Record 180 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 1996 Part B
TITLE: Psychotraumatologie in der arztlichen Praxis--eine Umfrage.
[Psychotraumatology in medical practice--a survey]
AUTHOR: Schnyder,-U; Valach,-L
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Universitatsspital Zurich, Psychiatrische Poliklinik.
SOURCE: Z-Arztl-Fortbild-(Jena). 1996 Jun; 90(4): 347-54
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0044-2178
LANGUAGE: German; Non-English
ABSTRACT: In a representative national survey, general practitioners and psychiatrists were asked about their experience and knowledge with regard to psychological sequelae of traumatic life events. A questionnaire addressing 10 traumatic stress related issues was mailed to every fifth general practitioner and psychiatrist in private practice in Switzerland (N = 1284). The return rate was 37%. Every second doctor reported having experiences in treating posttraumatic disorders. Sexual abuse and accidents were the mostly mentioned traumas. General practitioners are frequently confronted with acute stress disorders, while psychiatrists more often have to deal with PTSD. Psychiatrists knew more about specific treatment possibilities than general practitioners. Only a minority was satisfied with the existing therapeutic services for trauma victims. Few doctors (more psychiatrists than GPs) had plans for further education. A majority suggested interdisciplinary treatment approaches. When planning further education, preference should be given to interdisciplinary approaches, taking into consideration at the same time the specific needs of different professional groups.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 96373117
Record 181 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 1996 Part B
TITLE: Coping strategies and posttraumatic stress disorder in female victims of sexual and nonsexual assault.
AUTHOR: Valentiner,-D-P; Foa-EBDS; Riggs,-D-S; Gershuny,-B-S
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, USA.
SOURCE: J-Abnorm-Psychol. 1996 Aug; 105(3): 455-8
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0021-843X
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: The coping behaviors and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms of 215 female assault victims (103 rape victims and 112 nonsexual assault victims) were assessed within 2 weeks following the assault (Time 1), and 133 of them (62%) were followed up 3 months later (Time 2). Posttrauma symptom severity significantly decreased during the 3-month study period, but PTSD severity levels at Times 1 and 2 were highly correlated. Three coping scales were constructed on the basis of exploratory factor analyses: Mobilizing Support, Positive Distancing, and Wishful Thinking. Three months postassault, rape victims showed higher levels of wishful thinking and PTSD than nonsexual assault victims. Wishful thinking showed a positive association and positive distancing a negative association with PTSD severity, controlling for assault type, initial levels of PTSD severity, and other coping strategies. The clinical relevance of these findings is discussed.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 96367902
Record 182 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 1996 Part B
TITLE: Syndrome secondaire a un stress traumatique (PTSD) et conduites addictives.
[Syndrome secondary to post-traumatic stress disorder and addictive behaviors]
AUTHOR: Darves-Bornoz,-J-M; Delmotte,-I; Benhamou,-P; Degiovanni,-A; Gaillard,-P
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Clinique psychiatrique universitaire, CHU de Tours.
SOURCE: Ann-Med-Psychol-(Paris). 1996 Jun; 154(3): 190-4
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0003-4487
LANGUAGE: French; Non-English
ABSTRACT: Ninety psychiatric female inpatients had an interview using structural clinical instruments. The patients were often exposed during their lifetime to psychic trauma and especially to sexual abuse in childhood (27%) and rape (21%). Rape is a risk factor for chronicity and severity of mental disorders. Post-traumatic disorders such as PTSD, dissociative disorders, somatoform disorders and borderline-like disorder are linked to rape. Addictive behavior such as alcohol abuse, drugs use, repeated suicide attempts or eating disorders, is also associated with raped patients and especially with those who developed PTSD after rape.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 96326816
Record 183 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 1996 Part B
TITLE: Sexual abuse, physical abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder among women participating in outpatient drug abuse treatment.
AUTHOR: Gil-Rivas,-V; Fiorentine,-R; Anglin,-M-D
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: UCLA Drug Abuse Research Center, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90024, USA.
SOURCE: J-Psychoactive-Drugs. 1996 Jan-Mar; 28(1): 95-102
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0279-1072
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Findings from a prospective, longitudinal study of 182 women and 148 men in outpatient drug abuse treatment programs indicate that women are significantly more likely than men to experience sexual and physical abuse. Sexual and physical abuse are associated with higher levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. Moreover, women are more likely than men to possess an array of psychological factors that predict relapse to drug use after treatment, including low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and suicidal behavior, among others. But contrary to expectation, PTSD is not associated with relapse to drug use, nor are women more likely than men to relapse within a six-month posttreatment interval. Further analysis indicates that while women have more psychological risk factors associated with relapse, they are more likely than men to engage in the treatment process. Engagement in treatment, notably frequent participation in group counseling, appears to mitigate the higher risk of relapse for women.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 96282924
Record 184 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 1996 Part B
TITLE: Dissociative experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder among female victims of criminal assault and rape.
AUTHOR: Dancu,-C-V; Riggs,-D-S; Hearst-Ikeda,-D; Shoyer,-B-G; Foa,-E-B
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Medical College of Pennsylvania, Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute, Philadelphia 19129, USA.
SOURCE: J-Trauma-Stress. 1996 Apr; 9(2): 253-67
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0894-9867
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: This study examines the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociative experiences in a sample of 158 recent female assault victims (74 rape, 84 nonsexual assault) and 46 comparison subjects who had not been assaulted within the last year. Results indicated that victims had elevated scores on Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) as compared to the comparison subjects, but that this elevation was not as high as for other traumatized samples. The level of dissociation reported by assault victims declined significantly over the three month course of the study. DES scores were related to PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity, but only among nonsexual assault victims. In rape victims, there was no correlation between dissociation and PTSD. Recent victims with a history of childhood sexual abuse were significantly more dissociative than those who did not report such a history. These results are discussed with regard to vulnerability factors for developing PTSD subsequent to a criminal assault.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 96301513
Record 185 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 1996 Part B
TITLE: Victimization and PTSD in individuals with substance use disorders: gender and racial differences.
AUTHOR: Dansky,-B-S; Brady,-K-T; Saladin,-M-E; Killeen,-T; Becker,-S; Roitzsch,-J
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Medical University of South Carolina Charleston 29425-0742, USA.
SOURCE: Am-J-Drug-Alcohol-Abuse. 1996 Feb; 22(1): 75-93
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0095-2990
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: There is a paucity of studies concerning the prevalence of crime-related posttraumatic stress disorder (CR-PTSD) in individuals with substance use disorders, despite documentation of particularly high prevalence rates of sexual and physical assault in this population. A central objective of the present investigation was to assess victimization experiences and CR-PTSD among individuals receiving inpatient treatment for substance use disorders and evaluate gender and racial differences in assault characteristics CR-PTSD prevalence rates. A total of 95 inpatients (34 men and 61 women; 41 African-Americans, 52 Caucasians, and 2 other minorities) were administered a structured interview to assess substance abuse/dependence, trauma, and PTSD. Approximately 90% of the participants had a lifetime history of sexual and/or physical assault, and approximately 50% had CR-PTSD. With the exception of rape, no gender differences in assault or CR-PTSD prevalence rates were observed. Women were more likely than men to perceive their life as endangered during a rape. Men were younger than women when they experienced their first (or only) aggravated assault and were more likely to have been assaulted by a family member. No racial differences were detected for assault or PTSD, although African-American patients were significantly more likely to identify cocaine as their primary drug than Caucasian patients. Given the strikingly high rate of comorbid CR-PTSD among substance use disordered patients, exploration of the type and timing of interventions would be of clinical interest.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 96233765
Record 186 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 1996 Part B
TITLE: Depressed adolescents with a history of sexual abuse: diagnostic comorbidity and suicidality.
AUTHOR: Brand,-E-F; King,-C-A; Olson,-E; Ghaziuddin,-N; Naylor,-M
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
SOURCE: J-Am-Acad-Child-Adolesc-Psychiatry. 1996 Jan; 35(1): 34-41
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0890-8567
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To determine the nature of comorbid psychopathology and suicidality associated with a history of sexual abuse in depressed adolescents. METHOD: Twenty-four depressed adolescent inpatients with a history of sexual abuse were compared with a matched control group of 24 depressed adolescent inpatients on measures of depression, suicidal ideation and behavior, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. RESULTS: Depressed adolescents with a history of sexual abuse had a higher prevalence of comorbid PTSD than did those without such a history. Chronicity and severity of abuse were significant contributors to a PTSD diagnosis. No differences were found in depression severity, specific depressive symptoms, or suicidal behavior. CONCLUSION: Comorbidity of depressive disorders and PTSD are common among adolescent inpatients with a history of chronic sexual abuse. The need for thorough assessment of depression and PTSD with appropriate interventions for sexually abused adolescents is clear.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 96148224
Record 187 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 1996 Part B
TITLE: Psychodynamics and psychiatric diagnoses of pseudoseizure subjects.
AUTHOR: Bowman,-E-S; Markand,-O-N
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA.
SOURCE: Am-J-Psychiatry. 1996 Jan; 153(1): 57-63
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0002-953X
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine current and lifetime rates of DSM-III-R disorders in patients with pseudoseizures and to ascertain whether trauma is associated with the occurrence of pseudoseizures. METHODS: Adult pseudoseizure patients (N = 45) were interviewed regarding seizure course and life events, and they were given the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R--Patient Version, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Dissociative Disorders, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire--Revised. The pseudoseizures were diagnosed in a tertiary-care video-EEG facility. Most of the subjects (78%) were female, and the mean age of the overall patient group was 37.5 years (SD = 9.7). RESULTS: The mean duration of the subjects' seizure history was 8.3 years (SD = 8.0). Common current psychiatric diagnoses included somatoform disorders (89%), dissociative disorders (91%), affective disorders (64%), personality disorders (62%), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (49%), and other anxiety disorders (47%). The lifetime occurrence of nonseizure conversion disorders was 82%. The mean Dissociative Experiences Scale score was 20.2 (SD = 18.2). Trauma was reported by 84% of the subjects: sexual abuse by 67%, physical abuse by 67%, and other traumas by 73%. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudoseizure subjects have high rates of the psychiatric disorders found in traumatized groups; they closely resemble patients with dissociative disorders. Reclassification of conversion seizures with the dissociative disorders should be considered. Pseudoseizures often appear to express distress related to abuse reports. Clinicians should screen pseudoseizure patients for adult and childhood trauma, dissociative disorders, depression, and PTSD.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 96129958
Record 188 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 1996 Part A
TITLE: Comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder and irritable bowel syndrome.
AUTHOR: Irwin,-C; Falsetti,-S-A; Lydiard,-R-B; Ballenger,-J-C; Brock,-C-D; Brener,-W
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry, Charleston 29425, USA.
SOURCE: J-Clin-Psychiatry. 1996 Dec; 57(12): 576-8
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0160-6689
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder that has been found to be associated with psychiatric disorders and a history of physical and/or sexual abuse. To date, the relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and IBS has not been investigated. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of IBS and PTSD. METHOD: Fifty consecutive IBS patients admitted to a clinical treatment study were assessed for IBS, trauma history, and psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: Twenty-seven IBS patients (54%) met criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis at some time in their lives. Twenty-two patients (44%) reported a trauma history. Eighteen (36%) were diagnosed with PTSD. Those IBS patients with a trauma history were more likely to have other comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that IBS is often associated with psychiatric disorders, indicating that assessment and treatment of these comorbid conditions may be important in the treatment of IBS. PTSD, which had not been previously investigated in relation to IBS, had a high prevalence, indicating the need for careful trauma and PTSD assessment in patients with IBS. Patients with IBS who have a trauma history may be more at risk for other comorbid psychiatric disorders than IBS patients without a trauma history.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 97163285
Record 189 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 1996 Part A
TITLE: Is youth victimization related to trauma symptoms and depression after controlling for prior symptoms and family relationships? A longitudinal, prospective study.
AUTHOR: Boney-McCoy,-S; Finkelhor,-D
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychology, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic 06226, USA.
SOURCE: J-Consult-Clin-Psychol. 1996 Dec; 64(6): 1406-16
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0022-006X
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: The common finding linking symptoms such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression with youth victimization (e.g., sexual abuse) might well be artifactual if preexisting psychopathology or disturbed family relationships create a common risk for both later victimization and later symptoms. This study used a longitudinal, prospective design to examine this issue. In a national random sample telephone survey, children 10 to 16 years old were interviewed and then reinterviewed approximately 15 months later about psychological problems, family relationships and victimization experiences that had occurred in the interim. Victimization in the interim was associated with PTSD-related symptoms and depression measured at Time 2, even after controlling for these symptoms and the quality of the parent-child relationship at Time 1. The association was particularly strong for sexual abuse, parental assault, and kidnapping experiences. However, these data also suggest that some of the apparent association found in cross-sectional studies between victimization and psychopathology may be due to prior psychopathology (but not parent-child relationship problems), which puts children at risk for both victimization and later symptoms.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 97145773
Record 190 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 1996 Part A
TITLE: Characteristics of posttraumatic stress disorder-alcohol abuse comorbidity in women.
AUTHOR: Ouimette,-P-C; Wolfe,-J; Chrestman,-K-R
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Boston VA Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, USA. Ouimette.Paige_J@Palo-Alto.va.gov
SOURCE: J-Subst-Abuse. 1996; 8(3): 335-46
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0899-3289
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Trauma characteristics and symptoms were examined in 12 women diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol abuse (AA), 13 women with PTSD only, and 22 controls. Participants served during the Vietnam era. Women completed diagnostic interviews and a questionnaire battery. Results showed that PTSD-AA women reported more childhood sexual abuse and sexual victimization during wartime service than the other two groups. Groups did not differ on other childhood trauma variables, nor on adult physical assault and traditional wartime stressor exposure. PTSD-AA women reported more PTSD, dissociation, and borderline personality traits than the other two groups. These results suggest that trauma type, specifically sexual victimization across the life span, is an important factor in dual diagnosis in women, and that women with PTSD-AA have a particularly severe level of symptoms relative to women with only PTSD and controls.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 97088500
Record 191 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 1996 Part A
TITLE: Posttraumatic stress disorder in a clinical sample of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse.
AUTHOR: Rodriguez,-N; Ryan,-S-W; Rowan,-A-B; Foy,-D-W
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Tufts University School of Medicine/Boston VA Psychology Internship Consortium, MA, USA.
SOURCE: Child-Abuse-Negl. 1996 Oct; 20(10): 943-52
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0145-2134
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: One hundred seventeen help-seeking adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) were assessed to investigate the relationship between the level of self-reported CSA and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). CSA was measured utilizing the Sexual Abuse Exposure Questionnaire, a new research instrument. Further preliminary psychometric properties of the instrument were reported. CSA was operationalized to include severity, duration, age of onset, number of perpetrators, and use of force. PTSD diagnostic status was assessed utilizing a standardized instrument, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-II-R. Eighty-six percent of survivors met full DSM-III-R criteria for a PTSD diagnosis at some point during their lives. Multivariate analysis indicated that CSA severity and duration accounted for significant portions of the variance in PTSD symptoms, providing support for their role as traumagenic variables.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 97057961
Record 192 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 1996 Part A
TITLE: Sertraline in the treatment of rape victims with posttraumatic stress disorder.
AUTHOR: Rothbaum,-B-O; Ninan,-P-T; Thomas,-L
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
SOURCE: J-Trauma-Stress. 1996 Oct; 9(4): 865-71
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0894-9867
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant problem following rape, yet reports on the efficacy of pharmacological agents in this population are lacking. The results of an open 12-week clinical trial utilizing sertraline (mean dose 105 mg) in the treatment of adult female rape victims with chronic PTSD are presented. The five completers were, on average, 41.6 years old and 15.6 years postassault. Sertraline reduced PTSD and related symptoms in these rape victims. The mean Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) scores decreased by 53%, with four out of five participants responding positively to treatment. These preliminary results support the need for systematic assessment of sertraline in this population.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 97058432
Record 193 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 1996 Part A
TITLE: Relationship between early abuse, posttraumatic stress disorder, and activity levels in prepubertal children.
AUTHOR: Glod,-C-A; Teicher,-M-H
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: College of Nursing, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02116, USA.
SOURCE: J-Am-Acad-Child-Adolesc-Psychiatry. 1996 Oct; 35(10): 1384-93
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0890-8567
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between early physical and sexual abuse, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression, and activity levels in prepubertal children. METHOD: Nineteen unmedicated children with documented abuse (9.4 +/- 2.3 years; 6 girls, 13 boys) were compared with 15 healthy controls (8.3 +/- 1.9 years; 6 girls, 9 boys). Diagnoses were derived from structured interviews (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Epidemiologic Version). Motionlogger actigraphs collected activity data for 72 continuous hours in 1-minute epochs. RESULTS: Overall, abused children were 10% more active than normal children (p < .05) and displayed a paucity of periods of low-level daytime activity (p < .01). Abused children with PTSD were largely responsible for the increase in activity. Abused children with PTSD had a robust and normal circadian activity rhythm. Abused children in whom PTSD failed to develop had an attenuated circadian amplitude compared with subjects with PTSD (101% versus 93%, p < .01) and were phase-delayed by 61 minutes versus controls (p = .01). Early onset of abuse was significantly associated with greater likelihood of the development of PTSD and hyperactivity. Later age of abuse was associated with circadian dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary observations indicate that abused children with PTSD have activity profiles similar to those of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, while abused children without PTSD have activity profiles more similar to those of depressed children.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 97040202