The following MEDLINE items were compiled by SilverPlatter and are presented with their generous cooperation and permission. (See SilverPlatter's Worldwide Library for bibliographic search information.)Record 1 of 14 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1999/01-1999/06
TITLE: Anticonvulsants for soman-induced seizure activity.
AUTHOR(S): Shih-T; McDonough-JH Jr; Koplovitz-I
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Pharmacology and Drug Assessment Divisions, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md., USA.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): J-Biomed-Sci. 1999 Mar-Apr; 6(2): 86-96
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1021-7770
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: SWITZERLAND
ABSTRACT: This report describes studies of anticonvulsants for the organophosphorus (OP) nerve agent soman: a basic research effort to understand how different pharmacological classes of compounds influence the expression of seizure produced by soman in rats, and a drug screening effort to determine whether clinically useful antiepileptics can modulate soman-induced seizures in rats. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were used in these studies. Basic studies were conducted in rats pretreated with HI-6 and challenged with 1.6 x LD50 soman. Antimuscarinic compounds were extremely effective in blocking (pretreatment) or terminating soman seizures when given 5 min after seizure onset. However, significantly higher doses were required when treatment was delayed for more than 10 min, and some antimuscarinic compounds lost anticonvulsant efficacy when treatment was delayed for more than 40 min. Diazepam blocked seizure onset, yet seizures could recur after an initial period of anticonvulsant effect at doses </=2.5 mg/kg. Diazepam could terminate ongoing seizures when given 5 min after seizure onset, but doses up to 20 mg/kg were ineffective when treatment was delayed for 40 min. The GABA uptake inhibitor, tiagabine, was ineffective in blocking or terminating soman motor convulsions or seizures. The glutamate receptor antagonists, NBQX, GYKI 52466, and memantine, had weak or minimal antiseizure activity, even at doses that virtually eliminated signs of motor convulsions. The antinicotinic, mecamylamine, was ineffective in blocking or stopping seizure activity. Pretreatment with a narrow range of doses of alpha2-adrenergic agonist, clonidine, produced variable protection (40-60%) against seizure onset; treatment after seizure onset with clonidine was not effective. Screening studies in rats, using HI-6 pretreatment, showed that benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam and lorazepam) were quite effective when given 5 min after seizure onset, but lost their efficacy when given 40 min after onset. The barbiturate, pentobarbital, was modestly effective in terminating seizures when given 5 or 40 min after seizure onset, while other clinically effective antiepileptic drugs, trimethadione and valproic acid, were only slightly effective when given 5 min after onset. In contrast, phenytoin, carbamazepine, ethosuximide, magnesium sulfate, lamotrigine, primidone, felbamate, acetazolamide, and ketamine were ineffective.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Anticonvulsants-classification; Atropine-therapeutic-use; Diazepam-therapeutic-use; Disease-Models,-Animal; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Seizures-chemically-induced; Seizures-physiopathology
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Convulsants-toxicity; *Seizures-drug-therapy; *Soman-toxicity
CHECKTAGS: Animal; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 439-14-5; 51-55-8; 96-64-0
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Convulsants; Diazepam; Atropine; Soman
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999189399
UPDATE CODE: 199906
Record 2 of 14 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1999/01-1999/06
TITLE: New antiepileptic drugs in epileptology.
AUTHOR(S): Elger-CE; Bauer-J
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Neuropsychobiology. 1998 Oct; 38(3): 145-8
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0302-282X
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1998
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: SWITZERLAND
ABSTRACT: New antiepileptic drugs have been developed and released for the treatment of chronic focal and secondarily generalized epileptic seizures. The anticonvulsant efficacy of these drugs (vigabatrin, lamotrigine, gabapentin, felbamate, tiagabine, topiramate and oxcarbazepine) does not seem to be superior to that of traditional anticonvulsants. The main advantage of these newly developed drugs is a different spectrum of possible adverse events (i.e. these drugs usually do not induce sedation). Moreover, interactions with traditional anticonvulsants are less common, therefore, comedication with these drugs shows an improved tolerability. The availability of new antiepileptic drugs enables us to establish an individually tailored anticonvulsant strategy for each patient.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Anticonvulsants-adverse-effects; Anticonvulsants-standards; Drug-Therapy,-Combination; Treatment-Outcome
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Epilepsy-drug-therapy
CHECKTAGS: Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW-LITERATURE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 1998453517
UPDATE CODE: 199906
Record 3 of 14 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1999/01-1999/06
TITLE: Correction: the role of the ketogenic diet in children with intractable seizures [letter]
AUTHOR(S): Gever-LN
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Ann-Pharmacother. 1998 Dec; 32(12): 1373
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1060-0280
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1998
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-chemistry; *Dietary-Carbohydrates-analysis; *Propylene-Glycols-chemistry
CHECKTAGS: Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: LETTER; PUBLISHED-ERRATUM
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 0; 25451-15-4
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Dietary-Carbohydrates; Propylene-Glycols; felbamate
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999094108
UPDATE CODE: 199905
Record 4 of 14 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1999/01-1999/06
TITLE: Epilepsy: taming the seizures, dispelling the myths.
AUTHOR(S): Hingley-AT
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): FDA-Consum. 1999 Jan-Feb; 33(1): 28-32
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0362-1332
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Anticonvulsants-adverse-effects; Epilepsy-etiology; Epilepsy-surgery; Propylene-Glycols-adverse-effects
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Epilepsy-drug-therapy
CHECKTAGS: Female; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 25451-15-4
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Propylene-Glycols; felbamate
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999154412
UPDATE CODE: 199905
Record 5 of 14 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1999/01-1999/06
TITLE: New medication options for patients with epilepsy.
AUTHOR(S): Wilner-AN
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA. awilner@compuserve.com
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Med-Health-R-I. 1998 Dec; 81(12): 406-7
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1086-5462
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1998
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Acetic-Acids-therapeutic-use; Fructose-analogs-and-derivatives; Fructose-therapeutic-use; Nipecotic-Acids-therapeutic-use; Propylene-Glycols-therapeutic-use; Triazines-therapeutic-use
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Epilepsy-drug-therapy
CHECKTAGS: Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 115103-54-3; 25451-15-4; 30237-26-4; 60142-96-3; 84057-84-1; 97240-79-4
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Acetic-Acids; Anticonvulsants; Nipecotic-Acids; Propylene-Glycols; Triazines; tiagabine; felbamate; Fructose; gabapentin; lamotrigine; topiramate
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999100279
UPDATE CODE: 199904
Record 6 of 14 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1999/01-1999/06
TITLE: Felbamate: clinical and molecular aspects of a unique antiepileptic drug.
AUTHOR(S): Brown-WM; Aiken-SP
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Crit-Rev-Neurobiol. 1998; 12(3): 205-22
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0892-0915
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1998
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: Felbamate was launched in 1993 in the U.S. as a "new generation" antiepileptic drug (AED) with a unique mechanism of action. It proved efficacious in patients refractory to other AEDs and was particularly beneficial in children suffering from Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, being the first drug shown to be effective at treating this condition in controlled trials. Following the occurrence of rare cases of aplastic anemia and of hepatic failure associated with the use of felbamate during early 1994, a "black-box" warning was added to the drug's package insert. Despite this, felbamate continues to be used in many patients, although not as a first-line treatment. Felbamate's dual mechanism of action--enhancing the GABA system while inhibiting excitatory amino acid responses--may explain its efficacy in a broad range of epileptic patients. A better understanding of this mechanism may lead to the development of felbamate-like drugs with a better side effect profile.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Anticonvulsants-adverse-effects; Anticonvulsants-pharmacokinetics; Clinical-Trials; Drug-Resistance; Epilepsy-drug-therapy; Mental-Retardation-drug-therapy; Propylene-Glycols-adverse-effects; Propylene-Glycols-pharmacokinetics; Syndrome-
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-chemistry; *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Propylene-Glycols-chemistry; *Propylene-Glycols-therapeutic-use
CHECKTAGS: Animal; Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 25451-15-4
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Propylene-Glycols; felbamate
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999061512
UPDATE CODE: 199904
Record 7 of 14 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1999/01-1999/06
TITLE: An electrophysiological analysis of the protective effects of felbamate, lamotrigine, and lidocaine on the functional recovery from in vitro ischemia in rat neocortical slices.
AUTHOR(S): Siniscalchi-A; Zona-C; Guatteo-E; Mercuri-NB; Bernardi-G
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: IRCCS Santa Lucia, Clinica Neurologica Universita di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Synapse. 1998 Dec; 30(4): 371-9
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0887-4476
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1998
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: We used field potential recording techniques to examine whether felbamate (FBM), lamotrigine (LTG), and lidocaine (LID) protect against the irreversible functional damage induced by transient ischemia. Five minutes of ischemia caused a depression of the field potential in rat cortical slices, which did not recover even after more than 1 h of washout. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist ketamine (50 microM) protected against depression of the field caused by ischemia. On the other hand, the non-NMDA antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2.3-dione (CNQX) (10 microM) had protective effects only if co-applied with ketamine. We found that either FBM (30-300 microM), which did not modify the amplitude of the field EPSP, or LTG (10-300 microM), which reversibly depressed the excitatory synaptic transmission, had a marked protective effect when superfused before and during the ischemic insult. After FBM (100 microM) and LTG (100 microM), the field EPSP recovered by 84 +/- 1% and 73 +/- 2.7% of control, respectively. Furthermore, LID (30-300 microM) was less effective than FBM and LTG in inducing a functional recovery from the damage caused by ischemia (58 +/- 1.8%). The rank order of potency, based on the maximal protection caused by the three drugs, was FBM > LTG > LID. Our results suggest that a noticeable neuroprotection can be obtained during glucose and O2 deprivation by preventive therapeutic regimens which use the two recently marketed anticonvulsant drugs, FBM and LTG.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Action-Potentials-drug-effects; Action-Potentials-physiology; Electrophysiology-; Excitatory-Amino-Acid-Antagonists-pharmacology; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Cerebral-Cortex-blood-supply; *Cerebral-Cortex-drug-effects; *Ischemia-physiopathology; *Lidocaine-pharmacology; *Neuroprotective-Agents-pharmacology; *Propylene-Glycols-pharmacology; *Triazines-pharmacology
CHECKTAGS: Animal; In-Vitro; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 0; 0; 137-58-6; 25451-15-4; 84057-84-1
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Excitatory-Amino-Acid-Antagonists; Neuroprotective-Agents; Propylene-Glycols; Triazines; Lidocaine; felbamate; lamotrigine
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999041602
UPDATE CODE: 199903
Record 8 of 14 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1999/01-1999/06
TITLE: Acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity studies with felbamate, 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate.
AUTHOR(S): McGee-JH; Erikson-DJ; Galbreath-C; Willigan-DA; Sofia-RD
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Wallace Laboratories, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, USA.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Toxicol-Sci. 1998 Oct; 45(2): 225-32
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1096-6080
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1998
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: Felbamate, 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate, is a novel anticonvulsant that is effective against both chemically and electrically induced seizures in laboratory animals. Acute, subchronic, and chronic studies were conducted in mice, rats, and dogs to establish a preclinical safety profile for this drug. Clinical signs following single intraperitoneal doses included hypoactivity, tremors, decreased muscle tone, ataxia, prostration, and labored breathing. Death was observed after intraperitoneal but not oral administration. A consistent drug-related effect noted in all multiple-dose studies with this compound was decreased body weight and food consumption. The only other consistent change noted in multiple-dose studies with felbamate was an increase in liver weight (relative and absolute) in the rat and dog which was accompanied in some cases by increases in serum enzyme levels. No histopathological changes were observed in the liver that could explain these elevated serum enzyme levels. Based on the results of these studies it was concluded that long-term administration of felbamate in human clinical trials was warranted.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Administration,-Oral; Anticonvulsants-blood; Dogs-; Injections,-Intraperitoneal; Kidney-drug-effects; Kidney-pathology; Lethal-Dose-50; Liver-drug-effects; Liver-pathology; Mice-; Neuroprotective-Agents-blood; Organ-Weight-drug-effects; Propylene-Glycols-blood; Rats-; Toxicity-Tests
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-toxicity; *Neuroprotective-Agents-toxicity; *Propylene-Glycols-toxicity
CHECKTAGS: Animal; Comparative-Study; Female; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 0; 25451-15-4
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Neuroprotective-Agents; Propylene-Glycols; felbamate
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999064595
UPDATE CODE: 199903
Record 9 of 14 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1999/01-1999/06
TITLE: Oncogenic studies with felbamate (2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate).
AUTHOR(S): McGee-JH; Butler-WH; Erikson-DJ; Sofia-RD
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Wallace Laboratories, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, USA.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Toxicol-Sci. 1998 Oct; 45(2): 146-51
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1096-6080
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1998
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: Felbamate, 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate, is a novel anticonvulsant that is effective against both chemically and electrically induced seizures in laboratory animals. Oncogenic studies were conducted in mice and rats to establish a preclinical safety profile for this drug. There was an increased incidence of hepatic cell adenoma in male and female mice and in female rats. There was an increased incidence of interstitial cell tumors of the testes in the male rat.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adenoma,-Liver-Cell-chemically-induced; Administration,-Oral; Anticonvulsants-blood; Body-Weight-drug-effects; Carcinogenicity-Tests; Leydig-Cell-Tumor-chemically-induced; Liver-Neoplasms-chemically-induced; Mice-; Neuroprotective-Agents-blood; Propylene-Glycols-blood; Rats-; Testicular-Neoplasms-chemically-induced
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-toxicity; *Neuroprotective-Agents-toxicity; *Propylene-Glycols-toxicity
CHECKTAGS: Animal; Comparative-Study; Female; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 0; 25451-15-4
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Neuroprotective-Agents; Propylene-Glycols; felbamate
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999064587
UPDATE CODE: 199903
Record 10 of 14 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1999/01-1999/06
TITLE: A computational quantitative structure-activity relationship study of carbamate anticonvulsants using quantum pharmacological methods.
AUTHOR(S): Knight-JL; Weaver-DF
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Seizure. 1998 Oct; 7(5): 347-54
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1059-1311
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1998
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: ENGLAND
ABSTRACT: A pattern recognition quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study has been performed to determine the molecular features of carbamate anticonvulsants which influence biological activity. Although carbamates, such as felbamate, have been used to treat epilepsy, their mechanisms of efficacy and toxicity are not completely understood. Quantum and classical mechanics calculations have been exploited to describe 46 carbamate drugs. Employing a principal component analysis and multiple linear regression calculations, five crucial structural descriptors were identified which directly relate to the bioactivity of the carbamate family. With the resulting mathematical model, the biological activity of carbamate analogues can be predicted with 85-90% accuracy.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Anticonvulsants-chemistry; Biological-Assay-methods; Carbamates-chemistry; Data-Interpretation,-Statistical; Drug-Design; Drug-Evaluation-methods; Linear-Models; Models,-Molecular; Structure-Activity-Relationship
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-pharmacology; *Carbamates-analysis; *Carbamates-pharmacology
CHECKTAGS: Human; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Carbamates
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999023294
UPDATE CODE: 199903
Record 11 of 14 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1999/01-1999/06
TITLE: Ligands of the NMDA receptor-associated glycine recognition site and motor behavior.
AUTHOR(S): Kretschmer-BD
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Nueuropharmacology, University of Tubingen, Federal Republic of Germany.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Amino-Acids. 1998; 14(1-3): 227-34
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0939-4451
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1998
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: AUSTRIA
ABSTRACT: Motor behavior critically depends on glutamatergic functions in the basal ganglia (BG). The dorsal and ventral striatum--the main input structures of the BG--are involved in modulation of stereotyped sniffing behavior, locomotion, catalepsy and prepulse inhibition. The effects of the NMDA receptor have been well characterized in respect to motor behavior in the past. The function of the allosteric glycine site was however disregarded until now, because brain penetrating ligands were missing. The present study summarized the motor behavioral profile of several glycine site ligands (7-chlorokynurenate, ACEA 1021, MRZ-2/576, (+) HA-966, D-cycloserine and felbamate). It is shown that through blockade of the glycine site of the NMDA receptor a distinct behavioral profile can be obtained.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Excitatory-Amino-Acid-Agonists-pharmacology; Excitatory-Amino-Acid-Antagonists-pharmacology; Glycine-antagonists-and-inhibitors; Glycine-metabolism; Ligands-; Motor-Activity-drug-effects; Receptors,-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-chemistry; Receptors,-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-metabolism
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Excitatory-Amino-Acid-Agonists-metabolism; *Excitatory-Amino-Acid-Antagonists-metabolism; *Motor-Activity-physiology; *Receptors,-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate-physiology
CHECKTAGS: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 0; 0; 56-40-6
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Excitatory-Amino-Acid-Agonists; Excitatory-Amino-Acid-Antagonists; Ligands; Receptors,-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Glycine
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999088632
UPDATE CODE: 199903
Record 12 of 14 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1999/01-1999/06
TITLE: Changes of the EEG paroxysmal pattern during felbamate therapy in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: a case report.
AUTHOR(S): Marciani-MG; Spanedda-F; Placidi-F; Bassetti-MA; Romigi-A; Mattia-D
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Clinica Neurologica, Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Int-J-Neurosci. 1998 Sep; 95(3-4): 247-53
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0020-7454
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1998
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: ENGLAND
ABSTRACT: We report a case of a 43-year old woman with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome who exhibited atypical absence seizures, atonic seizures and generalized toniclonic seizures which were not controlled by antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment. Because of this, felbamate (FBM) (1800 mg per day) was progressively added to the pre-existent therapy. The patient underwent a 24-hour-video-EEG monitoring before and after 4 months of FBM therapy. Analysis of the video-EEG signal recorded during wakefulness revealed the presence of ictal activity represented by repetitive, bilateral, slow spike and wave bursts underlying atypical absence seizures; the ictal activity occurring during non-REM sleep was characterized by runs of bilateral, rapid, high-voltage spikes followed by slow spike and wave complexes corresponding to brief tonic seizures. FBM therapy induced disappearance of the EEG ictal slow, spike and wave complexes leaving rather unaffected the runs of spikes. Computerized analysis of both the EEG background activity and the sleep structure displayed a better organization of the global cerebral rhythms under FBM treatment. Our findings suggest a selective effect of FBM on the ictal atypical spike and wave pattern. The differential effect of FBM on ictal patterns may be a reflection of a different action on the excitatory and inhibitory systems.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adult-; Anti-Anxiety-Agents,-Benzodiazepine-administration-and-dosage; Anti-Anxiety-Agents,-Benzodiazepine-therapeutic-use; Anticonvulsants-administration-and-dosage; Anticonvulsants-pharmacology; Carbamazepine-administration-and-dosage; Carbamazepine-therapeutic-use; Drug-Therapy,-Combination; Epilepsy-physiopathology; Phenobarbital-administration-and-dosage; Phenobarbital-therapeutic-use; Propylene-Glycols-administration-and-dosage; Propylene-Glycols-pharmacology; Syndrome-; Valproic-Acid-administration-and-dosage; Valproic-Acid-therapeutic-use
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Electroencephalography-drug-effects; *Epilepsy-drug-therapy; *Propylene-Glycols-therapeutic-use
CHECKTAGS: Case-Report; Female; Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 0; 22316-47-8; 25451-15-4; 298-46-4; 50-06-6; 99-66-1
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anti-Anxiety-Agents,-Benzodiazepine; Anticonvulsants; Propylene-Glycols; clobazam; felbamate; Carbamazepine; Phenobarbital; Valproic-Acid
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 1998450617
UPDATE CODE: 199903
Record 13 of 14 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1999/01-1999/06
TITLE: Medical management of epilepsy in adults.
AUTHOR(S): Mattson-RH
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Neurology. 1998 Nov; 51(5 Suppl 4): S15-20
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0028-3878
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1998
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: Optimal treatment of epilepsy in adults requires a tailored approach that weighs the efficacy of individual drugs in the specific diagnosis against the patient's risks for adverse events. Partial seizures, which are the most common seizure type in adults, can be effectively controlled by virtually all the standard and newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). For the generalized epilepsies, valproate remains the drug of choice. Data continue to accumulate regarding use of the newer agents. Overall, many of the newer AEDs may offer a better tolerability than the standard agents because of more favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and lack of interactions with drugs other than AEDs. Serious adverse events have been associated with felbamate and lamotrigine, however, and more experience is needed with many of the other newer AEDs to better define their safety profiles. Monotherapy should be the goal when AED treatment is instituted for the adult with epilepsy. Dosage modification on the basis of seizure control and toxicity should be implemented, as well as single-drug trials with alternative AEDs, before resorting to polytherapy. With the introduction of several promising newer AEDs, safe and effective seizure control may become a reality for an increasing number of adults with epilepsy.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adult-; Anticonvulsants-adverse-effects; Anticonvulsants-pharmacokinetics; Drug-Interactions; Epilepsy-classification; Epilepsy,-Partial-drug-therapy
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Epilepsy-drug-therapy
CHECKTAGS: Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: CONSENSUS-DEVELOPMENT-CONFERENCE; JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999034228
UPDATE CODE: 199902
SUBSET: AIM
Record 14 of 14 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1999/01-1999/06
TITLE: Potentially reactive cyclic carbamate metabolite of the antiepileptic drug felbamate produced by human liver tissue in vitro.
AUTHOR(S): Kapetanovic-IM; Torchin-CD; Thompson-CD; Miller-TA; McNeilly-PJ; Macdonald-TL; Kupferberg-HJ; Perhach-JL; Sofia-RD; Strong-JM
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Epilepsy Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Drug-Metab-Dispos. 1998 Nov; 26(11): 1089-95
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0090-9556
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1998
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: Felbamate (FBM) is a novel antiepileptic drug that was approved in 1993 for treatment of several forms of epilepsy. After its introduction, toxic reactions (aplastic anemia and hepatotoxicity) associated with its use were reported. It is unknown whether FBM or one of its metabolites is responsible for these idiosyncratic adverse reactions. Although the metabolism of FBM has not been fully characterized, three primary metabolites of FBM have been identified, i.e. 2-hydroxy, p-hydroxy, and monocarbamate metabolites. In addition, the monocarbamate metabolite leads to a carboxylic acid, which is the major metabolite of FBM in humans. Formation of the hydroxylated products of FBM involves cytochrome P450 enzymes, but the enzymes involved in the formation and further metabolism of the monocarbamate have not yet been elucidated. Recently, mercapturate metabolites of FBM have been identified in human urine, and a metabolic scheme involving reactive aldehyde metabolite formation from the monocarbamate metabolite has been proposed. The present study confirmed the formation of the proposed metabolites using human liver tissue in vitro. The aldehyde intermediates were trapped as oxime derivatives, and the cyclic equilibrium product (proposed as a storage and transport form for the aldehydes) was monitored directly by HPLC or GC/MS. Formation of putative toxic aldehyde intermediates and the major carboxylic acid metabolite of FBM was differentially effected with the cofactors NADP+ and NAD+. It is possible that the cofactors may influence the relative metabolism via activation and inactivation pathways.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Biotransformation-; Chromatography,-High-Pressure-Liquid; Cytochrome-P-450-antagonists-and-inhibitors; Enzyme-Inhibitors-pharmacology; Liver-enzymology; NAD-metabolism; NADP-metabolism; Spectrometry,-Mass,-Secondary-Ion
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-pharmacokinetics; *Carbamates-metabolism; *Liver-metabolism; *Propylene-Glycols-pharmacokinetics
CHECKTAGS: Human; In-Vitro
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 0; 0; 25451-15-4; 53-59-8; 53-84-9; 9035-51-2
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Carbamates; Enzyme-Inhibitors; Propylene-Glycols; felbamate; NADP; NAD; Cytochrome-P-450
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 1999026040
UPDATE CODE: 199902