A literature search at Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
TI: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reverses motor impairment in 16-17 month old rats.
AU: Bowenkamp-KE; Lapchak-PA; Hoffer-BJ; Bickford-PC
AD: Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.
SO: Neurosci-Lett. 1996 Jun 21; 211(2): 81-4
ISSN: 0304-3940
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: Aging is accompanied with declines in motoric function which may be the result of deficits in central nervous system dopaminergic function. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to have neuroprotective and restorative effects on dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway in young rats. In this study, 10, 40, or 60 micrograms GDNF or vehicle was injected intrastriatally in 16-17 month old Fischer 344 rats. Coordination and muscle strength as determined by performance on an inclined balance beam and a wire grip strength test were monitored for up to 5 weeks post-injection. GDNF elicited dose-dependent improvements in motor coordination without concurrent increases in strength. The highest dose tested produced > 79% improvement in motor coordination, resulting in performance scores approaching those achieved by 3 month old rats tested concurrently. These findings indicate GDNF produces profound improvement in the motoric function of mature rats, which may be related to dopaminergic circuits.
MESH: Aging-drug-effects; Dopamine-physiology; Dose-Response-Relationship,-Drug; Gait-drug-effects; Hand-Strength-physiology; Injections-; Motor-Activity-drug-effects; Muscle,-Skeletal-drug-effects; Neostriatum-drug-effects; Neostriatum-physiology; Psychomotor-Performance-drug-effects; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-F344; Up-Regulation-Physiology-drug-effects
MESH: *Aging-physiology; *Nerve-Regeneration-drug-effects; *Nerve-Tissue-Proteins-pharmacology; *Neuroprotective-Agents-pharmacology
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 51-61-6
NM: glial-cell-line-derived-neurotrophic-factor; Nerve-Tissue-Proteins; Neuroprotective-Agents; Dopamine
AN: 96427533
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 2 of 55
TI: Muscle differentiation during repair of myocardial necrosis in rats via gene transfer with MyoD.
AU: Murry-CE; Kay-MA; Bartosek-T; Hauschka-SD; Schwartz-SM
AD: Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA. murry@u.washington.edu
SO: J-Clin-Invest. 1996 Nov 15; 98(10): 2209-17
ISSN: 0021-9738
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Myocardial infarcts heal by scar formation because there are no stem cells in myocardium, and because adult myocytes cannot divide and repopulate the wound. We sought to redirect the heart to form skeletal muscle instead of scar by transferring the myogenic determination gene, MyoD, into cardiac granulation (wound repair) tissue. A replication-defective adenovirus was constructed containing MyoD under transcriptional control of the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat. The virus converted cultured cardiac fibroblasts to skeletal muscle, indicated by expression of myogenin and skeletal myosin heavy chains (MHCs). To determine if MyoD could induce muscle differentiation in vivo, we injected 2 x 10(9) or 10(10) pfu of either the MyoD or a control beta-galactosidase adenovirus into healing rat hearts, injured 1 wk previously by freeze-thaw. After receiving the lower viral dose, cardiac granulation tissue expressed MyoD mRNA and protein, but did not express myogenin or skeletal MHC. When the higher dose of virus was administered, double immunostaining showed that cells in reparative tissue expressed both myogenin and embryonic skeletal MHC. No muscle differentiation occurred after beta-galactosidase transfection. Thus, MyoD gene transfer can induce skeletal muscle differentiation in healing heart lesions. Modifications of this strategy might eventually provide new contractile tissue to repair myocardial infarcts.
MESH: beta-Galactosidase-genetics; Adenoviridae-genetics; Blotting,-Northern; Cells,-Cultured; Fibroblasts-; Gene-Expression; Gene-Transfer; Genetic-Engineering; Genetic-Vectors; Immunohistochemistry-; Muscle,-Skeletal-cytology; Muscle,-Skeletal-metabolism; Muscle,-Smooth-cytology; Myogenin-biosynthesis; Myosin-Heavy-Chains-biosynthesis; Proteins-analysis; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; RNA,-Messenger-analysis; Transfection-
MESH: *Gene-Therapy; *Myocardial-Infarction-genetics; *Myocardial-Infarction-therapy; *MyoD-Protein-genetics; *Wound-Healing-genetics
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: HL03174HLNHLBI; HL26404HLNHLBI; AR18860ARNIAMS
RN: EC 3.2.1.23; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0
NM: beta-Galactosidase; Genetic-Vectors; Myogenin; Myosin-Heavy-Chains; MyoD-Protein; Proteins; RNA,-Messenger
AN: 97096790
UD: 9703
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 3 of 55
TI: Comparison of various interpositional materials in the prevention of transphyseal bone bridge formation.
AU: Martiana-K; Low-CK; Tan-SK; Pang-MW
AD: Department of Orthopaedic O, Singapore General Hospital.
SO: Clin-Orthop. 1996 Apr(325): 218-24
ISSN: 0009-921X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Various interpositional materials, except muscle, have been used to prevent transphyseal bone bridge formation after resection of the damaged physeal plate. In this animal model, muscle was used as an interpositional material, and its effectiveness was compared with that of 3 known materials (fat, physeal allograft, and iliac apophyseal autograft). Five experiments were done on the distal femoral physis of 40 skeletally immature 3-month-old New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were divided into 5 groups, each containing 8 rabbits. A standard defect was created in the lateral distal physis of the left femur in all the rabbits. In Group A, there was no interpositional material. Vastus lateralis muscle, groin fat, physeal allograft, and iliac apophyseal autograft were inserted into the femoral defect in Groups B, C, D, and E, respectively. The right femur served as a sham control for the animals. The animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks after surgery. The results of limb length discrepancy and angular deformity of the groups with interpositional material were compared with those of Group A (experimental control). Muscle, fat, and iliac apophyseal autografts had less severe limb length discrepancy and angular deformity. These differences were statistically significant, whereas the differences between allograft and experimental control were statistically insignificant.
MESH: Disease-Models,-Animal; Femur-; Growth-Plate-injuries; Growth-Plate-radiography; Leg-Length-Inequality-etiology; Rabbits-; Transplantation,-Autologous; Transplantation,-Homologous
MESH: *Adipose-Tissue-transplantation; *Bone-Regeneration-physiology; *Growth-Plate-surgery; *Growth-Plate-transplantation; *Ilium-transplantation; *Muscle,-Skeletal-transplantation
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97104854
UD: 9703
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 4 of 55
TI: Electromyographic evaluation of experimental nerve grafts suggests better recovery with microscope assistance.
AU: Stancic-MF; Micovic-V; Bobinac-D; Starcevic-G; Fuzinac-A; Tomljanovic-Z
AD: Department of Anatomy, Rijeka University Medical School, Croatia.
SO: Pflugers-Arch. 1996; 431(6 Suppl 2): R285-6
ISSN: 0031-6768
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: Controversy surrounds the value of optic magnification for peripheral nerve surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the loupe magnification with microscope-assisted techniques in a rat tibial nerve graft model. The parameters studied included motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), clinical test equivalent (CTE), soleus muscle weight (SMW) and morphometric nerve indices. In the loupe and microscope groups MNCV mean was 26.77 +/- 9.37 m/sec and 44.19 +/- 11.36 m/sec respectively. MNCV results suggest better regeneration in the microscope group, as confirmed by CTE, SMW and myelinated fibre (MF) diameter.
MESH: Action-Potentials-physiology; Microscopy-; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Muscle,-Skeletal-transplantation; Muscle,-Skeletal-ultrastructure; Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; Nerve-Tissue-ultrastructure; Neural-Conduction-physiology; Organ-Weight-physiology; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-F344; Tibial-Nerve-physiology; Tibial-Nerve-transplantation; Tibial-Nerve-ultrastructure
MESH: *Electromyography-methods; *Nerve-Tissue-physiology; *Nerve-Tissue-transplantation
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96364138
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 5 of 55
TI: Successive injections in mdx mice of myoblasts grown with bFGF.
AU: Kinoshita-I; Vilquin-JT; Roy-T; Tremblay-JP
AD: Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada.
SO: Neuromuscul-Disord. 1996 May; 6(3): 187-93
ISSN: 0960-8966
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: We studied the effects of single and repeated sets of injections in the same muscle of mdx mice of myoblasts grown with or without a high concentration 100 ng ml-1 of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The injected myoblasts were obtained from non-dystrophic transgenic mice expressing the beta-galactosidase gene under the control of a muscle-specific promoter. In these experiments, the host muscle was not irradiated to prevent muscle regeneration by host myoblasts. The host muscle was not damaged before myoblast transplantation with notexin, marcaine or cold to trigger a regeneration-degeneration cycle. Without such pretreatments, the first set of injections of myoblasts grown without bFGF produced only 8% beta-galactosidase-positive and dystrophin-positive muscle fibers 1 month after transplantation. The percentage of muscle fibers containing the donor reporter gene increased, however, to 26% following a second set of injections in the same muscle. The percentage of muscle fibers expressing the donor reporter gene was significantly higher when the myoblasts were grown with a high dose of bFGF. Indeed the first set of injections produced 34% beta-gal-positive fibers while a second set of injections raised this percentage to 54%. In all cases, the percentage of dystrophin-positive fibers was similar to that of beta-gal-positive fibers. Therefore a high percentage of muscle fibers of donor origin can be obtained without preliminary damaging treatments of the mdx muscle when myoblasts grown with bFGF are injected several times. The effects of bFGF is not produced by increasing the percentage of myoblasts in a primary muscle culture since improvement of myoblast transplantation was obtained with a pure myoblast clone even with a lower concentration (10 ng ml-1) of bFGF.
MESH: Animals,-Newborn; Antigens,-Viral,-Tumor-biosynthesis; Cells,-Cultured; Crosses,-Genetic; H-2-Antigens-genetics; Interferon-Type-II-pharmacology; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-mdx; Mice,-Transgenic; Muscle,-Skeletal-drug-effects; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Polyomavirus-macacae-genetics; Promoter-Regions-Genetics; Recombination,-Genetic; Regeneration-; Transcription,-Genetic-drug-effects
MESH: *Cell-Transplantation; *Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-pharmacology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-cytology
TG: Animal; Female; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 82115-62-6
NM: Antigens,-Viral,-Tumor; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic; H-2-Antigens; Interferon-Type-II
AN: 96379258
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 6 of 55
TI: Changes in mRNA levels of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic-reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase isoforms in the rat soleus muscle regenerating from notexin-induced necrosis.
AU: Zador-E; Mendler-L; Ver-Heyen-M; Dux-L; Wuytack-F
AD: Institute of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University Szeged, Hungary.
SO: Biochem-J. 1996 Nov 15; 320 ( Pt 1): 107-13
ISSN: 0264-6021
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: The relative mRNA levels corresponding to the different sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic-reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase isoforms (SERCA1a, SERCA1b, SERCA2a, SERCA2b and SERCA3) were measured by reverse transcriptase-PCR in rat soleus muscles regenerating after notexin-induced necrosis. The succession of appearance of the different types of SERCA mRNA species in regenerating muscle largely recapitulates those observed during normal ontogenesis. The mRNA levels of the muscle-specific isoforms SERCA1a and SERCA2a became very low on the first and third days after injection of the snake venom. It was only on the fifth day of regeneration that the mRNA of the neonatal variant of the fast-twitch skeletal SERCA1b isoform began to rise, well before the other SERCA transcripts. At 7 and 10 days, i.e. at a time when the new myofibres normally become reinnervated, the mRNA level of SERCA1a and SERCA2a increased markedly, but the fast-twitch skeletal SERCA1a isoform was still the most prominent. On day 21, in the advanced stage of regeneration, a switch in the relative expression levels of SERCA1a and SERCA2a mRNA was observed and the ratio of both isoforms became similar to that found in the normal soleus muscles. This was followed by a decline in the level of all SERCA mRNA species, so that on day 28 the levels of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmatic-reticulum Ca(2+)-pump RNAs was again lower but their ratio remained similar to that of the untreated control soleus.
MESH: Glyceraldehydephosphate-Dehydrogenase-genetics; Muscle,-Skeletal-drug-effects; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Necrosis-; Neurotoxins-pharmacology; Polymerase-Chain-Reaction; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; RNA,-Messenger-genetics
MESH: *Ca2+-Transporting-ATPase-genetics; *Ca2+-Transporting-ATPase-metabolism; *Elapid-Venoms-pharmacology; *Isoenzymes-genetics; *Muscle,-Skeletal-enzymology; *Regeneration-; *RNA,-Messenger-metabolism
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: EC 1.2.1.9; EC 3.6.1.38; 0; 0; 0; 0; 37223-96-4
NM: Glyceraldehydephosphate-Dehydrogenase; Ca(2+)-Transporting-ATPase; Elapid-Venoms; Isoenzymes; Neurotoxins; RNA,-Messenger; notexin
AN: 97103102
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 7 of 55
TI: Leukaemia inhibitory factor treatment stimulates muscle regeneration in the mdx mouse.
AU: Kurek-J; Bower-J; Romanella-M; Austin-L
AD: Melbourne Neuromuscular Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
SO: Neurosci-Lett. 1996 Jul 19; 212(3): 167-70
ISSN: 0304-3940
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: A number of growth factors are involved in coordinating muscle cell proliferation and differentiation, particularly after injury and in disease. Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) strongly stimulates the proliferation of myoblasts in vitro and in vivo and its expression in muscle after injury suggests that LIF may have a role as a trauma factor. The mdx mouse was used to study the effects of LIF on in vivo muscle regeneration during disease. The rationale for using trophic factors such as LIF to treat neuromuscular disease includes the understanding that these molecules show some degree of selectivity for the population of cells in which they are effective. LIF was administered to muscle of the mdx mouse using osmotic pumps implanted subcutaneously in unrestrained mice. The growth factor was continuously delivered into the vastus lateralis muscle at 7 U/mu 1 for 7 days via a catheter. The results show that LIF increased the rate of muscle regeneration in mdx mice by stimulating the formation of larger myotubes. LIF treatment also increased the number of regenerating myotubes in the perfused area. This myotrophic action indicates that LIF contributes to muscle regeneration. Together with its known neurotrophic action, LIF is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neuromuscular disease.
MESH: Disease-Models,-Animal; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-mdx; Muscular-Dystrophy,-Animal-drug-therapy
MESH: *Growth-Inhibitors-pharmacology; *Growth-Substances-pharmacology; *Lymphokines-pharmacology; *Muscles-drug-effects; *Regeneration-drug-effects
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0
NM: D-factor; Growth-Inhibitors; Growth-Substances; Lymphokines
AN: 96440788
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 8 of 55
TI: An animal model for maxillary reconstruction using a temporalis muscle flap.
AU: Cheung-LK
AD: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
SO: J-Oral-Maxillofac-Surg. 1996 Dec; 54(12): 1439-45
ISSN: 0278-2391
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: PURPOSE: This article describes the feasibility of using the temporalis muscle flap to cover a defect after maxillectomy in cats and to evaluate the clinical healing process of this flap in the oral environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material consisted of 30 cats of the Felis catus species. A standardized unilateral maxillectomy was performed and the resulting defect immediately closed with a pedicled temporalis flap. The healing of this flap was clinically assessed at determined intervals. RESULTS: Healing of the temporalis flap in the oral environment of cats progressed from an inflammatory to a proliferative phase, with eventual coverage by a smooth oral mucosa 18 to 24 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The cat proved to be a useful model for this type of study.
MESH: Cats-; Surgical-Flaps-physiology; Wound-Healing
MESH: *Disease-Models,-Animal; *Maxilla-surgery; *Surgical-Flaps; *Temporal-Muscle-surgery
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97116031
UD: 9703
SB: AIM; DENTAL
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 9 of 55
TI: [Participation of thymus cells in post-traumatic regeneration of irradiated skeletal muscles after their treatment with pulsed ultrasound]
TO: Uchastie kletok timusa v posttravmaticheskoi regeneratsii obluchennykh skeletnykh myshts pri vozdeistvii na nikh impul'snogo ul'trazvuka.
AU: Zubkova-SM; Mikhailik-LV; Buliakova-NV; Azarova-VS; Popova-MF
SO: Dokl-Akad-Nauk. 1996 Sep; 350(3): 418-20
ISSN: 0869-5652
PY: 1996
LA: RUSSIAN; NON-ENGLISH
CP: RUSSIA
MESH: Muscle,-Skeletal-injuries; Muscle,-Skeletal-radiation-effects; Rats-; Thymus-Gland-cytology
MESH: *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Radiation-Injuries,-Experimental-physiopathology; *Regeneration-; *Thymus-Gland-physiology; *Ultrasonics-
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97117444
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 10 of 55
TI: [The effect of pulsed ultrasound on regeneration of locally irradiated mammalian skeletal muscles]
TO: Vliianie ul'trazvuka v impul'snom rezhime na regeneratsiiu lokal'no obluchennykh skeletnykh myshts mlekopitaiushchikh.
AU: Buliakova-NV; Zubkova-SM; Azarova-VS; Popova-MF; Mikhailik-LV; Varakina-NI
SO: Dokl-Akad-Nauk. 1996 Sep; 350(2): 263-7
ISSN: 0869-5652
PY: 1996
LA: RUSSIAN; NON-ENGLISH
CP: RUSSIA
MESH: Muscle,-Skeletal-injuries; Muscle,-Skeletal-radiation-effects; Organ-Weight; Radiation-Injuries,-Experimental-pathology; Radiation-Injuries,-Experimental-therapy; Rats-
MESH: *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Radiation-Injuries,-Experimental-physiopathology; *Regeneration-; *Ultrasonics-
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97117433
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 11 of 55
TI: Deflazacort but not prednisone improves both muscle repair and fiber growth in diaphragm and limb muscle in vivo in the mdx dystrophic mouse.
AU: Anderson-JE; McIntosh-LM; Poettcker-R
AD: Department of Anatomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
SO: Muscle-Nerve. 1996 Dec; 19(12): 1576-85
ISSN: 0148-639X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The effects of the glucocorticoids deflazacort and prednisone on mdx mouse dystrophy and muscle regeneration were evaluated in a 4.5-week double-blind study to test whether they would decrease dystrophy by anti-inflammatory effects [in intact diaphragm and left tibialis anterior (TA) muscle] and increase new muscle formation (after crush injury). In the left TA, fiber diameter was greater after deflazacort and prednisone compared to placebo. However, only deflazacort increased the centronucleation index of accumulated damage and repair, and myotube growth over the long term. In crush-injured TA, the fusion of proliferative muscle precursors to myotubes (by autoradiography) was increased only after deflazacort. Diaphragm muscle was much less inflamed, and fiber diameter was greater after deflazacort. Results suggest that glucocorticoids decreased the severe phenotype of dystrophy in the mdx diaphragm. Moreover, deflazacort uniquely promoted myogenic repair over short and longer terms, in addition to stimulating fiber growth. These first clues to the targets of deflazacort action on muscle repair have important positive implications for treating Duchenne dystrophy.
MESH: Diaphragm-pathology; Leg-; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-mdx; Muscle-Fibers-physiology; Muscles-injuries; Muscles-physiopathology; Myositis-physiopathology; Wounds,-Nonpenetrating-pathology; Wounds,-Nonpenetrating-physiopathology
MESH: *Diaphragm-physiopathology; *Muscles-drug-effects; *Muscular-Dystrophy,-Animal-physiopathology; *Prednisone-pharmacology; *Pregnenediones-pharmacology; *Regeneration-
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 14484-47-0; 53-03-2
NM: Pregnenediones; deflazacort; Prednisone
AN: 97096248
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 12 of 55
TI: Regeneration and revascularization of a nerve-intact skeletal muscle graft in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
AU: Carlsen-RC; Kerlin-D; Gray-SD
AD: Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
SO: Am-J-Physiol. 1996 Jan; 270(1 Pt 2): R153-61
ISSN: 0002-9513
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Skeletal muscles in hypertensive subjects develop an increased resistance to insulin that reduces their ability to incorporate glucose and synthesize glycogen. Insulin is an anabolic hormone in muscle, and muscle insulin receptors bind the growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), an important contributor to muscle development and regeneration. An increase in insulin resistance in hypertensive subjects might produce muscle atrophy and weakness or limit regenerative growth after injury. Regenerative muscle growth was assessed in 24-to 26-wk-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats by subjecting extensor digitorum longus (EDL), an ankle flexor, to a nerve-intact graft procedure. The procedure produces extensive muscle fiber and capillary degeneration, but has little effect on the muscle nerve. Muscle morphology and contractile function were examined in intact and regenerating EDL at 21, 42, and 63 days postgraft. Muscle revascularization was assessed histologically at the same time points. Severe established hypertension did not prevent the reestablishment of a structurally normal capillary network in injured muscles. SHR muscle fiber regeneration and maturation, however, were significantly depressed compared with WKY grafts. The reduced regenerative recovery of SHR EDL in adult animals with severe hypertension does not appear to be due to a failure to restore the muscle nerve or capillary network, but may reflect a reduced anabolic response to insulin or IGF-I.
MESH: Muscle-Contraction; Muscle-Fibers,-Fast-Twitch-physiology; Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; Muscles-pathology; Muscles-physiopathology; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-WKY; Toes-
MESH: *Muscle,-Skeletal-blood-supply; *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Muscles-transplantation; *Neovascularization,-Physiologic; *Rats,-Inbred-SHR-physiology; *Regeneration-
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Human; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: HL37080HLNHLBI; HL42463HLNHLBI
AN: 96365620
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 13 of 55
TI: Effects of leflunomide and cyclosporine on myocutaneous allograft survival in the rat.
AU: Yeh-LS; Gregory-CR; Griffey-SM; Lecouteur-RA; Morris-RE
AD: Department of Surgical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
SO: Transplantation. 1996 Sep 27; 62(6): 861-3
ISSN: 0041-1337
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The immunosuppressive effects of leflunomide and cyclosporine were evaluated in a rat neurovascularized myocutaneous allograft model. Inbred Brown-Norway and Lewis rats were served as donors and recipients, respectively. All recipients were observed for 60 days or until allograft rejection occurred. All isograft controls (Lewis to Lewis, n=6) survived uneventfully. All control allografts (n=6) were rejected within 6 days. Allograft recipients (n=6) administered leflunomide (10 mg/kg/24 hr) rejected their allografts in 28.50+/-6.12 days, and allograft recipients (n=6), administered cyclosporine (5 mg/kg/24 hr) rejected their allografts in 24.33+/-10.48 days. When allograft recipients were administered a combination of leflunomide and cyclosporine (10 mg/kg/24 hr and 5 mg/kg/24 hr, respectively), all allografts survived to 60 days with only partial rejection of the skin of one graft. The neuromuscular function of the allografts of the rats receiving combination therapy was comparable to that of the isografts. The combination of leflunomide and cyclosporine controlled myocutaneous allorejection despite a strong immunological challenge.
MESH: Cyclosporine-therapeutic-use; Evoked-Potentials; Hindlimb-; Immunosuppressive-Agents-therapeutic-use; Isoxazoles-therapeutic-use; Nerve-Regeneration-drug-effects; Neural-Conduction-drug-effects; Neuromuscular-Junction-drug-effects; Neuromuscular-Junction-physiology; Peripheral-Nerves-transplantation; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-BN; Rats,-Inbred-Lew
MESH: *Cyclosporine-pharmacology; *Graft-Rejection-prevention-and-control; *Graft-Survival-drug-effects; *Immunosuppressive-Agents-pharmacology; *Isoxazoles-pharmacology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-transplantation; *Skin-Transplantation-immunology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 59865-13-3; 75706-12-6
NM: Immunosuppressive-Agents; Isoxazoles; Cyclosporine; leflunomide
AN: 96421873
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 14 of 55
TI: Evidence for multiple satellite cell populations and a non-myogenic cell type that is regulated differently in regenerating and growing skeletal muscle.
AU: Molnar-G; Ho-ML; Schroedl-NA
AD: Department of Clinical Science, Nemours Research Programs, Alfred I. duPont Institute, Wilmington, DE 19599, USA. Molnar@helios.medsci.udel.edu
SO: Tissue-Cell. 1996 Oct; 28(5): 547-56
ISSN: 0040-8166
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: SCOTLAND
AB: We have performed studies to determine if different populations of satellite cells provide nuclei to growing and regenerating skeletal muscle fibers. Satellite cells were isolated from regenerating or growing anterior tibialis muscles, and their phenotypic properties were compared in vitro. Isolates from regenerating muscle contained 31% satellite cells, and those from control muscle contained 66% satellite cells, as determined by their expression of desmin. Among the desmin-positive satellite cells present from each preparation, two distinct populations of satellite cells were evident. Approximately 28% of satellite cell colonies were composed of only large cells, contained less than 50 cells/colony, and were designated as type 1 colonies. The remainder of satellite cell colonies isolated from either regenerating or control muscles were primarily composed of small cells, contained from 60 to 150 cells/colony, and were designated as type 2 colonies. Despite dramatic differences in the ratio of myogenic to non-myogenic cell types, satellite cells from regenerating and control muscles formed myotubes and expressed myosin heavy chain at similar levels. Treatment of regenerating cultures with dexamethasone resulted in a 16% increase in the number of desmin-positive colonies and dramatically decreased the proliferation of non-myogenic cells. These results suggest that at least two distinct populations of satellite cells can be isolated from regenerating and control skeletal muscles, and that non-myogenic cells are differentially regulated in regenerating versus non-regenerating environments.
MESH: Cell-Differentiation-physiology; Cell-Division-physiology; Cells,-Cultured; Clone-Cells; Desmin-analysis; Muscle-Fibers-ultrastructure; Muscle,-Skeletal-chemistry; Muscle,-Skeletal-cytology; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley
MESH: *Cell-Nucleus-ultrastructure; *Muscle-Fibers-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Regeneration-physiology
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0
NM: Desmin
AN: 97011892
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 15 of 55
TI: Factors inducing mast cell accumulation in skeletal muscle.
AU: Lefaucheur-JP; Gjata-B; Sebille-A
AD: Laboratoire de Physiologie, Atelier de Regeneration Neuromusculaire, Faculte de Medecine Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
SO: Neuropathol-Appl-Neurobiol. 1996 Jun; 22(3): 248-55
ISSN: 0305-1846
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: It has been suggested that mast cells contribute to the phenotype of dystrophinopathies, but the mechanisms of their recruitment into the skeletal muscle remain hypothetical. The aim of this study is to quantify the presence of mast cells in muscle during the cellular events of myofibre degeneration and regeneration. For this purpose, we compare the mast cell profile in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice in which muscles exhibit spontaneous cycles of degeneration-regeneration from 3 weeks of age, with that in Swiss mice in which muscles were injured either by ischaemia or by notexin injection. Notexin is an A2-type phospholipase that rapidly disrupts myofibre plasma membranes, while ischaemia results in a slower process of degeneration. Both lesions are followed by a successful regeneration. In intact muscles, mast cell counts (mean +/- SEM/mm2) range from 1.8 +/- 1 to 4.3 +/- 1.6. The injection of notexin is far more potent in recruiting mast cells into damaged muscle than is ischaemia (118.5 +/- 13.0 vs 12.3 +/- 1.8/mm2). Thus we conclude that the early disruption of the myofibre membrane could elicit mast cell accumulation in skeletal muscle. This may explain the elevated number of mast cells observed in mdx muscles, as dystrophin deficiency is though to induce myofibre membrane leakage. On the other hand, mast cells are more numerous in muscles of young and adult mdx mice that are allowed to regenerate, than in muscles of older animals in which there is little regeneration and fibrosis develops. In injured muscles, the peak of mast cell number is at the onset of regeneration (by day 3 after notexin injection, and by day 11 after ischaemia), rather than during the phase of myofibre necrosis. Therefore, we suggest that the mast cells, through the effects of released mediators, could contribute to muscle regeneration.
MESH: Cell-Count; Dyes-; Elapid-Venoms-metabolism; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-mdx; Mice,-Inbred-C57BL; Necrosis-; Neurotoxins-metabolism; Regeneration-physiology; Species-Specificity
MESH: *Mast-Cells-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-pathology; *Muscular-Dystrophy,-Animal-pathology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 37223-96-4
NM: Dyes; Elapid-Venoms; Neurotoxins; notexin
AN: 96396924
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 16 of 55
TI: Coculture of rat embryonic proprioceptive sensory neurons and myotubes.
AU: Copray-S; Liem-R; Mantingh-Otter-IJ; Brouwer-N
AD: Department of Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
SO: Muscle-Nerve. 1996 Nov; 19(11): 1401-12
ISSN: 0148-639X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: With the aim to study the cellular mechanism underlying the process of muscle spindle regeneration, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons derived from 16-day rat embryos were cocultured with developing myotubes in a compartmentalized culture device. To accomplish the selective survival and neurite formation of the proprioceptive subpopulation, the neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, was added to the culture medium. It appeared that the proprioceptive DRG neurons could develop specialized, Ia afferent terminal-like contacts with myotubes. However, these interactions were scarce and did not result in the induction of differentiation of the contacted myotubes into intrafusal fibers as normally occurs during in vivo development. The present coculture setup apparently lacks appropriate regulatory factors essential for the proper matching of sensory axons and intrafusal fiber precursors and the induction of a functional sensory myoneural connection.
MESH: Cell-Survival; Coculture-; Embryo-cytology; Embryo-ultrastructure; Ganglia,-Spinal-cytology; Muscle-Spindles-physiology; Muscles-cytology; Nerve-Growth-Factors-physiology; Neurites-physiology; Neuromuscular-Junction-physiology; Neuromuscular-Junction-ultrastructure; Neuronal-Plasticity; Rats-embryology; Regeneration-
MESH: *Embryo-physiology; *Ganglia,-Spinal-embryology; *Muscle-Fibers-physiology; *Muscles-embryology; *Neurons,-Afferent-physiology; *Proprioception-physiology
TG: Animal; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: N01HD23144HDNICHD
RN: 0; 0
NM: neurotrophin-3; Nerve-Growth-Factors
AN: 97028384
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 17 of 55
TI: Limited fiber type grouping in self-reinnervation cat tibialis anterior muscles.
AU: Unguez-GA; Roy-RR; Bodine-Fowler-S; Edgerton-VR
AD: Department of Physiological Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1761, USA.
SO: Muscle-Nerve. 1996 Oct; 19(10): 1320-7
ISSN: 0148-639X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The percent and distribution patterns of three immunohistochemically identified fiber types within the anterior compartment of the cat tibialis anterior were determined 6 months after denervation and self-reinnervation. After self-reinnervation, mean frequencies of slow (9%) and fast (91%) fibers were similar to those in control (12% and 88%, respectively) muscles. However, a lower proportion of fast-1 (26%) and a higher proportion of fast-2 (65%) fibers were observed in self-reinnervated than control (32% and 56%) muscles. Quantitation of adjacencies between fibers of similar myosin heavy chain (MHC) phenotype, a measure of type grouping, revealed that the frequencies of two slow or two fast-1 fibers being adjacent in self-reinnervated muscles were similar to control. In contrast, the frequency of fast-2/fast-2 fiber adjacencies found in self-reinnervated muscles (45%) was significantly higher than in control muscles (37%). In both groups, the frequency of adjacencies between slow, fast-1, or fast-2 fibers was largely attributable to the number of each fiber type present. These data show that the incidence of grouping within each fiber type present was not altered after 6 months of self-reinnervation. Minimal changes in the spatial distribution of fiber types following self-reinnervation in adults suggests a limited degree of conversion of muscle fibers to a MHC phenotype matching the motoneuron characteristics.
MESH: Cats-; Denervation-; Immunohistochemistry-
MESH: *Foot-; *Muscle-Fibers-classification; *Muscle-Fibers-ultrastructure; *Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; *Muscle,-Skeletal-ultrastructure; *Nerve-Regeneration
TG: Animal; Female; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: NS16333NSNINDS
AN: 96404476
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 18 of 55
TI: Leukemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-6 are produced by diseased and regenerating skeletal muscle.
AU: Kurek-JB; Nouri-S; Kannourakis-G; Murphy-M; Austin-L
AD: Melbourne Neuromuscular Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
SO: Muscle-Nerve. 1996 Oct; 19(10): 1291-301
ISSN: 0148-639X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The process of skeletal muscle regeneration following injury or disease involves locally produced growth factors which control cellular proliferation and differentiation. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have previously been shown to promote the proliferation of myoblasts in vitro, and thus may be involved in muscle regeneration. In the present investigation, the in vivo expression of these two myogenic growth factors was examined in regenerating muscle after a crush injury of wild type mice, and in diseased skeletal muscle and diaphragm of the mdxmouse. Using Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction we have demonstrated that while normal muscle rarely expresses mRNA for these two molecules, there is significant up-regulation following injury, coinciding with the active period of muscle regeneration. This suggests these molecules act as locally produced trauma factors. This observation is reinforced in mdxmouse muscle, which is undergoing a cycle of degeneration and regeneration, and expresses both LIF and IL-6. Using in situ hybridization we have localized mRNA for LIF expression in the mdx diaphragm, suggesting that local production of these molecules by regenerating muscle itself, as well as by other cells in muscle, plays an important role in muscle regeneration.
MESH: Diaphragm-metabolism; Diaphragm-pathology; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-mdx; Mice,-Inbred-C57BL; Muscle,-Skeletal-injuries; Muscle,-Skeletal-pathology; Muscular-Diseases-pathology; Time-Factors
MESH: *Growth-Inhibitors-biosynthesis; *Interleukin-6-biosynthesis; *Lymphokines-biosynthesis; *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiopathology; *Muscular-Diseases-metabolism; *Regeneration-
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0
NM: D-factor; Growth-Inhibitors; Interleukin-6; Lymphokines
AN: 96404473
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 19 of 55
TI: Reinnervation accuracy of the rat femoral nerve by motor and sensory neurons.
AU: Madison-RD; Archibald-SJ; Brushart-TM
AD: Divison of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
SO: J-Neurosci. 1996 Sep 15; 16(18): 5698-703
ISSN: 0270-6474
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Previous studies in the rat femoral nerve have shown that regenerating motor neurons preferentially reinnervate a terminal nerve branch to muscle as opposed to skin, a process that has been called preferential motor reinnervation. However, the ability of sensory afferent neurons to accurately reinnervate terminal nerve pathways has been controversial. Within the dorsal root ganglia, sensory neurons projecting to muscle are interspersed with sensory neurons projecting to skin. Thus, anatomical studies assessing the accuracy of sensory neuron regeneration have been hampered by the inability to reliably determine their original innervation status. A sensory neuron that regenerated an axon into a terminal nerve branch to muscle might represent either an appropriate return of an original sensory afferent to muscle stretch receptors or the inappropriate recruitment of a cutaneous sensory afferent that originally innervated skin. The current experiments used a labeling strategy that effectively labels motor and sensory neurons projecting to a terminal nerve branch before experimental manipulation of the parent mixed nerve. Our results confirm previous observations concerning preferential motor reinnervation for motor neurons, and show for the first time anatomical evidence of specificity during regeneration of sensory afferent projections to muscle. In addition, the accuracy of sensory afferent regeneration was highly correlated with the accuracy of motor regeneration. This suggests that these two distinct neuronal populations that project to muscle respond in parallel to specific guidance factors during the regeneration process.
MESH: Carbocyanines-; Fluorescent-Dyes; Hindlimb-; Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Synaptic-Transmission
MESH: *Femoral-Nerve-physiology; *Motor-Neurons-physiology; *Nerve-Regeneration; *Neurons,-Afferent-physiology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S.; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: NS2240411NSNINDS
RN: 0; 0; 40957-95-7; 82785-14-6
NM: Carbocyanines; Fluorescent-Dyes; 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine; fluoro-gold
AN: 96388224
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 20 of 55
TI: Differential expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor in skeletal muscle of chick and rat after nerve injury.
AU: Ip-FC; Fu-AK; Tsim-KW; Ip-NY
AD: Department of Biology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
SO: J-Neurochem. 1996 Oct; 67(4): 1607-12
ISSN: 0022-3042
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The activities of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) were initially thought to be restricted to cells in the nervous system. However, the recent identification of its receptor specificity-conferring alpha component (CNTFR alpha) in skeletal muscle has provided the clue to the unexpected actions of CNTF in the periphery. In the present study, we demonstrated that the mRNA expression of CNTFR alpha in chick skeletal muscle was decreased by approximately 10-fold after nerve transection; this finding is in sharp contrast to the dramatic up-regulation observed in denervated rat muscle. As a first step toward investigating the differential regulation of CNTFR alpha in chick and rat, we examined the mRNA expression of CNTFR alpha in different types of muscle following nerve injury in young and adult animals. Our findings demonstrated that the differential expression of CNTFR alpha observed in denervated skeletal muscle of the chick and rat was not dependent on age or muscle type. The temporal profile of the changes in CNTFR alpha expression was, however, dependent on the age of the chick as well as the types of muscles. Furthermore, the low level of CNTFR alpha expression observed in denervated chick muscle recovered to almost control levels in regenerating skeletal muscle. Taken together, our findings provided the first extensive analysis on the mRNA expression of CNTFR alpha and the alpha subunit of the acetylcholine receptor in various skeletal muscles of the chick following nerve injury and regeneration.
MESH: Blotting,-Northern; Chickens-; Muscle,-Skeletal-growth-and-development; Nerve-Crush; Rats-; Regeneration-; RNA,-Messenger-biosynthesis; RNA,-Messenger-isolation-and-purification; Sciatic-Nerve-growth-and-development; Transcription,-Genetic
MESH: *Aging-physiology; *Down-Regulation-Physiology; *Muscle-Denervation; *Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; *Muscle,-Skeletal-metabolism; *Receptors,-Nerve-Growth-Factor-biosynthesis; *Sciatic-Nerve-physiology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0
NM: ciliary-neurotrophic-factor-receptor; Receptors,-Nerve-Growth-Factor; RNA,-Messenger
AN: 97012129
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 21 of 55
TI: Experimental study on neurorrhaphy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in dogs.
AU: Rubio-A; Fernandez-MR; Figols-J; Rama-J
AD: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.
SO: J-Laryngol-Otol. 1996 Aug; 110(8): 748-53
ISSN: 0022-2151
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: The effectiveness of anastomosis of a divided recurrent laryngeal nerve was evaluated in six adult mongrel dogs. Videolaryngoscopy and evoked compound muscle action potentials in the intrinsic laryngeal muscles were performed at six months and the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles and recurrent laryngeal nerves were processed for histomorphometric studies. Recovery of compound muscle action potentials in all re-innervated muscles and histomorphometric findings confirmed a good grade of axonal regeneration. The most significant histomorphometric changes observed were: a reactive hypertrophy of type I fibres in the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles of the re-innervated side, and a high nerve fibre density in the distal stump to the anastomosis. However, incomplete recovery of motion and fasciculated movements of the re-innervated vocal folds were observed. Reduction of effective motor units in the re-innervated muscles might be a factor that cause incomplete restoration of vocal fold movements.
MESH: Action-Potentials-physiology; Dogs-; Electrophysiology-; Image-Processing,-Computer-Assisted; Laryngeal-Muscles-physiology; Laryngoscopy-; Treatment-Outcome; Video-Recording
MESH: *Anastomosis,-Surgical; *Nerve-Regeneration; *Recurrent-Laryngeal-Nerve-physiology; *Recurrent-Laryngeal-Nerve-surgery
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97023248
UD: 9702
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 22 of 55
TI: Myosin heavy chain of immature soleus muscle grafts adapts to hyperthyroidism more than to physical activity.
AU: Devor-ST; White-TP
AD: Department of Human Biodynamics, University of California, Berkeley 94720-4480, USA.
SO: J-Appl-Physiol. 1996 Mar; 80(3): 789-94
ISSN: 8750-7587
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The interaction of hyperthyroidism and the elements of physical activity on early regeneration of muscle grafts was investigated. Soleus muscle grafts were studied 15 days after graft operations in eu- and hyperthyroid rats. Hypotheses were tested regarding the adaptation of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) profile of grafts and nongrafted control muscles and whether the effect of hyperthyroidism would predominate over the opposing influence of recruitment and mechanical load on MHC of grafts. Denervation and myectomy of synergist muscles were employed to manipulate the elements of physical activity. Denervation decreased the expression of type I MHC, and hyperthyroidism furthered the shift toward a "fast" isoform profile. For example, in denervated grafts, type IIb was undetected in euthyroid rats and accounted for 31% of MHC in hyperthyroid rats. Compared with control muscles, grafts in the denervated and innervated-normal load groups demonstrated greater plasticity because the adaptive response of MHC to thyroid status was more pronounced. Hyperthyroidism predominated over the opposing influence of the elements of physical activity on the regulation of MHC expression in innervated plus overload grafts. For example, type I MHC was 86% of MHC profile of innervated plus overload grafts in euthyroid rats and was only 49% in hyperthyroid rats. In conclusion, a heightened plasticity for grafts was evidenced in denervated and innervated tissues, and the regulation of MHC by thyroid hormone predominated over that due to the elements of physical activity.
MESH: Denervation-; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar
MESH: *Hyperthyroidism-metabolism; *Muscle,-Skeletal-transplantation; *Myosin-Heavy-Chains-physiology; *Regeneration-physiology
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: DE07687DENIDR
RN: 0
NM: Myosin-Heavy-Chains
AN: 96249543
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 23 of 55
TI: [Effect of pulsed infrared laser radiation on post-traumatic regeneration of locally-irradiated skeletal muscles and status of the rat thymus]
TO: Deistvie impul'snogo infrakrasnogo lazernogo izlucheniia na posttravmaticheskuiu regeneratsiiu lokal'no obluchennoi skeletnoi myshtsy i sostoianie timusa krys.
AU: Buliakova-NV; Zubkova-SM; Popova-MF; Azarova-VS; Mikhailik-LV; Varakina-NI
SO: Dokl-Akad-Nauk. 1996 Jul; 349(1): 124-8
ISSN: 0869-5652
PY: 1996
LA: RUSSIAN; NON-ENGLISH
CP: RUSSIA
MESH: Muscle,-Skeletal-injuries; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Rats-
MESH: *Infrared-Rays; *Lasers-; *Muscle,-Skeletal-radiation-effects; *Regeneration-radiation-effects
TG: Animal; Female; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97019767
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 24 of 55
TI: The exogenous administration of basic fibroblast growth factor to regenerating skeletal muscle in mice does not enhance the process of regeneration.
AU: Mitchell-CA; McGeachie-JK; Grounds-MD
AD: Department of Pathology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia. CMitchell@alpha.kerckhoff.mpg.de
SO: Growth-Factors. 1996; 13(1-2): 37-55
ISSN: 0897-7194
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: SWITZERLAND
AB: The effects, in vivo, of the exogenous administration of bFGF on myogenesis of regenerating skeletal muscle was assessed either morphometrically or autoradiographically in three separate models of muscle injury in mice: crush-injured, denervated, and dystrophic (mdx) muscles. The bFGF was administered at various doses and different time schedules, sometimes in combination with heparin, into injured tibialis anterior muscles of mice. Delivery of the bFGF was either by direct intramuscular injection or by the sustained release from 888polymers (Hydron or Elvax) implanted into the muscles. The bioactivity of bFGF was confirmed in vitro by measuring its ability to stimulate the proliferation of BALB/c-3T3 fibroblasts and muscle precursor cell lines. The ability of bFGF to stimulate angiogenesis in vivo was confirmed by the implantation of controlled-release polymers containing bFGF into the normally avascular cornea of rats. No measurable effect of bFGF was seen in any of the models of skeletal muscle injury under these experimental conditions, indicating that the availability of biologically active bFGF is not a limiting factor in the regeneration of skeletal muscle following injury.
MESH: Cell-Division-drug-effects; Cell-Nucleus-metabolism; Cells,-Cultured; Cornea-drug-effects; Denervation-; Drug-Carriers-chemistry; Drug-Carriers-metabolism; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-administration-and-dosage; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-analysis; Heparin-metabolism; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-mdx; Mice,-Inbred-BALB-C; Muscle,-Skeletal-cytology; Muscle,-Skeletal-metabolism; Muscular-Dystrophy-genetics; Polyvinyls-metabolism; Rats-; Sucralfate-metabolism
MESH: *Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-pharmacology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-drug-effects; *Muscle,-Skeletal-injuries; *Regeneration-drug-effects
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 24937-78-8; 54182-58-0; 9005-49-6
NM: Drug-Carriers; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic; Polyvinyls; ethylenevinylacetate-copolymer; Sucralfate; Heparin
AN: 96398125
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 25 of 55
TI: Hepatic regeneration induces changes in lipoprotein lipase activity in several tissues and its re-expression in the liver.
AU: Sabugal-R; Robert-MQ; Julve-J; Auwerx-J; Llobera-M; Peinado-Onsurbe-J
AD: Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
SO: Biochem-J. 1996 Sep 1; 318 ( Pt 2): 597-602
ISSN: 0264-6021
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: We examined the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene and LPL activity following a two-thirds hepatectomy and during liver regeneration. In most of the tissues studied, LPL activity increased a few hours after partial hepatectomy, but soon returned to normal levels. The greatest increase was found in the adrenal glands, plasma and liver. This increase in LPL activity in the liver could be partially due to an increase in the influx of the enzyme from extrahepatic tissues. There is, however, also a re-expression of LPL mRNA in the liver after partial hepatectomy (during the first hours). It is well known that LPL is expressed in the liver of neonatal animals, but progressively decreases during post-natal development, to reach adult levels around the time of weaning. Our results show by the first time that the remaining liver re-expresses LPL gene during the regeneration process and that the hepatocytes de-differentiate and acquire some of the neonatal characteristics. The increase in LPL mRNA will contribute to the rise in LPL activity after hepatectomy. This presence of LPL could enable the liver to take up fatty acids from the circulating triacylglycerols, which are needed as energetic and plastic substrates during the process of hepatic regeneration.
MESH: Adipose-Tissue-enzymology; Adrenal-Glands-enzymology; Body-Weight; Brown-Fat-enzymology; Enzyme-Induction; Hepatectomy-; Lipoprotein-Lipase-blood; Muscle,-Skeletal-enzymology; Myocardium-enzymology; Organ-Specificity; Organ-Weight; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; RNA,-Messenger-biosynthesis; Time-Factors
MESH: *Lipoprotein-Lipase-biosynthesis; *Liver-enzymology; *Liver-Regeneration; *Transcription,-Genetic
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: EC 3.1.1.34; 0
NM: Lipoprotein-Lipase; RNA,-Messenger
AN: 96404911
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 26 of 55
TI: Aging effects in skeletal muscle recovery after reinnervation.
AU: Choi-SJ; Harii-K; Asato-H; Ueda-K
AD: Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
SO: Scand-J-Plast-Reconstr-Surg-Hand-Surg. 1996 Jun; 30(2): 89-98
ISSN: 0284-4311
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: SWEDEN
AB: To investigate the influence of age on the process of muscle recovery after nerve repair, the nerves of the right extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and the right soleus muscles of 63 2-month-old and 61 15-month-old rats, respectively, were transsected and resutured. At four, eight, 16, and 24 weeks after nerve repair, functional recovery of the muscle was assessed by electromyographic (EMG) recordings and isometric muscle contraction. Muscle weight, morphological, and morphometric studies were also done. At four and eight weeks after nerve repair the younger age groups showed higher rates of recovery compared with the control side (left EDL and soleus) (recovery rate (%) = operated/control x 100) than the older age groups, and the recovery rates of soleus (slow twitch muscle) in both age groups were higher than EDL (fast twitch muscle). However, the differences between the two age groups decreased at 16 and 24 weeks after nerve repair in both muscles. We therefore conclude that earlier differences were the effects of nerve regeneration on the muscle between different ages and the reason for the reduced differences at later stages was that after reinnervation began, not only the nerve but also the muscle recovered successfully in older age groups, and slow motor units reinnervated faster than the fast units in both age groups. Our present study shows that the older age groups also have a good prognosis for recovery of muscle function after nerve repair.
MESH: Electromyography-; Microscopy,-Electron,-Scanning; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Muscle,-Skeletal-ultrastructure; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar
MESH: *Aging-physiology; *Muscle-Contraction-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96412628
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 27 of 55
TI: Effect of postoperative treatment with a combination of chuangxiong and electret on functional recovery of muscle grafts: an experimental study in the dog.
AU: Hua-J; En-tan-G
AD: Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
SO: Plast-Reconstr-Surg. 1996 Oct; 98(5): 851-5
ISSN: 0032-1052
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Clinical experiences have shown that simultaneous use of constitutional and local treatments postoperatively may increase recovery of transplanted muscle function more than any single treatment. In the present experiment, 27 adult dogs had orthotopic replantation of their bilateral rectus femoris muscles by microneurovascular anastomoses with different therapeutic methods postoperatively for 22 weeks grouped as local implantation of an electret substance (n = 14), intramuscular injection of chuangxiong (Ligusticum wallichii franch) (n = 12), combined use of these two treatments (n = 14), or control (n = 14) to evaluate the influence of these different treatments on muscle function and morphology; electromyography, maximal tetanic tension, and histologic and histochemical examinations showed that the results in all the treatment groups were superior to those in the nontreatment group and that simultaneous use of constitutional and local treatments was superior to any single treatment. At week 22, the maximal tetanic tension of the three treatment groups returned to 57.68 +/- 1.67, 53.64 +/- 3.28, and 64.94 +/- 3.28 percent of control values (before transplantation), respectively, versus 47.99 +/- 2.21 percent in the nontreatment group. These results suggest that treatment with local electret and systemic chuangxiong simultaneously has a favorable effect on nerve regeneration and on muscle function after muscle transplantation.
MESH: Dogs-; Electromyography-; Injections,-Intramuscular; Muscle,-Skeletal-drug-effects; Nerve-Regeneration-drug-effects; Postoperative-Period
MESH: *Biocompatible-Materials; *Drugs,-Chinese-Herbal-pharmacology; *Electrochemistry-; *Fluorocarbon-Polymers; *Muscle,-Skeletal-transplantation; *Polyethylenes-; *Polypropylenes-; *Replantation-
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0
NM: chuangxiong; Biocompatible-Materials; Drugs,-Chinese-Herbal; Fluorocarbon-Polymers; Polyethylenes; Polypropylenes
AN: 96420326
UD: 9701
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 28 of 55
TI: Induction of transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction prevents motoneuron death after axotomy in neonatal rats.
AU: Greensmith-L; Dick-J; Emanuel-AO; Vrbova-G
AD: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, U.K.
SO: Neuroscience. 1996 Mar; 71(1): 213-20
ISSN: 0306-4522
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Motoneurons to rat hindleg muscles die after neonatal nerve injury. Here we show that increasing transmitter release of motor nerve terminals by treatment with 4-aminopyridine, prior to nerve injury at three days, reduces the extent of motoneuron death. Retrograde labelling of soleus motoneurons was carried out in 10-week-old animals that had their sciatic nerve crushed on one side when they were three days old. Only 20% (+/- 4.2 S.E.M.) of the motoneurons survived the nerve injury. A group of animals similarly injured at three days had their calf muscles treated with 4-aminopyridine at birth, prior to nerve injury. In these animals a significantly higher percentage (51 +/- 6.6% S.E.M.) of soleus motoneurons survived. In order to assess the proportion of surviving alpha-motoneurons only, the number of motor units in both the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles was established by following the stepwise increments of twitch tension in response to increasing intensity of stimulation of the respective motor nerve. After nerve injury at three days only 18% (+/- 4.1% S.E.M.) of motor units to soleus and 28.5% (+/- 4.9% S.E.M.) to extensor digitorum longus survived and were able to reinnervate their respective muscles. If the nerve injury was preceded by local application of 4-aminopyridine, then the number of motor units present in the reinnervated muscles was significantly greater, so that in soleus 52.7% (+/- 5.4% S.E.M.) and in extensor digitorum longus 52.1% (+/- 2.4% S.E.M.) of motor units were present. This increase of motoneuron survival was reflected in a smaller weight loss and in a better restoration of force production by the pretreated as compared to untreated muscles on reinnervation after nerve injury. It is suggested that enhancing transmitter release from nerve endings in neonatal animals induces the motoneuron to become more resistant to nerve injury.
MESH: Cell-Death-drug-effects; Cell-Death-physiology; Motor-Neurons-drug-effects; Muscle-Contraction-physiology; Muscle-Denervation; Muscle,-Skeletal-drug-effects; Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Nerve-Crush; Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; Neuromuscular-Junction-drug-effects; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Sciatic-Nerve-drug-effects; Sciatic-Nerve-metabolism; Sciatic-Nerve-physiology; 4-Aminopyridine-pharmacology
MESH: *Animals,-Newborn-physiology; *Axons-physiology; *Motor-Neurons-physiology; *Neuromuscular-Junction-metabolism; *Neurotransmitters-metabolism
TG: Animal; Female; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 504-24-5
NM: Neurotransmitters; 4-Aminopyridine
AN: 96431321
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 29 of 55
TI: The use of cultured Schwann cells in nerve repair in a rabbit hind-limb model.
AU: Brown-RE; Erdmann-D; Lyons-SF; Suchy-H
AD: Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield 62702-9230, USA.
SO: J-Reconstr-Microsurg. 1996 Apr; 12(3): 149-52
ISSN: 0743-684X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: A 3-cm peripheral nerve gap in a rabbit hind-limb model was repaired by using a polyglycolic acid (PGA) conduit filled with a gelatin/Schwann-cell suspension. Postoperative nerve function after 16 weeks, as measured by isometric twitch and tetanic muscle strengths, and nerve conduction velocities, failed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference, compared to a control group in which the nerve gap was reconstructed by using a PGA conduit filled with gelatin only. The 3-cm gap in the described model may not have been long enough to show a significant difference between the two groups. Alternatively, the transferred cultured Schwann cells may have been functionally inactive.
MESH: Cells,-Cultured; Hindlimb-; Isometric-Contraction-physiology; Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Neural-Conduction-physiology; Peroneal-Nerve-physiology; Polyglycolic-Acid; Rabbits-
MESH: *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; *Peroneal-Nerve-surgery; *Schwann-Cells-transplantation
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 26009-03-0
NM: Polyglycolic-Acid
AN: 96294974
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 30 of 55
TI: Self-reinnervated cat medial gastrocnemius muscles. II. analysis of the mechanisms and significance of fiber type grouping in reinnervated muscles.
AU: Rafuse-VF; Gordon-T
AD: Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
SO: J-Neurophysiol. 1996 Jan; 75(1): 282-97
ISSN: 0022-3077
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: 1. The technique of glycogen depletion was used to determine whether regenerating motor axons reestablish the normal regionalization of motor units (MUs) in the cat medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle, 2) whether the extent of clumping between MU fibers and/or type grouping of muscle fibers progressively increases with a decrease in reinnervated MU numbers, and 3) whether the pattern of innervation can explain why MUs fail to increase significantly in size when the cut nerve is sutured directly to the muscle, even when few axons make functional connections. 2. Distributions of MU fibers were analyzed in 5 normal and 14 reinnervated cat MG muscles 4.5-16 mo after sectioning of its nerve and suturing of the proximal end to the distal nerve sheaths (N-N suture) or directly to the muscle fascia (N-M suture). Muscle unit distributions were quantified according to location, territory size, density, and extent of clumping between fibers from the same MU. 3. Normal MU fibers were regionalized within five regions along the muscle's longitudinal and transverse axes. Reinnervated MUs were located within similar regions, indicating that regenerating axons follow the major proximal nerve branches to restore normal compartmentalization. 4. Muscle unit fibers were diffusely scattered within discrete MU territories in normal muscles. Territory size tended to increase with MU size, whereas density of muscle unit fibers within the territory decreased. 5. Territories increased with MU size after N-N suture but were smaller and showed little size variation after N-M suture. The extent of muscle unit fiber clumping was inversely related to the number of reinnervated MUs. On average, the extent of clumping was substantially higher in muscles reinnervated after N-M suture. These results indicate that distal nerve sheaths facilitate proximal axon branching, which establishes MU territory size. Once the territory is established, motor axons branch distally to increase MU size, which in turn compensates for reduced MU numbers. 6. Muscles reinnervated by < 80% of the MUs exhibited fiber type grouping of type I fibers, and on average the extent of clumping was substantially higher in muscles reinnervated after N-M suture. With less innervation, type grouping increased inversely with the number of reinnervated MUs. However, for a similar number of MUs, type I fiber type grouping was substantially higher in muscle reinnervated after N-M suture. Type grouping therefore reflects muscle unit fiber clumping under conditions where MU size increased (N-N suture) or MU territory size decreased (N-M suture).
MESH: Cats-; Microsurgery-; Motor-Neurons-physiology; Muscle-Contraction-physiology; Nerve-Fibers-physiology; Peripheral-Nerves-surgery
MESH: *Glycogen-metabolism; *Muscle-Fibers-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; *Peripheral-Nerves-injuries
TG: Animal; Female; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 9005-79-2
NM: Glycogen
AN: 96419799
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 31 of 55
TI: Self-reinnervated cat medial gastrocnemius muscles. I. comparisons of the capacity for regenerating nerves to form enlarged motor units after extensive peripheral nerve injuries.
AU: Rafuse-VF; Gordon-T
AD: Department of Pharmacolog, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
SO: J-Neurophysiol. 1996 Jan; 75(1): 268-81
ISSN: 0022-3077
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: 1. The aims of this study are to determine 1) whether regenerating motor axons have the capacity to form enlarged motor units (MUs) in muscles reinnervated by few motoneurons and 2) whether the type of nerve injury, repair, and/or growth environment affects this capacity. 2. MU innervation ratio (IR) was estimated by measuring isometric unit tetanic force in reinnervated cat medial gastrocnemius muscles 3-16 mo after denervation by either 1) crushing its nerve, 2) transecting the nerve and suturing the proximal end to the distal stump (N-N suture), or 3) transecting the nerve and suturing the proximal end directly to the muscle fascia (N-M suture). In addition, the number of regenerating axons was experimentally reduced by cutting one of two contributing ventral roots. 3. Muscles were reinnervated by 2-88% of their normal complement of MUs. Mean unit tetanic force increased as the number of reinnervated MUs decreased in reinnervated muscles after nerve crush or N-N suture, but not after N-M suture, even when few axons made functional connections. When the number of MUs was < 20% of normal, mean unit force was significantly higher in reinnervated muscles after nerve crush compared with muscle reinnervated after N-N suture. 4. The cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of all muscle fiber types were similar to normal in reinnervated muscles after nerve crush, but the CSAs of type IIa and IIb fibers were significantly smaller in muscles reinnervated after complete nerve transections (i.e., N-N or N-M sutures). 5. When MU force was normalized to mean muscle fiber CSA, cut motor axons displayed the same capacity to form enlarged MUs as crushed motor axons. The force of the MUs increased by as much as 5-8 times that of normal, provided the axons grew along the distal nerve stump (N-N suture). 6. Tetanic force increased in the normal order slow < fast-fatigue resistant < fast-fatigue intermediate = fast-fatigable. However, the increase in tetanic force of the slow (S) units was significantly larger than the corresponding increase of the more forceful fast (F) units. The disproportional increase in S and not F unit force, was primarily due to a significant decline in CSA of the type IIa and IIb muscle fibers. 7. The technique of glycogen depletion was used to count MU fibers to estimate the IR of MUs in 5 normal and 11 reinnervated muscles (7 N-N sutures, 4 N-M sutures). Unit tetanic force covaried with IR in both normal and reinnervated muscles. 8. These results show that regenerating axons have the same capacity as intact axons in partially denervated muscles to form enlarged MUs to compensate for a reduced number of functioning MUs. Only when axons regenerate in the absence of the distal nerve sheath is this capacity compromised.
MESH: Axons-physiology; Cats-; Glycogen-metabolism; Microsurgery-; Muscle-Contraction-physiology; Muscle-Denervation; Peripheral-Nerves-surgery
MESH: *Motor-Neurons-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; *Nerve-Net-physiology; *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; *Peripheral-Nerves-injuries
TG: Animal; Female; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 9005-79-2
NM: Glycogen
AN: 96419798
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 32 of 55
TI: Angiogenic and inflammatory responses following skeletal muscle injury are altered by immune neutralization of endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 and transforming growth factor-beta 1.
AU: Lefaucheur-JP; Gjata-B; Lafont-H; Sebille-A
AD: Laboratoire de Physiologie, Atelier de Regeneration Neuro-musculaire, Faculte de Medecine Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
SO: J-Neuroimmunol. 1996 Oct; 70(1): 37-44
ISSN: 0165-5728
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: Injured skeletal muscle degeneration comprises early microvascular changes and inflammatory cell infiltration, possibly under the control of several growth factors. We have studied the role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF beta 1), by injecting specific anti-growth factor neutralizing antibodies into mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle at the time of injury (denervation and devascularization). Four days later, at the height of damaged myofiber phagocytosis, we assessed quantitatively revascularization, phagocytic activity, and inflammation. The immune neutralization of bFGF reduced the number of capillaries, macrophages and mast cells, and delayed necrotic myofiber phagocytosis. The immune neutralization of IGF1 or TFG beta 1 promoted muscle revascularization, macrophage infiltration and necrotic myofiber phagocytosis. While IGF1 neutralization reduced the number of mast cells and did not modify that of T-cells or neutrophils, TGF beta 1 neutralization increased the number of all of these cells. This study strongly suggests differing roles for bFGF, IGF1 and TFG beta 1 in angiogenic and inflammatory responses during muscle degeneration, apart from their known effects on the behaviour of myogenic cells.
MESH: Antibodies-immunology; Antibody-Specificity; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-antagonists-and-inhibitors; Insulin-Like-Growth-Factor-I-antagonists-and-inhibitors; Macrophages-pathology; Mast-Cells-pathology; Mice-; Muscle-Denervation; Muscle,-Skeletal-blood-supply; Muscle,-Skeletal-pathology; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Myositis-etiology; Necrosis-; Neutrophils-pathology; Phagocytosis-drug-effects; T-Lymphocytes-pathology; Transforming-Growth-Factor-beta-antagonists-and-inhibitors
MESH: *Antibodies-pharmacology; *Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-physiology; *Insulin-Like-Growth-Factor-I-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-injuries; *Myositis-physiopathology; *Neovascularization,-Physiologic-drug-effects; *Regeneration-; *Transforming-Growth-Factor-beta-physiology; *Wound-Healing-drug-effects
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 67763-96-6
NM: Antibodies; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic; Transforming-Growth-Factor-beta; Insulin-Like-Growth-Factor-I
AN: 97015452
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 33 of 55
TI: A morphometric technique for the histological quantification of skeletal muscle regeneration.
AU: Marlow-SA; McGeachie-JK; Tennant-M; Papadimitriou-JM
AD: Department of Pathology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands.
SO: J-Anat. 1996 Aug; 189 ( Pt 1): 151-8
ISSN: 0021-8782
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Variation in the regenerative capacity of damaged skeletal muscle between different strains of mice has been well documented but no precise quantitative method has been established to measure directly the phenotypic influences on muscle regeneration. We have developed such a method which allows clear distinction between the regenerative responses in Quackenbush and BALB/c mice. To quantitate regeneration, crushed tibialis anterior muscles taken from Quackenbush, BALB/c and F2 offspring 10 d postinjury were analysed morphometrically by light microscopy. Myotubes in the intermediate crush zone of transverse muscle sections were abundant in Quackenbush but sparse in BALB/c mice. In F2 offspring, regeneration responses reflected those of the parental strains, with no intermediate phenotypes. Statistical analyses indicated a high level of precision and accuracy in the determination of significant differences between regeneration in the different strains and in the F2 offspring. The data presented indicate that this method of quantification of skeletal muscle regeneration may be used for studies on the assessment of the genetic basis for phenotypic variation.
MESH: Genotype-; Methods-; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-BALB-C; Mice,-Inbred-Strains; Muscle,-Skeletal-pathology; Phenotype-; Species-Specificity
MESH: *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Regeneration-physiology
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96367292
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 34 of 55
TI: Long-term isoprenaline administration and its effect on the revascularisation and regeneration of skeletal muscle transplants in mice.
AU: Roberts-P; McGeachie-JK
AD: Department of Human Biology, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
SO: J-Anat. 1996 Jun; 188 ( Pt 3): 705-12
ISSN: 0021-8782
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: The long-term administration of the beta 2-agonist isoprenaline (at 2 dosages: 100 micrograms/kg or 300 micrograms/kg) was investigated for its effect on the revascularisation and regeneration of skeletal muscle transplants in mice, and also to determine if there was a dose dependent effect. Morphometric, histological and autoradiographic techniques were employed for the investigation. It was found that the accelerated revascularisation observed in a previous short-term study on the effects of isoprenaline did not occur in longer-term usage (as evidenced by autoradiographic and histological results). However, in the present study, the numbers of presumptive satellite cells (identified by autoradiographic examination) were increased at both dosages in the isoprenaline-treated mice. Significant differences were seen in a number of the parameters examined morphometrically, both between the 2 groups which received isoprenaline, and between these groups and the controls (particularly in the volume of regenerated muscle). Dose dependency was therefore evident between the 2 isoprenaline doses and it was concluded that the increased volume of regenerated muscle seen in these transplants was due to the hypertrophic effect of isoprenaline.
MESH: Autoradiography-; Dose-Response-Relationship,-Drug; Infant-; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-BALB-C; Muscle,-Skeletal-blood-supply; Time-Factors
MESH: *Adrenergic-beta-Agonists-administration-and-dosage; *Isoproterenol-administration-and-dosage; *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-transplantation; *Regeneration-
TG: Animal; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 7683-59-2
NM: Adrenergic-beta-Agonists; Isoproterenol
AN: 96284224
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 35 of 55
TI: Creatine kinase release from regenerated muscles after eccentric contractions in rats.
AU: Sakamoto-K; Nosaka-K; Shimegi-S; Ohmori-H; Katsuta-S
AD: Department of Environmental Science, Yokohama City University, Japan.
SO: Eur-J-Appl-Physiol. 1996; 73(6): 516-20
ISSN: 0301-5548
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that an increase in plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity after eccentric contractions (ECC) would be attenuated in regenerated muscle fibres. Adult male Wistar rats (aged 12-14 weeks) were randomly assigned to a treatment group (n = 14) or a control group (n = 10). In the treatment group, 1.2% barium chloride solution (BaCl2) was injected into the tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles to induce degeneration and subsequent regeneration. The same amount of isotonic saline solution was injected into TA and EDL for the control group. Histological observation showed that approximately 50% of the fibres in the transverse sections of both muscles underwent necrosis 2 days after BaCl2 injection. The CK activity increased about tenfold at 2-4 h after BaCl2 injection. At 4 weeks after BaCl2 injection, when the regeneration process was almost complete, the TA and EDL of anaesthetized rats from both groups were subjected to ECC in which maximal dorsiflexion was caused by nerve electrical stimulation and the flexed foot was forcibly extended by a lever arm connected to a motor. This action was performed in 2 sets of 30 repetitions. Maximal isometric torque of the dorsiflexors decreased to about 15% (P < 0.01) of the pre-ECC value immediately after the exercise. Blood samples were collected before and 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 h after ECC. The CK activity increased significantly (P < 0.01) and peaked at 2-4 h after ECC, and there was no significant difference in the amount of CK increase between the treatment [1007 (SEM 120) IU.l-1] and the control [1064 (SEM 120) IU.l-1] group. Contrary to the hypothesis, CK release after ECC was not attenuated in muscle regenerated from BaCl2-induced myonecrosis.
MESH: Barium-Compounds-pharmacology; Chlorides-pharmacology; Creatine-Kinase-blood; Isometric-Contraction; Muscle,-Skeletal-drug-effects; Necrosis-; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; Torque-
MESH: *Muscle-Contraction; *Muscle,-Skeletal-enzymology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Regeneration-
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: EC 2.7.3.2; 0; 0; 10361-37-2
NM: Creatine-Kinase; Barium-Compounds; Chlorides; barium-chloride
AN: 96414061
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 36 of 55
TI: Changes in satellite cell population associated with regenerating muscle fibers in rats.
AU: Luque-E; Pena-J; Salas-P; Jimena-I; Martin-JD
AD: Department of Morphological Sciences (Section of Histology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Spain.
SO: J-Submicrosc-Cytol-Pathol. 1996 Jul; 28(3): 305-11
ISSN: 0022-4782
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of satellite cells in regenerating muscles was performed at 4, 7 and 30 days after necrosis induced by mepivacaine injection. At 4 days, the small regenerating fibers were accompanied by a high number of satellite cells showing signs of activation; at 7 days, the number of satellite cells decreased and two morphological types of these cells were observed; at 30 days, satellite cells were similar in both number and characteristics to those of the control group. These results would indicate that satellite cells may vary both in number and morphological and morphometric features, according to the degree of maturity of the regenerating muscle fiber.
MESH: Cell-Count; Cell-Size; Mepivacaine-toxicity; Microscopy,-Electron; Necrosis-; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar
MESH: *Muscle-Fibers-pathology; *Muscles-physiology; *Regeneration-
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 96-88-8
NM: Mepivacaine
AN: 96324120
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 37 of 55
TI: Is increased voluntary motor activity beneficial or detrimental during the period of motor nerve regeneration/reinnervation?
AU: Soucy-M; Seburn-K; Gardiner-P
AD: Departement d'Education Physique, Universite de Montreal, Succ. Centre-ville.
SO: Can-J-Appl-Physiol. 1996 Jun; 21(3): 218-24
ISSN: 1066-7814
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: A model of partial denervation of the rat lateral gastrocnemius was used to investigate the effects of daily activity (treadmill plus voluntary wheel exercise) on the regeneration/reinnervation of motoneurons recovering from nerve crush. It appears that increased activity has no effect on axon regeneration rate, but may be detrimental to the reinnervation process.
MESH: Axons-physiology; Muscle-Contraction; Neural-Pathways-physiopathology; Neuromuscular-Junction-physiology; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Spinal-Nerve-Roots-injuries; Spinal-Nerve-Roots-physiopathology; Wound-Healing
MESH: *Motor-Activity-physiology; *Motor-Neurons-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology
TG: Animal; Female; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96384129
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 38 of 55
TI: Non-quantal acetylcholine release in the mouse diaphragm after phrenic nerve crush and during recovery.
AU: Nikolsky-EE; Oranska-TI; Vyskocil-F
AD: Kazan Medical University, Tatarstan, Russia.
SO: Exp-Physiol. 1996 May; 81(3): 341-8
ISSN: 0958-0670
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: The progressive decline and recovery of spontaneous quantal acetylcholine (ACh) release (miniature endplate potentials, MEPPs) and the H-effect were measured in the mouse diaphragm after nerve crush and during regeneration. The H-effect is the hyperpolarization of the muscle fibre membrane produced by the addition of (+)tubocurarine, which indicates non-quantal ACh release. One hour after nerve crush the H-effect had declined to 50% of control values and 4 h later the H-effect disappeared completely. There were no substantial changes in the MEPP frequency and amplitude during the first 4 h after denervation. MEPP frequency then increased, but after 6 h of denervation it decreased and after 16 h no MEPPs were found in any of the muscle fibres. The times of onset of these denervation changes in the proximal, central and distal parts of diaphragm were similar. During reinnervation, the H-effect was detectable in all muscle parts 3 days before the reappearance of MEPPs. The H-effect developed first on day 8 in the proximal endplates and then, with a delay of 3 and 6 days, in the central and distal areas, respectively. During axonal regrowth the non-quantal release was restored before detectable quantal release. Non-quantal release is the first indication of the ability of the nerve terminal to release ACh in the process of reinnervation.
MESH: Mice-; Motor-Endplate-physiology; Nerve-Crush; Neuromuscular-Junction-physiology; Neurons-physiology; Time-Factors
MESH: *Acetylcholine-secretion; *Diaphragm-innervation; *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; *Phrenic-Nerve-injuries; *Phrenic-Nerve-physiology
TG: Animal; Female; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 51-84-3
NM: Acetylcholine
AN: 96346819
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 39 of 55
TI: Repair of calvarial defects with flap tissue: role of bone morphogenetic proteins and competent responding tissues.
AU: Khouri-RK; Brown-DM; Koudsi-B; Deune-EG; Gilula-LA; Cooley-BC; Reddi-AH
AD: Division of Plastic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., USA.
SO: Plast-Reconstr-Surg. 1996 Jul; 98(1): 103-9
ISSN: 0032-1052
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Bone morphogenetic proteins 2 through 8 have the ability to induce the in vivo transformation of extraskeletal mesenchymal tissue into bone. The aims of this investigation were to determine the optimal responding tissue and the specificity of the inductive effect of bone morphogenetic protein 3. The optimal responding tissue was found to be skeletal muscle. The specificity of this response to bone morphogenetic protein 3 was compared with that of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor, recombinant platelet-derived growth factor, and recombinant insulin-like growth factor. Bone morphogenetic protein 3 was the only factor that induced de novo bone formation. This ability to transform muscle into bone was tested in 7 x 7 mm irradiated skull defects in the rat. After 1500 rads of exposure, these defects showed no significant signs of healing by 8 months. When these defects were treated with the microvascular transfer of a nonirradiated muscle flap, they had 8 percent healing at 4 months and 37 percent healing by 8 months. Defects treated with 30 micrograms bone morphogenetic protein 3 (without the muscle flap) achieved 50 percent healing by 4 months and 64 percent healing by 8 months. When the defects were treated with both the muscle flap and bone morphogenetic protein 3, there was 96 percent healing by 4 months and 100 percent healing by 8 months (p < 0.015, compared with bone morphogenetic protein 3 alone at both time points). At 8 months, the transplanted muscle was entirely transformed into bone and healed the skull defect with newly generated bone indistinguishable from the surrounding calvarial tissue. These findings suggest a potential clinical utility of bone morphogenetic protein 3-induced bone formation in skeletal reconstructions. Furthermore, they also show that there is a collaborative requirement for both the osteoinductive factor bone morphogenetic protein 3 and the presence of competent responsive cells in the well-perfused muscle.
MESH: Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-pharmacology; Image-Processing,-Computer-Assisted; Insulin-Like-Growth-Factor-I-pharmacology; Kidney-cytology; Liver-cytology; Muscle,-Skeletal-cytology; Organ-Specificity; Platelet-Derived-Growth-Factor-pharmacology; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-Lew; Skull-radiography; Skull-radiation-effects; Spleen-cytology; Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed; Wound-Healing-radiation-effects
MESH: *Growth-Substances-pharmacology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-transplantation; *Osteogenesis-; *Proteins-pharmacology; *Skull-cytology; *Skull-surgery; *Surgical-Flaps
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 67763-96-6
NM: Bone-Morphogenetic-Proteins; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic; Growth-Substances; Platelet-Derived-Growth-Factor; Proteins; Insulin-Like-Growth-Factor-I
AN: 96262086
UD: 9610
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 40 of 55
No. Records Request
#1: 16457 explode MUSCLE-SKELETAL / all subheadings
#2: 13112 explode REGENERATION / all subheadings
#3: 316 #1 and #2
#4: 405997 explode MAMMALS / all subheadings
#5: 214 #3 and #4
#6: 948 MYOTUBE*
#7: 17112 #1 or #6
#8: 249 #7 and #2 and #4
#9: 3215 SATELLITE
#10: 454398 CELL*
#11: 75690 MUSCLE*
#12: 336 SATELLITE near1 (CELL* or MUSCLE*)
#13: 17303 #1 or #6 or #12
#14: 269 #13 and #2 and #4
#15: 285102 PY=1996
#16: 1029 PY=1997
#17: 55 #14 and ((PY=1996) or (PY=1997))
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 1 of 55
TI: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor reverses motor impairment in 16-17 month old rats.
AU: Bowenkamp-KE; Lapchak-PA; Hoffer-BJ; Bickford-PC
AD: Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.
SO: Neurosci-Lett. 1996 Jun 21; 211(2): 81-4
ISSN: 0304-3940
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: Aging is accompanied with declines in motoric function which may be the result of deficits in central nervous system dopaminergic function. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to have neuroprotective and restorative effects on dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway in young rats. In this study, 10, 40, or 60 micrograms GDNF or vehicle was injected intrastriatally in 16-17 month old Fischer 344 rats. Coordination and muscle strength as determined by performance on an inclined balance beam and a wire grip strength test were monitored for up to 5 weeks post-injection. GDNF elicited dose-dependent improvements in motor coordination without concurrent increases in strength. The highest dose tested produced > 79% improvement in motor coordination, resulting in performance scores approaching those achieved by 3 month old rats tested concurrently. These findings indicate GDNF produces profound improvement in the motoric function of mature rats, which may be related to dopaminergic circuits.
MESH: Aging-drug-effects; Dopamine-physiology; Dose-Response-Relationship,-Drug; Gait-drug-effects; Hand-Strength-physiology; Injections-; Motor-Activity-drug-effects; Muscle,-Skeletal-drug-effects; Neostriatum-drug-effects; Neostriatum-physiology; Psychomotor-Performance-drug-effects; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-F344; Up-Regulation-Physiology-drug-effects
MESH: *Aging-physiology; *Nerve-Regeneration-drug-effects; *Nerve-Tissue-Proteins-pharmacology; *Neuroprotective-Agents-pharmacology
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 51-61-6
NM: glial-cell-line-derived-neurotrophic-factor; Nerve-Tissue-Proteins; Neuroprotective-Agents; Dopamine
AN: 96427533
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 2 of 55
TI: Muscle differentiation during repair of myocardial necrosis in rats via gene transfer with MyoD.
AU: Murry-CE; Kay-MA; Bartosek-T; Hauschka-SD; Schwartz-SM
AD: Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA. murry@u.washington.edu
SO: J-Clin-Invest. 1996 Nov 15; 98(10): 2209-17
ISSN: 0021-9738
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Myocardial infarcts heal by scar formation because there are no stem cells in myocardium, and because adult myocytes cannot divide and repopulate the wound. We sought to redirect the heart to form skeletal muscle instead of scar by transferring the myogenic determination gene, MyoD, into cardiac granulation (wound repair) tissue. A replication-defective adenovirus was constructed containing MyoD under transcriptional control of the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat. The virus converted cultured cardiac fibroblasts to skeletal muscle, indicated by expression of myogenin and skeletal myosin heavy chains (MHCs). To determine if MyoD could induce muscle differentiation in vivo, we injected 2 x 10(9) or 10(10) pfu of either the MyoD or a control beta-galactosidase adenovirus into healing rat hearts, injured 1 wk previously by freeze-thaw. After receiving the lower viral dose, cardiac granulation tissue expressed MyoD mRNA and protein, but did not express myogenin or skeletal MHC. When the higher dose of virus was administered, double immunostaining showed that cells in reparative tissue expressed both myogenin and embryonic skeletal MHC. No muscle differentiation occurred after beta-galactosidase transfection. Thus, MyoD gene transfer can induce skeletal muscle differentiation in healing heart lesions. Modifications of this strategy might eventually provide new contractile tissue to repair myocardial infarcts.
MESH: beta-Galactosidase-genetics; Adenoviridae-genetics; Blotting,-Northern; Cells,-Cultured; Fibroblasts-; Gene-Expression; Gene-Transfer; Genetic-Engineering; Genetic-Vectors; Immunohistochemistry-; Muscle,-Skeletal-cytology; Muscle,-Skeletal-metabolism; Muscle,-Smooth-cytology; Myogenin-biosynthesis; Myosin-Heavy-Chains-biosynthesis; Proteins-analysis; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; RNA,-Messenger-analysis; Transfection-
MESH: *Gene-Therapy; *Myocardial-Infarction-genetics; *Myocardial-Infarction-therapy; *MyoD-Protein-genetics; *Wound-Healing-genetics
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: HL03174HLNHLBI; HL26404HLNHLBI; AR18860ARNIAMS
RN: EC 3.2.1.23; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0
NM: beta-Galactosidase; Genetic-Vectors; Myogenin; Myosin-Heavy-Chains; MyoD-Protein; Proteins; RNA,-Messenger
AN: 97096790
UD: 9703
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 3 of 55
TI: Comparison of various interpositional materials in the prevention of transphyseal bone bridge formation.
AU: Martiana-K; Low-CK; Tan-SK; Pang-MW
AD: Department of Orthopaedic O, Singapore General Hospital.
SO: Clin-Orthop. 1996 Apr(325): 218-24
ISSN: 0009-921X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Various interpositional materials, except muscle, have been used to prevent transphyseal bone bridge formation after resection of the damaged physeal plate. In this animal model, muscle was used as an interpositional material, and its effectiveness was compared with that of 3 known materials (fat, physeal allograft, and iliac apophyseal autograft). Five experiments were done on the distal femoral physis of 40 skeletally immature 3-month-old New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were divided into 5 groups, each containing 8 rabbits. A standard defect was created in the lateral distal physis of the left femur in all the rabbits. In Group A, there was no interpositional material. Vastus lateralis muscle, groin fat, physeal allograft, and iliac apophyseal autograft were inserted into the femoral defect in Groups B, C, D, and E, respectively. The right femur served as a sham control for the animals. The animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks after surgery. The results of limb length discrepancy and angular deformity of the groups with interpositional material were compared with those of Group A (experimental control). Muscle, fat, and iliac apophyseal autografts had less severe limb length discrepancy and angular deformity. These differences were statistically significant, whereas the differences between allograft and experimental control were statistically insignificant.
MESH: Disease-Models,-Animal; Femur-; Growth-Plate-injuries; Growth-Plate-radiography; Leg-Length-Inequality-etiology; Rabbits-; Transplantation,-Autologous; Transplantation,-Homologous
MESH: *Adipose-Tissue-transplantation; *Bone-Regeneration-physiology; *Growth-Plate-surgery; *Growth-Plate-transplantation; *Ilium-transplantation; *Muscle,-Skeletal-transplantation
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97104854
UD: 9703
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 4 of 55
TI: Electromyographic evaluation of experimental nerve grafts suggests better recovery with microscope assistance.
AU: Stancic-MF; Micovic-V; Bobinac-D; Starcevic-G; Fuzinac-A; Tomljanovic-Z
AD: Department of Anatomy, Rijeka University Medical School, Croatia.
SO: Pflugers-Arch. 1996; 431(6 Suppl 2): R285-6
ISSN: 0031-6768
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: Controversy surrounds the value of optic magnification for peripheral nerve surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the loupe magnification with microscope-assisted techniques in a rat tibial nerve graft model. The parameters studied included motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), clinical test equivalent (CTE), soleus muscle weight (SMW) and morphometric nerve indices. In the loupe and microscope groups MNCV mean was 26.77 +/- 9.37 m/sec and 44.19 +/- 11.36 m/sec respectively. MNCV results suggest better regeneration in the microscope group, as confirmed by CTE, SMW and myelinated fibre (MF) diameter.
MESH: Action-Potentials-physiology; Microscopy-; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Muscle,-Skeletal-transplantation; Muscle,-Skeletal-ultrastructure; Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; Nerve-Tissue-ultrastructure; Neural-Conduction-physiology; Organ-Weight-physiology; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-F344; Tibial-Nerve-physiology; Tibial-Nerve-transplantation; Tibial-Nerve-ultrastructure
MESH: *Electromyography-methods; *Nerve-Tissue-physiology; *Nerve-Tissue-transplantation
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96364138
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 5 of 55
TI: Successive injections in mdx mice of myoblasts grown with bFGF.
AU: Kinoshita-I; Vilquin-JT; Roy-T; Tremblay-JP
AD: Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada.
SO: Neuromuscul-Disord. 1996 May; 6(3): 187-93
ISSN: 0960-8966
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: We studied the effects of single and repeated sets of injections in the same muscle of mdx mice of myoblasts grown with or without a high concentration 100 ng ml-1 of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The injected myoblasts were obtained from non-dystrophic transgenic mice expressing the beta-galactosidase gene under the control of a muscle-specific promoter. In these experiments, the host muscle was not irradiated to prevent muscle regeneration by host myoblasts. The host muscle was not damaged before myoblast transplantation with notexin, marcaine or cold to trigger a regeneration-degeneration cycle. Without such pretreatments, the first set of injections of myoblasts grown without bFGF produced only 8% beta-galactosidase-positive and dystrophin-positive muscle fibers 1 month after transplantation. The percentage of muscle fibers containing the donor reporter gene increased, however, to 26% following a second set of injections in the same muscle. The percentage of muscle fibers expressing the donor reporter gene was significantly higher when the myoblasts were grown with a high dose of bFGF. Indeed the first set of injections produced 34% beta-gal-positive fibers while a second set of injections raised this percentage to 54%. In all cases, the percentage of dystrophin-positive fibers was similar to that of beta-gal-positive fibers. Therefore a high percentage of muscle fibers of donor origin can be obtained without preliminary damaging treatments of the mdx muscle when myoblasts grown with bFGF are injected several times. The effects of bFGF is not produced by increasing the percentage of myoblasts in a primary muscle culture since improvement of myoblast transplantation was obtained with a pure myoblast clone even with a lower concentration (10 ng ml-1) of bFGF.
MESH: Animals,-Newborn; Antigens,-Viral,-Tumor-biosynthesis; Cells,-Cultured; Crosses,-Genetic; H-2-Antigens-genetics; Interferon-Type-II-pharmacology; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-mdx; Mice,-Transgenic; Muscle,-Skeletal-drug-effects; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Polyomavirus-macacae-genetics; Promoter-Regions-Genetics; Recombination,-Genetic; Regeneration-; Transcription,-Genetic-drug-effects
MESH: *Cell-Transplantation; *Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-pharmacology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-cytology
TG: Animal; Female; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 82115-62-6
NM: Antigens,-Viral,-Tumor; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic; H-2-Antigens; Interferon-Type-II
AN: 96379258
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 6 of 55
TI: Changes in mRNA levels of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic-reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase isoforms in the rat soleus muscle regenerating from notexin-induced necrosis.
AU: Zador-E; Mendler-L; Ver-Heyen-M; Dux-L; Wuytack-F
AD: Institute of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University Szeged, Hungary.
SO: Biochem-J. 1996 Nov 15; 320 ( Pt 1): 107-13
ISSN: 0264-6021
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: The relative mRNA levels corresponding to the different sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic-reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase isoforms (SERCA1a, SERCA1b, SERCA2a, SERCA2b and SERCA3) were measured by reverse transcriptase-PCR in rat soleus muscles regenerating after notexin-induced necrosis. The succession of appearance of the different types of SERCA mRNA species in regenerating muscle largely recapitulates those observed during normal ontogenesis. The mRNA levels of the muscle-specific isoforms SERCA1a and SERCA2a became very low on the first and third days after injection of the snake venom. It was only on the fifth day of regeneration that the mRNA of the neonatal variant of the fast-twitch skeletal SERCA1b isoform began to rise, well before the other SERCA transcripts. At 7 and 10 days, i.e. at a time when the new myofibres normally become reinnervated, the mRNA level of SERCA1a and SERCA2a increased markedly, but the fast-twitch skeletal SERCA1a isoform was still the most prominent. On day 21, in the advanced stage of regeneration, a switch in the relative expression levels of SERCA1a and SERCA2a mRNA was observed and the ratio of both isoforms became similar to that found in the normal soleus muscles. This was followed by a decline in the level of all SERCA mRNA species, so that on day 28 the levels of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmatic-reticulum Ca(2+)-pump RNAs was again lower but their ratio remained similar to that of the untreated control soleus.
MESH: Glyceraldehydephosphate-Dehydrogenase-genetics; Muscle,-Skeletal-drug-effects; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Necrosis-; Neurotoxins-pharmacology; Polymerase-Chain-Reaction; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; RNA,-Messenger-genetics
MESH: *Ca2+-Transporting-ATPase-genetics; *Ca2+-Transporting-ATPase-metabolism; *Elapid-Venoms-pharmacology; *Isoenzymes-genetics; *Muscle,-Skeletal-enzymology; *Regeneration-; *RNA,-Messenger-metabolism
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: EC 1.2.1.9; EC 3.6.1.38; 0; 0; 0; 0; 37223-96-4
NM: Glyceraldehydephosphate-Dehydrogenase; Ca(2+)-Transporting-ATPase; Elapid-Venoms; Isoenzymes; Neurotoxins; RNA,-Messenger; notexin
AN: 97103102
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 7 of 55
TI: Leukaemia inhibitory factor treatment stimulates muscle regeneration in the mdx mouse.
AU: Kurek-J; Bower-J; Romanella-M; Austin-L
AD: Melbourne Neuromuscular Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
SO: Neurosci-Lett. 1996 Jul 19; 212(3): 167-70
ISSN: 0304-3940
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: IRELAND
AB: A number of growth factors are involved in coordinating muscle cell proliferation and differentiation, particularly after injury and in disease. Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) strongly stimulates the proliferation of myoblasts in vitro and in vivo and its expression in muscle after injury suggests that LIF may have a role as a trauma factor. The mdx mouse was used to study the effects of LIF on in vivo muscle regeneration during disease. The rationale for using trophic factors such as LIF to treat neuromuscular disease includes the understanding that these molecules show some degree of selectivity for the population of cells in which they are effective. LIF was administered to muscle of the mdx mouse using osmotic pumps implanted subcutaneously in unrestrained mice. The growth factor was continuously delivered into the vastus lateralis muscle at 7 U/mu 1 for 7 days via a catheter. The results show that LIF increased the rate of muscle regeneration in mdx mice by stimulating the formation of larger myotubes. LIF treatment also increased the number of regenerating myotubes in the perfused area. This myotrophic action indicates that LIF contributes to muscle regeneration. Together with its known neurotrophic action, LIF is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of neuromuscular disease.
MESH: Disease-Models,-Animal; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-mdx; Muscular-Dystrophy,-Animal-drug-therapy
MESH: *Growth-Inhibitors-pharmacology; *Growth-Substances-pharmacology; *Lymphokines-pharmacology; *Muscles-drug-effects; *Regeneration-drug-effects
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0
NM: D-factor; Growth-Inhibitors; Growth-Substances; Lymphokines
AN: 96440788
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 8 of 55
TI: An animal model for maxillary reconstruction using a temporalis muscle flap.
AU: Cheung-LK
AD: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
SO: J-Oral-Maxillofac-Surg. 1996 Dec; 54(12): 1439-45
ISSN: 0278-2391
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: PURPOSE: This article describes the feasibility of using the temporalis muscle flap to cover a defect after maxillectomy in cats and to evaluate the clinical healing process of this flap in the oral environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material consisted of 30 cats of the Felis catus species. A standardized unilateral maxillectomy was performed and the resulting defect immediately closed with a pedicled temporalis flap. The healing of this flap was clinically assessed at determined intervals. RESULTS: Healing of the temporalis flap in the oral environment of cats progressed from an inflammatory to a proliferative phase, with eventual coverage by a smooth oral mucosa 18 to 24 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The cat proved to be a useful model for this type of study.
MESH: Cats-; Surgical-Flaps-physiology; Wound-Healing
MESH: *Disease-Models,-Animal; *Maxilla-surgery; *Surgical-Flaps; *Temporal-Muscle-surgery
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97116031
UD: 9703
SB: AIM; DENTAL
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 9 of 55
TI: [Participation of thymus cells in post-traumatic regeneration of irradiated skeletal muscles after their treatment with pulsed ultrasound]
TO: Uchastie kletok timusa v posttravmaticheskoi regeneratsii obluchennykh skeletnykh myshts pri vozdeistvii na nikh impul'snogo ul'trazvuka.
AU: Zubkova-SM; Mikhailik-LV; Buliakova-NV; Azarova-VS; Popova-MF
SO: Dokl-Akad-Nauk. 1996 Sep; 350(3): 418-20
ISSN: 0869-5652
PY: 1996
LA: RUSSIAN; NON-ENGLISH
CP: RUSSIA
MESH: Muscle,-Skeletal-injuries; Muscle,-Skeletal-radiation-effects; Rats-; Thymus-Gland-cytology
MESH: *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Radiation-Injuries,-Experimental-physiopathology; *Regeneration-; *Thymus-Gland-physiology; *Ultrasonics-
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97117444
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 10 of 55
TI: [The effect of pulsed ultrasound on regeneration of locally irradiated mammalian skeletal muscles]
TO: Vliianie ul'trazvuka v impul'snom rezhime na regeneratsiiu lokal'no obluchennykh skeletnykh myshts mlekopitaiushchikh.
AU: Buliakova-NV; Zubkova-SM; Azarova-VS; Popova-MF; Mikhailik-LV; Varakina-NI
SO: Dokl-Akad-Nauk. 1996 Sep; 350(2): 263-7
ISSN: 0869-5652
PY: 1996
LA: RUSSIAN; NON-ENGLISH
CP: RUSSIA
MESH: Muscle,-Skeletal-injuries; Muscle,-Skeletal-radiation-effects; Organ-Weight; Radiation-Injuries,-Experimental-pathology; Radiation-Injuries,-Experimental-therapy; Rats-
MESH: *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Radiation-Injuries,-Experimental-physiopathology; *Regeneration-; *Ultrasonics-
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97117433
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 11 of 55
TI: Deflazacort but not prednisone improves both muscle repair and fiber growth in diaphragm and limb muscle in vivo in the mdx dystrophic mouse.
AU: Anderson-JE; McIntosh-LM; Poettcker-R
AD: Department of Anatomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
SO: Muscle-Nerve. 1996 Dec; 19(12): 1576-85
ISSN: 0148-639X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The effects of the glucocorticoids deflazacort and prednisone on mdx mouse dystrophy and muscle regeneration were evaluated in a 4.5-week double-blind study to test whether they would decrease dystrophy by anti-inflammatory effects [in intact diaphragm and left tibialis anterior (TA) muscle] and increase new muscle formation (after crush injury). In the left TA, fiber diameter was greater after deflazacort and prednisone compared to placebo. However, only deflazacort increased the centronucleation index of accumulated damage and repair, and myotube growth over the long term. In crush-injured TA, the fusion of proliferative muscle precursors to myotubes (by autoradiography) was increased only after deflazacort. Diaphragm muscle was much less inflamed, and fiber diameter was greater after deflazacort. Results suggest that glucocorticoids decreased the severe phenotype of dystrophy in the mdx diaphragm. Moreover, deflazacort uniquely promoted myogenic repair over short and longer terms, in addition to stimulating fiber growth. These first clues to the targets of deflazacort action on muscle repair have important positive implications for treating Duchenne dystrophy.
MESH: Diaphragm-pathology; Leg-; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-mdx; Muscle-Fibers-physiology; Muscles-injuries; Muscles-physiopathology; Myositis-physiopathology; Wounds,-Nonpenetrating-pathology; Wounds,-Nonpenetrating-physiopathology
MESH: *Diaphragm-physiopathology; *Muscles-drug-effects; *Muscular-Dystrophy,-Animal-physiopathology; *Prednisone-pharmacology; *Pregnenediones-pharmacology; *Regeneration-
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 14484-47-0; 53-03-2
NM: Pregnenediones; deflazacort; Prednisone
AN: 97096248
UD: 9703
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 12 of 55
TI: Regeneration and revascularization of a nerve-intact skeletal muscle graft in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
AU: Carlsen-RC; Kerlin-D; Gray-SD
AD: Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
SO: Am-J-Physiol. 1996 Jan; 270(1 Pt 2): R153-61
ISSN: 0002-9513
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Skeletal muscles in hypertensive subjects develop an increased resistance to insulin that reduces their ability to incorporate glucose and synthesize glycogen. Insulin is an anabolic hormone in muscle, and muscle insulin receptors bind the growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), an important contributor to muscle development and regeneration. An increase in insulin resistance in hypertensive subjects might produce muscle atrophy and weakness or limit regenerative growth after injury. Regenerative muscle growth was assessed in 24-to 26-wk-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats by subjecting extensor digitorum longus (EDL), an ankle flexor, to a nerve-intact graft procedure. The procedure produces extensive muscle fiber and capillary degeneration, but has little effect on the muscle nerve. Muscle morphology and contractile function were examined in intact and regenerating EDL at 21, 42, and 63 days postgraft. Muscle revascularization was assessed histologically at the same time points. Severe established hypertension did not prevent the reestablishment of a structurally normal capillary network in injured muscles. SHR muscle fiber regeneration and maturation, however, were significantly depressed compared with WKY grafts. The reduced regenerative recovery of SHR EDL in adult animals with severe hypertension does not appear to be due to a failure to restore the muscle nerve or capillary network, but may reflect a reduced anabolic response to insulin or IGF-I.
MESH: Muscle-Contraction; Muscle-Fibers,-Fast-Twitch-physiology; Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; Muscles-pathology; Muscles-physiopathology; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-WKY; Toes-
MESH: *Muscle,-Skeletal-blood-supply; *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Muscles-transplantation; *Neovascularization,-Physiologic; *Rats,-Inbred-SHR-physiology; *Regeneration-
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Human; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: HL37080HLNHLBI; HL42463HLNHLBI
AN: 96365620
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 13 of 55
TI: Effects of leflunomide and cyclosporine on myocutaneous allograft survival in the rat.
AU: Yeh-LS; Gregory-CR; Griffey-SM; Lecouteur-RA; Morris-RE
AD: Department of Surgical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
SO: Transplantation. 1996 Sep 27; 62(6): 861-3
ISSN: 0041-1337
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The immunosuppressive effects of leflunomide and cyclosporine were evaluated in a rat neurovascularized myocutaneous allograft model. Inbred Brown-Norway and Lewis rats were served as donors and recipients, respectively. All recipients were observed for 60 days or until allograft rejection occurred. All isograft controls (Lewis to Lewis, n=6) survived uneventfully. All control allografts (n=6) were rejected within 6 days. Allograft recipients (n=6) administered leflunomide (10 mg/kg/24 hr) rejected their allografts in 28.50+/-6.12 days, and allograft recipients (n=6), administered cyclosporine (5 mg/kg/24 hr) rejected their allografts in 24.33+/-10.48 days. When allograft recipients were administered a combination of leflunomide and cyclosporine (10 mg/kg/24 hr and 5 mg/kg/24 hr, respectively), all allografts survived to 60 days with only partial rejection of the skin of one graft. The neuromuscular function of the allografts of the rats receiving combination therapy was comparable to that of the isografts. The combination of leflunomide and cyclosporine controlled myocutaneous allorejection despite a strong immunological challenge.
MESH: Cyclosporine-therapeutic-use; Evoked-Potentials; Hindlimb-; Immunosuppressive-Agents-therapeutic-use; Isoxazoles-therapeutic-use; Nerve-Regeneration-drug-effects; Neural-Conduction-drug-effects; Neuromuscular-Junction-drug-effects; Neuromuscular-Junction-physiology; Peripheral-Nerves-transplantation; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-BN; Rats,-Inbred-Lew
MESH: *Cyclosporine-pharmacology; *Graft-Rejection-prevention-and-control; *Graft-Survival-drug-effects; *Immunosuppressive-Agents-pharmacology; *Isoxazoles-pharmacology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-transplantation; *Skin-Transplantation-immunology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 59865-13-3; 75706-12-6
NM: Immunosuppressive-Agents; Isoxazoles; Cyclosporine; leflunomide
AN: 96421873
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 14 of 55
TI: Evidence for multiple satellite cell populations and a non-myogenic cell type that is regulated differently in regenerating and growing skeletal muscle.
AU: Molnar-G; Ho-ML; Schroedl-NA
AD: Department of Clinical Science, Nemours Research Programs, Alfred I. duPont Institute, Wilmington, DE 19599, USA. Molnar@helios.medsci.udel.edu
SO: Tissue-Cell. 1996 Oct; 28(5): 547-56
ISSN: 0040-8166
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: SCOTLAND
AB: We have performed studies to determine if different populations of satellite cells provide nuclei to growing and regenerating skeletal muscle fibers. Satellite cells were isolated from regenerating or growing anterior tibialis muscles, and their phenotypic properties were compared in vitro. Isolates from regenerating muscle contained 31% satellite cells, and those from control muscle contained 66% satellite cells, as determined by their expression of desmin. Among the desmin-positive satellite cells present from each preparation, two distinct populations of satellite cells were evident. Approximately 28% of satellite cell colonies were composed of only large cells, contained less than 50 cells/colony, and were designated as type 1 colonies. The remainder of satellite cell colonies isolated from either regenerating or control muscles were primarily composed of small cells, contained from 60 to 150 cells/colony, and were designated as type 2 colonies. Despite dramatic differences in the ratio of myogenic to non-myogenic cell types, satellite cells from regenerating and control muscles formed myotubes and expressed myosin heavy chain at similar levels. Treatment of regenerating cultures with dexamethasone resulted in a 16% increase in the number of desmin-positive colonies and dramatically decreased the proliferation of non-myogenic cells. These results suggest that at least two distinct populations of satellite cells can be isolated from regenerating and control skeletal muscles, and that non-myogenic cells are differentially regulated in regenerating versus non-regenerating environments.
MESH: Cell-Differentiation-physiology; Cell-Division-physiology; Cells,-Cultured; Clone-Cells; Desmin-analysis; Muscle-Fibers-ultrastructure; Muscle,-Skeletal-chemistry; Muscle,-Skeletal-cytology; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley
MESH: *Cell-Nucleus-ultrastructure; *Muscle-Fibers-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Regeneration-physiology
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Male; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0
NM: Desmin
AN: 97011892
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 15 of 55
TI: Factors inducing mast cell accumulation in skeletal muscle.
AU: Lefaucheur-JP; Gjata-B; Sebille-A
AD: Laboratoire de Physiologie, Atelier de Regeneration Neuromusculaire, Faculte de Medecine Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
SO: Neuropathol-Appl-Neurobiol. 1996 Jun; 22(3): 248-55
ISSN: 0305-1846
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: It has been suggested that mast cells contribute to the phenotype of dystrophinopathies, but the mechanisms of their recruitment into the skeletal muscle remain hypothetical. The aim of this study is to quantify the presence of mast cells in muscle during the cellular events of myofibre degeneration and regeneration. For this purpose, we compare the mast cell profile in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice in which muscles exhibit spontaneous cycles of degeneration-regeneration from 3 weeks of age, with that in Swiss mice in which muscles were injured either by ischaemia or by notexin injection. Notexin is an A2-type phospholipase that rapidly disrupts myofibre plasma membranes, while ischaemia results in a slower process of degeneration. Both lesions are followed by a successful regeneration. In intact muscles, mast cell counts (mean +/- SEM/mm2) range from 1.8 +/- 1 to 4.3 +/- 1.6. The injection of notexin is far more potent in recruiting mast cells into damaged muscle than is ischaemia (118.5 +/- 13.0 vs 12.3 +/- 1.8/mm2). Thus we conclude that the early disruption of the myofibre membrane could elicit mast cell accumulation in skeletal muscle. This may explain the elevated number of mast cells observed in mdx muscles, as dystrophin deficiency is though to induce myofibre membrane leakage. On the other hand, mast cells are more numerous in muscles of young and adult mdx mice that are allowed to regenerate, than in muscles of older animals in which there is little regeneration and fibrosis develops. In injured muscles, the peak of mast cell number is at the onset of regeneration (by day 3 after notexin injection, and by day 11 after ischaemia), rather than during the phase of myofibre necrosis. Therefore, we suggest that the mast cells, through the effects of released mediators, could contribute to muscle regeneration.
MESH: Cell-Count; Dyes-; Elapid-Venoms-metabolism; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-mdx; Mice,-Inbred-C57BL; Necrosis-; Neurotoxins-metabolism; Regeneration-physiology; Species-Specificity
MESH: *Mast-Cells-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-pathology; *Muscular-Dystrophy,-Animal-pathology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 37223-96-4
NM: Dyes; Elapid-Venoms; Neurotoxins; notexin
AN: 96396924
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 16 of 55
TI: Coculture of rat embryonic proprioceptive sensory neurons and myotubes.
AU: Copray-S; Liem-R; Mantingh-Otter-IJ; Brouwer-N
AD: Department of Medical Physiology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
SO: Muscle-Nerve. 1996 Nov; 19(11): 1401-12
ISSN: 0148-639X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: With the aim to study the cellular mechanism underlying the process of muscle spindle regeneration, dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons derived from 16-day rat embryos were cocultured with developing myotubes in a compartmentalized culture device. To accomplish the selective survival and neurite formation of the proprioceptive subpopulation, the neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, was added to the culture medium. It appeared that the proprioceptive DRG neurons could develop specialized, Ia afferent terminal-like contacts with myotubes. However, these interactions were scarce and did not result in the induction of differentiation of the contacted myotubes into intrafusal fibers as normally occurs during in vivo development. The present coculture setup apparently lacks appropriate regulatory factors essential for the proper matching of sensory axons and intrafusal fiber precursors and the induction of a functional sensory myoneural connection.
MESH: Cell-Survival; Coculture-; Embryo-cytology; Embryo-ultrastructure; Ganglia,-Spinal-cytology; Muscle-Spindles-physiology; Muscles-cytology; Nerve-Growth-Factors-physiology; Neurites-physiology; Neuromuscular-Junction-physiology; Neuromuscular-Junction-ultrastructure; Neuronal-Plasticity; Rats-embryology; Regeneration-
MESH: *Embryo-physiology; *Ganglia,-Spinal-embryology; *Muscle-Fibers-physiology; *Muscles-embryology; *Neurons,-Afferent-physiology; *Proprioception-physiology
TG: Animal; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: N01HD23144HDNICHD
RN: 0; 0
NM: neurotrophin-3; Nerve-Growth-Factors
AN: 97028384
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 17 of 55
TI: Limited fiber type grouping in self-reinnervation cat tibialis anterior muscles.
AU: Unguez-GA; Roy-RR; Bodine-Fowler-S; Edgerton-VR
AD: Department of Physiological Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1761, USA.
SO: Muscle-Nerve. 1996 Oct; 19(10): 1320-7
ISSN: 0148-639X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The percent and distribution patterns of three immunohistochemically identified fiber types within the anterior compartment of the cat tibialis anterior were determined 6 months after denervation and self-reinnervation. After self-reinnervation, mean frequencies of slow (9%) and fast (91%) fibers were similar to those in control (12% and 88%, respectively) muscles. However, a lower proportion of fast-1 (26%) and a higher proportion of fast-2 (65%) fibers were observed in self-reinnervated than control (32% and 56%) muscles. Quantitation of adjacencies between fibers of similar myosin heavy chain (MHC) phenotype, a measure of type grouping, revealed that the frequencies of two slow or two fast-1 fibers being adjacent in self-reinnervated muscles were similar to control. In contrast, the frequency of fast-2/fast-2 fiber adjacencies found in self-reinnervated muscles (45%) was significantly higher than in control muscles (37%). In both groups, the frequency of adjacencies between slow, fast-1, or fast-2 fibers was largely attributable to the number of each fiber type present. These data show that the incidence of grouping within each fiber type present was not altered after 6 months of self-reinnervation. Minimal changes in the spatial distribution of fiber types following self-reinnervation in adults suggests a limited degree of conversion of muscle fibers to a MHC phenotype matching the motoneuron characteristics.
MESH: Cats-; Denervation-; Immunohistochemistry-
MESH: *Foot-; *Muscle-Fibers-classification; *Muscle-Fibers-ultrastructure; *Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; *Muscle,-Skeletal-ultrastructure; *Nerve-Regeneration
TG: Animal; Female; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: NS16333NSNINDS
AN: 96404476
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 18 of 55
TI: Leukemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-6 are produced by diseased and regenerating skeletal muscle.
AU: Kurek-JB; Nouri-S; Kannourakis-G; Murphy-M; Austin-L
AD: Melbourne Neuromuscular Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
SO: Muscle-Nerve. 1996 Oct; 19(10): 1291-301
ISSN: 0148-639X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The process of skeletal muscle regeneration following injury or disease involves locally produced growth factors which control cellular proliferation and differentiation. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have previously been shown to promote the proliferation of myoblasts in vitro, and thus may be involved in muscle regeneration. In the present investigation, the in vivo expression of these two myogenic growth factors was examined in regenerating muscle after a crush injury of wild type mice, and in diseased skeletal muscle and diaphragm of the mdxmouse. Using Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction we have demonstrated that while normal muscle rarely expresses mRNA for these two molecules, there is significant up-regulation following injury, coinciding with the active period of muscle regeneration. This suggests these molecules act as locally produced trauma factors. This observation is reinforced in mdxmouse muscle, which is undergoing a cycle of degeneration and regeneration, and expresses both LIF and IL-6. Using in situ hybridization we have localized mRNA for LIF expression in the mdx diaphragm, suggesting that local production of these molecules by regenerating muscle itself, as well as by other cells in muscle, plays an important role in muscle regeneration.
MESH: Diaphragm-metabolism; Diaphragm-pathology; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-mdx; Mice,-Inbred-C57BL; Muscle,-Skeletal-injuries; Muscle,-Skeletal-pathology; Muscular-Diseases-pathology; Time-Factors
MESH: *Growth-Inhibitors-biosynthesis; *Interleukin-6-biosynthesis; *Lymphokines-biosynthesis; *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiopathology; *Muscular-Diseases-metabolism; *Regeneration-
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0
NM: D-factor; Growth-Inhibitors; Interleukin-6; Lymphokines
AN: 96404473
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 19 of 55
TI: Reinnervation accuracy of the rat femoral nerve by motor and sensory neurons.
AU: Madison-RD; Archibald-SJ; Brushart-TM
AD: Divison of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
SO: J-Neurosci. 1996 Sep 15; 16(18): 5698-703
ISSN: 0270-6474
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Previous studies in the rat femoral nerve have shown that regenerating motor neurons preferentially reinnervate a terminal nerve branch to muscle as opposed to skin, a process that has been called preferential motor reinnervation. However, the ability of sensory afferent neurons to accurately reinnervate terminal nerve pathways has been controversial. Within the dorsal root ganglia, sensory neurons projecting to muscle are interspersed with sensory neurons projecting to skin. Thus, anatomical studies assessing the accuracy of sensory neuron regeneration have been hampered by the inability to reliably determine their original innervation status. A sensory neuron that regenerated an axon into a terminal nerve branch to muscle might represent either an appropriate return of an original sensory afferent to muscle stretch receptors or the inappropriate recruitment of a cutaneous sensory afferent that originally innervated skin. The current experiments used a labeling strategy that effectively labels motor and sensory neurons projecting to a terminal nerve branch before experimental manipulation of the parent mixed nerve. Our results confirm previous observations concerning preferential motor reinnervation for motor neurons, and show for the first time anatomical evidence of specificity during regeneration of sensory afferent projections to muscle. In addition, the accuracy of sensory afferent regeneration was highly correlated with the accuracy of motor regeneration. This suggests that these two distinct neuronal populations that project to muscle respond in parallel to specific guidance factors during the regeneration process.
MESH: Carbocyanines-; Fluorescent-Dyes; Hindlimb-; Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Synaptic-Transmission
MESH: *Femoral-Nerve-physiology; *Motor-Neurons-physiology; *Nerve-Regeneration; *Neurons,-Afferent-physiology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-Non-P.H.S.; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: NS2240411NSNINDS
RN: 0; 0; 40957-95-7; 82785-14-6
NM: Carbocyanines; Fluorescent-Dyes; 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine; fluoro-gold
AN: 96388224
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 20 of 55
TI: Differential expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor in skeletal muscle of chick and rat after nerve injury.
AU: Ip-FC; Fu-AK; Tsim-KW; Ip-NY
AD: Department of Biology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
SO: J-Neurochem. 1996 Oct; 67(4): 1607-12
ISSN: 0022-3042
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The activities of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) were initially thought to be restricted to cells in the nervous system. However, the recent identification of its receptor specificity-conferring alpha component (CNTFR alpha) in skeletal muscle has provided the clue to the unexpected actions of CNTF in the periphery. In the present study, we demonstrated that the mRNA expression of CNTFR alpha in chick skeletal muscle was decreased by approximately 10-fold after nerve transection; this finding is in sharp contrast to the dramatic up-regulation observed in denervated rat muscle. As a first step toward investigating the differential regulation of CNTFR alpha in chick and rat, we examined the mRNA expression of CNTFR alpha in different types of muscle following nerve injury in young and adult animals. Our findings demonstrated that the differential expression of CNTFR alpha observed in denervated skeletal muscle of the chick and rat was not dependent on age or muscle type. The temporal profile of the changes in CNTFR alpha expression was, however, dependent on the age of the chick as well as the types of muscles. Furthermore, the low level of CNTFR alpha expression observed in denervated chick muscle recovered to almost control levels in regenerating skeletal muscle. Taken together, our findings provided the first extensive analysis on the mRNA expression of CNTFR alpha and the alpha subunit of the acetylcholine receptor in various skeletal muscles of the chick following nerve injury and regeneration.
MESH: Blotting,-Northern; Chickens-; Muscle,-Skeletal-growth-and-development; Nerve-Crush; Rats-; Regeneration-; RNA,-Messenger-biosynthesis; RNA,-Messenger-isolation-and-purification; Sciatic-Nerve-growth-and-development; Transcription,-Genetic
MESH: *Aging-physiology; *Down-Regulation-Physiology; *Muscle-Denervation; *Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; *Muscle,-Skeletal-metabolism; *Receptors,-Nerve-Growth-Factor-biosynthesis; *Sciatic-Nerve-physiology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0
NM: ciliary-neurotrophic-factor-receptor; Receptors,-Nerve-Growth-Factor; RNA,-Messenger
AN: 97012129
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 21 of 55
TI: Experimental study on neurorrhaphy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in dogs.
AU: Rubio-A; Fernandez-MR; Figols-J; Rama-J
AD: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.
SO: J-Laryngol-Otol. 1996 Aug; 110(8): 748-53
ISSN: 0022-2151
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: The effectiveness of anastomosis of a divided recurrent laryngeal nerve was evaluated in six adult mongrel dogs. Videolaryngoscopy and evoked compound muscle action potentials in the intrinsic laryngeal muscles were performed at six months and the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles and recurrent laryngeal nerves were processed for histomorphometric studies. Recovery of compound muscle action potentials in all re-innervated muscles and histomorphometric findings confirmed a good grade of axonal regeneration. The most significant histomorphometric changes observed were: a reactive hypertrophy of type I fibres in the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles of the re-innervated side, and a high nerve fibre density in the distal stump to the anastomosis. However, incomplete recovery of motion and fasciculated movements of the re-innervated vocal folds were observed. Reduction of effective motor units in the re-innervated muscles might be a factor that cause incomplete restoration of vocal fold movements.
MESH: Action-Potentials-physiology; Dogs-; Electrophysiology-; Image-Processing,-Computer-Assisted; Laryngeal-Muscles-physiology; Laryngoscopy-; Treatment-Outcome; Video-Recording
MESH: *Anastomosis,-Surgical; *Nerve-Regeneration; *Recurrent-Laryngeal-Nerve-physiology; *Recurrent-Laryngeal-Nerve-surgery
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97023248
UD: 9702
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 22 of 55
TI: Myosin heavy chain of immature soleus muscle grafts adapts to hyperthyroidism more than to physical activity.
AU: Devor-ST; White-TP
AD: Department of Human Biodynamics, University of California, Berkeley 94720-4480, USA.
SO: J-Appl-Physiol. 1996 Mar; 80(3): 789-94
ISSN: 8750-7587
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The interaction of hyperthyroidism and the elements of physical activity on early regeneration of muscle grafts was investigated. Soleus muscle grafts were studied 15 days after graft operations in eu- and hyperthyroid rats. Hypotheses were tested regarding the adaptation of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) profile of grafts and nongrafted control muscles and whether the effect of hyperthyroidism would predominate over the opposing influence of recruitment and mechanical load on MHC of grafts. Denervation and myectomy of synergist muscles were employed to manipulate the elements of physical activity. Denervation decreased the expression of type I MHC, and hyperthyroidism furthered the shift toward a "fast" isoform profile. For example, in denervated grafts, type IIb was undetected in euthyroid rats and accounted for 31% of MHC in hyperthyroid rats. Compared with control muscles, grafts in the denervated and innervated-normal load groups demonstrated greater plasticity because the adaptive response of MHC to thyroid status was more pronounced. Hyperthyroidism predominated over the opposing influence of the elements of physical activity on the regulation of MHC expression in innervated plus overload grafts. For example, type I MHC was 86% of MHC profile of innervated plus overload grafts in euthyroid rats and was only 49% in hyperthyroid rats. In conclusion, a heightened plasticity for grafts was evidenced in denervated and innervated tissues, and the regulation of MHC by thyroid hormone predominated over that due to the elements of physical activity.
MESH: Denervation-; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar
MESH: *Hyperthyroidism-metabolism; *Muscle,-Skeletal-transplantation; *Myosin-Heavy-Chains-physiology; *Regeneration-physiology
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: DE07687DENIDR
RN: 0
NM: Myosin-Heavy-Chains
AN: 96249543
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 23 of 55
TI: [Effect of pulsed infrared laser radiation on post-traumatic regeneration of locally-irradiated skeletal muscles and status of the rat thymus]
TO: Deistvie impul'snogo infrakrasnogo lazernogo izlucheniia na posttravmaticheskuiu regeneratsiiu lokal'no obluchennoi skeletnoi myshtsy i sostoianie timusa krys.
AU: Buliakova-NV; Zubkova-SM; Popova-MF; Azarova-VS; Mikhailik-LV; Varakina-NI
SO: Dokl-Akad-Nauk. 1996 Jul; 349(1): 124-8
ISSN: 0869-5652
PY: 1996
LA: RUSSIAN; NON-ENGLISH
CP: RUSSIA
MESH: Muscle,-Skeletal-injuries; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Rats-
MESH: *Infrared-Rays; *Lasers-; *Muscle,-Skeletal-radiation-effects; *Regeneration-radiation-effects
TG: Animal; Female; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 97019767
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1/97-3/97 24 of 55
TI: The exogenous administration of basic fibroblast growth factor to regenerating skeletal muscle in mice does not enhance the process of regeneration.
AU: Mitchell-CA; McGeachie-JK; Grounds-MD
AD: Department of Pathology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia. CMitchell@alpha.kerckhoff.mpg.de
SO: Growth-Factors. 1996; 13(1-2): 37-55
ISSN: 0897-7194
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: SWITZERLAND
AB: The effects, in vivo, of the exogenous administration of bFGF on myogenesis of regenerating skeletal muscle was assessed either morphometrically or autoradiographically in three separate models of muscle injury in mice: crush-injured, denervated, and dystrophic (mdx) muscles. The bFGF was administered at various doses and different time schedules, sometimes in combination with heparin, into injured tibialis anterior muscles of mice. Delivery of the bFGF was either by direct intramuscular injection or by the sustained release from 888polymers (Hydron or Elvax) implanted into the muscles. The bioactivity of bFGF was confirmed in vitro by measuring its ability to stimulate the proliferation of BALB/c-3T3 fibroblasts and muscle precursor cell lines. The ability of bFGF to stimulate angiogenesis in vivo was confirmed by the implantation of controlled-release polymers containing bFGF into the normally avascular cornea of rats. No measurable effect of bFGF was seen in any of the models of skeletal muscle injury under these experimental conditions, indicating that the availability of biologically active bFGF is not a limiting factor in the regeneration of skeletal muscle following injury.
MESH: Cell-Division-drug-effects; Cell-Nucleus-metabolism; Cells,-Cultured; Cornea-drug-effects; Denervation-; Drug-Carriers-chemistry; Drug-Carriers-metabolism; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-administration-and-dosage; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-analysis; Heparin-metabolism; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-mdx; Mice,-Inbred-BALB-C; Muscle,-Skeletal-cytology; Muscle,-Skeletal-metabolism; Muscular-Dystrophy-genetics; Polyvinyls-metabolism; Rats-; Sucralfate-metabolism
MESH: *Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-pharmacology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-drug-effects; *Muscle,-Skeletal-injuries; *Regeneration-drug-effects
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 24937-78-8; 54182-58-0; 9005-49-6
NM: Drug-Carriers; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic; Polyvinyls; ethylenevinylacetate-copolymer; Sucralfate; Heparin
AN: 96398125
UD: 9702
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 25 of 55
TI: Hepatic regeneration induces changes in lipoprotein lipase activity in several tissues and its re-expression in the liver.
AU: Sabugal-R; Robert-MQ; Julve-J; Auwerx-J; Llobera-M; Peinado-Onsurbe-J
AD: Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
SO: Biochem-J. 1996 Sep 1; 318 ( Pt 2): 597-602
ISSN: 0264-6021
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: We examined the expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene and LPL activity following a two-thirds hepatectomy and during liver regeneration. In most of the tissues studied, LPL activity increased a few hours after partial hepatectomy, but soon returned to normal levels. The greatest increase was found in the adrenal glands, plasma and liver. This increase in LPL activity in the liver could be partially due to an increase in the influx of the enzyme from extrahepatic tissues. There is, however, also a re-expression of LPL mRNA in the liver after partial hepatectomy (during the first hours). It is well known that LPL is expressed in the liver of neonatal animals, but progressively decreases during post-natal development, to reach adult levels around the time of weaning. Our results show by the first time that the remaining liver re-expresses LPL gene during the regeneration process and that the hepatocytes de-differentiate and acquire some of the neonatal characteristics. The increase in LPL mRNA will contribute to the rise in LPL activity after hepatectomy. This presence of LPL could enable the liver to take up fatty acids from the circulating triacylglycerols, which are needed as energetic and plastic substrates during the process of hepatic regeneration.
MESH: Adipose-Tissue-enzymology; Adrenal-Glands-enzymology; Body-Weight; Brown-Fat-enzymology; Enzyme-Induction; Hepatectomy-; Lipoprotein-Lipase-blood; Muscle,-Skeletal-enzymology; Myocardium-enzymology; Organ-Specificity; Organ-Weight; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; RNA,-Messenger-biosynthesis; Time-Factors
MESH: *Lipoprotein-Lipase-biosynthesis; *Liver-enzymology; *Liver-Regeneration; *Transcription,-Genetic
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: EC 3.1.1.34; 0
NM: Lipoprotein-Lipase; RNA,-Messenger
AN: 96404911
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 26 of 55
TI: Aging effects in skeletal muscle recovery after reinnervation.
AU: Choi-SJ; Harii-K; Asato-H; Ueda-K
AD: Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
SO: Scand-J-Plast-Reconstr-Surg-Hand-Surg. 1996 Jun; 30(2): 89-98
ISSN: 0284-4311
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: SWEDEN
AB: To investigate the influence of age on the process of muscle recovery after nerve repair, the nerves of the right extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and the right soleus muscles of 63 2-month-old and 61 15-month-old rats, respectively, were transsected and resutured. At four, eight, 16, and 24 weeks after nerve repair, functional recovery of the muscle was assessed by electromyographic (EMG) recordings and isometric muscle contraction. Muscle weight, morphological, and morphometric studies were also done. At four and eight weeks after nerve repair the younger age groups showed higher rates of recovery compared with the control side (left EDL and soleus) (recovery rate (%) = operated/control x 100) than the older age groups, and the recovery rates of soleus (slow twitch muscle) in both age groups were higher than EDL (fast twitch muscle). However, the differences between the two age groups decreased at 16 and 24 weeks after nerve repair in both muscles. We therefore conclude that earlier differences were the effects of nerve regeneration on the muscle between different ages and the reason for the reduced differences at later stages was that after reinnervation began, not only the nerve but also the muscle recovered successfully in older age groups, and slow motor units reinnervated faster than the fast units in both age groups. Our present study shows that the older age groups also have a good prognosis for recovery of muscle function after nerve repair.
MESH: Electromyography-; Microscopy,-Electron,-Scanning; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Muscle,-Skeletal-ultrastructure; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar
MESH: *Aging-physiology; *Muscle-Contraction-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96412628
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 27 of 55
TI: Effect of postoperative treatment with a combination of chuangxiong and electret on functional recovery of muscle grafts: an experimental study in the dog.
AU: Hua-J; En-tan-G
AD: Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
SO: Plast-Reconstr-Surg. 1996 Oct; 98(5): 851-5
ISSN: 0032-1052
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Clinical experiences have shown that simultaneous use of constitutional and local treatments postoperatively may increase recovery of transplanted muscle function more than any single treatment. In the present experiment, 27 adult dogs had orthotopic replantation of their bilateral rectus femoris muscles by microneurovascular anastomoses with different therapeutic methods postoperatively for 22 weeks grouped as local implantation of an electret substance (n = 14), intramuscular injection of chuangxiong (Ligusticum wallichii franch) (n = 12), combined use of these two treatments (n = 14), or control (n = 14) to evaluate the influence of these different treatments on muscle function and morphology; electromyography, maximal tetanic tension, and histologic and histochemical examinations showed that the results in all the treatment groups were superior to those in the nontreatment group and that simultaneous use of constitutional and local treatments was superior to any single treatment. At week 22, the maximal tetanic tension of the three treatment groups returned to 57.68 +/- 1.67, 53.64 +/- 3.28, and 64.94 +/- 3.28 percent of control values (before transplantation), respectively, versus 47.99 +/- 2.21 percent in the nontreatment group. These results suggest that treatment with local electret and systemic chuangxiong simultaneously has a favorable effect on nerve regeneration and on muscle function after muscle transplantation.
MESH: Dogs-; Electromyography-; Injections,-Intramuscular; Muscle,-Skeletal-drug-effects; Nerve-Regeneration-drug-effects; Postoperative-Period
MESH: *Biocompatible-Materials; *Drugs,-Chinese-Herbal-pharmacology; *Electrochemistry-; *Fluorocarbon-Polymers; *Muscle,-Skeletal-transplantation; *Polyethylenes-; *Polypropylenes-; *Replantation-
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0
NM: chuangxiong; Biocompatible-Materials; Drugs,-Chinese-Herbal; Fluorocarbon-Polymers; Polyethylenes; Polypropylenes
AN: 96420326
UD: 9701
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 28 of 55
TI: Induction of transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction prevents motoneuron death after axotomy in neonatal rats.
AU: Greensmith-L; Dick-J; Emanuel-AO; Vrbova-G
AD: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, U.K.
SO: Neuroscience. 1996 Mar; 71(1): 213-20
ISSN: 0306-4522
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Motoneurons to rat hindleg muscles die after neonatal nerve injury. Here we show that increasing transmitter release of motor nerve terminals by treatment with 4-aminopyridine, prior to nerve injury at three days, reduces the extent of motoneuron death. Retrograde labelling of soleus motoneurons was carried out in 10-week-old animals that had their sciatic nerve crushed on one side when they were three days old. Only 20% (+/- 4.2 S.E.M.) of the motoneurons survived the nerve injury. A group of animals similarly injured at three days had their calf muscles treated with 4-aminopyridine at birth, prior to nerve injury. In these animals a significantly higher percentage (51 +/- 6.6% S.E.M.) of soleus motoneurons survived. In order to assess the proportion of surviving alpha-motoneurons only, the number of motor units in both the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles was established by following the stepwise increments of twitch tension in response to increasing intensity of stimulation of the respective motor nerve. After nerve injury at three days only 18% (+/- 4.1% S.E.M.) of motor units to soleus and 28.5% (+/- 4.9% S.E.M.) to extensor digitorum longus survived and were able to reinnervate their respective muscles. If the nerve injury was preceded by local application of 4-aminopyridine, then the number of motor units present in the reinnervated muscles was significantly greater, so that in soleus 52.7% (+/- 5.4% S.E.M.) and in extensor digitorum longus 52.1% (+/- 2.4% S.E.M.) of motor units were present. This increase of motoneuron survival was reflected in a smaller weight loss and in a better restoration of force production by the pretreated as compared to untreated muscles on reinnervation after nerve injury. It is suggested that enhancing transmitter release from nerve endings in neonatal animals induces the motoneuron to become more resistant to nerve injury.
MESH: Cell-Death-drug-effects; Cell-Death-physiology; Motor-Neurons-drug-effects; Muscle-Contraction-physiology; Muscle-Denervation; Muscle,-Skeletal-drug-effects; Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Nerve-Crush; Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; Neuromuscular-Junction-drug-effects; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Sciatic-Nerve-drug-effects; Sciatic-Nerve-metabolism; Sciatic-Nerve-physiology; 4-Aminopyridine-pharmacology
MESH: *Animals,-Newborn-physiology; *Axons-physiology; *Motor-Neurons-physiology; *Neuromuscular-Junction-metabolism; *Neurotransmitters-metabolism
TG: Animal; Female; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 504-24-5
NM: Neurotransmitters; 4-Aminopyridine
AN: 96431321
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 29 of 55
TI: The use of cultured Schwann cells in nerve repair in a rabbit hind-limb model.
AU: Brown-RE; Erdmann-D; Lyons-SF; Suchy-H
AD: Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield 62702-9230, USA.
SO: J-Reconstr-Microsurg. 1996 Apr; 12(3): 149-52
ISSN: 0743-684X
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: A 3-cm peripheral nerve gap in a rabbit hind-limb model was repaired by using a polyglycolic acid (PGA) conduit filled with a gelatin/Schwann-cell suspension. Postoperative nerve function after 16 weeks, as measured by isometric twitch and tetanic muscle strengths, and nerve conduction velocities, failed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference, compared to a control group in which the nerve gap was reconstructed by using a PGA conduit filled with gelatin only. The 3-cm gap in the described model may not have been long enough to show a significant difference between the two groups. Alternatively, the transferred cultured Schwann cells may have been functionally inactive.
MESH: Cells,-Cultured; Hindlimb-; Isometric-Contraction-physiology; Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Neural-Conduction-physiology; Peroneal-Nerve-physiology; Polyglycolic-Acid; Rabbits-
MESH: *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; *Peroneal-Nerve-surgery; *Schwann-Cells-transplantation
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 26009-03-0
NM: Polyglycolic-Acid
AN: 96294974
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 30 of 55
TI: Self-reinnervated cat medial gastrocnemius muscles. II. analysis of the mechanisms and significance of fiber type grouping in reinnervated muscles.
AU: Rafuse-VF; Gordon-T
AD: Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
SO: J-Neurophysiol. 1996 Jan; 75(1): 282-97
ISSN: 0022-3077
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: 1. The technique of glycogen depletion was used to determine whether regenerating motor axons reestablish the normal regionalization of motor units (MUs) in the cat medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle, 2) whether the extent of clumping between MU fibers and/or type grouping of muscle fibers progressively increases with a decrease in reinnervated MU numbers, and 3) whether the pattern of innervation can explain why MUs fail to increase significantly in size when the cut nerve is sutured directly to the muscle, even when few axons make functional connections. 2. Distributions of MU fibers were analyzed in 5 normal and 14 reinnervated cat MG muscles 4.5-16 mo after sectioning of its nerve and suturing of the proximal end to the distal nerve sheaths (N-N suture) or directly to the muscle fascia (N-M suture). Muscle unit distributions were quantified according to location, territory size, density, and extent of clumping between fibers from the same MU. 3. Normal MU fibers were regionalized within five regions along the muscle's longitudinal and transverse axes. Reinnervated MUs were located within similar regions, indicating that regenerating axons follow the major proximal nerve branches to restore normal compartmentalization. 4. Muscle unit fibers were diffusely scattered within discrete MU territories in normal muscles. Territory size tended to increase with MU size, whereas density of muscle unit fibers within the territory decreased. 5. Territories increased with MU size after N-N suture but were smaller and showed little size variation after N-M suture. The extent of muscle unit fiber clumping was inversely related to the number of reinnervated MUs. On average, the extent of clumping was substantially higher in muscles reinnervated after N-M suture. These results indicate that distal nerve sheaths facilitate proximal axon branching, which establishes MU territory size. Once the territory is established, motor axons branch distally to increase MU size, which in turn compensates for reduced MU numbers. 6. Muscles reinnervated by < 80% of the MUs exhibited fiber type grouping of type I fibers, and on average the extent of clumping was substantially higher in muscles reinnervated after N-M suture. With less innervation, type grouping increased inversely with the number of reinnervated MUs. However, for a similar number of MUs, type I fiber type grouping was substantially higher in muscle reinnervated after N-M suture. Type grouping therefore reflects muscle unit fiber clumping under conditions where MU size increased (N-N suture) or MU territory size decreased (N-M suture).
MESH: Cats-; Microsurgery-; Motor-Neurons-physiology; Muscle-Contraction-physiology; Nerve-Fibers-physiology; Peripheral-Nerves-surgery
MESH: *Glycogen-metabolism; *Muscle-Fibers-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; *Peripheral-Nerves-injuries
TG: Animal; Female; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 9005-79-2
NM: Glycogen
AN: 96419799
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 31 of 55
TI: Self-reinnervated cat medial gastrocnemius muscles. I. comparisons of the capacity for regenerating nerves to form enlarged motor units after extensive peripheral nerve injuries.
AU: Rafuse-VF; Gordon-T
AD: Department of Pharmacolog, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
SO: J-Neurophysiol. 1996 Jan; 75(1): 268-81
ISSN: 0022-3077
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: 1. The aims of this study are to determine 1) whether regenerating motor axons have the capacity to form enlarged motor units (MUs) in muscles reinnervated by few motoneurons and 2) whether the type of nerve injury, repair, and/or growth environment affects this capacity. 2. MU innervation ratio (IR) was estimated by measuring isometric unit tetanic force in reinnervated cat medial gastrocnemius muscles 3-16 mo after denervation by either 1) crushing its nerve, 2) transecting the nerve and suturing the proximal end to the distal stump (N-N suture), or 3) transecting the nerve and suturing the proximal end directly to the muscle fascia (N-M suture). In addition, the number of regenerating axons was experimentally reduced by cutting one of two contributing ventral roots. 3. Muscles were reinnervated by 2-88% of their normal complement of MUs. Mean unit tetanic force increased as the number of reinnervated MUs decreased in reinnervated muscles after nerve crush or N-N suture, but not after N-M suture, even when few axons made functional connections. When the number of MUs was < 20% of normal, mean unit force was significantly higher in reinnervated muscles after nerve crush compared with muscle reinnervated after N-N suture. 4. The cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of all muscle fiber types were similar to normal in reinnervated muscles after nerve crush, but the CSAs of type IIa and IIb fibers were significantly smaller in muscles reinnervated after complete nerve transections (i.e., N-N or N-M sutures). 5. When MU force was normalized to mean muscle fiber CSA, cut motor axons displayed the same capacity to form enlarged MUs as crushed motor axons. The force of the MUs increased by as much as 5-8 times that of normal, provided the axons grew along the distal nerve stump (N-N suture). 6. Tetanic force increased in the normal order slow < fast-fatigue resistant < fast-fatigue intermediate = fast-fatigable. However, the increase in tetanic force of the slow (S) units was significantly larger than the corresponding increase of the more forceful fast (F) units. The disproportional increase in S and not F unit force, was primarily due to a significant decline in CSA of the type IIa and IIb muscle fibers. 7. The technique of glycogen depletion was used to count MU fibers to estimate the IR of MUs in 5 normal and 11 reinnervated muscles (7 N-N sutures, 4 N-M sutures). Unit tetanic force covaried with IR in both normal and reinnervated muscles. 8. These results show that regenerating axons have the same capacity as intact axons in partially denervated muscles to form enlarged MUs to compensate for a reduced number of functioning MUs. Only when axons regenerate in the absence of the distal nerve sheath is this capacity compromised.
MESH: Axons-physiology; Cats-; Glycogen-metabolism; Microsurgery-; Muscle-Contraction-physiology; Muscle-Denervation; Peripheral-Nerves-surgery
MESH: *Motor-Neurons-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; *Nerve-Net-physiology; *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; *Peripheral-Nerves-injuries
TG: Animal; Female; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 9005-79-2
NM: Glycogen
AN: 96419798
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 32 of 55
TI: Angiogenic and inflammatory responses following skeletal muscle injury are altered by immune neutralization of endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 and transforming growth factor-beta 1.
AU: Lefaucheur-JP; Gjata-B; Lafont-H; Sebille-A
AD: Laboratoire de Physiologie, Atelier de Regeneration Neuro-musculaire, Faculte de Medecine Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
SO: J-Neuroimmunol. 1996 Oct; 70(1): 37-44
ISSN: 0165-5728
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: NETHERLANDS
AB: Injured skeletal muscle degeneration comprises early microvascular changes and inflammatory cell infiltration, possibly under the control of several growth factors. We have studied the role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF beta 1), by injecting specific anti-growth factor neutralizing antibodies into mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle at the time of injury (denervation and devascularization). Four days later, at the height of damaged myofiber phagocytosis, we assessed quantitatively revascularization, phagocytic activity, and inflammation. The immune neutralization of bFGF reduced the number of capillaries, macrophages and mast cells, and delayed necrotic myofiber phagocytosis. The immune neutralization of IGF1 or TFG beta 1 promoted muscle revascularization, macrophage infiltration and necrotic myofiber phagocytosis. While IGF1 neutralization reduced the number of mast cells and did not modify that of T-cells or neutrophils, TGF beta 1 neutralization increased the number of all of these cells. This study strongly suggests differing roles for bFGF, IGF1 and TFG beta 1 in angiogenic and inflammatory responses during muscle degeneration, apart from their known effects on the behaviour of myogenic cells.
MESH: Antibodies-immunology; Antibody-Specificity; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-antagonists-and-inhibitors; Insulin-Like-Growth-Factor-I-antagonists-and-inhibitors; Macrophages-pathology; Mast-Cells-pathology; Mice-; Muscle-Denervation; Muscle,-Skeletal-blood-supply; Muscle,-Skeletal-pathology; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Myositis-etiology; Necrosis-; Neutrophils-pathology; Phagocytosis-drug-effects; T-Lymphocytes-pathology; Transforming-Growth-Factor-beta-antagonists-and-inhibitors
MESH: *Antibodies-pharmacology; *Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-physiology; *Insulin-Like-Growth-Factor-I-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-injuries; *Myositis-physiopathology; *Neovascularization,-Physiologic-drug-effects; *Regeneration-; *Transforming-Growth-Factor-beta-physiology; *Wound-Healing-drug-effects
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 67763-96-6
NM: Antibodies; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic; Transforming-Growth-Factor-beta; Insulin-Like-Growth-Factor-I
AN: 97015452
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 33 of 55
TI: A morphometric technique for the histological quantification of skeletal muscle regeneration.
AU: Marlow-SA; McGeachie-JK; Tennant-M; Papadimitriou-JM
AD: Department of Pathology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands.
SO: J-Anat. 1996 Aug; 189 ( Pt 1): 151-8
ISSN: 0021-8782
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Variation in the regenerative capacity of damaged skeletal muscle between different strains of mice has been well documented but no precise quantitative method has been established to measure directly the phenotypic influences on muscle regeneration. We have developed such a method which allows clear distinction between the regenerative responses in Quackenbush and BALB/c mice. To quantitate regeneration, crushed tibialis anterior muscles taken from Quackenbush, BALB/c and F2 offspring 10 d postinjury were analysed morphometrically by light microscopy. Myotubes in the intermediate crush zone of transverse muscle sections were abundant in Quackenbush but sparse in BALB/c mice. In F2 offspring, regeneration responses reflected those of the parental strains, with no intermediate phenotypes. Statistical analyses indicated a high level of precision and accuracy in the determination of significant differences between regeneration in the different strains and in the F2 offspring. The data presented indicate that this method of quantification of skeletal muscle regeneration may be used for studies on the assessment of the genetic basis for phenotypic variation.
MESH: Genotype-; Methods-; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-BALB-C; Mice,-Inbred-Strains; Muscle,-Skeletal-pathology; Phenotype-; Species-Specificity
MESH: *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Regeneration-physiology
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96367292
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 34 of 55
TI: Long-term isoprenaline administration and its effect on the revascularisation and regeneration of skeletal muscle transplants in mice.
AU: Roberts-P; McGeachie-JK
AD: Department of Human Biology, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
SO: J-Anat. 1996 Jun; 188 ( Pt 3): 705-12
ISSN: 0021-8782
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: The long-term administration of the beta 2-agonist isoprenaline (at 2 dosages: 100 micrograms/kg or 300 micrograms/kg) was investigated for its effect on the revascularisation and regeneration of skeletal muscle transplants in mice, and also to determine if there was a dose dependent effect. Morphometric, histological and autoradiographic techniques were employed for the investigation. It was found that the accelerated revascularisation observed in a previous short-term study on the effects of isoprenaline did not occur in longer-term usage (as evidenced by autoradiographic and histological results). However, in the present study, the numbers of presumptive satellite cells (identified by autoradiographic examination) were increased at both dosages in the isoprenaline-treated mice. Significant differences were seen in a number of the parameters examined morphometrically, both between the 2 groups which received isoprenaline, and between these groups and the controls (particularly in the volume of regenerated muscle). Dose dependency was therefore evident between the 2 isoprenaline doses and it was concluded that the increased volume of regenerated muscle seen in these transplants was due to the hypertrophic effect of isoprenaline.
MESH: Autoradiography-; Dose-Response-Relationship,-Drug; Infant-; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-BALB-C; Muscle,-Skeletal-blood-supply; Time-Factors
MESH: *Adrenergic-beta-Agonists-administration-and-dosage; *Isoproterenol-administration-and-dosage; *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-transplantation; *Regeneration-
TG: Animal; Human; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 7683-59-2
NM: Adrenergic-beta-Agonists; Isoproterenol
AN: 96284224
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 35 of 55
TI: Creatine kinase release from regenerated muscles after eccentric contractions in rats.
AU: Sakamoto-K; Nosaka-K; Shimegi-S; Ohmori-H; Katsuta-S
AD: Department of Environmental Science, Yokohama City University, Japan.
SO: Eur-J-Appl-Physiol. 1996; 73(6): 516-20
ISSN: 0301-5548
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that an increase in plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity after eccentric contractions (ECC) would be attenuated in regenerated muscle fibres. Adult male Wistar rats (aged 12-14 weeks) were randomly assigned to a treatment group (n = 14) or a control group (n = 10). In the treatment group, 1.2% barium chloride solution (BaCl2) was injected into the tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles to induce degeneration and subsequent regeneration. The same amount of isotonic saline solution was injected into TA and EDL for the control group. Histological observation showed that approximately 50% of the fibres in the transverse sections of both muscles underwent necrosis 2 days after BaCl2 injection. The CK activity increased about tenfold at 2-4 h after BaCl2 injection. At 4 weeks after BaCl2 injection, when the regeneration process was almost complete, the TA and EDL of anaesthetized rats from both groups were subjected to ECC in which maximal dorsiflexion was caused by nerve electrical stimulation and the flexed foot was forcibly extended by a lever arm connected to a motor. This action was performed in 2 sets of 30 repetitions. Maximal isometric torque of the dorsiflexors decreased to about 15% (P < 0.01) of the pre-ECC value immediately after the exercise. Blood samples were collected before and 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 h after ECC. The CK activity increased significantly (P < 0.01) and peaked at 2-4 h after ECC, and there was no significant difference in the amount of CK increase between the treatment [1007 (SEM 120) IU.l-1] and the control [1064 (SEM 120) IU.l-1] group. Contrary to the hypothesis, CK release after ECC was not attenuated in muscle regenerated from BaCl2-induced myonecrosis.
MESH: Barium-Compounds-pharmacology; Chlorides-pharmacology; Creatine-Kinase-blood; Isometric-Contraction; Muscle,-Skeletal-drug-effects; Necrosis-; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; Torque-
MESH: *Muscle-Contraction; *Muscle,-Skeletal-enzymology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Regeneration-
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: EC 2.7.3.2; 0; 0; 10361-37-2
NM: Creatine-Kinase; Barium-Compounds; Chlorides; barium-chloride
AN: 96414061
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 36 of 55
TI: Changes in satellite cell population associated with regenerating muscle fibers in rats.
AU: Luque-E; Pena-J; Salas-P; Jimena-I; Martin-JD
AD: Department of Morphological Sciences (Section of Histology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cordoba, Spain.
SO: J-Submicrosc-Cytol-Pathol. 1996 Jul; 28(3): 305-11
ISSN: 0022-4782
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ITALY
AB: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of satellite cells in regenerating muscles was performed at 4, 7 and 30 days after necrosis induced by mepivacaine injection. At 4 days, the small regenerating fibers were accompanied by a high number of satellite cells showing signs of activation; at 7 days, the number of satellite cells decreased and two morphological types of these cells were observed; at 30 days, satellite cells were similar in both number and characteristics to those of the control group. These results would indicate that satellite cells may vary both in number and morphological and morphometric features, according to the degree of maturity of the regenerating muscle fiber.
MESH: Cell-Count; Cell-Size; Mepivacaine-toxicity; Microscopy,-Electron; Necrosis-; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar
MESH: *Muscle-Fibers-pathology; *Muscles-physiology; *Regeneration-
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 96-88-8
NM: Mepivacaine
AN: 96324120
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 37 of 55
TI: Is increased voluntary motor activity beneficial or detrimental during the period of motor nerve regeneration/reinnervation?
AU: Soucy-M; Seburn-K; Gardiner-P
AD: Departement d'Education Physique, Universite de Montreal, Succ. Centre-ville.
SO: Can-J-Appl-Physiol. 1996 Jun; 21(3): 218-24
ISSN: 1066-7814
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: A model of partial denervation of the rat lateral gastrocnemius was used to investigate the effects of daily activity (treadmill plus voluntary wheel exercise) on the regeneration/reinnervation of motoneurons recovering from nerve crush. It appears that increased activity has no effect on axon regeneration rate, but may be detrimental to the reinnervation process.
MESH: Axons-physiology; Muscle-Contraction; Neural-Pathways-physiopathology; Neuromuscular-Junction-physiology; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Spinal-Nerve-Roots-injuries; Spinal-Nerve-Roots-physiopathology; Wound-Healing
MESH: *Motor-Activity-physiology; *Motor-Neurons-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology
TG: Animal; Female; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96384129
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 38 of 55
TI: Non-quantal acetylcholine release in the mouse diaphragm after phrenic nerve crush and during recovery.
AU: Nikolsky-EE; Oranska-TI; Vyskocil-F
AD: Kazan Medical University, Tatarstan, Russia.
SO: Exp-Physiol. 1996 May; 81(3): 341-8
ISSN: 0958-0670
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: The progressive decline and recovery of spontaneous quantal acetylcholine (ACh) release (miniature endplate potentials, MEPPs) and the H-effect were measured in the mouse diaphragm after nerve crush and during regeneration. The H-effect is the hyperpolarization of the muscle fibre membrane produced by the addition of (+)tubocurarine, which indicates non-quantal ACh release. One hour after nerve crush the H-effect had declined to 50% of control values and 4 h later the H-effect disappeared completely. There were no substantial changes in the MEPP frequency and amplitude during the first 4 h after denervation. MEPP frequency then increased, but after 6 h of denervation it decreased and after 16 h no MEPPs were found in any of the muscle fibres. The times of onset of these denervation changes in the proximal, central and distal parts of diaphragm were similar. During reinnervation, the H-effect was detectable in all muscle parts 3 days before the reappearance of MEPPs. The H-effect developed first on day 8 in the proximal endplates and then, with a delay of 3 and 6 days, in the central and distal areas, respectively. During axonal regrowth the non-quantal release was restored before detectable quantal release. Non-quantal release is the first indication of the ability of the nerve terminal to release ACh in the process of reinnervation.
MESH: Mice-; Motor-Endplate-physiology; Nerve-Crush; Neuromuscular-Junction-physiology; Neurons-physiology; Time-Factors
MESH: *Acetylcholine-secretion; *Diaphragm-innervation; *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; *Phrenic-Nerve-injuries; *Phrenic-Nerve-physiology
TG: Animal; Female; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 51-84-3
NM: Acetylcholine
AN: 96346819
UD: 9701
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 39 of 55
TI: Repair of calvarial defects with flap tissue: role of bone morphogenetic proteins and competent responding tissues.
AU: Khouri-RK; Brown-DM; Koudsi-B; Deune-EG; Gilula-LA; Cooley-BC; Reddi-AH
AD: Division of Plastic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo., USA.
SO: Plast-Reconstr-Surg. 1996 Jul; 98(1): 103-9
ISSN: 0032-1052
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Bone morphogenetic proteins 2 through 8 have the ability to induce the in vivo transformation of extraskeletal mesenchymal tissue into bone. The aims of this investigation were to determine the optimal responding tissue and the specificity of the inductive effect of bone morphogenetic protein 3. The optimal responding tissue was found to be skeletal muscle. The specificity of this response to bone morphogenetic protein 3 was compared with that of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor, recombinant platelet-derived growth factor, and recombinant insulin-like growth factor. Bone morphogenetic protein 3 was the only factor that induced de novo bone formation. This ability to transform muscle into bone was tested in 7 x 7 mm irradiated skull defects in the rat. After 1500 rads of exposure, these defects showed no significant signs of healing by 8 months. When these defects were treated with the microvascular transfer of a nonirradiated muscle flap, they had 8 percent healing at 4 months and 37 percent healing by 8 months. Defects treated with 30 micrograms bone morphogenetic protein 3 (without the muscle flap) achieved 50 percent healing by 4 months and 64 percent healing by 8 months. When the defects were treated with both the muscle flap and bone morphogenetic protein 3, there was 96 percent healing by 4 months and 100 percent healing by 8 months (p < 0.015, compared with bone morphogenetic protein 3 alone at both time points). At 8 months, the transplanted muscle was entirely transformed into bone and healed the skull defect with newly generated bone indistinguishable from the surrounding calvarial tissue. These findings suggest a potential clinical utility of bone morphogenetic protein 3-induced bone formation in skeletal reconstructions. Furthermore, they also show that there is a collaborative requirement for both the osteoinductive factor bone morphogenetic protein 3 and the presence of competent responsive cells in the well-perfused muscle.
MESH: Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic-pharmacology; Image-Processing,-Computer-Assisted; Insulin-Like-Growth-Factor-I-pharmacology; Kidney-cytology; Liver-cytology; Muscle,-Skeletal-cytology; Organ-Specificity; Platelet-Derived-Growth-Factor-pharmacology; Rats-; Rats,-Inbred-Lew; Skull-radiography; Skull-radiation-effects; Spleen-cytology; Tomography,-X-Ray-Computed; Wound-Healing-radiation-effects
MESH: *Growth-Substances-pharmacology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-transplantation; *Osteogenesis-; *Proteins-pharmacology; *Skull-cytology; *Skull-surgery; *Surgical-Flaps
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 67763-96-6
NM: Bone-Morphogenetic-Proteins; Fibroblast-Growth-Factor,-Basic; Growth-Substances; Platelet-Derived-Growth-Factor; Proteins; Insulin-Like-Growth-Factor-I
AN: 96262086
UD: 9610
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 40 of 55
TI: An immuno-electronmicroscopical study of the distribution of laminin within autografts of denatured muscle.
AU: Hall-SM; Kent-AP
AD: Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, UMDS, London, UK.
SO: J-Neurocytol. 1996 Mar; 25(3): 209-17
ISSN: 0300-4864
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: We have used an immunogold post-embedding technique to examine, qualitatively and quantitatively, the distribution of laminin along sarcolemmal basal laminae of variously treated muscle autografts placed in transected rat sciatic nerves. We found that freeze-thawing or heating to 60 degrees C prior to grafting did not affect laminin labelling density along the sarcolemmal basal laminae, either at the time of preparation or 7 days after grafting. In sharp contrast, heating to 80 degrees C significantly reduced laminin labelling density. These findings are consistent with our earlier work showing that frozen-thawed or 60 degrees C muscle autografts both support axonal regeneration, whereas 80 degrees C grafts do not, and add further support to the view that laminin is a functionally important molecule in nerve regeneration. We have compared immunostaining using 10 nm gold particles with silver enhancement of 5 nm gold particles: although labelling density was higher in the silver-enhanced preparations, there was no increase in background labelling. Although empty sarcolemmal basal lamina tubes were frequently highly infolded, there was no evidence of preferential labelling of either 'peaks' or 'troughs' of the infolded basal laminae.
MESH: Freezing-; Immunohistochemistry-; Microscopy,-Immunoelectron; Muscle,-Skeletal-ultrastructure; Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; Sarcolemma-chemistry; Sarcolemma-ultrastructure; Temperature-; Transplantation,-Autologous
MESH: *Laminin-analysis; *Muscle,-Skeletal-chemistry; *Muscle,-Skeletal-transplantation
TG: Animal; Female; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0
NM: Laminin
AN: 96301838
UD: 9612
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 41 of 55
TI: Calpain translocation during muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration in dystrophin-deficient mice.
AU: Spencer-MJ; Tidball-JG
AD: Department of Physiological Science, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1527, USA.
SO: Exp-Cell-Res. 1996 Aug 1; 226(2): 264-72
ISSN: 0014-4827
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Previous studies have shown that calpains are autolytically cleaved during the disease process of mdx dystrophy, a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, indicating that calpains may be activated and play a role in proteolysis that occurs in muscular dystrophy (J. Biol. Chem. 270(18), 10909-10914, 1995). In the present study, we investigated the location of calpain in dystrophic muscle fibers over the course of mdx dystrophy, to relate the protease distribution to its state of activation, and to determine whether calpain translocation was an early event in mdx dystrophy. Immunolabeling of health, fully differentiated muscle fibers showed calpain present throughout the cytosol, but more concentrated near the plasma membrane. However, degenerating mdx fibers did not contain higher concentrations of calpain at the plasma membrane and showed only a homogeneous, cytosolic distribution. Calpain distribution was similarly diffuse in young myotubes and regenerating fibers with increased cytosolic concentration in early myotubes. Calpain distribution in adult mdx tissue was similar to that occurring in healthy, fully differentiated fibers, although adult mdx fibers displayed higher concentrations of membrane-associated calpain than those observed in C57 controls. The association of calpain with the plasma membrane was verified by immunoblots of isolated sarcolemmal membrane from adult mdx and control muscle which showed calpain present predominantly in the cytosol along with some membrane association. Thus, changes in calpain distribution coincide with changes in enzymatic cleavage over the course of mdx dystrophy shown previously. Furthermore, the stages of pathology at which calpain cleavage is least coincides with those stages when calpain is most concentrated at the cell membrane, suggesting that calpain is retained in an inactive form at the plasma membrane.
MESH: Antibody-Specificity; Calpain-metabolism; Cell-Membrane-enzymology; Cytosol-enzymology; Enzyme-Activation; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-mdx; Muscle-Fibers-enzymology; Muscle-Fibers-physiology; Muscle,-Skeletal; Necrosis-; Sarcolemma-
MESH: *Calpain-analysis; *Muscle-Fibers-pathology; *Muscular-Dystrophy,-Animal-enzymology; *Muscular-Dystrophy,-Animal-pathology; *Regeneration-physiology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: EC 3.4.22.17
NM: Calpain
AN: 96400054
UD: 9612
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 42 of 55
TI: Healing of muscle trauma after intramuscular injection of antibiotics in sheep: correlations between clinical, macroscopic and microscopic scores.
AU: Mikaelian-I; Poul-JM; Cabanie-P
AD: Unite de toxicologie, Centre national d'etudes veterinaires et alimentaires, Fougeres, France.
SO: Vet-Res. 1996; 27(2): 97-106
ISSN: 0928-4249
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: FRANCE
AB: The present study aimed to predict the resultant healing from early lesions (found days 3 and 10 post injection) caused by the intramuscular injection of veterinary antibiotic formulations. Nineteen marketed drugs were selected in order to screen a wide range of irritation conditions at the injection site. Nineteen ewes were each injected intramuscularly with one of the formulations. Each injection was at a different site, 3 and 10 days prior to slaughter. Fourteen of these ewes also received intramuscular injections at two other sites 21 and 32 days prior to slaughter. The tolerance was monitored by clinical examination of the injection site and by gross and microscopic pathology. Myodegeneration and fibre necrosis were determined histologically. The clinical scores did not correlate with the other findings. Myodegeneration correlated with the size of the lesion on day 3 post-injection and was not found thereafter. Although occasionally found alone, it was generally associated with and surrounded by fibre necrosis. When myodegeneration was the only lesion, regeneration was complete by day 21 and the fibrosis was minimal or absent. Necrosis at day 10 post-injection correlated with necrosis at days 3, 21 and 32 post-injection. Fibrosis became prominent around the necrotic muscles from day 10 post-injection. Healing from necrosis was slow with, in some instances, encapsulated debris still persisting at day 32 post-injection. The tissue irritation index correlated well with myodegeneration and necrose (acute lesions) and fibrose and necrose (older lesions). Thus, after considering a large sample of antibiotic formulations, this study indicated that healing could be predicted from the muscle fibre histopathology at days 3 and 10 post-injection. If myodegeneration was found alone, full recovery within 21 days could be predicted. If fibre necrosis was extensive, the healing involved encapsulating the necrotic tissues and thus resulted in extensive scar formation. The tissue changes explained why the irritation index of the lesions at days 21 and 32 post-injection could be predicted from their irritation index at days 3 and 10 post-injection. Likewise, the size of the lesion at days 21 and 32 post-injection could not be predicted from its size at day 3 post injection.
MESH: Fibrosis-; Injections,-Intramuscular-adverse-effects; Necrosis-; Sheep-
MESH: *Antibiotics-administration-and-dosage; *Injections,-Intramuscular-veterinary; *Muscle-Fibers-pathology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-pathology; *Wound-Healing
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Female; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0
NM: Antibiotics
AN: 96351079
UD: 9612
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 43 of 55
TI: The effects of an RNA synthesis inhibitor on the survival and regeneration of rat motoneurones injured at birth.
AU: Clowry-GJ; Sen-P; Vrbova-G
AD: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London.
SO: Neurodegeneration. 1996 Mar; 5(1): 65-71
ISSN: 1055-8330
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: This preliminary study aimed to test the proposal that neuronal death is triggered by expression of specific genes. In rat pups, the sciatic nerve was injured unilaterally on the first day after birth and actinomycin D, an RNA synthesis inhibitor, was administered 3 days later in a lower and higher dose to rat pups just prior to onset of motoneurone death induced by the lesion. Four weeks later, sciatic motoneurones from operated and contralateral pools were counted and their size measured. Significantly fewer motoneurones (16.7% +/- 2.9 SD) survived when the animals were treated with a lower dose of the inhibitor compared to saline treated controls (36.6% +/- 12.7 SD). Experiments recording tension generated in soleus muscle in response to sciatic nerve stimulation, at different ages following nerve crush, suggested that the treatment with the RNA synthesis inhibitor may have delayed regeneration of motor axons back to the muscle. However, survival of motoneurones after treatment with the higher dose did not differ significantly from controls (27.5% +/- 1.3 SD). Nevertheless, the higher dose significantly reduced growth of motoneurones after 4 weeks. Therefore, the higher dose, although impeding normal development of motoneurones, is less neurotoxic than a lower dose. This suggests that a balancing of conflicting effects may have occurred. The neurodegenerative effects of delayed reinnervation induced by RNA synthesis inhibition may be balanced by some neuroprotective effects at a higher dose. More extensive studies are required to validate these pilot findings.
MESH: Animals,-Newborn; Body-Weight-drug-effects; Cell-Survival-drug-effects; Dose-Response-Relationship,-Drug; Motor-Neurons-drug-effects; Muscle-Contraction; Muscle,-Skeletal-innervation; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Nerve-Crush; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; RNA-antagonists-and-inhibitors; RNA-biosynthesis; Sciatic-Nerve-cytology; Sciatic-Nerve-injuries
MESH: *Dactinomycin-pharmacology; *Motor-Neurons-cytology; *Motor-Neurons-physiology; *Nerve-Regeneration-drug-effects; *Sciatic-Nerve-physiology; *Synaptic-Transmission-drug-effects
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 50-76-0; 63231-63-0
NM: Dactinomycin; RNA
AN: 96298703
UD: 9611
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 44 of 55
TI: [Patterns of adaptive mobilization of proteins from skeletal muscles during development of compensatory hypertrophy of internal organs]
TO: Zakonomernosti adaptivnoi mobilizatsii belkov iz skeletnykh myshts pri razvitii kompensatornoi gipertrofii vnutrennikh organov.
AU: Rapoport-EA; Kazarian-VA; Shepelev-VG; Goncharova-LA
SO: Biofizika. 1996 Jan-Feb; 41(1): 123-32
ISSN: 0006-3029
PY: 1996
LA: RUSSIAN; NON-ENGLISH
CP: RUSSIA
AB: These studies were dealing with muscle protein depletion in rats under the heart hypertrophy induced by aorta coarctation or under liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. The last experimental model was also used in order to establish how far such protein mobilization from muscles is realized during their simultaneous adaptation to local overload or disuse induced by a surgical method. 3 and 7 days after induction of hypertrophy of organs investigated, the quantities of sarcoplasmic, myofibrillar and stroma proteins were measured in last-twitch (m. extensor digitorum longus, m. biceps brachii) and slow-twitch (m. soleus) muscles. The contributions of protein biosynthesis and/or protein degradation change into muscle protein loss were evaluated by specially elaborated radiotracer method. The data obtained demonstrate that the pattern of muscle protein mobilization depends on nature of organ and rate of its hypertrophy. The process occurs differently in muscle of different type and in various muscle structures. It appears to be potentiated in overloaded muscles and to a lesser extent in unused ones. The loss of muscle proteins is certainly associated with inhibition of their biosynthesis. Increased degradation (or release) of preformed (non-labelled) protein molecules may also contribute to this loss whereas degradation of newly-formed (labelled) molecules does not change appreciably, possibly because their distribution in muscle structures is non-uniform.
MESH: Aortic-Coarctation-physiopathology; English-Abstract; Hypertrophy-; Liver-physiopathology; Liver-Regeneration-physiology; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiopathology; Rats-
MESH: *Heart-Hypertrophy-physiopathology; *Liver-pathology; *Muscle-Proteins-metabolism; *Muscle,-Skeletal-metabolism
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0
NM: Muscle-Proteins
AN: 96319878
UD: 9611
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 45 of 55
TI: [Possibilities and limits of interpretation of muscle sonograms. An experimental study of standardized muscle injuries]
TO: Moglichkeiten und Grenzen der Interpretation von Muskelsonogrammen. Eine experimentelle Studie standardisierter Muskelverletzungen.
AU: Kullmer-K; Rompe-JD; Eysel-P; Harland-U
AD: Orthopadische Klinik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz.
SO: Unfallchirurgie. 1996 Feb; 22(1): 12-9
ISSN: 0340-2649
PY: 1996
LA: GERMAN; NON-ENGLISH
CP: GERMANY
AB: After sonographical examination we performed surgically an experimental muscle injury of known size and location on 28 New Zealand white rabbits by a stab with a scalpel into the supraspinatic muscle. The changes in the healing process were sonographically followed and documented for 2 months in short periods of time. The sonographically detectable changes during the healing process underlie a regularity. The changes in sonography can be explained by histopathology with respect to the theoretics of ultrasound physics. The development of a hematoma and of fibrous scars can be followed up by sonography with respect to some limits. Sonography is shown to be a supporting method of high value in the diagnosis of muscle injuries and with respect to certain limits in the follow-up of the healing process, too.
MESH: English-Abstract; Muscle,-Skeletal-ultrasonography; Necrosis-; Rabbits-; Regeneration-physiology; Wound-Healing-physiology
MESH: *Muscle,-Skeletal-injuries; *Soft-Tissue-Injuries-ultrasonography; *Wounds,-Stab-ultrasonography
TG: Animal; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96236356
UD: 9610
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 46 of 55
TI: GH regulation of the Type 2 IGF receptor in regenerating skeletal muscle of rats.
AU: Kirk-SP; Whittle-MA; Oldham-JM; Dobbie-PM; Bass-JJ
AD: Growth and Meat Science Group, Ruakura Agricultural Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand.
SO: J-Endocrinol. 1996 Apr; 149(1): 81-91
ISSN: 0022-0795
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: GH enhances skeletal muscle growth, and IGF-II peptide is highly expressed during regeneration. We have therefore investigated the effect of GH administration on IGF-II binding and expression in regenerating rat skeletal muscle using the techniques of receptor autoradiography and in situ hybridisation. Notexin, a myotoxin, was injected into the right M. biceps femoris (day 0), causing affected fibres to undergo necrosis followed by rapid regeneration. Animals were administered either GH (200 micrograms/100 g body weight) or saline vehicle daily. Contralateral muscles were used as regeneration controls. GH administration during regeneration resulted in significant increases in body weight, and damaged and undamaged muscle weights (P < 0.001). IGF-II expression, which was examined in regenerating fibres, survivor fibres and undamaged fibres, varied according to tissue type (P < 0.001). Specifically, IGF-II expression in regenerating fibres was elevated relative to control and survivor fibres after day 3 (P < 0.05), with a peak on day 9 (P < 0.001). GH did not affect IGF-II message levels. 125I-IGF-II binding in regenerating muscle was examined in the same fibre types as well as in connective tissue. 125I-IGF-II binding in regenerating fibres was higher (P < 0.001) than in other tissue types on day 5. GH administration increased 125I-IGF-II binding in all damaged muscle tissues on day 5 (P < 0.001, regenerating fibres; P < 0.01, others). We believe that this shows for the first time an effect of GH on the Type 2 IGF receptor in regenerating skeletal muscle.
MESH: Body-Weight-drug-effects; Elapid-Venoms-pharmacology; In-Situ-Hybridization; Muscle,-Skeletal-metabolism; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; Neurotoxins-pharmacology; Protein-Binding-drug-effects; Rats-; Rats,-Mutant-Strains; Receptors,-Insulin-Like-Growth-Factor-II-metabolism; Regeneration-
MESH: *Muscle,-Skeletal-drug-effects; *Receptors,-Insulin-Like-Growth-Factor-II-drug-effects; *Somatotropin-pharmacology
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 37223-96-4; 9002-72-6
NM: Elapid-Venoms; Neurotoxins; Receptors,-Insulin-Like-Growth-Factor-II; notexin; Somatotropin
AN: 96256163
UD: 9610
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 47 of 55
TI: Sciatic nerve regeneration in the rat after frozen muscle grafting. A comparative study using somatosensory evoked potentials.
AU: Delaere-O; Guerit-JM; Van-Wijck-R
AD: Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
SO: J-Hand-Surg-Br. 1996 Feb; 21(1): 53-6
ISSN: 0266-7681
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: SCOTLAND
AB: In an experimental study, somatosensory evoked potentials were used to evaluate sciatic nerve regeneration in the rat after 12 mm-long conventional nerve grafting, vascularized nerve grafting and frozen muscle grafting. This experimental method was found to be technically easy and highly reproducible. No statistical difference was found between the three groups concerning amplitude of the negative electrical wave recorded at the cortex level after distal stimulation. Conduction velocities were found to be significantly higher in both the vascularized nerve group and the frozen muscle group, compared with the conventional nerve grafting group. The frozen muscle grafting technique is valuable as it gives good experimental results, is easy to carry out and causes minimal damage to the donor site.
MESH: Pectoralis-Muscles-transplantation; Rats-; Rats,-Sprague-Dawley; Transplantation,-Autologous
MESH: *Evoked-Potentials,-Somatosensory-physiology; *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; *Sciatic-Nerve-physiology; *Sciatic-Nerve-transplantation
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96244031
UD: 9610
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 48 of 55
TI: MyoD is required for myogenic stem cell function in adult skeletal muscle.
AU: Megeney-LA; Kablar-B; Garrett-K; Anderson-JE; Rudnicki-MA
AD: Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cancer Research Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
SO: Genes-Dev. 1996 May 15; 10(10): 1173-83
ISSN: 0890-9369
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: To investigate the function of MyoD in adult skeletal muscle, we interbred MyoD mutant mice with mdx mice, a model for Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. Mice lacking both MyoD and dystrophin displayed a marked increase in severity of myopathy leading to premature death, suggesting a role for MyoD in muscle regeneration. Examination of MyoD mutant muscle revealed elevated numbers of myogenic cells; however, myoblasts derived from these cells displayed normal differentiation potential in vitro. Following injury, MyoD mutant muscle was severely deficient in regenerative ability, and we observed a striking reduction in the in vivo proliferation of myogenic cells during regeneration. Therefore, we propose that the failure of MyoD-deficient muscle to regenerate efficiently is not caused by a reduction in numbers of satellite cells, the stem cells of adult skeletal muscle, but results from an increased propensity for stem-cell self-renewal rather than progression through the myogenic program.
MESH: Cell-Division; Cells,-Cultured; Dystrophin-genetics; Dystrophin-metabolism; Gene-Deletion; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-mdx; Muscle,-Skeletal-cytology; Muscle,-Skeletal-ultrastructure; MyoD-Protein-genetics; Stem-Cells-physiology
MESH: *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *MyoD-Protein-physiology; *Regeneration-physiology
TG: Animal; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0
NM: Dystrophin; MyoD-Protein
AN: 96217919
UD: 9610
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 49 of 55
TI: Comparison of a new type of polytetrafluoroethylene patch (Mycro Mesh) and polypropylene prosthesis (Marlex) for repair of abdominal wall defects.
AU: Bellon-JM; Bujan-J; Contreras-LA; Carrera-San-Martin-A; Jurado-F
AD: Department of Morphological Sciences and Surgery, University of Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
SO: J-Am-Coll-Surg. 1996 Jul; 183(1): 11-8
ISSN: 1072-7515
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: BACKGROUND: Two types of prosthetic material used for repairing hernial defects of the abdominal wall were compared: Mycro Mesh and Marlex. Mycro Mesh (MM) is a new polytetrafluoroethylene product of layered, microporous structure. Macroscopically, it presents regularly distributed, 2-mm orifices that perforate the biomaterial. Marlex (PL) is a well-known polypropylene mesh product with a macroporous structure. STUDY DESIGN: In 24 white New Zealand rabbits, a full-thickness (except skin) 5 x 7-cm defect was created in the anterior wall of the abdomen. Defects were repaired with either MM (n = 12) or PL (n = 12) implants and studied at 14, 30, 60, and 90 days after implantation. Samples of the interfaces between prosthesis and subcutaneous tissue, visceral peritoneum, and receptor tissue, respectively, were studied. Samples were processed for optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An immunohistochemical study was made using RAM-11, a monoclonal antibody specific for rabbit macrophages. The tensile strength of the repairs was made using an Instron tensiometer on 2-cm wide transversal strips that included the prosthesis and its anchor zones to the receptor tissue. RESULTS: The formation of adhesions between the prosthesis and intestine was important with the PL implants but not with the MM implants. Optical microscopy and SEM showed formation of an organized connective tissue surrounding the MM implants. At 90 days, compact bridges of connective tissue linked the tissue on the subcutaneous and peritoneal sides of the prosthesis. The PL implants became integrated into a disorganized, highly vascularized connective tissue. The intensity of the macrophage response was similar in both prostheses and decreased between days 14 and 90 (Student-Newman-Keuls test p = 0.01). The tensile strength of the PL implants was greater than that of the MM implants. At 90 days, the tensile strength of the PL implants was mean equals 33.11 N and of the MM implants, mean equals 22.65 N (Mann-Whitney test p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The tissue integration of the PL and MM implants differed; fewer visceral adhesions formed on MM than on PL; the macrophage reaction was not determinant of the success of failure of either biomaterial; and the tensile strength of the prosthesis-receptor tissue interface was much greater in the PL implants than in the MM implants.
MESH: Abdominal-Muscles-metabolism; Abdominal-Muscles-ultrastructure; Adhesiveness-; Evaluation-Studies; Immunohistochemistry-; Microscopy,-Electron,-Scanning; Rabbits-; Statistics,-Nonparametric; Surgical-Mesh-statistics-and-numerical-data; Tensile-Strength; Time-Factors; Wound-Healing
MESH: *Abdominal-Muscles-surgery; *Polyethylenes-; *Polypropylenes-; *Polytetrafluoroethylene-; *Surgical-Mesh
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0; 9002-84-0; 9002-88-4
NM: Mycro-Mesh; Polyethylenes; Polypropylenes; Polytetrafluoroethylene; plastipore
AN: 96269427
UD: 9610
SB: AIM
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 50 of 55
TI: Mice lacking the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase develop a late onset progressive myopathy [see comments]
CM: Comment in: Nat Genet 1996 Jul;13(3):259-60
AU: Reddy-S; Smith-DB; Rich-MM; Leferovich-JM; Reilly-P; Davis-BM; Tran-K; Rayburn-H; Bronson-R; Cros-D; Balice-Gordon-RJ; Housman-D
AD: Center for Cancer Research, M.I.T. Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
SO: Nat-Genet. 1996 Jul; 13(3): 325-35
ISSN: 1061-4036
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from the expansion of a CTG repeat in the 3' untranslated region of a putative protein kinase (DMPK). To elucidate the role of DMPK in DM pathogenesis we have developed Dmpk deficient (Dmpk-/-) mice. Dmpk-/-mice develop a late-onset, progressive skeletal myopathy that shares some pathological features with DM. Muscles from mature mice show variation in fibre size, increased fibre degeneration and fibrosis. Adult Dmpk-/-mice show ultrastructural changes in muscle and a 50% decrease in force generation compared to young mice. Our results indicate that DMPK may be necessary for the maintenance of skeletal muscle structure and function and suggest that a decrease in DMPK levels may contribute to DM pathology.
MESH: Electromyography-; Homozygote-; Mice-; Mice,-Inbred-C57BL; Mice,-Transgenic; Muscle-Fatigue; Muscle-Fibers-chemistry; Muscle-Fibers-pathology; Muscle,-Skeletal-physiopathology; Muscle,-Skeletal-ultrastructure; Mutation-; Myotonia-Atrophica-genetics; Myotonia-Atrophica-pathology; Protein-Serine-Threonine-Kinases-biosynthesis; Protein-Serine-Threonine-Kinases-genetics; Regeneration-
MESH: *Muscle,-Skeletal-pathology; *Protein-Serine-Threonine-Kinases-deficiency
TG: Animal; Female; Human; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: POIAG1332901
RN: EC 2.7.10; EC 2.7.10.-
NM: Protein-Serine-Threonine-Kinases; DM-kinase
AN: 96259561
UD: 9610
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 51 of 55
TI: Degenerating and regenerating skeletal muscles contain several subpopulations of macrophages with distinct spatial and temporal distributions.
AU: McLennan-IS
AD: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
SO: J-Anat. 1996 Feb; 188 ( Pt 1): 17-28
ISSN: 0021-8782
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: ENGLAND
AB: Macrophages of different phenotypes can be detected using a panel of antibodies. We have used such antibodies to demonstrate that the macrophages in freeze-lesioned skeletal muscles are heterogeneous, with each subtype having a distinct location within the lesion as well as distinct times of arrival and departure from the lesion. ED1+ monocytes and macrophages began invading the lesion within 3 h and were abundant until necrotic tissue had been removed. In some macrophages, the ED1 antigen aggregated into a single or a few clumps and such cells persisted in the regenerated area for at least 21 d. ED2+/Ox6-/ED1-/RM1- cells are one of the major subpopulations of resident macrophages within skeletal muscle. Cells of this phenotype accumulated in the epimysia and perimysia surrounding the lesions but did not penetrate into the lesion until extensive phagocytosis had occurred (usually 1 or 2 d). ED2+ cells were subsequently concentrated in the regenerating connective tissues and empty remnants of phagocytosed fibres. They only rarely invaded necrotic tissue, even when immediately adjacent to it, suggesting that this type of macrophage has a specialised function which is unrelated to removal of damaged tissue. The ED2+ macrophages were CD4+ and it is probably that macrophages of this type have been previously misclassified as CD4+ T cells. Skeletal muscles also contain numerous Ox6(Ia)+/ED2- resident macrophages. Unlike ED2+ macrophages, Ox6+ macrophages invaded the damaged muscles half a day after lesioning and were abundant in necrotic tissue. As regeneration occurred, the Ox6+ macrophages became restricted to the connective tissues of the muscle, which is their normal location.
MESH: Antibodies,-Monoclonal; Antigens-analysis; IgG-immunology; Immunohistochemistry-; Macrophages-immunology; Microscopy,-Confocal; Microscopy,-Fluorescence; Monocytes-cytology; Monocytes-immunology; Muscle,-Skeletal-immunology; Phagocytosis-; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; Time-Factors
MESH: *Macrophages-cytology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-injuries; *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Regeneration-
TG: Animal; Male; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0; 0
NM: Antibodies,-Monoclonal; Antigens; IgG
AN: 96249897
UD: 9610
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 52 of 55
TI: Rapid intraoperative facial nerve expansion.
AU: Martini-DV; Har-El-G; McPhee-J; Lucente-FE
AD: SUNY-Health Science Center at Brooklyn/Long Island College Hospital, NY, USA.
SO: Otolaryngol-Head-Neck-Surg. 1996 Apr; 114(4): 605-12
ISSN: 0194-5998
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The repair of nerve length defect presents a reconstructive challenge after trauma and oncologic resection. This study examined rapid intraoperative nerve expansion as a method of repairing nerve length defects with the cat facial nerve model. We compared expanded nerves with grafted nerves and intact nerves 1 year after repair using the criteria of gross function (symmetry and blink reflex according to a modified House scale), electromyography thresholds, nerve-conduction velocity, morphology, and axon count. Three of the five expanded nerves regenerated, and all of the grafted nerves regenerated. Functional results were similar for the regenerated expanded and the grafted facial nerves, and both methods achieved an equivalent level of function. The facial nerves of the regenerated expanded group, grafted group, and intact group had mean electromyography thresholds of 132 mV, 98 mV, and 134 mV, respectively, and mean conduction velocities of 48.3 mg/second, 47.9 m/second, and 44.7 m/second, respectively. Morphologic examination of all five expanded nerves immediately after the expansion process revealed an intact fascicular structure. However, 1 year after excision of the expanded segment and repair, only three of the five nerves regenerated. Axon count at 1 year was as follows: 404 for the regenerated expanded nerves, 449 for the grafted nerves, and 403 for the intact nerves. The potential advantages of rapid intraoperative nerve expansion over nerve grafting for the repair of nerve gap defects include a single suture line and absence of donor site morbidity. This pilot study demonstrates that rapid intraoperative nerve expansion and regeneration is possible and can be used to repair a nerve length deficit. The development of a rapid and reliable method of intraoperative nerve expansion deserves further study.
MESH: Cats-; Electromyography-; Evaluation-Studies; Facial-Muscles-innervation; Facial-Muscles-physiology; Facial-Nerve-anatomy-and-histology; Facial-Nerve-transplantation; Follow-Up-Studies; Intraoperative-Care; Nerve-Regeneration; Neural-Conduction
MESH: *Facial-Nerve-surgery; *Tissue-Expansion
TG: Animal
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
AN: 96224358
UD: 9609
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 53 of 55
TI: Role of weight-bearing function on expression of myosin isoforms during regeneration of rat soleus muscles.
AU: Bigard-XA; Merino-D; Serrurier-B; Lienhard-F; Guezennec-YC; Bockhold-KJ; Whalen-RG
AD: Departement de Physiologie Systemique, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherchesde Medecine Aerospatiale, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France.
SO: Am-J-Physiol. 1996 Mar; 270(3 Pt 1): C763-71
ISSN: 0002-9513
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: The expression of myosin isoforms was studied in regenerated rat soleus muscle during either normal or altered postural activity. Regeneration was induced following injury by venom from the Notechis scutatus scutatus snake. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that, in regenerating soleus muscle after 3 wk of hindlimb suspension, nearly all fibers reacted positively with the myosin heavy chain (MHC) antibody associated with fast-twitch muscle fibers (fast MHC). When 3 wk of recovery with normal weight-bearing activity followed hindlimb suspension, the regeneration soleus muscle exhibited a nearly homogeneous staining with the MHC antibody associated with the slow-twitch muscle fibers (slow MHC). These findings were in accordance with quantitative analysis of the electrophoretic separation of the native myosin isoforms. Immunohistochemical data showed that removal of weight bearing in the 21-day old regenerated soleus muscles resulted in an increase in fast MHC expression. Together, the results of the present study clearly demonstrate that the postural load is an important component in the induction of slow MHC in regenerating muscle and that the control of the expression of MHC in muscle comprising a homogeneous population of fibers deriving from satellite cells appears more homogeneous and more complete than in a nondegenerated one.
MESH: Elapid-Venoms; Hindlimb-; Immunohistochemistry-; Movement-; Muscle,-Skeletal-cytology; Muscle,-Skeletal-metabolism; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; Time-Factors
MESH: *Gene-Expression; *Muscle-Fibers,-Fast-Twitch-physiology; *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiology; *Myosin-Heavy-Chains-biosynthesis; *Posture-; *Regeneration-
TG: Animal; Comparative-Study; Male
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: 0; 0
NM: Elapid-Venoms; Myosin-Heavy-Chains
AN: 96193780
UD: 9609
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 54 of 55
TI: In situ hybridization analysis for expression of myogenic regulatory factors in regenerating muscle of mdx mouse.
AU: Bhagwati-S; Ghatpande-A; Shafiq-SA; Leung-B
AD: State University of New York Health Sciences Center, Department of Neurology, Brooklyn 11203, USA.
SO: J-Neuropathol-Exp-Neurol. 1996 May; 55(5): 509-14
ISSN: 0022-3069
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Precise temporal and spatial coordination of expression of the myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) plays a critical role in the development of skeletal muscle. Whether this pattern is recapitulated postnatally during regeneration of mature muscle after injury is not known. The aim of this study was to determine the cellular distribution of mRNA expression of the various myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, Myogenin, Myf-5 and Myf-6) during regeneration in mature skeletal muscle. We used the mdx mouse, an animal model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which undergoes necrosis and vigorous regeneration of muscle fibers, as a natural model to study muscle fibers at various stages of maturity ranging from satellite cells to mature muscle fibers. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that MyoD expression was the most widespread and was expressed in satellite cells and small regenerating muscle fibers surrounding necrotic fibers. Myogenin, Myf5, and Myf6 were expressed weakly in some immature fibers and none of the MRF's could be detected in mature muscle. These findings, taken together with previous studies, suggests that the pattern of expression of the various MRF's in regenerating skeletal muscle differs from that in developing muscle in embryos and that MyoD may play a critical role in the initiation and progression of events which lead to regeneration in mature skeletal muscle.
MESH: Dystrophin-deficiency; Mice-; Mice,-Mutant-Strains; Muscle-Proteins-biosynthesis; Muscle-Proteins-genetics; Muscular-Dystrophy,-Animal-pathology; Myogenic-Regulatory-Factors-genetics; Myogenin-biosynthesis; Myogenin-genetics; MyoD-Protein-biosynthesis; MyoD-Protein-genetics; RNA,-Messenger-analysis
MESH: *In-Situ-Hybridization; *Muscle,-Skeletal-physiopathology; *Muscular-Dystrophy,-Animal-metabolism; *Myogenic-Regulatory-Factors-biosynthesis; *Regeneration-
TG: Animal; Support,-U.S.-Gov't,-P.H.S.
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
CN: K08NS01351NSNINDS
RN: 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0
NM: myogenic-factor,-Myf-5; myogenic-factor,-Myf-6; Dystrophin; Muscle-Proteins; Myogenic-Regulatory-Factors; Myogenin; MyoD-Protein; RNA,-Messenger
AN: 96213479
UD: 9608
MEDLINE EXPRESS (R) 1992-1996 55 of 55
TI: Nimodipine accelerates axonal sprouting after surgical repair of rat facial nerve.
AU: Angelov-DN; Neiss-WF; Streppel-M; Andermahr-J; Mader-K; Stennert-E
AD: Institut I fur Anatomie, Universitat zu Koln, Cologne, Germany.
SO: J-Neurosci. 1996 Feb 1; 16(3): 1041-8
ISSN: 0270-6474
PY: 1996
LA: ENGLISH
CP: UNITED-STATES
AB: Facial-facial anastomosis (FFA), i.e., suture of transected facial nerve, was performed in adult Wistar rats. For 10-112 d post-operation (DPO), half of the animals received standard food (placebo) and half received food pellets containing 1000 ppm nimodipine, a Ca2+ channel blocker. The time course of mimetic reinnervation between these two groups was compared by counting all retrogradely labeled motoneurons after injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the whiskerpad. In unoperated animals, injection of HRP labeled 1280 +/- 113 motoneurons. After FFA, this number dropped to zero, and the first HRP-labeled facial motoneurons reappeared in both placebo- and nimodipine-treated animals at 14 DPO. The treatment with nimodipine yielded two beneficial effects. (1) It accelerated axonal sprouting until 28 DPO. Whereas the number of HRP-labeled cells in the placebo group was 171 +/- 9 (mean +/- SD) at 16 DPO, 372 +/- 43 at 21 DPO, and 636 +/- 187 at 28 DPO, the number of sprouted motoneurons in nimodipine-treated rats was twice as high: 386 +/- 34 at 16 DPO, 620 +/- 28 at 21 DPO, and 756 +/- 257 at 28 DPO. (2) Nimodipine reduced the polyneuronal innervation of the target muscles. Whereas the number of HRP-labeled cells in the placebo group increased to 1430 +/- 36 at 56 DPO and 1600 +/- 31 at 112 DPO, the number of labeled motoneurons in nimodipine-treated rats remained almost within the normal range: 1315 +/- 31 at 56 DPO and 1354 +/- 33 at 112 DPO.
MESH: Anastomosis,-Surgical; Axons-physiology; Calcium-physiology; Calcium-Channel-Blockers-pharmacology; Facial-Muscles-innervation; Facial-Nerve-injuries; Horseradish-Peroxidase-diagnostic-use; Microsurgery-; Motor-Neurons-drug-effects; Motor-Neurons-physiology; Nimodipine-pharmacology; Rats-; Rats,-Wistar; Retrograde-Degeneration-physiology
MESH: *Axons-drug-effects; *Calcium-Channel-Blockers-therapeutic-use; *Facial-Nerve-surgery; *Nerve-Regeneration-physiology; *Nimodipine-therapeutic-use
TG: Animal; Female; Support,-Non-U.S.-Gov't
PT: JOURNAL-ARTICLE
RN: EC 1.11.1.-; 0; 66085-59-4; 7440-70-2
NM: Horseradish-Peroxidase; Calcium-Channel-Blockers; Nimodipine; Calcium
AN: 96140360
UD: 9605