors for callosal atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Callosal atrophy is associated with cognitive impairment and widespread cerebral cortical hypometabolism in carotid artery occlusive disease without cortical infarction. Callosal atrophy might reflect the severity of the disconnection between cortical regions, and this may be an important factor in the development of cognitive impairment with widespread cortical hypometabolism in carotid artery occlusive disease without large cortical lesions.
MESH: Aged-; Arterial-Occlusive-Diseases-radionuclide-imaging; Atrophy-pathology; Atrophy-radionuclide-imaging; Carotid-Artery-Diseases-radionuclide-imaging; Corpus-Callosum-radionuclide-imaging; Middle-Age; Tomography,-Emission-Computed
MESH: *Arterial-Occlusive-Diseases-pathology; *Carotid-Artery-Diseases-pathology; *Cognition-Disorders-pathology; *Corpus-Callosum-pathology
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97069500
UD: 9702
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 248 of 280
TI: Ring chromosome 9: an atypical case.
AU: Lanzi-G; Fazzi-E; Veggiotti-P; Pagliano-E; Gariglio-M; Bonaglia-C; Landolfo-S
AD: Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, C. Mondino Foundation, Neurological Institute IRCCS, University of Pavia, Italy.
SO: Brain-Dev. 1996 May-Jun; 18(3): 216-9
ISSN: 0387-7604
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: A new case of ring chromosome 9 in a 36-month-old child is presented. In addition to the pathognomonic features of this rare disorder (only 21 cases reported), our patient presents some peculiarities, such as corpus callosum hypoplasia and epileptic seizures (infantile periodic spasms). We also observed a reduced level of leukocyte interferon alpha whose synthesis is controlled by a gene on chromosome 9 and which could be responsible for the recurrent respiratory tract infections, typical and sometimes fatal in these patients.
MESH: Adult-; Bronchitis-diagnosis; Bronchitis-immunology; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Electroencephalography-; Epilepsy-etiology; Epilepsy-genetics; Karyotyping-; Leukocytes-immunology; Recurrence-
MESH: *Chromosome-Abnormalities; *Chromosomes,-Human,-Pair-9; *Ring-Chromosomes
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96433517
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 249 of 280
TI: Bilateral symmetry detection: testing a 'callosal' hypothesis.
AU: Herbert-AM; Humphrey-GK
AD: Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
SO: Perception. 1996; 25(4): 463-80
ISSN: 0301-0066
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: At the end of the 19th century Mach observed that vertical symmetry is more easily perceived than is symmetry at other orientations, and proposed this resulted from bilateral symmetry in the visual system. Numerous studies of symmetry detection have been conducted, but none has been concentrated on Mach's proposal. Recent interpretations of Mach's hypothesis suggest the corpus callosum mediates the vertical-symmetry advantage. In this 'callosal' hypothesis it is suggested that the detectability of symmetry should be narrowly tuned around vertical, and that presentation of patterns away from fixation should disrupt the vertical advantage. We found that the vertical advantage was disrupted by presentation of patterns 1.2 deg from fixation, while detection of symmetry at other orientations was not disrupted. At fixation the orientation tuning was at least within +/- 10 degrees of vertical. The detection of vertical symmetry at fixation was found to be anomalous in two subjects born without a corpus callosum as compared with controls, but relatively normal for presentation off fixation. The three experiments reported are in agreement with some of the predictions derived from the callosal hypothesis. It appears that the callosal hypothesis may account for the relative advantage of vertical symmetry at fixation, but other mechanisms must operate to detect symmetry at other orientations and positions.
MESH: Adult-; Discrimination-Learning-physiology; Fixation,-Ocular-physiology
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; *Orientation-physiology; *Pattern-Recognition,-Visual-physiology
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96414601
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 250 of 280
TI: MRI findings in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
AU: Anlar-B; Saatci-I; Kose-G; Yalaz-K
AD: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
SO: Neurology. 1996 Nov; 47(5): 1278-83
ISSN: 0028-3878
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Thirty-four MRI studies of 26 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis are reported. Lesions of high signal intensity on T2-weighted images are the most common finding; they frequently involve the periventricular or subcortical white matter. Lesions tend to start in the cortex-subcortical white matter and progress with periventricular white matter involvement and diffuse cerebral atrophy. Pial and parenchymal contrast enhancement, local mass effect of parenchymal lesions, and involvement of the splenic portion of the corpus callosum are not infrequent. Basal ganglia and brainstem lesions were rare in this series. Although cortical and subcortical lesions have some correlation with clinical findings, the extent and location of the periventricular white matter lesions and cerebral atrophy did not reflect the neurologic status in many patients.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Cerebral-Cortex-pathology; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Time-Factors
MESH: *Subacute-Sclerosing-Panencephalitis-pathology
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97065962
UD: 9702
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 251 of 280
TI: Further evidence that the callosum is involved in sustaining attention.
AU: Rueckert-L; Levy-J
AD: University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ulruecke@uxa.ecn.bgu.edu
SO: Neuropsychologia. 1996 Sep; 34(9): 927-35
ISSN: 0028-3932
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: This study is a follow-up to a previous study that found a correlation between callosal efficiency and sustained attention. Normal children were tested on a vigilance task in which the amount of time between target presentations (interstimulus interval; ISI) was varied. Efficiency of the anterior callosum was assessed by a task that required subjects to perform incongruent movements with the left and right hands simultaneously. Subjects who showed less interference between the two hands missed fewer signals on the vigilance task after the longer ISIs, suggesting callosal involvement in the ability to sustain attention over a long period of time in the absence of sensory input. Age differences in the sustained attention were also observed.
MESH: Age-Factors; Arousal-physiology; Child-
MESH: *Attention-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-physiology
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: RR0702924RRNCRR
AN: 96420040
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 252 of 280
TI: Sustained attention deficits in patients with right frontal lesions.
AU: Rueckert-L; Grafman-J
AD: Cognitive Neuroscience Section, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. ULRUECKE@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU
SO: Neuropsychologia. 1996 Oct; 34(10): 953-63
ISSN: 0028-3932
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Patients with frontal lobe lesions were compared to controls matched for age and education on several tests of sustained attention. One was a simple reaction time task requiring subjects to respond whenever they saw an "X', one was a Continuous Performance Test that required subjects to respond to an "X' but refrain from responding to other letters, and one involved reading a story and responding to a specified target. Patients with right frontal lesions showed longer RTs and missed more targets than control subjects for all three tests. In addition, right frontal patients got worse with time on the CPT. These results suggest a special role for the right frontal lobe in sustaining attention over time.
MESH: Arousal-; Basal-Ganglia-physiopathology; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Gyrus-Cinguli-physiopathology; Middle-Age; Reaction-Time; Task-Performance-and-Analysis
MESH: *Attention-; *Frontal-Lobe-physiopathology; *Laterality-
TG: Comparative-Study; Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96440750
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 253 of 280
TI: Left hemisphere representations of emotional facial expressions.
AU: Stone-VE; Nisenson-L; Eliassen-JC; Gazzaniga-MS
AD: Centre for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
SO: Neuropsychologia. 1996 Jan; 34(1): 23-9
ISSN: 0028-3932
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Researchers have suggested that the right hemisphere is superior at processing emotional facial expressions because it contains stored perceptual 'templates' of facial expressions. We tested each hemisphere of a split-brain patient on two tasks involving emotional facial expressions. Both hemispheres performed equally well and significantly above chance matching facial expressions with emotion words. The subject's right hemisphere consistently performed well judging whether two facial expressions were the same or different. His left hemisphere performed poorly on this discrimination task at first, but showed a sharp improvement when the instructions were changed slightly, emphasizing verbal labels for the facial expressions. Results suggest that 'facial expression templates' may not be stored only on the right.
MESH: Adult-; Corpus-Callosum-physiology; Corpus-Callosum-surgery; Discrimination-Psychology-physiology; Verbal-Behavior; Visual-Fields
MESH: *Emotions-physiology; *Facial-Expression; *Laterality-physiology; *Social-Perception
TG: Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: CLINICAL-TRIAL; JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: PHSNS31443NSNINDS; PHSNS17778NSNINDS
AN: 97005391
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 254 of 280
TI: Interhemispheric depth judgement.
AU: Rivest-J; Cavanagh-P; Lassonde-M
AD: Psychology Department, Glendon College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
SO: Neuropsychologia. 1994 Jan; 32(1): 69-76
ISSN: 0028-3932
PY: 1994
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Interhemispheric depth comparisons were studied by requiring subjects to align in depth two textured plates, one presented to the left hemifield and the other to the right. Callosal agenesis subjects and neurologically-normal control subjects adjusted the plates so that they appeared to be at the same distance. Subjects viewed the plates monocularly or binocularly while keeping their head still, moving it side-to-side or moving it up and down. Subjects fixated a target located between the two plates while performing the task. For all subjects, the results showed that the deviations from veridical settings were significantly smaller for the binocular than for the monocular viewing conditions. Moreover, there were no significant differences among the three binocular viewing conditions (horizontal, vertical or no head movement), indicating that neither vertical nor horizontal motion parallax improves the precision of depth judgement when binocular disparity is available. These results further suggest that the precision of interhemispheric comparison for binocular depth is not affected by the absence of the corpus callosum. Looking at the plates monocularly, the control subjects judge the relative depth between the plates more precisely when they moved their head than when they kept it still. These results show that motion parallax is a useful depth cue when relative motion is extracted from different hemifields. Unlike the control subjects, the callosal agenesis subjects did not judge the relative depth between the plates more precisely when they moved their head than when they kept it still. These results show that interhemispheric comparison of depth using relative motion is not possible without the corpus callosum.
MESH: Adult-; Brain-Damage,-Chronic-genetics; Brain-Damage,-Chronic-physiopathology; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Discrimination-Learning-physiology; Head-Movements-physiology; Orientation-physiology; Vision-Disparity-physiology; Vision,-Binocular-physiology; Vision,-Monocular-physiology
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Depth-Perception-physiology; *Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; *Pattern-Recognition,-Visual-physiology
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: EY09258EYNEI
AN: 96415188
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 255 of 280
TI: Lexical decision after left, right and bilateral presentation of function words, content words and non-words: evidence for interhemispheric interaction.
AU: Mohr-B; Pulvermuller-F; Zaidel-E
AD: UCLA, Department of Psychology 90024-1563, USA.
SO: Neuropsychologia. 1994 Jan; 32(1): 105-24
ISSN: 0028-3932
PY: 1994
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Function words, content words and pronounceable non-words (pseudowords) were presented tachistoscopically either in the left or the right visual field or with identical copies flashed simultaneously to both visual half-fields. Consistent with earlier studies [10], function words were found to show a right visual field advantage, whereas for content words the right visual field advantage was absent. Compared to either of the unilateral modes of presentation, bilateral presentation of identical word stimuli improved accuracy and latency significantly. The bilateral (Bi) advantage was largest for content words, and was also highly significant for function words in both latency and accuracy. The Bi gain was absent for non-words (significant interaction of Wordness x Visual Field). These results indicate that the lexicons of the left and right hemisphere can "collaborate" rather than inhibit each other or act independently when processing the same linguistic stimuli. Our findings are consistent with the view that the neuronal counterparts of words are Hebbian cell assemblies consisting of strongly connected excitatory neurons of both hemispheres. Since function words show a right visual field advantage in addition to their Bi gain, their assemblies are likely to have most of their neurons located in the left hemisphere. Neuronal assemblies corresponding to content words may be less strongly lateralized.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Attention-physiology; Corpus-Callosum-physiology; Neurons-physiology; Psycholinguistics-; Reaction-Time-physiology; Visual-Fields-physiology
MESH: *Cerebral-Cortex-physiology; *Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; *Reading-; *Semantics-; *Verbal-Learning-physiology
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: RSAMH00179MHNIMH
AN: 96415192
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 256 of 280
TI: Effects of postnatal cocaine on differentiation of the rat corpus callosum.
AU: Ojima-K; Abiru-H; Matsumoto-H; Hayase-T; Matsubayashi-K; Nakamura-C; Fukui-Y
AD: Department of Legal Medicine, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
SO: Nippon-Hoigaku-Zasshi. 1996 Jun; 50(3): 156-62
ISSN: 0047-1887
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: JAPAN
AB: We investigated the effects of cocaine on the development of the corpus callosum. Pregnant Wistar strain rats (Thirteenth day of gestation) were used in this study. On the day following birth, litters were culled to 8 pups (4 males and 4 females), and rats were assigned to either a control or drug treatment group. From postnatal day 1 (P1, at birth = P0) to P5, cocaine (50 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected to the cocaine-treated pups, and saline in the same volume to the control pups. Animals were sacrificed in 110 days and a mid-sagittal section of the callosum was obtained. From this section the morphometric measurement of the corpus callosum was performed. In the control group the rat corpus callosum has a sex difference with the male corpus callosum being larger than the female's. But this sex difference disappeared in the cocaine group. This was attributed to the fact that cocaine-treated male rats indicated a significant reduction of callosal area. These findings suggest that the early postnatal cocaine can abolish the sexual differentiation of the corpus callosum.
MESH: Animals,-Newborn; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Pregnancy-; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar
MESH: *Cocaine-adverse-effects; *Corpus-Callosum-drug-effects; *Sex-Characteristics
TG: Animal; Female; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 50-36-2
NM: Cocaine
AN: 96304136
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 257 of 280
TI: [Acute Marchiafava-Bignami Disease. A case]
TO: Maladie de Marchiafava-Bignami aigue. Une observation.
AU: Girault-JM; Armand-JP; Dousset-V; Daube-X; Schoenenberger-P; Carller-P; Caille-JM
AD: Service de Radiologie, HIA Robert-Picque, Bordeaux Armees.
SO: J-Radiol. 1996 Sep; 77(9): 675-7
ISSN: 0221-0363
PY: 1996
LA: FRENCH; NON-ENGLISH
CP: FRANCE
MESH: Acute-Disease; Adult-; Demyelinating-Diseases-radiography; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Necrosis-; Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Demyelinating-Diseases-diagnosis
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97099557
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 258 of 280
TI: Tumours of the callosal area: problems and surgical strategies.
AU: de-Divitiis-E; Zona-G
AD: Institute of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
SO: J-Neurosurg-Sci. 1995 Sep; 39(3): 147-52
ISSN: 0390-5616
PY: 1995
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: Tumours of the callosal area are quite common. However, those primarily located in this region which remain confined within the corpus callosum area not frequent. The introduction of intraoperative location devices, coupled with preoperative MR, CT and angiography, has further enhanced the operability of lesions of the deep area around the callosal body. On the basis of their site of origin, three groups of tumours can be identified: tumours originating from the corpus callosum (defined as properly callosal); tumours secondarily invading the corpus callosum; tumours affecting the corpus callosum because of their surgical approach. Various routes have been developed to reach the callosal area, the site and direction of growth of the tumour providing indications for the preferred approach. The commonest routes are the following: interhemispheric approach; transcerebral approach; transcallosal approach; the transcallosal approach to the ventricles offers a valuable corridor in the management of intraventricular tumours. It provides a rapid and safe access, without the attendant epilepsy that often follows the transcortical approach. The neuro-psychological effect of callosotomy are minimal and not affecting the daily activities of patients. Thus it is possible to reach remote regions through a narrow entry with very low neuro-psychological impact.
MESH: Microsurgery-methods
MESH: *Brain-Neoplasms-surgery; *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Neurocytoma-surgery; *Neurosurgery-methods
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96253701
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 259 of 280
TI: Response of amoeboid microglial cells to chloroquine injections in postnatal rats.
AU: Kaur-C; Wu-CH; Singh-J; Ling-EA
AD: Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
SO: J-Hirnforsch. 1996; 37(2): 233-42
ISSN: 0021-8359
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: One-day-old postnatal rats were given single daily intraperitoneal injections of chloroquine for 6 successive days and sacrificed at 7, 14 and 21 days of age. In rats killed at 7 days of age, the amoeboid microglial cells in the corpus callosum above the lateral ventricles showed a marked increase in vacuoles and lysosomes by electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical study showed that the number and OX-42 immunoreactivity of these cells were comparable to those of the control rats. At 14 days, the immunoreactive amoeboid microglia appeared hypertrophic and their immunoreactivity was noticeably enhanced when compared with the ramified cells in the controls. Ultrastructurally the amoeboid microglial cells in the chloroquine-treated cells showed massive lysosomes. At 21 days, the immunoreactivity of amoeboid microglial cells and their lysosomes were comparable to those of the controls. Results with the antibodies ED1 and OX-18 paralleled those with OX-42 in terms of the temporal change of immunoreactivity and external morphology of amoeboid microglia. OX-6 immunoreactive cells were not observed in both groups of rats. With the isolectin, Griffonia simplicifolia, the reaction product which was normally confined to the plasma membrane of amoeboid microglia was also localized in vacuoles and the massive lysosomes in the chloroquine-injected rats suggesting the internalization of plasma membrane and its sequestration in the lysosomes. It is concluded from this study that although amoeboid microglial cells responded vigorously to chloroquine, its effects are reversible since with the discontinuance of the drug and prolongation of survival interval, the cells regained their normal features.
MESH: Animals,-Newborn; Microscopy,-Electron; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar
MESH: *Chloroquine-pharmacology; *Corpus-Callosum-ultrastructure; *Microglia-drug-effects; *Microglia-ultrastructure
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 54-05-7
NM: Chloroquine
AN: 96372690
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 260 of 280
TI: Evidence for a facilitatory role of callosal afferents to the cat motor cortex in the initiation of conditioned bilateral movements.
AU: Spidalieri-G; Guandalini-P; Franchi-G
AD: Institute of Human Physiology, University of Ferrara, Italy.
SO: Exp-Brain-Res. 1996 Feb; 108(1): 185-90
ISSN: 0014-4819
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: The effects of selective transection of the rostralmost portion of the corpus callosum, which contains fibres interconnecting the motor cortices of the two hemispheres, on frequency of occurrence and latency of conditioned responses (CRs) in both eyes were examined in seven cats trained to blink in response to a 500-ms tone. A 100-ms air-puff delivered to one eye only (ipsilateral eye) 400 ms after tone onset was used as an unconditioned stimulus. Both before and after callosal lesion, bilateral CRs were the most frequent response pattern. Following callosal lesion, a statistically significant reduction in the percentage of CRs in at least one eye was observed in only two cats. In all seven animals, both before and after callosal lesion, the mean CR latencies of the ipsilateral eye were significantly shorter than those of the contralateral eye. Callosal lesion caused a significant increase in the mean CR latencies of both eyes in all subjects. These results provide evidence that the two hemispheres influence each other in controlling conditioned bilateral blinking by reciprocally exchanging facilitatory signals contributing to initiation of CRs in both eyes.
MESH: Acoustic-Stimulation; Blinking-; Cats-; Corpus-Callosum-cytology; Reaction-Time
MESH: *Conditioning-Psychology; *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Motor-Activity-physiology; *Motor-Cortex-physiology; *Neurons,-Afferent-physiology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96276496
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 261 of 280
TI: Interhemispheric facilitation and inhibition studied in man with double magnetic stimulation.
AU: Salerno-A; Georgesco-M
AD: Laboratoire d' electromyographie, Hopital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France.
SO: Electroencephalogr-Clin-Neurophysiol. 1996 Oct; 101(5): 395-403
ISSN: 0013-4694
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: Double magnetic stimulation was used to investigate the influence of a conditioning magnetic shock, applied to the hand motor area, on the size of the EMG response of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle elicited by magnetic test stimulation, applied to the same area of the opposite hemisphere, in 55 subjects unaffected by neurological disease. Both hemispheres were studied and compared at different intervals between shocks, ranging from 1-15 ms. With short intervals between shocks (1-5 ms), the EMG response to the target muscle of the test shock was increased (facilitation); it diminished after 6 ms (inhibition). Facilitatory effects started at 1-2 ms between shocks and lasted up to 5 ms between shocks. They were mainly present on one side; only 11/35 subjects tested from 1 to 5 ms between shocks had bilateral facilitatory effects. No significant differences between right and left hemispheres and sexes were noted. The conduction time to mediate facilitation between hemispheres was estimated at 8-9 ms. No facilitation occurred when the electrical test shock was conditioned by a magnetic shock, or when the magnetic test shock was conditioned by an electrical shock. We conclude that facilitation takes place at the cortical level since electrical stimulation is known to act on axons and magnetic stimulation on neurons. Facilitation did not occur when the magnetic conditioning coil was moved away from the motor area, suggesting that it requires pathways that link these areas, e.g. the corpus callosum. Facilitation was observed with muscles at rest; it disappeared when the FDI muscle was contracted. Inhibition occurred after 6 ms between shocks. It was noted in both hemispheres, in all subjects tested with no gender differences observed. The depth of inhibition increased with an increase in the interval between shocks. It clearly started at 6 ms between shocks in both hemispheres. The conduction time between hemispheres for inhibitory phenomena was estimated at 13 ms. We concluded that interhemispheric facilitatory and inhibitory phenomena are present in man, as suggested by experimental data in animals. For clinical purposes, we propose an interval of 4 ms between shocks to investigate facilitatory interhemispheric influences and 11 ms for inhibitory effects.
MESH: Adult-; Aged-; Cats-; Middle-Age
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-physiology; *Evoked-Potentials,-Motor-physiology; *Hand-physiology; *Magnetics-
TG: Animal; Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97070266
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 262 of 280
TI: A case report: corpus callosum dysgenesis, microcephaly, infantile spasm, cleft lip-palate, exophthalmos and psychomotor retardation.
AU: Tutuncuoglu-S; Ozkinay-F; Genel-F; Uran-N; Ozgur-T
AD: Pediatrics Department, Ege University Hospital, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
SO: Clin-Genet. 1996 Apr; 49(4): 220-2
ISSN: 0009-9163
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: DENMARK
AB: In this report, a case with corpus callosum dysgenesis, infantile spasm, microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, exophthalmos, cleft lip-palate and abnormal EEG findings is presented. His parents are first-degree relatives. We could not fully match the findings of our patient with the criteria of any syndrome published to date.
MESH: Brain-Diseases-genetics; Cleft-Lip-genetics; Cleft-Palate-complications; Consanguinity-; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Electroencephalography-; Exophthalmos-genetics; Infant-; Karyotyping-; Mental-Retardation-genetics; Microcephaly-complications; Myocardium-pathology
MESH: *Cleft-Palate-genetics; *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Microcephaly-genetics; *Psychomotor-Disorders-genetics; *Spasms,-Infantile-genetics
TG: Case-Report; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96426711
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 263 of 280
TI: A quantitative analysis of rat central nervous system myelination using the immunohistochemical method for MBP.
AU: Hamano-K; Iwasaki-N; Takeya-T; Takita-H
AD: Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken, Japan.
SO: Brain-Res-Dev-Brain-Res. 1996 May 31; 93(1-2): 18-22
ISSN: 0165-3806
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: The temporal order of the myelination of the nervous pathways in 0-42-day-old Wistar rats was quantitatively analyzed using immunohistochemistry with anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) antibody. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue according to the standard ABC technique. For the objective evaluation of myelination, we converted the level stained with the immunohistochemical method into continuous numbers of 0-256 giving the intensity of myelination, using an image analyzing system. We analyzed nine nervous pathways: corpus callosum, optic tract, internal capsule, spinal tract of trigeminal nerve, inferior cerebellar peduncle, cerebellar white matter, pyramidal tract, medial longitudinal fasciculus, and cuneate fasciculus. The onset of the myelination of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve, inferior cerebellar peduncle, medial longitudinal fasciculus and cuneate fasciculus was day 7 (postnatal). That of the corpus callosum, optic tract, internal capsule and cerebellar white matter was day 14, and that of the pyramidal tract was day 21. The time required to reach the level of myelination of day 42 was day 21 for the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve and the inferior cerebellar peduncle, day 28 for the internal capsule, day 35 for the corpus callosum, optic tract, cerebellar white matter and pyramidal tract, and day 42 for the medial longitudinal fasciculus. Our method using immunohistochemistry with anti-MBP antibody provided a highly sensitive and objective criterion for judging precisely the time and the progress of myelination in each nervous pathway and compare one nervous pathway with another.
MESH: Age-Factors; Antibody-Specificity; Biological-Markers; Corpus-Callosum-chemistry; Immunohistochemistry-; Nerve-Fibers,-Myelinated-chemistry; Nerve-Fibers,-Myelinated-immunology; Neural-Pathways; Optic-Nerve-chemistry; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; Trigeminal-Nerve-chemistry
MESH: *Brain-Chemistry; *Myelin-Basic-Proteins-analysis; *Myelin-Sheath-chemistry
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0
NM: Biological-Markers; Myelin-Basic-Proteins
AN: 96397795
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 264 of 280
TI: A quantitative MRI study of the corpus callosum in children and adolescents.
AU: Giedd-JN; Rumsey-JM; Castellanos-FX; Rajapakse-JC; Kaysen-D; Vaituzis-AC; Vauss-YC; Hamburger-SD; Rapoport-JL
AD: Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1600, USA. jgiedd@helix.nih.gov
SO: Brain-Res-Dev-Brain-Res. 1996 Feb 26; 91(2): 274-80
ISSN: 0165-3806
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: Total midsagittal area and seven subdivisions of the corpus callosum were measured on magnetic resonance images of 114 healthy boys and girls, aged 4 to 18. Striking variability of size was noted for all measures. Total midsagittal corpus callosum area increased in a robust and linear fashion from ages 4 to 18 (slope = 13.1 mm2/year, P = 0.0001 and slope = 11.1 mm2/year, P = 0.0001 for females and males, respectively). Posterior and mid regions demonstrated greater age-related changes than anterior regions with the rostrum and genu (anterior regions) having reached adult sizes in the youngest of our subjects. There were no significant effects of sex for any measures. These findings support anatomical studies indicating ongoing myelination of higher association areas throughout adolescence, but raise intriguing questions about anterior-posterior gradients of interhemispheric myelination.
MESH: Adolescence-; Age-Factors; Analysis-of-Variance; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-physiology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97005068
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 265 of 280
TI: Magnetic resonance imaging and pathologic studies on lateral fluid percussion injury as a model of focal brain injury in rats.
AU: Qian-L; Nagaoka-T; Ohno-K; Tominaga-B; Nariai-T; Hirakawa-K; Kuroiwa-T; Takakuda-K; Miyairi-H
AD: Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (Tokyo Ika Shika Daigaku).
SO: Bull-Tokyo-Med-Dent-Univ. 1996 Sep; 43(3): 53-66
ISSN: 0040-8921
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: JAPAN
AB: In this study, morphologic changes in brain lesions initiated by moderate lateral fluid percussion injury in rats were investigated chronologically using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathologic methods. Rats were subjected to moderate fluid percussion injury (average 2.80 +/- 0.48 atmospheres) over the exposed dura overlying the right parietal cortex. MRI obtained in vivo were compared with corresponding pathologic findings at 1, 6, and 24 h and at 3, 6, 14 and 80 days after injury. T2-weighted images showed scattered low-signal intensity in the injured cortex within a few hours after injury, whereas histologic findings revealed intraparenchymal hemorrhages. T2-weighted images of the ipsilateral cerebral cortex and/or corpus callosum showed a high-signal-intensity area 4 h after injury. The high-signal-intensity area became largest in size between 6 and 24 h, then declined gradually, and almost disappeared 14 days after injury. Histologic examination revealed pyknosis, retraction of the cell body of neurons with vacuolated neuropil in the corresponding regions 6 and 24 h after injury, and cystic necrosis 14 days after injury. The location and extent of these pathologic changes were depicted accurately by MRI in vivo. In the hippocampus, pyknosis and retraction of the cell body of pyramidal neurons were observed on the injured side 24 h after injury, and the number of neurons in the CA1 and CA2-CA3 regions decreased significantly on the same side by 14 days after injury. It is concluded that morphologic changes in the brain following experimental traumatic brain injury in rats are detectable in vivo by high-resolution MRI, and that MRI may be useful for the evaluation of treatment effects in experimental brain injury.
MESH: Cerebral-Cortex-pathology; Cerebral-Hemorrhage-pathology; Corpus-Callosum-pathology; Disease-Models,-Animal; Dura-Mater-injuries; Follow-Up-Studies; Hippocampus-pathology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-methods; Necrosis-; Neurons-pathology; Parietal-Lobe-injuries; Pyramidal-Cells-pathology; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; Vacuoles-ultrastructure
MESH: *Brain-Concussion-pathology; *Brain-Injuries-pathology; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Female
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97037825
UD: 9702
SB: DENTAL
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 266 of 280
TI: Sexual dimorphism in the human corpus callosum? A comparison of methodologies.
AU: Constant-D; Ruther-H
AD: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town Medical School, Observatory, South Africa. debbie-h@anat.uct.ac.za
SO: Brain-Res. 1996 Jul 15; 727(1-2): 99-106
ISSN: 0006-8993
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: Mid-sagittal magnetic resonance images of 104 normal individuals were analyzed to assess whether or not the corpus callosum or parts thereof is sexually dimorphic in favor of females. Subjects were 56 males and 48 females, both groups being closely age matched. The outline of the corpus callosum was divided into seven subareas, using three different orientations. A comparison was made between subareas with the divisions based on different orientations. Results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in all cases, with one exception in females. No significant sexual dimorphism was found, with the exception of one subarea in one of the orientations which was significantly larger in males. No significant correlation was found between corpus callosal area and either cerebral hemispheric area or an estimate of cranial capacity. Relative measures, incorporating these two brain size indicators as covariates, also showed no significant sexual dimorphism. In conclusion, no sexual dimorphism of the human corpus callosum favoring females was found in this study, and it appears that inadequate sampling, differing feature orientation, and inappropriate size correction procedures may have been factors responsible for conflicting results in previous studies.
MESH: Adult-; Aged-; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-methods; Middle-Age; Reproducibility-of-Results; Retrospective-Studies
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; *Sex-Characteristics
TG: Comparative-Study; Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96440076
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 267 of 280
TI: Ontogeny of the projection tracts and commissural fibres in the forebrain of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii): timing in comparison with other mammals.
AU: Ashwell-KW; Waite-PM; Marotte-L
AD: School of Anatomy, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
SO: Brain-Behav-Evol. 1996; 47(1): 8-22
ISSN: 0006-8977
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: SWITZERLAND
AB: The sequence of appearance of major forebrain projection and commissural fibre bundles in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) during development was examined with the aid of silver and haematoxylin stained material. At the time of birth (P0), the cerebral cortex is unformed, but two prominent fibre bundles are apparent in the forebrain: the medial forebrain bundle and the stria medullaris thalami. There is also an unidentified tract (possibly thalamostriate or striothalamic), which appears to be transient, in that it cannot be identified at P8. By P2 the posterior commissure, fasciculus retroflexus and mammillothalamic tract have appeared. Fibres of the fornix were first visible at P8. Cortical projection fibres (internal and external capsular fibres) were first noted at P10 and the anterior commissure at P14. It was not until P18 that the cortical commissural bundle unique to diprotodontid metatherians, namely the fasciculus aberrans, was first seen. The hippocampal commissure was seen to develop relatively late, at P35. The sequence and tempo of development of these tracts has been compared in metatherian and eutherian forebrains. The sequence is similar in the two groups of mammals with one exception: isocortical commissural connections appear to develop considerably earlier in diprotodontid metatherians than in eutherians. With regard to the tempo of forebrain tract development, mammals with r selection reproductive patterns (large litter sizes, many litters per reproductive lifetime, rapid development of offspring, e.g. polyprotodontid metatherians, rodents) appear to have forebrain tract development occupying a relatively greater proportion of the period from conception to the attainment of behavioural autonomy than do those animals with K selection reproductive patterns (few offspring per reproductive lifetime, relatively prolonged development of offspring, e.g. diprotodontid metatherians, primates). This difference is irrespective of whether a mammal is metatherian or eutherian, independent of encephalization, and probably reflects the greater time allocated to aspects of brain development occurring after initial tract formation (elaboration of cortical and forebrain circuitry, dendritic tree growth, synapse overproduction and elimination) among selection mammals.
MESH: Cerebral-Cortex-growth-and-development; Corpus-Callosum-growth-and-development; Dominance,-Cerebral-physiology; Evolution-; Hippocampus-growth-and-development; Mammals-growth-and-development; Nerve-Fibers-ultrastructure; Nerve-Net-growth-and-development; Species-Specificity; Thalamus-growth-and-development
MESH: *Kangaroos-growth-and-development; *Prosencephalon-growth-and-development
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96431699
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 268 of 280
TI: New autosomal recessive multiple congenital abnormalities/mental retardation syndrome with craniofacial dysmorphism absent corpus callosum, iris colobomas and connective tissue dysplasia.
AU: Temtamy-SA; Salam-MA; Aboul-Ezz-EH; Hussein-HA; Helmy-SA; Shalash-BA
AD: Human Genetics Department, National Research Center, Giza, Cairo, Egypt.
SO: Clin-Dysmorphol. 1996 Jul; 5(3): 231-40
ISSN: 0962-8827
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: We report three sibs, one boy and two girls, with a similar MCA/MR syndrome, where parents were first cousins. They had macrodolichocephaly, an elongated face, apparently low-set simple ears, hypertelorism, bilateral "key-hole' colobomata of the iris, retina and choroid, a beaked nose, micrognathia and dental anomalies. Brain CT scan showed dilated ventricles and an absent corpus callosum. Skeletal anomalies included brachydactyly of the hands and feet, genua vara and flat feet. Two sibs had left ventricular enlargement, and aortic dilatation and regurgitation. Review of the literature from the London Dysmorphology Data Base (LDDB) and OMIM suggests that this family represents a new syndrome.
MESH: Adult-; Child-; Family-; Genes,-Recessive; Pedigree-
MESH: *Abnormalities,-Multiple-genetics; *Coloboma-genetics; *Connective-Tissue-abnormalities; *Corpus-Callosum-abnormalities; *Craniofacial-Abnormalities-genetics; *Iris-abnormalities; *Mental-Retardation-genetics
TG: Case-Report; Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW-OF-REPORTED-CASES
AN: 96415527
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 269 of 280
TI: The case for a relationship between human memory, hippocampus and corpus callosum.
AU: Zaidel-DW
AD: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1563, USA. EFJ1DWZ@MVS.OAC.UCLA.EDU
SO: Biol-Res. 1995; 28(1): 51-7
ISSN: 0716-9760
PY: 1995
LA: ENGLISH
CP: CHILE
AB: Unilateral brain damage which includes the hippocampus leads to memory impairments consistent with hemispheric specialization on the same side. Damage to the corpus callosum, the major connecting pathway between the left and right hemispheres, also leads to memory impairments. This suggests both hemispheric specialization on the hippocampal level and a critical role for the corpus callosum in memory functions. A complete hippocampal formation is present on either side of the brain but traditionally only one is studied. However, a comparison between the neuronal populations in the hippocampus on both sides revealed asymmetry in connectivity among hippocampal subfields. The profile of memory impairments of commissurotomy ('split-brain') patients is described. The results are discussed in terms of a relationship between hippocampus and corpus callosum in humans. As hemispheric specialization evolved, inter-hippocampal connections became less important and the corpus callosum became prominent in memory functions.
MESH: Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; Corpus-Callosum-physiology; Hippocampus-anatomy-and-histology; Hippocampus-physiology; Sex-Characteristics
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-injuries; *Hippocampus-injuries; *Memory-physiology
TG: Human
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
AN: 96340529
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 270 of 280
TI: The anatomical substrates for language and hemispheric specialization.
AU: Aboitiz-F; Ide-A; Navarrete-A; Pena-M; Rodriguez-E; Wolff-V; Zaidel-E
AD: Departamento de Morfologia Experimental, Universidad de Chile, Santiago.
SO: Biol-Res. 1995; 28(1): 45-50
ISSN: 0716-9760
PY: 1995
LA: ENGLISH
CP: CHILE
AB: Three main lines of investigation are discussed in this paper: (1) the comparison between the anatomical arrangement of the language areas and the large-scale neurocognitive cortical networks partly involved in active or working memory; (2) the relations between hemispheric specialization and the development of interhemispheric communication; and (3) the analysis of individual differences in brain organization for language. The hypothesis and evidence presented stem from work being performed in our laboratories.
MESH: Cerebral-Cortex-ultrastructure; Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; Frontal-Lobe-anatomy-and-histology; Sex-Characteristics
MESH: *Cerebral-Cortex-anatomy-and-histology; *Language-Development
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
AN: 96340528
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 271 of 280
TI: Sexual dimorphism in interhemispheric relations: anatomical-behavioral convergence.
AU: Zaidel-E; Aboitiz-F; Clarke-J
AD: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
SO: Biol-Res. 1995; 28(1): 27-43
ISSN: 0716-9760
PY: 1995
LA: ENGLISH
CP: CHILE
AB: An embryogenetic hypothesis states that hemispheric specialization is inversely related to callosal connectivity (Geschwind and Galaburda, 1985). We tested this hypothesis (i) anatomically by relating postmortem planum temporale asymmetry to regional callosal morphology and (ii) behaviorally by relating the right visual field advantage in a lateralized lexical decision task with associative primes to regional callosal morphometry using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The postmortem study showed a significant negative correlation between planum temporale asymmetry and the number of small diameter fibers in the isthmus of the corpus callosum, but only for males. The MRI study showed a significant negative correlation between the right visual hemifield advantage for associated words and the cross section size of the isthmus of the corpus callosum, but again only in males. There was no sex difference in either the anatomical asymmetry, the behavioral asymmetry, or the callosal morphology. These convergent results suggest that there is a sexual dimorphism in interhemispheric relations in humans.
MESH: Adult-; Corpus-Callosum-embryology; Laterality-physiology; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Middle-Age; Postmortem-Changes; Sex-Factors
MESH: *Behavior-physiology; *Corpus-Callosum-anatomy-and-histology; *Sex-Characteristics
TG: Female; Human; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
CN: NS20187NSNINDS; MH00179MHNIMH
AN: 96340527
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-9/97 272 of 280
TI: Midsagittal corpus callosum area, intelligence, and language dominance in epilepsy.
AU: Atkinson-DS Jr; Abou-Khalil-B; Charles-PD; Welch-L
AD: Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
SO: J-Neuroimaging. 1996 Oct; 6(4): 235-9
ISSN: 1051-2284
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Alterations in midsagittal corpus callosum (CC) area and morphology have been suggested in several disease processes of the nervous system. In addition, some studies found a relation of CC area to handedness, language dominance, and gender. The relation of CC area to measures of intelligence and memory and the effect of epilepsy on CC area have received less attention. In this study CC area was measured on midsagittal magnetic resonance images in 48 patients undergoing presurgical evaluation of epilepsy and in 20 control subjects. All patients had the Wada test and formal neuropsychological testing. The mean CC area of the epilepsy group was significantly smaller than that of control subjects (p < 0.00001). CC area showed a positive correlation with presurgical performance IQ (p = 0.008) and full-scale IQ (p = 0.048), but not with memory scores or language dominance. There was no relation of CC area to location of epileptic focus, seizure types, age at onset, epilepsy duration, or etiology. The presence of an atrophic lesion was associated with a smaller CC area. The correlation of total CC area with performance and full-scale IQs may reflect axonal loss in patients with a low IQ resulting from the etiology of epilepsy or the epilepsy itself.
MESH: Adolescence-; Adult-; Age-of-Onset; Atrophy-; Axons-pathology; Case-Control-Studies; Child-; Epilepsy-etiology; Epilepsy-surgery; Laterality-; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Memory-; Middle-Age; Neuropsychological-Tests; Preoperative-Care; Retrospective-Studies; Sex-; Time-Factors
MESH: *Corpus-Callosum-pathology; *Epilepsy-pathology; *Intelligence-; *Language-
TG: Female; Human; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97058863
UD: 9702