The following MEDLINE items were compiled by SilverPlatter and are presented with their generous cooperation and permission. (See SilverPlatter's Worldwide Library for bibliographic search information.)Record 1 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/11
TITLE: Corpus callosotomy in Colombia and some reflections on care and research among the poor in developing countries.
AUTHOR(S): Fandino-Franky-J; Torres-M; Narino-D; Fandino-J
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Neurological Hospital, Colombian League Against Epilepsy, Cartagena.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Epilepsia. 2000; 41 Suppl 4: S22-7
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0013-9580
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2000
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: The authors present the results of a series of corpus callosotomies (CCS) in 97 patients performed from 1989 to 1997 at the Hospital Neurologico of the Liga Colombiana Contra La Epilepsia, Cartagena, Colombia. This study demonstrates the feasibility of performing these procedures in the developing world and analyzes the outcome and cost of treatment. Patients with medically intractable secondarily generalized epilepsy, bilateral nonfocal epileptic electroencephalogram (EEG), and absence of progressive encephalopathy were accepted as candidates (patients aged 0-30 years; 62 children, 19 girls and 43 boys, with mean age at surgery of 7.9 years; 35 adults, 19 women and 16 men, with mean age at surgery of 25.8 years). Preoperatively, the mean seizure frequency was 12.1 per day, or 364 per month (range, 0.06-200 per day, 1.8-6000 per month). Before surgery, 40% of patients were classified with generalized tonic-clonic seizures of different etiologies, or cryptogenic seizures; 36% had mixed seizures; 19% had Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome; and 5% had West Syndrome. Usually, routine EEG, computed tomography, and clinical findings sufficed for the surgical decision. The standard microsurgical technique performed was an anterior two-thirds CCS by the same surgeon under general anesthesia. In five cases, an additional frontal lobe excision after electrocorticography and subdural electrode monitoring was carried out in the same session. The results were evaluated after a mean follow-up of 35 months (range, 12-28). Two thirds of patients became seizure-free or were left with none or some disabling seizures. AED medication was eased slightly after surgery. The complication rate was low. The patients underwent postoperative psychosocial studies and neuropsychological rehabilitation and showed tendencies toward improvement. The direct cost of CCS in U.S. dollars (US$) ranged between 3,137 and 3,995 depending on the preoperative studies. Thus, CCS is well suited for selected patients in developing countries. Thus far, implantation of a vagus nerve stimulator has exceeded our economic possibilities in treating similar patients. Some reflections on care and research among epilepsy patients in developing countries are discussed.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Adult-; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Colombia-; Developing-Countries-statistics-and-numerical-data; Epilepsy-economics; Epilepsy-epidemiology; Female-; Follow-Up-Studies; Frontal-Lobe-surgery; Health-Care-Costs; Human-; Infant-; Infant,-Newborn; Male-; Treatment-Outcome
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Developing-Countries-economics; *Epilepsy-surgery
CHECKTAGS: Female; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20417463
UPDATE CODE: 200011
Record 2 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: [Lamotrigine in add-on therapy: assessment of efficacy in drug resistant epilepsy]
ORIGINAL TITLE: Lamotrygina w terapii dodanej--ocena skutecznosci w padaczce lekoopornej.
AUTHOR(S): Jurynczyk-J; Weglewski-A
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Oddzialu Neurologii Szpitala Wojewodzkiego im. Jana Pawla II w Belchatowie.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Neurol-Neurochir-Pol. 2000 Jan-Feb; 34(1): 43-7
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0028-3843
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2000
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: POLISH; NON-ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: POLAND
ABSTRACT: The authors presented the results of treatment with lamotrigine (LTG, Lamictal) in 13 patients with drug resistant epilepsy (add-on therapy). There were 8f, 5m. aged 16-60 years, mean age 28.8 years. Generalized seizures occurred in 8 patients (62%). In this group there was 1 patient (aged 16 years) with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and 1 patient (aged 20 years) with valproate resistant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Complex partial seizures and complex partial with secondary generalization occurred in 5 patients (38%). Before LTG addition mean seizure frequency was from 3/month to several times/day. The mean duration of epilepsy was 16.6 years. The 8 patients were treated with CBZ and VPA, one with PHT and VPA, one CBZ and VGB. Monotherapy with VPA was introduced in 3 patients. After 6 months of treatment with LTG the efficacy was evaluated. 12 patients took LTG with VPA, 1 LTG with CBZ. Complete reduction of seizures was achieved in 3 cases (23%), at least 50% reduction in 3 patients (23%), reduction below 50% in 4 patients (31%). In 3 cases (23%) the results of treatment were negative (increase or no change in seizure frequency). Beneficial psychotropic effect was observed in 9 patients (69%). Adverse effects occurred in 2 patients (15%). Headache, vertigo, sleepness were observed in one case. Rash occurred in 1 patient (treated with LTG and VPA). After 6 months 3 patients were excluded from the study because of negative effects of treatment. LTG is helpful and well tolerated in drug-resistant epilepsy.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Adult-; Carbamazepine-therapeutic-use; Drug-Therapy,-Combination; English-Abstract; Middle-Age; Phenytoin-therapeutic-use; Treatment-Outcome; Valproic-Acid-therapeutic-use; Vigabatrin-therapeutic-use
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Drug-Resistance; *Triazines-therapeutic-use
CHECKTAGS: English-Abstract; Female; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 298-46-4; 57-41-0; 60643-86-9; 84057-84-1; 99-66-1
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Triazines; Carbamazepine; Phenytoin; Vigabatrin; lamotrigine; Valproic-Acid
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20308449
UPDATE CODE: 200009
Record 3 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: Overview of childhood epilepsy and epileptic syndromes and advances in therapy.
AUTHOR(S): Morton-LD; Pellock-JM
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Virginia Commonwealth University/Medical College of Virginia, Division of Child Neurology, Richmond 23298-0211, USA. ldmorton@hsc.vcu.edu
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Curr-Pharm-Des. 2000 May; 6(8): 879-900
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1381-6128
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2000
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: NETHERLANDS
ABSTRACT: Seizures have a variety of etiologies and manifestations. Descriptions of various epiletic seizures as well as electroencephalographic findings have led to a unifying international classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsy syndromes. The development of this classification system and the emergence of several new antiepiletic drugs have led to progress in the refractory pediatric patient particularly disorders which are traditionally difficult to treat such as infantile spasms and the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. However, there is limited data regarding optimal use in children. The childhood epilepsy syndromes are reviewed as well as the newer antiepileptic drug treatments - felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine, topiramate, and zonisamide. Efficacy data and toxicity are discussed from both the adult, and when available, pediatric data.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Infant-; Infant,-Newborn
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Epilepsy-drug-therapy
CHECKTAGS: Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-ACADEMIC
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20291534
UPDATE CODE: 200009
Record 4 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: Catastrophic epilepsy in childhood.
AUTHOR(S): Shields-WD
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. wshields@mednet.ucla.edu
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Epilepsia. 2000; 41 Suppl 2: S2-6
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0013-9580
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2000
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: Although for most children epilepsy is a relatively benign disorder, for some, epilepsy can be designated as "catastrophic" because the seizures are so difficult to control and because they are strongly associated with mental retardation. The catastrophic childhood epilepsies include uncommon disorders such as early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression burst, severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy, and epilepsy with myoclonic-astatic seizures. There are other syndromes that are relatively common such as infantile spasms, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and Sturge-Weber syndrome. Many children with catastrophic epilepsy have the seizures as a result of underlying brain abnormalities that will inevitably lead to mental retardation whether or not they have seizures. In some patients, however, the mental retardation appears to be caused by the seizures. Developmental plasticity provides children with an opportunity to recover from significant brain injuries. However, the plasticity may also be the cause of the mental retardation. In such patients, control of the seizures may lead to more normal intellectual development. Thus, every effort should be made to control seizures in children with catastrophic epilepsy.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Anticonvulsants-pharmacology; Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; Brain-drug-effects; Brain-surgery; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Encephalitis-complications; Encephalitis-physiopathology; Encephalitis-therapy; Epilepsies,-Myoclonic-complications; Epilepsies,-Myoclonic-physiopathology; Epilepsies,-Myoclonic-therapy; Epilepsy-complications; Infant-; Mental-Retardation-etiology; Mental-Retardation-prevention-and-control; Mental-Retardation-physiopathology; Neuronal-Plasticity-drug-effects; Neuronal-Plasticity-physiology; Outcome-Assessment-Health-Care; Severity-of-Illness-Index; Spasms,-Infantile-complications; Spasms,-Infantile-physiopathology; Spasms,-Infantile-therapy; Sturge-Weber-Syndrome-complications; Sturge-Weber-Syndrome-physiopathology; Sturge-Weber-Syndrome-therapy
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Brain-physiopathology; *Epilepsy-physiopathology; *Epilepsy-therapy
CHECKTAGS: Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20340260
UPDATE CODE: 200009
Record 5 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: Newer anti-epileptic drugs.
AUTHOR(S): Aneja-S; Newton-RW
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Pediatric Neurology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Pendlebury, UK.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Indian-J-Pediatr. 1996 Mar-Apr; 63(2): 233-41
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0019-5456
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1996
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: INDIA
ABSTRACT: During the past few years, a number of drugs have been added to the anti-epileptic arsenal. This review focusses on five of these drugs which have undergone extensive trials: Vigabatrin, Lamotrigine, Gabapentin, Felbamate and Oxcarbazepine. Some of these antiepileptic drugs appear to be helpful for treatment of catastrophic childhood epilepsies. Vigabatrin appears promising in children with infantile spasms who do not respond to ACTH or Prednisolone. Children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome may respond to treatment with Lamotrigine or Vigabatrin. Gabapentin and vigabatrin have proved to be effective in refractory partial seizures. Oxcarbazepine, a ketoderivative of carbamazepine, is as effective as Carbamazepine but has a better safety profile. Lesser neurotoxicity and fewer drug interactions is another advantage with these drugs. However monitoring is required to determine the long term safety with their usage. These drugs have a definite role in childhood epilepsies refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; Clinical-Trials; Sensitivity-and-Specificity
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-pharmacology; *Epilepsy-drug-therapy
CHECKTAGS: Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20288804
UPDATE CODE: 200008
Record 6 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: [Lennox-Gastaut syndrome]
ORIGINAL TITLE: Sindrome de Lennox-Gastaut.
AUTHOR(S): Archila-R; Papazian-O
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Rev-Neurol. 1999 Aug 16-31; 29(4): 346-9
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0210-0010
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: SPANISH; NON-ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: SPAIN
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: The Lennox-Gestaut syndrome is classified as an epileptic syndrome shown by the presence of various types of generalized seizures (tonic, atonic and atypical absences) which appear at a certain age (1-8 years), with an interictal EEG showing an abnormally slow basic rhythm interrupted by slow spike-and-wave complexes (< 3 Hz) and progressive mental deterioration. DEVELOPMENT: From the aetiological point of view there are cryptogenic (25%) and symptomatic (75%) forms. There is a previous history of West syndrome in 9.4-30% of the symptomatic cases. The commonest types of seizures are tonic (17-95%), atypical absences (17-60%) and atonic (25-56%). The mixed form of an epileptic state with typical absences and tonic seizures is the most frequent (27%). Follow-up studies show that in 90% and 100% of cryptogenic and symptomatic patients, respectively, mental retardation develops and the initial seizures persist in 67% and 45% of the patients with cryptogenic and symptomatic forms respectively, when they become adults. CONCLUSIONS: There is still no successful treatment for these seizures and progressive mental deterioration occurs even when using the newer anti-epileptic drugs. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve seems a promising possibility but further experience is necessary.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; Disease-Progression; Electric-Stimulation-methods; English-Abstract; Epilepsy-therapy; Mental-Retardation-diagnosis; Prognosis-; Syndrome-; Vagus-Nerve-physiology
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Epilepsy-diagnosis
CHECKTAGS: English-Abstract; Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20258260
UPDATE CODE: 200008
Record 7 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: [Long-term follow-up of childhood epilepsy treated with vigabatrin outside of clinical trials]
ORIGINAL TITLE: Seguimiento a largo plazo de la epilepsia infantil tratada con vigabatrina, fuera de los ensayos clinicos.
AUTHOR(S): Garaizar-C; Martinez-Gonzalez-MJ; Fernandez-Cuesta-MA; Prats-JM
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Unidad de Neurologia Infantil, Hospital de Cruces, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Espana. cgaraizar@hcru.osakidetza.net
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Rev-Neurol. 1999 Aug 1-15; 29(3): 201-7
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0210-0010
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: SPANISH; NON-ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: SPAIN
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Experimental conditions are not mirrored by clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of vigabatrin in the usual conditions of everyday clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of all epileptic patients treated with vigabatrin in a neuropediatric outpatient clinic. Outcome measures: a) Persistent seizure frequency reduction > or = 50%, and total control of seizures. Potential predictors of response were studied by logistic regression. b) Duration of VGB therapy, studied by the Kaplan-Meier method and its associated log-rank test. RESULTS: 113 patients with: partial symptomatic epilepsy (38%), partial cryptogenic (25.6%), partial idiopathic (6%), West syndrome (14%), Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (6%), other syndromes (9.7%). Reduction of seizure frequency was attained by 60% of patients at 3 months, sustained during 12 months by 40%, and during 5 years by 14%. Total control of seizures was present in 33% of patients at 3 months, persisted 12 months in 18% and 5 years in 2%. Independent predictors of a poor outcome were generalized seizures (except infantile spasms) and cerebral palsy, among others. The probability of continuing vigabatrin (VGB) therapy was 78% at 6 months, 55% at 2 years and 32% at 5 years. Duration of therapy was modified by early therapeutic response and antecedent of status epilepticus, among others. Adverse events were recorded in 18.5%. Visual fields were not studied in these series. CONCLUSIONS: For the time being, VGB-treated patients belong to the difficult-to-treat group. Percentages of responders depend upon duration of follow-up.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Child-; Electroencephalography-; English-Abstract; Follow-Up-Studies; Infant-; Infant,-Newborn; Retrospective-Studies; Spasms,-Infantile-diagnosis; Treatment-Outcome
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Spasms,-Infantile-drug-therapy; *Vigabatrin-therapeutic-use
CHECKTAGS: English-Abstract; Female; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 60643-86-9
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Vigabatrin
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20258237
UPDATE CODE: 200008
Record 8 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: When antiepileptic drugs aggravate epilepsy.
AUTHOR(S): Genton-P
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Centre Saint Paul, 13258, Marseille, France. piergen@aol.com
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Brain-Dev. 2000 Mar; 22(2): 75-80
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0387-7604
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2000
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: NETHERLANDS
ABSTRACT: Paradoxically, an antiepileptic drug (AED) may aggravate epilepsy. The number of AEDs is steadily increasing, and the occurrence of paradoxical aggravation will probably become a frequent problem. The overall status of the patient treated for epilepsy can be altered due to maladjustment to the diagnosis of epilepsy, to unwanted side-effects, to overdosage and to the occurrence of tolerance. However, the main mechanism of aggravation is the occurrence of an inverse pharmacodynamic effect. The specific effect of the AED is such that it controls epilepsy in most cases and increases seizures in other cases. Idiopathic generalised epilepsies (IGE) are particularly prone to pharmacodynamic aggravation: typical absences are constantly increased by carbamazepine (CBZ), vigabatrin, tiagabine, gabapentin, while phenytoin (PHT) is less aggravating. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is often aggravated by CBZ, less constantly by PHT and other AEDs. Generalised tonic-clonic seizures found in IGEs may respond to AEDs that aggravate the other seizure types. In symptomatic generalised epilepsies, patients have often several seizure types that respond differently to AEDs: myoclonias are generally aggravated by the same drugs that aggravated IGEs; tonic seizures in the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome respond to CBZ, which may however aggravate atypical absences. In severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy, there is a nearly constant aggravating effect of lamotrigine. In some patients with benign rolandic epilepsy, a clear aggravation may be produced by CBZ, with occurrence of negative myoclonias, atypical absences, drop attacks, and at the maximum evolution into a state of electrical status epilepticus during sleep. It is much more difficult to pinpoint specific pharmacological sensitivity in other focal epilepsies, but aggravation clearly occurs. When treating epilepsy, the clinician should act according to seizure type, or, better, to epilepsy type. Patients are usually aware of aggravation before their doctors: we should listen carefully whenever they express a 'dislike' for an AED.
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-adverse-effects; *Epilepsy-drug-therapy
CHECKTAGS: Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20189736
UPDATE CODE: 200007
Record 9 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: [The us of video-EEG in the diagnosis of epilepsy syndromes in the developmental age]
ORIGINAL TITLE: Zastosowanie wideo-EEG w diagnostyce zespolow padaczkowych wieku rozwojowego.
AUTHOR(S): Gurda-B; Nowak-R; Galas-Zgorzalewicz-B
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Katedra i Klinika Neurologii Wieku Rozwojowego Akademii Medycznej im. K. Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Neurol-Neurochir-Pol. 2000; 33 Suppl 1: 77-87
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0028-3843
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2000
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: POLISH; NON-ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: POLAND
ABSTRACT: In the Department of Developmental Neurology, K. Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznan 120 video-EEG were performed in 1997-1998. Video-EEG monitoring was executed by means of computer electroencephalograph "Ceegraph" (Biologic--USA). A group of 20 patients between the age of 20 months up to 19 years, whose video-EEG was analysed, was hospitalised because of diagnostic doubtful seizures. Stimultaneous EEG and clinical events recordings were evaluated with the use of videotape at all children. In the investigated group, 13 patients with epileptic seizures (5 with nonepileptic seizures, 1 patient with choreatic movements and 1 with nocturnal myoclonus) were recorded. There were 3 children classified with generalised absence seizures, 3 with partial seizures and 1 patient with myoclonic seizure among the children with epilepsy. Moreover, there were several different cases diagnosed: 3 patients presented Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 1 was classified with West's syndrome, 1 patient was characterised by Alpers syndrome and 1 with tuberous sclerosis. Psychogenic pseudoepileptic seizures were classified in 5 patients, in 3 of them both epileptic and nonepileptic events occurred. Utility of video-EEG monitoring allows to differentiate and classify seizures and epileptic syndromes in childhood, especially absence seizures and psychogenic pseudoepileptic seizures. Its use makes the introduction of appropriate treatment possible.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Adult-; Child-; Child,-Preschool; English-Abstract; Infant-; Retrospective-Studies; Severity-of-Illness-Index; Syndrome-
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Electroencephalography-; *Epilepsy-diagnosis; *Video-Recording
CHECKTAGS: English-Abstract; Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20230700
UPDATE CODE: 200007
Record 10 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: [Epileptic seizures in children and youth with cerebral palsy]
ORIGINAL TITLE: Napady padaczkowe u dzieci i mlodziezy z mozgowym porazeniem dzieciecym.
AUTHOR(S): Mieszczanek-T
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Poradnia Neurologii Dzieciecej w Zielonej Gorze.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Neurol-Neurochir-Pol. 2000; 33 Suppl 1: 265-71
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0028-3843
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2000
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: POLISH; NON-ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: POLAND
ABSTRACT: An epidemiological analysis of the data recorded from a population of children and youth from Zielona Gora in the age 0-18 years was made. Among 96 patients with cerebral palsy (CP), the group of 29 children with epilepsy was separated. Real relations between type and frequency of epileptic seizures in particular clinical subtypes of CP was observed. Interdependences between mental development and epilepsy were analysed. West or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome was more frequent among children with severe or profound mental retardation when in other groups. It was observed, that patients with severe motoric dysfunctions had epileptic seizures in younger age than the other. In this group status epilepticus was observed more frequent too. Effects of mono or politherapy in particular types of seizures were analysed.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Child-; Child,-Preschool; English-Abstract; Infant-; Infant,-Newborn; Severity-of-Illness-Index
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Cerebral-Palsy-complications; *Epilepsy-diagnosis; *Epilepsy-etiology
CHECKTAGS: English-Abstract; Female; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20230719
UPDATE CODE: 200007
Record 11 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: [Preliminary assessment of felbamate effect on the cerebral bioelectrical activity in children with refractory epilepsy]
ORIGINAL TITLE: Wstepna ocena wplywu preparatu Felbamate na czynnosc bioelektryczna mozgu u dzieci z padaczka oporna na leczenie.
AUTHOR(S): Pakszys-M; Rusek-G; Kuszczak-B; Szamotulska-K; Mazur-J
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Zaklad Elektrofizjologii Dzieci i Mlodziezy, Instytutu Matki i Dziecka.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Neurol-Neurochir-Pol. 2000; 33 Suppl 1: 203-14
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0028-3843
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2000
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: POLISH; NON-ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: POLAND
ABSTRACT: Influence Felbamate on the cerebral bioelectric activity (EEG) in the group of 31 children (18 with syndrome Lennox-Gastaut, 13 with partial epilepsy) with refractory epilepsy was investigated. In the waking EEG was visually analysed: 1. Abnormalities distribution and morphology with special consideration of slow waves, sharp elements and paroxysmal character of discharges. 2. Influence of Felbamate on the duration time of discharges. 3. Range dominant frequency and length of segments (with non-disturbed topographic differentiation) of background activity EEG. During therapy the results showed more often EEG improvement among children with syndrome Lennox-Gastaut (near 70%) than in children with partial refractory epilepsy (near 30%). The EEG results correlated positively with the clinical improvement. In the both group of epilepsy background activity improvement had a statistical significance. In sleep EEG any influence of Felbamate on the sleep spindles was observed. No observation about increase beta activity in waking and sleep EEG records was noted.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Child-; Child,-Preschool; English-Abstract; Time-Factors; Treatment-Outcome; Wakefulness-physiology
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-pharmacology; *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Electroencephalography-drug-effects; *Epilepsy-drug-therapy; *Propylene-Glycols-pharmacology; *Propylene-Glycols-therapeutic-use
CHECKTAGS: English-Abstract; Female; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 25451-15-4
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Propylene-Glycols; felbamate
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20230712
UPDATE CODE: 200007
Record 12 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: [Positive effect of falbamate therapy in a boy with refractory epilepsy]
ORIGINAL TITLE: Pomyslny efekt leczenia preparatem Felbamate u chlopca z oporna na leczenie padaczka.
AUTHOR(S): Szczepanik-E; Pakszys-M; Rusek-G
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Klinika Neurologii Dzieci i Mlodziezy.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Neurol-Neurochir-Pol. 2000; 33 Suppl 1: 195-201
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0028-3843
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2000
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: POLISH; NON-ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: POLAND
ABSTRACT: One of the most important achievement of contemporary epileptology has been a concept of epileptic syndromes. According to the Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy there are many epileptic syndromes which differ from each other not only by prognosis but also by reaction to pharmacotherapy. Nevertheless the differentation between the some of epileptic syndromes may be difficult in spite of quite precise clinical and electrophysiological criteria. Good example of this problem may be the course of disease of the boy who is now eleven years old. His refractory epilepsy which started 7 years ago shares symptoms and signs of both epilepsy with myoclonic-astatic seizures (Doose Syndrome) and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. Felbamate therapy was consider to be the turning-point in both therapeutic and diagnostic meaning.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Child-; English-Abstract; Epilepsy-diagnosis; Severity-of-Illness-Index; Treatment-Outcome
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Epilepsy-drug-therapy; *Propylene-Glycols-therapeutic-use
CHECKTAGS: Case-Report; English-Abstract; Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 25451-15-4
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Propylene-Glycols; felbamate
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20230711
UPDATE CODE: 200007
Record 13 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: [Lamotrigine therapy in children. Retrospective study of 32 children]
ORIGINAL TITLE: Interet de la lamotrigine en pediatrie. Etude retrospective chez 32 enfants.
AUTHOR(S): Lethel-V; Chabrol-B; Livet-MO; Mancini-J
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Service de neuropediatrie, Hopital d'enfants de La Timone, Marseille, France.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Arch-Pediatr. 2000 Mar; 7(3): 234-42
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0929-693X
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2000
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: FRENCH; NON-ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: FRANCE
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Lamotrigine is one of the new anti-epileptic drugs, which is a phenyltriazine derivative. It is considered to act via an inhibitory effect on voltage-sensitive sodium channels and to have no GABAergic action. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We studied its efficiency in 32 children with refractory epilepsy after a treatment of at least one year with other anti-epileptic drugs. We then compared our results with other publications. RESULTS: Good efficiency (at least 50% reduction of crises) has been demonstrated for lamotrigine in children with generalized epilepsy (62.5% good results), particularly with absence epilepsy and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Results are encouraging for our few patients with epilepsy with continuous spike waves during slow-wave sleep. On the other hand, more precise indications are needed in partial epilepsy. CONCLUSION: Seizure control was generally maintained during one year of lamotrigine treatment. Association to sodium valproate is relevant for most of the authors. Adverse effects are uncommon, and we did not observe any skin rash. Lastly, improvement of behaviour and cognitive functions represents another important benefit of lamotrigine.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Anticonvulsants-pharmacology; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Cognition-drug-effects; English-Abstract; Seizures-drug-therapy; Treatment-Outcome; Triazines-pharmacology
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Epilepsy-drug-therapy; *Triazines-therapeutic-use
CHECKTAGS: English-Abstract; Female; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: CLINICAL-TRIAL; JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 84057-84-1
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Triazines; lamotrigine
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20224664
UPDATE CODE: 200007
Record 14 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: Topiramate in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: open-label treatment of patients completing a randomized controlled trial. Topiramate YL Study Group.
AUTHOR(S): Glauser-TA; Levisohn-PM; Ritter-F; Sachdeo-RC
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Children's Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Epilepsia. 2000; 41 Suppl 1: S86-90
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0013-9580
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2000
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: PURPOSE: The response to topiramate (TPM) as long-term adjunctive therapy was evaluated in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) in a long-term, open-label extension to a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS: In 97 patients with LGS (mean age, 11 years), dosages of TPM and concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were adjusted to optimal clinical response (mean TPM dosage, 10 mg/kg/day). RESULTS: For those patients who had completed 6 months of TPM therapy, drop attacks were reduced > or =50% in 55% of patients; 15% of patients had no drop attacks for > or =6 months at the last visit. After treatment up to 3+ years, 71% of patients who started open-label TPM were continuing therapy at the last visit. CONCLUSIONS: During long-term therapy, TPM is effective and well tolerated in controlling the treatment-resistant drop attacks and seizures associated with LGS.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Adult-; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Double-Blind-Method; Drug-Administration-Schedule; Drug-Therapy,-Combination; Fructose-therapeutic-use; Placebos-; Treatment-Outcome
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Epilepsy-drug-therapy; *Fructose-analogs-and-derivatives
CHECKTAGS: Female; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: CLINICAL-TRIAL; CONTROLLED-CLINICAL-TRIAL; JOURNAL-ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIAL
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 0; 30237-26-4; 97240-79-4
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Placebos; Fructose; topiramate
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20228795
UPDATE CODE: 200006
Record 15 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: Long-term seizure outcome in 74 patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: effects of incorporating MRI head imaging in defining the cryptogenic subgroup.
AUTHOR(S): Goldsmith-IL; Zupanc-ML; Buchhalter-JR
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Departments of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55901, USA.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Epilepsia. 2000 Apr; 41(4): 395-9
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0013-9580
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2000
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: PURPOSE: To determine if using more stringent criteria for cryptogenic Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) would result in an improved prognosis for that group. Cryptogenic, symptomatic, and non-cryptogenic LGS patients without etiology (indeterminate) were compared with respect to seizure and cognitive outcome. METHODS: Retrospective chart review was performed on 245 patients seen at the Mayo Clinic Rochester from 1976 to 1997, with a diagnosis of either LGS or slow spike wave on EEG. LGS was confirmed in 107 (64 male, 43 female) patients. This group was divided into cryptogenic, symptomatic, and indeterminate groups containing 23, 47, and 37 patients, respectively. In this study, cryptogenic patients all had normal development before onset of LGS, absence of dysmorphic features, normal neurologic examination, and normal magnetic resonance (MRI) brain imaging. Of the 107 patients, 74 had >/=3 years of follow-up. RESULTS: LGS onset in the 107 patients occurred at a median age of 4.0 years (range, 0.6-28.9 years). When last seen, 63% of those with symptomatic LGS had more than three seizures a day compared with 50% of cryptogenic and 34% of indeterminate patients. The most common seizure types were tonic (77%), atypical absence (61%), and generalized tonic-clonic (56%). Only three patients, all part of the indeterminate group, were seizure free at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Using stringent criteria in defining the cryptogenic subgroup resulted in no significant difference in seizure outcome. Individuals with a normal cognitive outcome did not segregate into one etiologic subgroup, but did have LGS onset at an older age.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Adult-; Age-of-Onset; Autoimmune-Diseases-diagnosis; Autoimmune-Diseases-epidemiology; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Comorbidity-; Epilepsy-classification; Epilepsy-epidemiology; Epilepsy,-Generalized-classification; Epilepsy,-Generalized-diagnosis; Epilepsy,-Generalized-epidemiology; Follow-Up-Studies; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-statistics-and-numerical-data; Mental-Retardation-classification; Mental-Retardation-diagnosis; Mental-Retardation-epidemiology; Outcome-Assessment-Health-Care; Retrospective-Studies; Severity-of-Illness-Index; Syndrome-
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Brain-anatomy-and-histology; *Epilepsy-diagnosis; *Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging
CHECKTAGS: Female; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20221318
UPDATE CODE: 200006
Record 16 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: Postoperative seizure outcome after corpus callosotomy in reflex epilepsy.
AUTHOR(S): Kwan-SY; Wong-TT; Chang-KP; Yang-TF; Lee-YC; Guo-WY; Su-MS
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Section of Epilepsy, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Chung-Hua-I-Hsueh-Tsa-Chih-Taipei. 2000 Mar; 63(3): 240-6
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0578-1337
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2000
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: CHINA
ABSTRACT: Flickering light and color patterns, reading, language, movement, decision making, eating, tapping and touching, hot water immersion and auditory stimulation can induce seizures in some epileptic patients. These are known as the "reflex epilepsies". The mechanism of reflex epilepsy is not clear. Recently, we performed anterior two-thirds corpus callosotomies in two reflex epilepsy patients (ages 12 and 14 years), with follow-up for more than three years. Patient 1 had Lennox-Gastaut syndrome with auditory-induced generalized atonic or tonic seizures (startle epilepsy), which decreased by 60% after callosotomy. Patient 2 had Lennox-Gastaut syndrome with somatosensory-induced generalized tonic seizures (tap epilepsy). He was seizure-free for one year immediately after callosotomy, but his seizures recurred with the same degree and frequency as before surgery. The nonsignificant postoperative seizure outcome suggests that the corpus callosum only plays a partial role in seizure generation. Our report also discusses the possible mechanisms of generation of reflex seizures.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Child-; Epilepsy,-Reflex-therapy
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Epilepsy,-Reflex-etiology; *Postoperative-Complications-etiology
CHECKTAGS: Case-Report; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20210517
UPDATE CODE: 200006
Record 17 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: [Myoclonus and myoclonic epilepsies in childhood]
ORIGINAL TITLE: Mioclonias y epilepsias mioclonicas en la infancia.
AUTHOR(S): Nieto-Barrera-M
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Seccion Neurologia Pediatrica, Hospital Infantil Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Rev-Neurol. 1999 Feb 1-15; 28(3): 278-84
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0210-0010
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: SPANISH; NON-ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: SPAIN
ABSTRACT: Myoclonic jerks occur in a number of different syndromes. There is many classifications of myoclonus. It is preferred the Fejerman classification, slightly modified that present the following five groups: 1. Myoclonus without encephalopathy and without epilepsy, which includes physiological myoclonus; 2. Encephalopathies with non epileptic myoclonus, which includes Kinsbourne syndrome and certain types of hyperekplexia which pose differential diagnosis problems with reflex myoclonic epilepsy; 3. Progressive encephalopathies with myoclonic seizures which includes typical and atypical progressive myoclonus epilepsies; 4. Epilepsies and epileptic encephalopathies with myoclonic seizures, which includes severe epilepsies which leads to mental retardation, as Otahara syndrome, West syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and other epilepsies which present sometimes myoclonic seizures, as Landau-Kleffner syndrome, 5. Comprises true myoclonic epilepsies, differentiating syndromes recognized as idiopathic, -benign myoclonic epilepsy of infancy, reflex form of benign myoclonic epilepsy in infancy, eyelid myoclonic with absences, perioral myoclonic with absences and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy-, cryptogenic-severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy, myoclonic-astatic epilepsy and epilepsy with myoclonic absences-, and symptomatic as the generalized myoclonus in children with static encephalopathies. The epileptic syndromes of the last group are described. Despite this classification, apparently clear, there is still a great deal of confusion and in clinical practice, many cases are difficult to classify.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Child,-Preschool; English-Abstract; Infant-; Severity-of-Illness-Index
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Epilepsies,-Myoclonic-classification; *Epilepsies,-Myoclonic-diagnosis
CHECKTAGS: English-Abstract; Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20178675
UPDATE CODE: 200006
Record 18 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: [Severity and epidemiology of myoclonic epilepsy]
ORIGINAL TITLE: Importancia y epidemiologia de las epilepsias mioclonicas.
AUTHOR(S): Ferrer-Vidal-LO
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Rev-Neurol. 1999 Feb 1-15; 28(3): 269-71
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0210-0010
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: SPANISH; NON-ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: SPAIN
ABSTRACT: The author first reviews the definition of myoclonia as an epileptic crisis differentiated from tonic crises and infantile spasms. He reviews the prevalence and incidence found in bibliographic data, under the following headings 1. Early myoclonic encephalopathy or neonatal myoclonic encephalopathy 2. Early epileptic syndrome with bursts of suppression or Otahara's syndrome. 3. West's syndrome. 4. The benign myoclonic epilepsy syndrome of children. 6. Syndrome of myoclonic epilepsy in non-progressive encephalopathy. 7. Early myoclonic epilepsy of children or Dose's syndrome. 8. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. 9. Syndrome of epilepsy with absences in children. 10. Myoclonic absence epilepsy syndrome. 11. Landau-Kleffner syndrome and the syndrome of continuous slow spike-and-wave epilepsy during slow sleep. 12. Photosensitive epilepsy. 13. Absence epilepsy in young patients. 14. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. 15. Syndrome of gran mal epilepsy on waking. 16. Progressive myoclonic epilepsies. The author reviews 6,450 cases, 408 patients who had myoclonic crises, that is 6.3%. The differences seen in this total group of patients were: the myoclonic crises which presented alone, myoclonic crises accompanied by simple typical absences, those initially accompanied by generalized tonic-clonic crises and those presenting typical absences, tonic-clonic generalized crises and myoclonus simultaneously. The course of the different groups is analyzed.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: English-Abstract; Prevalence-; Severity-of-Illness-Index
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Epilepsies,-Myoclonic-diagnosis; *Epilepsies,-Myoclonic-epidemiology
CHECKTAGS: English-Abstract; Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20178673
UPDATE CODE: 200006
Record 19 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: Topiramate for drug-resistant epilepsies.
AUTHOR(S): Yeung-S; Ferrie-CD; Murdoch-Eaton-DG; Livingston-JH
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Paediatric Neurology, Leeds General Infirmary, UK.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Europ-J-Paediatr-Neurol. 2000; 4(1): 31-3
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1090-3798
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2000
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: ENGLAND
ABSTRACT: Topiramate is a new anti-epileptic drug with proven efficacy against partial seizures in adults. A retrospective assessment of the use of topiramate in drug-resistant childhood epilepsy was undertaken. Thirty-four children (median age of 10 years; range 2-18 years) were treated for a median of 9 months (range 6-18 months). The starting dose was 0.25-2.0 mg/kg/day increasing to a maximum of 13 mg/kg/day. Generalized seizures occurred in 27 patients, partial seizures in 15 and infantile spasms in two. Epilepsies were localization-related in 15 patients and generalized in 18. One patient had severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy. Two patients had Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, five (two currently and three previously) had West syndrome and one had epilepsy with myoclonic absences. Twenty patients had a substantial (> 50%) reduction in seizure frequency; two of whom became seizure-free. Two-patients had an increase in seizures. Efficacy was seen against simple and complex partial seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures (primarily generalized), atonic and tonic seizures, myoclonic seizures and infantile spasms. There was no response in the one patient with myoclonic absence seizures. Adverse effects were reported in nine patients; appetite suppression occurred in five patients, behaviour disturbances in three, somnolence in two and poor concentration in one patient. Topiramate is efficacious in a wide spectrum of childhood epilepsies and is well tolerated.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Adult-; Anticonvulsants-adverse-effects; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Dose-Response-Relationship,-Drug; Drug-Administration-Schedule; Drug-Resistance,-Multiple; Fructose-adverse-effects; Fructose-therapeutic-use; Treatment-Outcome
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Epilepsies,-Partial-drug-therapy; *Fructose-analogs-and-derivatives; *Spasms,-Infantile-drug-therapy
CHECKTAGS: Female; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 30237-26-4; 97240-79-4
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Fructose; topiramate
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20165929
UPDATE CODE: 200006
Record 20 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: Seizure outcome after corpus callosotomy: the Taiwan experience.
AUTHOR(S): Kwan-SY; Wong-TT; Chang-KP; Chi-CS; Yang-TF; Lee-YC; Guo-WY; Su-MS
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Section of Epilepsy, The Neurological Institute, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Childs-Nerv-Syst. 2000 Feb; 16(2): 87-92
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0256-7040
PUBLICATION YEAR: 2000
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: GERMANY
ABSTRACT: From September 1989 to August 1996, we performed anterior corpus callosotomy in 83 patients. Unfortunately, 9 patients were lost to follow-up. Among the remaining 74 patients, 59 had Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (evolved from infantile spasms in 22), 9 had complex partial seizures with or without secondary generalized seizures, 1 had multifocal independent epileptogenic foci (MISF) syndrome, 3 had hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy (HHE), and 2 had infantile spasms. All cases were followed up for at least 2 years after surgery. The highest rate of significant improvement (more than 50% reduction in seizure frequency) was noted in the patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, 82.1% of whom experienced significant improvement, followed by those with generalized tonic seizures (76. 7%), atonic seizures (72.7%), myoclonic seizures (64.9%), atypical absences (58.6%), and complex partial seizure with or without secondary generalization (61.5%). Complete freedom from seizures was noted in 14 cases (18.9%). One patient had the anterior half of his right palm amputated following radial artery thrombosis complicated by insertion of an arterial line during anesthesia. Otherwise, there were no major postoperative complications except for brief mutism and multifocal jerks in some patients during the 1st postoperative week. Thus, we conclude that corpus callosotomy is a safe alternative treatment for all kinds of medically intractable seizures, especially generalized epilepsy.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Adult-; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Corpus-Callosum-physiopathology; Electroencephalography-; Epilepsy-physiopathology; Infant-; Monitoring,-Physiologic; Postoperative-Complications-physiopathology; Taiwan-; Treatment-Outcome
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Corpus-Callosum-surgery; *Epilepsy-surgery
CHECKTAGS: Female; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20129842
UPDATE CODE: 200006
Record 21 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: The spectrum of the new antiepileptic drugs.
AUTHOR(S): Perucca-E
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Acta-Neurol-Belg. 1999 Dec; 99(4): 231-8
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0300-9009
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: BELGIUM
ABSTRACT: Over the last decade, many new drugs have been added to the therapeutic armamentarium for epilepsy. These drugs differ considerably in their mechanisms of action and, consequently, in their spectrum of efficacy against various seizure types. Oxcarbazepine, gabapentin, tiagabine and vigabatrin are especially useful in the management of partial seizures (with or without secondary generalization) and, probably, also primarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, with vigabatrin being of particular value also in the treatment of infantile spasms. The spectrum of efficacy of lamotrigine and topiramate is broader than that of the other drugs and includes, in addition to partial and tonic-clonic seizures, also drop attacks associated with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Lamotrigine is also effective against absence seizures, while the activity of topiramate as a potential anti-absence drug has not been adequately explored. Oxcarbazepine, vigabatrin and tiagabine may aggravate myoclonic and absence seizures and, likewise, gabapentin may aggravate myoclonic seizures. Therefore, the latter drugs should not be used (or used with great caution) in patients with syndromes associated with these seizure types. Apart from differences in spectrum of efficacy, side effect profiles also differ considerably from one drug to another, with the risk of serious adverse effects limiting considerably the use of felbamate and vigabatrin. When added to preexisting therapy in patients with refractory epilepsies, the new drugs improve seizure frequency in 15% to 40% of cases, but only rarely freedom from seizures is achieved. In newly diagnosed patients, the efficacy of the new drugs is similar to that of older agents, but further studies are required to confirm the claim that the tolerability of some of these agents is superior to that of established drugs such as carbamazepine or valproate. The new antiepileptic drugs represent a useful addition to the therapeutic armamentarium, but because of limited clinical experience and cost considerations their firstline use cannot be recommended in most situations.
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-pharmacology; *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Epilepsy-drug-therapy
CHECKTAGS: Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW,-TUTORIAL
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20139095
UPDATE CODE: 200005
Record 22 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: A 13-year-old with an acute change in mental status.
AUTHOR(S): Gidal-BE; Seltz-JN; Rutecki-P
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53792, USA.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Semin-Pediatr-Neurol. 1999 Sep; 6(3): 146-9; discussion 149-50
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1071-9091
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: A 13-year-old boy with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome characterized by absence, myoclonic, complex-partial, and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, presents with progressive obtundation and loss of motor and verbal skills over a 2-day period. Initial evaluation revealed therapeutic phenytoin serum concentrations. This article discusses the differential diagnosis and management approach used in this setting, as well as the appropriate interpretation of antiepileptic drug serum concentrations.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Acute-Disease; Adolescence-; Anticonvulsants-blood; Consciousness-Disorders-diagnosis; Corticotropin-therapeutic-use; Diagnosis,-Differential; Dose-Response-Relationship,-Drug; Electroencephalography-; Phenytoin-blood; Status-Epilepticus-complications; Status-Epilepticus-diagnosis; Status-Epilepticus-drug-therapy; Syndrome-
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anticonvulsants-therapeutic-use; *Consciousness-Disorders-etiology; *Phenytoin-adverse-effects; *Status-Epilepticus
CHECKTAGS: Case-Report; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 57-41-0; 9002-60-2
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anticonvulsants; Phenytoin; Corticotropin
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 99451828
UPDATE CODE: 200005
Record 23 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: Lennox-Gastaut syndrome after a further attenuated live measles vaccination.
AUTHOR(S): Ishikawa-T; Ogino-C; Chang-S
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya City University Medical School, Kawasumi, Nagoya, Japan. ishikwt@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Brain-Dev. 1999 Dec; 21(8): 563-5
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0387-7604
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: NETHERLANDS
ABSTRACT: We reported a 2-year-old boy with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, of which the cause could be an adverse effect of further attenuated live (FL) measles vaccine. The pre- and peri-natal histories of the patient were uneventful, except that he was one of monozygotic twins. He had developed normally until 24 months of life, when tonic seizures began on postvaccination day 14 without a preceding episode of continuous fever or any neurologic symptoms. The tonic seizures and atypical absence have been intractable as to various antiepileptic drugs, while his twin brother has experienced no epileptic seizures.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Child,-Preschool; Epilepsy,-Generalized-physiopathology; Epilepsy,-Generalized-virology; Japan-
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Epilepsy,-Generalized-etiology; *Measles-complications; *Measles-Vaccine-adverse-effects
CHECKTAGS: Case-Report; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Measles-Vaccine
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20064930
UPDATE CODE: 200003
Record 24 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: Efficacy of five days' barbiturate anesthesia in the treatment of intractable epilepsies in children.
AUTHOR(S): Rantala-H; Saukkonen-AL; Remes-M; Uhari-M
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Finland. Heikki.Rantala@oulu.fi
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Epilepsia. 1999 Dec; 40(12): 1775-9
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0013-9580
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: UNITED-STATES
ABSTRACT: PURPOSE: To analyze the efficacy of barbiturate anesthesia in the treatment of intractable epilepsies in childhood. METHODS: Anesthesia for 4-5 days with thiopentone sodium was used to treat children with intractable epilepsy in the Department of Pediatrics, Oulu, Finland, from November 1980 through December 1995. The number of epileptic seizures, the number and dosage of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and psychomotor development before and after anesthesia were compared. RESULTS: Fifty-four children with intractable epilepsy were treated with barbiturate anesthesia. Twenty-four children had infantile spasms; 22, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; seven, complex partial epilepsy; and one, myoclonic epilepsy. Twenty-four (44.4%) children had complications during the anesthesia. The seizures recurred in 53 of the 54 patients in a median time of 12 days after the anesthesia. In 42 (78%) children, the seizure frequency returned to a level equal to or higher than that before the anesthesia in a median time of 211 days. The number of AEDs was significantly greater after than before the anesthesia (6.33 vs. 4.8; p < 0.001). Seventeen (32.5%) children were treated surgically after the anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Although the seizures are eliminated or the seizure frequency decreases for a short period after the barbiturate anesthesia, the anesthesia does not change the long-term outcome and is therefore inefficient in the treatment of childhood intractable epilepsies.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Anesthetics,-Intravenous-administration-and-dosage; Anesthetics,-Intravenous-therapeutic-use; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Epilepsy-drug-therapy; Follow-Up-Studies; Thiopental-administration-and-dosage; Treatment-Outcome
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Anesthesia,-Intravenous-methods; *Epilepsy-therapy; *Thiopental-therapeutic-use
CHECKTAGS: Female; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: CLINICAL-TRIAL; JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER OR EC NUMBER: 0; 76-75-5
NAME OF SUBSTANCE: Anesthetics,-Intravenous; Thiopental
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20077590
UPDATE CODE: 200003
Record 25 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: Is the International League against Epilepsy classification of epileptic syndromes applicable to children in Estonia?
AUTHOR(S): Beilmann-A; Talvik-T
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu, Estonia. anneli@lkl.lk.cut.ee
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Europ-J-Paediatr-Neurol. 1999; 3(6): 265-72
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1090-3798
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: ENGLAND
ABSTRACT: The concept of the epileptic syndrome has had a practical and research impact on the management of patients with epilepsy. The aim of the present study was to verify the applicability of the International Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes in children and adolescents in Estonia. A population-based study was performed between January 1995 and December 1997 in seven counties. Only cases involving children between the ages of 1 month and 19 years with at least two unprovoked seizures were included. In all, 560 children and adolescents were referred to the Children's Hospital of the University of Tartu. A syndrome diagnosis was made in 550 (98.2%) cases: (49.4%) were localization-related (6.4% idiopathic, 18.9% symptomatic, 24.1% cryptogenic). Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes was present in 33 (5.9%) and childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms in three (0.5%); 48.4% were generalized (28.8% idiopathic, 5.7% cryptogenic or symptomatic, 14% symptomatic). Childhood absence epilepsy was present in 6.4%, juvenile absence in 2.0%, juvenile myoclonic in 0.7% and epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures on awakening in 17.7%. West syndrome was diagnosed in 1.4%, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in 2.9% of the cases. In 0.4% of the cases it was undetermined whether seizures were focal or generalized. In 8.8% of the cases there were atypical features so they were classified as 'other symptomatic generalized epileptic syndromes not defined above' and 1.8% of the cases were unclassified. Specific neurological diseases were diagnosed in 5.0% of cases. Thus, the International Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes was very applicable to children and adolescents in Estonia.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adolescence-; Child-; Child,-Preschool; Electroencephalography-; Epilepsy-diagnosis; Epilepsy-physiopathology; Estonia-; Infant-; Infant,-Newborn; Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging; Syndrome-
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Association-; *Epilepsy-classification; *Epilepsy-prevention-and-control; *International-Cooperation
CHECKTAGS: Human
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20061120
UPDATE CODE: 200003
Record 26 of 26 in MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 2000/01-2000/10
TITLE: Immunohistochemical analysis in a case of idiopathic Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.
AUTHOR(S): Kawashima-T; Adachi-T; Tokunaga-Y; Furuta-A; Suzuki-SO; Doh-ura-K; Iwaki-T
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Neuropathology, Neurological Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
SOURCE (BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION): Clin-Neuropathol. 1999 Nov-Dec; 18(6): 286-92
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0722-5091
PUBLICATION YEAR: 1999
LANGUAGE OF ARTICLE: ENGLISH
COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: GERMANY
ABSTRACT: We herein report a neuropathological and immunohistochemical analysis of a brain from a 25-year-old male with idiopathic type of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). The clinical pictures, such as seizure type and progressive mental deterioration with an initial normal psychomotor and mental development in a man were typical of LGS. A routine neuropathological examination showed no pronounced changes, such as neuronal loss, morphologically abnormal neurons, inflammation, vascular changes, Lafora bodies and tumor cells, except that mild gliosis was seen only in CA4 of the hippocampus. Numerous corpora amylacea were observed throughout the cerebral cortices subjacent to the pia mater. An immunohistochemical analysis showed no marked findings for such proteins as glutamate transporters, glutamate decarboxylase, glutamine synthetase, neuronal cytoskeleton proteins and heat-shock proteins. However, intense ubiquitin-immunostained neurons were only found in CA4 of the hippocampus, whereas numerous astrocytes showed a strong immunoreaction for glial fibrillary acidic protein, but showed an exclusively reduced immunoreactivity for metallothionein-I/II, zinc-chelating protein. Our findings thus suggest that the pathology in the hippocampus is either causally or consequentially associated with the seizures occurring in LGS.
MINOR MESH HEADINGS: Adult-; Epilepsy-pathology; Immunohistochemistry-; Psychomotor-Performance-physiology; Syndrome-
MAJOR MeSH HEADINGS: *Epilepsy-metabolism
CHECKTAGS: Case-Report; Human; Male
PUBLICATION TYPE: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
MEDLINE ACCESSION NUMBER: 20046499
UPDATE CODE: 200003