Record 43 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: Sexual abuse characteristics associated with survivor psychopathology.
AUTHOR: Ruggiero,-K-J; McLeer,-S-V; Dixon,-J-F
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506-6040, USA.
SOURCE: Child-Abuse-Negl. 2000 Jul; 24(7): 951-64
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0145-2134
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to examine predictors of psychopathology in non-clinically referred, sexually abused (SA) children, ages 6-16 years, 30-60 days following abuse disclosure and termination. METHOD: Eighty SA children were administered a structured diagnostic interview and a variety of rating-scale instruments. Several forms of psychopathology were assessed, including posttraumatic stress, global functioning, anxiety, depression, and externalizing behavior. Abuse interviews also were used to guide the collection of demographic (victim age, gender) and abuse-related information (e.g., frequency of abuse). RESULTS: Abuse-related factors and demographic variables accounted for greater than half of the variance predicting global functioning, and accurately predicted posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) status for 86% of the participants. Also, analyses yielded significant predictors of parent-reported attention problems and sexual behavior. Of additional importance, none of the abuse-related and demographic variables predicted scores on measures of general anxiety, depression, and externalizing behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Specific demographic and sexual abuse information may, to some extent, be used to identify children who are at increased risk for short-term post-abuse psychopathology. Although the present findings suggest that such information may not be useful in the prediction of general anxiety, depression, and externalizing behavior, demographic and abuse-related variables importantly appear to account for significant variance in the prediction of global functioning, posttraumatic stress, attentiveness, and sexual behavior. Additional research is needed to improve mental health professionals' ability to identify SA children who are at high risk for psychopathology.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20361354
Record 44 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: Attentional dysfunction associated with posttraumatic stress disorder among rape survivors.
AUTHOR: Jenkins,-M-A; Langlais,-P-J; Delis,-D-A; Cohen,-R-A
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02906, United States of America. melissa_jenkins@brown.edu
SOURCE: Clin-Neuropsychol. 2000 Feb; 14(1): 7-12
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0920-1637
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by subjective reports of decreased concentration and an inability to sustain attention. Some empirical validation of these symptoms has been demonstrated via reduced performance on attentional tests among war veterans with PTSD. However, the significance of such findings is unclear given high co-morbidity with other psychiatric, neurologic, and substance abuse disorders among veterans. The present study examined neuropsychological functioning among rape survivors with PTSD, a patient population with comparatively low rates of psychiatric co-morbidity. Rape survivors with PTSD (PTSD+; n = 15) were compared to rape survivors without PTSD (PTSD-; n = 16) and age- and education-matched nontraumatized controls (CTRL; n = 16) on tests of attention. Performance of the PTSD+ group was significantly worse than the other groups on measures of sustained and divided attention, but not on shifting of visuospatial selective attention. Performance differences were not attributable to co-morbid psychiatric disorders or substance abuse. The implications of these findings regarding the effects of trauma on attentional functions are discussed.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20314971
Record 45 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: Posttraumatic stress disorder and short-term outcome in early methadone treatment.
AUTHOR: Hien,-D-A; Nunes,-E; Levin,-F-R; Fraser,-D
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, Women's Health Project, New York, NY 10025, USA. Drhien@aol.com
SOURCE: J-Subst-Abuse-Treat. 2000 Jul; 19(1): 31-7
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0740-5472
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine treatment adherence relative to frequency of violence and posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) among new methadone patients. Ninety-six opiate-abusing patients were evaluated for childhood physical and sexual abuse (CPSA), adulthood exposures to violence (ADVIOL), PTSD, and treatment adherence. Overall, 43% of the subjects dropped out of treatment within 3 months of intake. Occurrence of trauma or PTSD did not predict drop-out rates. A 2 (Gender) x 2 (PTSD) analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with severity of other drug use on admission as a covariate, however, revealed a main effect for PTSD, F(4, 71) = 7. 69, p < or =.01, such that those patients with current PTSD revealed significantly more ongoing drug use at 3 months (M = 24.3, SD = 20. 9) than those without (M = 8.9, SD = 11.8). Examination of ongoing cocaine use using a 2 (Gender) x 2 (PTSD) ANCOVA also revealed a main effect for PTSD, F(4, 17) = 8.24, p < or = .005, such that those patients with current PTSD revealed significantly more ongoing cocaine use at 3 months postadmission (M = 51.6, SD = 37.6) than those without (M = 24.3, SD = 20.9). For both genders, CPSA and ADVIOL were associated with higher rates of PTSD, which in turn predicted poorer treatment adherence as measured by ongoing co-occurring drug abuse 3 months postadmission. Results underscore the need for routine assessment and targeted treatment of trauma in methadone patients.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20327806
Record 46 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: Validation of a brief measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: the Distressing Event Questionnaire (DEQ).
AUTHOR: Kubany,-E-S; Leisen,-M-B; Kaplan,-A-S; Kelly,-M-P
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: National Center for PTSD, Pacific Islands Division, Department of Veterans Affairs, VAM&ROC, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96813, USA. kubany@pixi.com
SOURCE: Psychol-Assess. 2000 Jun; 12(2): 197-209
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1040-3590
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: The Distressing Event Questionnaire (DEQ) is a brief instrument for assessing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to criteria provided in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). The DEQ possesses high internal consistency and exhibited satisfactory short-term temporal stability in studies with Vietnam War combat veterans and battered women. In a sample of Vietnam War veterans and 4 separate samples of abused women (with histories of incest, rape, intimate partner abuse, or prostitution and abuse), the DEQ exhibited very good discriminative validity when judged against structured interview assessment of PTSD. The DEQ exhibited strong convergent validity with other PTSD measures and other indexes of adjustment and also exhibited strong convergent validity as a measure of PTSD across ethnic groups in both the veteran sample and the combined women's sample.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20345978
Record 47 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: PTSD scale of the Child Behavior Checklist: concurrent and discriminant validity with non-clinic-referred sexually abused children.
AUTHOR: Ruggiero,-K-J; McLeer,-S-V
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506-6040, USA. kruggier@wvu.edu
SOURCE: J-Trauma-Stress. 2000 Apr; 13(2): 287-99
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0894-9867
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Several assessment instruments include measures that are purported to assess characteristics of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although these measures are used often by researchers and clinicians, few are supported by extensive validity data. The PTSD scale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is one that has not yet encountered significant challenges to its validity. We examine the concurrent and discriminant validity of the CBCL-PTSD scale. Participants included 63 non-clinic-referred sexually abused (SA) children, 60 non-SA psychiatric outpatient children, and 61 non-SA, non-clinic-referred schoolchildren. Results revealed questionable concurrent validity for this scale, and suggest poor discriminant validity between SA children and non-SA psychiatric outpatients.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20297168
Record 48 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: [Dissociative disorders: from Janet to DSM-IV]
AUTHOR: Nakatani,-Y
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tsukuba.
SOURCE: Seishin-Shinkeigaku-Zasshi. 2000; 102(1): 1-12
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0033-2658
LANGUAGE: Japanese; Non-English
ABSTRACT: I reviewed the literature on dissociation and dissociative disorders from Pierre Janet to DSM-IV, and examined the current trends in research. Janet's theory on hysteria is multifaceted, and is based on three psychological models. Based on a hierarchical model, Janet related hysteric symptoms to the activities within the lower strata of mental hierarchy (automatisms psychologiques), which were demonstrably shown in somnambulism. A second model was based on the concept of a psychological system, which was hypothetically composed of ideas, images, feelings, sensations, and movements. According to this model, dissociation of psychological functions was fundamental to the mechanism of hysteria: loss of integration was thought to engender fixed ideas (ideas fixes) and to lead to the development of a system totally isolated from the whole personality system. Janet also attempted to explain various mental disorders using an economic model. He referred to a loss of equilibration between psychological force and psychological tension. Thus, an unexpected emotional experience was conceived to cause a consumption of reserved psychological force, which was in turn followed by exhaustion associated with hysteric symptoms. Whereas most current researchers regard Janet as the first to study psychological trauma as a principal cause of dissociation, I feel it is important to note that he also emphasized the role of stigmata, i.e., permanent traits of hysteric patients, which were represented as a suggestibility and a tendency toward a narrowing of the consciousness field. Discussion about dissociation and its relation to trauma all but disappeared after Janet. However, during the Second World War and post-war period, some psychiatrists began to pay attention to two emerging phenomena: a high incidence of dissociative symptoms such as fugue and amnesia among combatants, and traumatic neurosis frequently observed among ex-inmates of concentration camps. In the 1970s, interest in dissociation and trauma was revived in different areas: the feminism movement was linked with concerns about child sexual abuse, public curiosity about multiple personalities was heightened by novels and movies, and recognition of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Vietnam War veterans. In 1980, dissociative disorders were finally adopted as a diagnostic category in the official nomenclature of DSM-III. Although current research on dissociation is being carried out in various fields, two basic assumptions, reflected in the definition of DSM-IV, can be made. One is the "trauma-genic hypothesis," and the other is the great importance attached to multiple personality disorder (MPD). According to the predominantly held view, dissociation represents a reaction to early traumatic experience, especially sexual and physical abuse in childhood. In contrast, some authors argue that the causality of childhood traumatic experience has not been empirically confirmed, and other factors such as the influence of the environment and the predisposition of patients should be taken into consideration. MPD, which was originally described as an unusual phenomenon in classical literature, is currently thought to be a common type of dissociation. However, the reported rapid increase in the number of MPD patients in North America may be partially due to over-diagnosis and inclusion of iatrogenic cases. Significance is also given to MPD in respect to classification of dissociative phenomena. According to the widely held scheme of a "dissociative continuum," which ranges from normal experiences such as daydreams to pathological states, MPD is placed at the extreme end of the continuum. Furthermore, most researchers tend to classify MPD as the severest dissociative disorder due to chronic trauma. On this point, there seems to be confusion about "extremity" and "severity" of MPD. I conclude that the trauma-genic hypothesis of dissociation and the overemphasis placed on MPD should be reexamin
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20271179
Record 49 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: Predicting posttraumatic stress after hospitalization for pediatric injury.
AUTHOR: Daviss,-W-B; Mooney,-D; Racusin,-R; Ford,-J-D; Fleischer,-A; McHugo,-G-J
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756-0001, USA. William.B.Daviss@dartmouth.edu
SOURCE: J-Am-Acad-Child-Adolesc-Psychiatry. 2000 May; 39(5): 576-83
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0890-8567
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children after hospitalizations for accidental injuries. METHOD: Forty-eight children (aged 7-17 years) and their parents were assessed during hospitalization with measures of children's prior traumatization, prior psychopathology, injury severity, parental acute distress, and child acute distress. At outpatient follow-up at least 1 month later, children were evaluated for current PTSD diagnosis and PTSD symptomatology (PTSDS) by a child structured interview and for PTSDS by a parent questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 12.5% had the full syndrome of PTSD at follow-up, and an additional 16.7% had partial (sub-syndromal) PTSD. Full PTSD was associated with a higher level of prior psychopathology, higher parental acute distress, and higher rates of prior sexual abuse, compared with partial or no PTSD. Prior psychopathology, parental distress, and, to a lesser extent, children's acute distress as reported by parents and breadth of prior traumatization, predicted subsequent PTSDS. CONCLUSIONS: Full or partial PTSD is relatively common in youths 1 month or more after hospitalization for injuries. Parents' acute distress as well as children's prior psychopathology, prior traumatization, and acute distress may be useful predictors of such injured children's subsequent PTSD or PTSDS.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20262320
Record 50 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: Cognitive interference for trauma cues in sexually abused adolescent girls with posttraumatic stress disorder.
AUTHOR: Freeman,-J-B; Beck,-J-G
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Child and Family Psychiatry, Providence, RI 02903, USA. jennifer_freeman@brown.edu
SOURCE: J-Clin-Child-Psychol. 2000 Jun; 29(2): 245-56
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0047-228X
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Investigated cognitive processing of fear-relevant information in sexually abused adolescent girls with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using a modified Stroop procedure (MSP). Participants were 20 sexually abused girls with PTSD, 13 sexually abused girls without PTSD, and 20 nonvictimized girls who served as controls, 11 to 17 years old. Word conditions included abuse-related threat, developmentally relevant (related to the experience of sexual abuse, e.g., trust, secrecy, and intimacy), general threat, positive, and neutral. Girls with PTSD were expected to show cognitive interference for trauma-related words as well as for developmentally relevant words, relative to adolescents without PTSD. Overall color naming was significantly slower in the PTSD group than in the nonabused controls. Contrary to expectation, all participants demonstrated cognitive interference for trauma-related words. Relevant theoretical and methodological issues are highlighted.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20262178
Record 51 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: differential diagnosis in childhood sexual abuse.
AUTHOR: Weinstein,-D; Staffelbach,-D; Biaggio,-M
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Pacific University, Portland, OR, USA. weinsted@pacificu.edu
SOURCE: Clin-Psychol-Rev. 2000 Apr; 20(3): 359-78
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0272-7358
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the most commonly diagnosed disorders in sexually abused children (SAC). There is a high degree of symptom overlap and comorbidity between these disorders, and differential diagnosis can be confusing. Current diagnostic criteria do not include PTSD as a differential diagnosis for ADHD, nor do existing assessment guidelines address these diagnostic similarities. This may have serious implications for SAC. This literature review describes the psychological impact of child sexual abuse and possible consequences for misdiagnosing ADHD in SAC. A comparison of criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for ADHD and PTSD is presented, and commonalities are discussed. On the basis of this comparison, recommendations are made for improving clinical decision-making and for facilitating differential diagnosis. Routine inquiry about traumatic experiences in children presenting with ADHD symptoms is suggested to increase accuracy in differential diagnosis.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20242171
Record 52 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: Anger, dissociation, and posttraumatic stress disorder among female assault victims.
AUTHOR: Feeny,-N-C; Zoellner,-L-A; Foa,-E-B
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA. feeny@mail.med.upenn.edu
SOURCE: J-Trauma-Stress. 2000 Jan; 13(1): 89-100
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0894-9867
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: The goal of the present study was to explore the relationship between anger and dissociation and their relationship to symptoms of post-trauma pathology. One hundred four female assault victims were assessed prospectively 2, 4, and 12 weeks post-assault. Measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity, social functioning, anger, and dissociation were obtained at all assessments. Results revealed that differentiation between symptoms that predict later PTSD and impaired social functioning first becomes evident at 4 weeks post-assault. At 4 weeks post-assault, anger expression was predictive of later PTSD severity, whereas dissociation was predictive of poorer later functioning.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20224242
Record 53 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: Relations between coercive strategies and MMPI-2 scale elevations among women survivors of childhood sexual abuse.
AUTHOR: Lucenko,-B-A; Gold,-S-N; Elhai,-J-D; Russo,-S-A; Swingle,-J-M
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33314, USA.
SOURCE: J-Trauma-Stress. 2000 Jan; 13(1): 169-77
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0894-9867
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: The relationship between coercion strategies used by perpetrators of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and elevations of CSA survivors on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) was investigated. Participants were 151 women survivors of CSA in outpatient treatment at a university-based community mental health center. Scores on the MMPI-2 clinical scales and the Keane posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scale were examined. Main effects were found for promised or received rewards on several clinical scales and the PTSD scale of the MMPI-2, independent of the presence of force. Specifically, the presence of such rewards was associated with significantly higher levels of symptomatology on Paranoia (Pa), Psychasthenia (Pt), Schizophrenia (Sc), and PTSD (Pk). There were no main or interaction effects noted for the presence of actual or threatened force on any of the scales.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20224247
Record 54 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: A comparative study of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence in epilepsy patients and psychogenic nonepileptic seizure patients.
AUTHOR: Rosenberg,-H-J; Rosenberg,-S-D; Williamson,-P-D; Wolford,-G-L 2nd
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756-0001, USA.
SOURCE: Epilepsia. 2000 Apr; 41(4): 447-52
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0013-9580
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: PURPOSE: This study tests the hypothesis that trauma histories, including histories of physical and sexual abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more prevalent in psychogenic non-epileptic seizure (NES) patients than in epilepsy patients. METHODS: Thirty-five inpatients with intractable seizures were evaluated for trauma history and PTSD. After these assessments, patients were diagnosed as having either epileptic or nonepileptic seizures through EEG monitoring. RESULTS: NES diagnosis correlated with PTSD and total number of lifetime traumas, adult traumas, and abuse traumas. Contrary to previous hypotheses, reported childhood sexual abuse (CSA) did not correlate significantly with NES diagnosis. However, CSA predicted PTSD in a discriminant analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We found evidence for the hypothesized relations between trauma, abuse, PTSD, and NES diagnosis. However, elevated levels in both seizure-disorder groups suggest that routine assessment for abuse, trauma, and PTSD might facilitate medical care and treatment for all intractable seizure patients.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20221326
Record 55 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: Predicting PTSD symptoms in victims of violent crime: the role of shame, anger, and childhood abuse.
AUTHOR: Andrews,-B; Brewin,-C-R; Rose,-S; Kirk,-M
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, England. b.andrews@rhbnc.ac.uk
SOURCE: J-Abnorm-Psychol. 2000 Feb; 109(1): 69-73
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0021-843X
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: To examine the role of cognitive-affective appraisals and childhood abuse as predictors of crime-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, 157 victims of violent crime were interviewed within 1 month post-crime and 6 months later. Measures within 1 month post-crime included previous physical and sexual abuse in childhood and responses to the current crime, including shame and anger with self and others. When all variables were considered together, shame and anger with others were the only independent predictors of PTSD symptoms at 1 month, and shame was the only independent predictor of PTSD symptoms at 6 months when 1-month symptoms were controlled. The results suggest that both shame and anger play an important role in the phenomenology of crime-related PTSD and that shame makes a contribution to the subsequent course of symptoms. The findings are also consistent with previous evidence for the role of shame as a mediator between childhood abuse and adult psychopathology.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20205110
Record 56 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: Prior interpersonal trauma: the contribution to current PTSD symptoms in female rape victims.
AUTHOR: Nishith,-P; Mechanic,-M-B; Resick,-P-A
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-St. Louis 63121, USA. pnishith@umsl.edu
SOURCE: J-Abnorm-Psychol. 2000 Feb; 109(1): 20-5
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0021-843X
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: The purpose of the current study was to disentangle the relationship of childhood sexual abuse and childhood physical abuse from prior adult sexual and physical victimization in predicting current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in recent rape victims. The participants were a community sample of 117 adult rape victims assessed within 1 month of a recent index rape for a history of child sexual abuse, child physical abuse, other adult sexual and physical victimization, and current PTSD symptoms. Results from path analyses showed that a history of child sexual abuse seems to increase vulnerability for adult sexual and physical victimization and appears to contribute to current PTSD symptoms within the cumulative context of other adult trauma.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20205105
Record 57 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: Texture response patterns associated with sexual trauma of childhood and adult onset: developmental and recovered memory implications.
AUTHOR: Leavitt,-F
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA.
SOURCE: Child-Abuse-Negl. 2000 Feb; 24(2): 251-7
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0145-2134
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: Reduce texture sensitivity on the Rorschach is proposed as a sequela of early sexual abuse that is unlikely to be contaminated by situational variables. If this conceptualization has merit, texture attributes offer a roadmap for studying vying claims in the recovered memory debate. To explore this possibility, we examined the extent to which intense preoccupation with sexual trauma of childhood and of adult onset was related to reduced texture productivity. METHOD: Texture productivity was measured in 4 groups comprised of 108 patients using the Rorschach. Twenty-seven patients with recovered memory were compared with 27 patients with continuous memory of childhood sexual trauma, 27 post trauma stress patients with sexual trauma of adult onset, and 27 non-abused patients. RESULTS: The study replicated previous findings of reduced texture productivity among patients who always remembered sexual trauma of childhood-onset. The same texture deficiency pattern was observed among patients who recovered memory of childhood sexual abuse. This pattern was not observed in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients intensely preoccupied with sexual trauma of adult onset despite the fact that they mimicked the recovered memory group in respect to enduring preoccupation with distressing thoughts of sexual abuse. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that intrusive memories of sexual trauma do not shape patients' response to textural cues on the Rorschach. Variations in texture productivity are primarily moderated by age of trauma onset. Dismissal of claims of recovered memories on the basis of intense sexual preoccupation is not warranted.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20158066
Record 58 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part B
TITLE: Neurologic soft signs in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.
AUTHOR: Gurvits,-T-V; Gilbertson,-M-W; Lasko,-N-B; Tarhan,-A-S; Simeon,-D; Macklin,-M-L; Orr,-S-P; Pitman,-R-K
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Manchester, NH, USA.
SOURCE: Arch-Gen-Psychiatry. 2000 Feb; 57(2): 181-6
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0003-990X
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Subtle neurologic impairment has been reported in several mental disorders. The goals of the present study were to evaluate neurologic status in patients of both sexes with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from different traumatic experiences. METHODS: Twenty-one adult women who were sexually abused as children (12 with PTSD, 9 without) and 38 male Vietnam War combat veterans (23 with PTSD, 15 without) underwent examination for 41 neurologic soft signs, which were scored by the examiner as well as a blind rater observing videotapes. Subject history was obtained with special attention to neurodevelopmental problems. Psychometrics included the Wender Utah Rating Scale for symptoms of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test. Veterans also completed the Combat Exposure Scale and subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. RESULTS: Average neurologic soft sign scores (interrater reliability = 0.74) of women with PTSD owing to sexual abuse in childhood (mean [SD], 0.77 [0.32]) and veteran men (0.72 [0.20]) with combat-related PTSD were comparable and significantly (P<.001) higher than those of women sexually abused as children (0.42 [0.10]) and combat veteran men (0.43 [0.17]) without PTSD. This effect could not be explained by a history of alcoholism or head injury. Subjects with PTSD reported more neurodevelopmental problems and more childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and had lower IQs, all of which were significantly correlated with neurologic soft signs. CONCLUSION: Neurologic compromise is evident from subject history and findings from physical examination in both women and men with chronic PTSD who had experienced different kinds of traumatic events in childhood and adulthood.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20127387
Record 59 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: False memories in women with self-reported childhood sexual abuse: an empirical study.
AUTHOR: Bremner,-J-D; Shobe,-K-K; Kihlstrom,-J-F
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.
SOURCE: Psychol-Sci. 2000 Jul; 11(4): 333-7
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0956-7976
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Although controversy exists about the validity of memories of childhood abuse, little is known about memory function in individuals reporting childhood abuse. This study assessed memories for previously presented words, including the capacity for false memory of critical lures not actually present in the word list, in 63 subjects, including abused women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), abused women without PTSD, and men and women without abuse or PTSD. Abused women with PTSD had a higher frequency of false recognition memory of critical lures (95%) than abused women without PTSD (78%), nonabused women without PTSD (79%), or nonabused men without PTSD (86%). PTSD women also showed poorer memory for studied words and increased insertions of non-studied words other than critical lures. These findings are consistent with a broad range of memory alterations in abused women with PTSD.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 21120473
Record 60 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: Posttraumatic stress symptomatology and cancer.
AUTHOR: Neel,-M-L
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Loyola College, Maryland, USA. mlneel@loyola.edu
SOURCE: Int-J-Emerg-Ment-Health. 2000 Spring; 2(2): 85-94
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1522-4821
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: The extant nosological formulations of the American Psychiatric Association denotes that Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) maybe predicated upon some life threatening experience. Historically, combat, robbery, rape, and serious accidents have been included as traumatogenetic stressors. Only recently has life-threatening illness been considered as a traumatogenetic stressor. This paper reviews the relativity between cancer and posttraumatic stress.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 21122892
Record 61 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: Posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: a review and analysis.
AUTHOR: Davis,-L; Siegel,-L-J
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
SOURCE: Clin-Child-Fam-Psychol-Rev. 2000 Sep; 3(3): 135-54
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1096-4037
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Only recently has the mental health community recognized the applicability of diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents, including a consideration of specific age-related features. This paper provides a current review of the literature on PTSD pertaining to children and adolescents. Following a discussion of issues on diagnostic criteria and assessment of this affective disorder in this population, there is an overview of the existing literature on prevalence, comorbidity, risk factors, parental and family factors, and issues of gender and age of onset. The remainder of the paper focuses on the range of traumatic stressors in children and adolescents that can result in PTSD, including natural or human disasters, war and violence, chronic or life-threatening medical conditions, community violence and the witnessing of traumatic events, and physical and/ or sexual abuse and other forms of interpersonal violence. Throughout the paper, there is an emphasis on the importance of considering developmental factors. Finally, implications of the existing literature for future areas of research are addressed.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 21117393
Record 62 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: Child maltreatment, other trauma exposure, and posttraumatic symptomatology among children with oppositional defiant and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.
AUTHOR: Ford,-J-D; Racusin,-R; Ellis,-C-G; Daviss,-W-B; Reiser,-J; Fleischer,-A; Thomas,-J
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Center for the Study of High Utilizers of Health Care, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, USA.
SOURCE: Child-Maltreat. 2000 Aug; 5(3): 205-17
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1077-5595
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Consecutive child psychiatric outpatient admissions with disruptive behavior or adjustment disorders were assessed by validated instruments for trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and other psychopathology. Four reliably diagnosed groups were defined in a retrospective case-control design: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), comorbid ADHD-ODD, and adjustment disorder controls. ODD and (although to a lesser extent) ADHD were associated with a history of physical or sexual maltreatment. PTSD symptoms were most severe if (a) ADHD and maltreatment co-occurred or (b) ODD and accident/illness trauma co-occurred. The association between ODD and PTSD Criterion D (hyperarousal/hypervigilance) symptoms remained after controlling for overlapping symptoms, but the association of ADHD with PTSD symptoms was largely due to an overlapping symptom. These findings suggest that screening for maltreatment, other trauma, and PTSD symptoms may enhance prevention, treatment, and research concerning childhood disruptive behavior disorders.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 21123088
Record 63 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: The revictimization of child sexual abuse survivors: an examination of the adjustment of college women with child sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, and adult physical abuse.
AUTHOR: Messman-Moore,-T-L; Long,-P-J; Siegfried,-N-J
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Oklahoma State University, USA.
SOURCE: Child-Maltreat. 2000 Feb; 5(1): 18-27
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1077-5595
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with greater vulnerability to victimization in adulthood. Such experiences may have a cumulative effect. This study compared the adjustment of 633 women experiencing revictimization, multiple adult victimizations, single adult victimization, CSA only, or no victimization. Somatization, depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology were examined. Results support the cumulative effect of trauma but do not indicate differential effects for child to adult revictimization. Women with revictimization and multiple adult assaults reported more difficulties compared to women with only one form of adult abuse or no victimization. Women with CSA only reported similar symptoms as revictimized women and women with multiple adult assaults reported higher levels of distress than nonabused women and appeared somewhat more likely to experience anxiety and PTSD-related symptoms as compared to women with only adult abuse. Women with adult assault only and no abuse reported similar levels of distress.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 21122747
Record 64 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: Predictors of secondary trauma in sexual assault trauma counselors.
AUTHOR: Ghahramanlou,-M; Brodbeck,-C
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, USA.
SOURCE: Int-J-Emerg-Ment-Health. 2000 Fall; 2(4): 229-40
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1522-4821
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: This study evaluated psychological distress, secondary trauma intensity, and specific components of secondary trauma in 89 sexual assault trauma counselors (SATC). Results indicated that some SATC were experiencing secondary trauma based on measures of psychological distress and PTSD-like symptoms. The study also examined whether personal trauma history, greater counseling experience, emergency room work as primary client contact type, counseling satisfaction levels, and demographic variables significantly predicted self-reported psychological distress and PTSD-like symptoms. Results supported the hypothesis that personal trauma history and younger age significantly predicted self-reported psychological distress. Results also supported hypotheses that personal trauma history, younger counselor age, and lower counseling satisfaction levels significantly predicted higher levels of secondary trauma intensity. Contrary to prediction, exposure to trauma survivors, emergency room work as primary client contact type, and education did not significantly predict psychological distress or secondary trauma intensity. Findings were robust even when SATC currently in psychotherapy or taking medication were conservatively excluded in follow-up analyses. Research and training implications are discussed [International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 2000, 2(4), 229-240).
ACCESSION NUMBER: 21086168
Record 65 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: The relationship between trauma, PTSD, and medical utilization in three high risk medical populations.
AUTHOR: Rosenberg,-H-J; Rosenberg,-S-D; Wolford,-G-L 2nd; Manganiello,-P-D; Brunette,-M-F; Boynton,-R-A
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Dartmouth Medical School and the The National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Lebanon, NH, USA.
SOURCE: Int-J-Psychiatry-Med. 2000; 30(3): 247-59
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0091-2174
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: Increased use of medical and psychiatric services has been reported as a correlate of exposure to trauma. Recent studies suggest that: 1) physical and sexual abuse traumas are particularly associated with increased utilization and 2) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a common sequela of abuse, mediates the relationship between trauma exposure andelevated utilization. The goal of this study was to explore the relationships between trauma, abuse, PTSD, and medical utilization in three medical help seeking groups reported to be at high risk for trauma exposure. METHOD: One hundred and seven patients receiving care at a university-affiliated medical center were surveyed for trauma history and PTSD using the Trauma History Questionnaire (THQ) and the PTSD Checklist (PCL). The sample included: forty-eight gynecologic outpatients, thirty-five inpatients with seizure disorders, and twenty-four psychiatric inpatients with non-PTSD admitting diagnoses. Medical utilization data were obtained from a computerized medical center data base. RESULTS: Ninety-six patients reported a trauma history. Of these patients, sixty-six reported abuse and forty-five qualified for PTSD diagnoses. Total number of traumas and reported sexual and physical abuse correlated significantly with elevated medical utilization and PTSD prevalence. PTSD diagnosis was not significantly correlated with utilization, but the five highest utilizers received PTSD diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Study results supported hypotheses regarding the relation of trauma exposure to medical utilization, but were less clear about the mediating role of PTSD. These findings suggest that routine screening of high-risk patient groups might promote timely identification of trauma history and PTSD, and subsequently impact health care utilization.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 21077342
Record 66 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: PTSD severity and health perceptions in female victims of sexual assault.
AUTHOR: Zoellner,-L-A; Goodwin,-M-L; Foa,-E-B
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Medical College of Pennsylvania Hahnemann University, USA. zoellner@mail.med.upenn.edu
SOURCE: J-Trauma-Stress. 2000 Oct; 13(4): 635-49
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0894-9867
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: In women with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), poor physical health may be related to their PTSD symptoms through an underlying negative affect or distress that accompanies the disorder, through the PTSD symptoms in general, or specifically through the chronic hyperarousal present in the disorder. The current study examined the relative contribution of these factors to reported physical symptoms in female victims of sexual assault. Seventy-six women with chronic PTSD were assessed, using measures of stressful life events, psychological difficulties, and perceived health. Negative life events, anger, depression, and PTSD severity were all related to self-reported physical symptoms; however, PTSD severity predicted self-reported physical symptoms beyond these other variables. Contrary to our hypothesis, the reexperiencing cluster of PTSD, and not the hyperarousal cluster, was related to self-reported physical symptoms.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20561472
Record 67 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: Clinical presentations of posttraumatic stress disorder across trauma populations: a comparison of MMPI-2 profiles of combat veterans and adult survivors of child sexual abuse.
AUTHOR: Elhai,-J-D; Frueh,-B-C; Gold,-P-B; Gold,-S-N; Hamner,-M-B
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA.
SOURCE: J-Nerv-Ment-Dis. 2000 Oct; 188(10): 708-13
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0022-3018
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: This investigation examined differences in symptom patterns of two different trauma samples using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). MMPI-2s of 122 male combat veterans seeking outpatient treatment for combat-related PTSD were compared with those of 64 PTSD-diagnosed adults seeking outpatient treatment for the effects of child sexual abuse (CSA). We examined variables related to degree of health concerns, depression, somatization, anger and hostility, masculine-feminine traits, paranoid ideation, anxiety, difficulties thinking and concentrating, elevated mood, and social introversion, as well as test-taking attitude. MANOVAs revealed between-group differences on several variables. However, when analyses controlled for the effect of age, nearly all differences disappeared; the only remaining difference was in a scale measuring anger. Thus, it appears CSA survivors and combat veterans are much more similar than different in their clinical presentation on the MMPI-2. Conceptual issues in the assessment of PTSD are discussed.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20500316
Record 68 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: Associations among symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder and self-reported health in sexually assaulted women.
AUTHOR: Clum,-G-A; Calhoun,-K-S; Kimerling,-R
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Center for Trauma Recovery, University of Missouri, St. Louis 63121-4499, USA.
SOURCE: J-Nerv-Ment-Dis. 2000 Oct; 188(10): 671-8
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0022-3018
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were examined for their association with health status in a sample of sexual assault victims. Hypotheses were that symptoms of each disorder would account for unique variance in health status among individuals exposed to traumatic stressors. Fifty-seven sexually assaulted college women were assessed for prior victimization history, assault characteristics, and depressive and PTSD symptoms. When prior history of sexual victimization, assault severity, and physical reactions during the assault were controlled, hierarchical multiple regression models indicated that symptoms of PTSD and depression were significantly associated with global health perceptions and severity of self-reported health symptoms. Only PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with reproductive health symptoms. The results suggest that both symptoms of PTSD and depression account for the relationship between exposure and health impairment among sexual assault victims.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20500311
Record 69 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: Development and preliminary psychometric properties of an instrument for the measurement of childhood trauma: the Early Trauma Inventory.
AUTHOR: Bremner,-J-D; Vermetten,-E; Mazure,-C-M
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
SOURCE: Depress-Anxiety. 2000; 12(1): 1-12
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 1091-4269
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Research on the effects of childhood trauma has been limited by the lack of a comprehensive, reliable, and valid instrument that assesses the occurrence of early traumatic experiences. This paper presents the development and preliminary psychometric properties of an instrument, the Early Trauma Inventory (ETI), for the assessment of reported childhood trauma. The clinician-administered ETI is a 56-item interview for the assessment of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, as well as general traumatic experience (including items which range from parental loss to natural disaster). For each item of the ETI, frequency of abuse/trauma by developmental stage, onset and termination of abuse/trauma, perpetrator of the abuse/trauma, and impact on the individual are assessed. Initial analyses indicate acceptable inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency for the ETI. Comparisons between the ETI and other instruments for the assessment of trauma, as well as instruments for the measurement of symptoms related to abuse, such as dissociation and PTSD, demonstrated good convergent validity. Validity was also demonstrated based on the ability of the ETI to discriminate patients with PTSD from comparison subjects. Based on these findings, the ETI appears to be a reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of reported childhood trauma.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20454553
Record 70 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: Prevalence of sexual abuse history in a sample of women seeking treatment for premenstrual syndrome.
AUTHOR: Golding,-J-M; Taylor,-D-L; Menard,-L; King,-M-J
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0646, USA.
SOURCE: J-Psychosom-Obstet-Gynaecol. 2000 Jun; 21(2): 69-80
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0167-482X
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the prevalence and correlates of sexual abuse history among women seeking treatment for severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Of 77 women participating in a randomized clinical trial of non-pharmacological treatments for severe PMS, 42 were interviewed regarding their sexual abuse history. The interviewed women were a mean of 38 years old, and most were of European ancestry, heterosexual, married, employed and well-educated. At least one attempted or completed sexual abuse event was reported by 95% of the women, with 81% reporting completed penetration against their will and 85% of these sustaining physical threat or harm. Compared to prior studies of sexually abused women in general populations, these women were abused earlier in life, more frequently and by similar types of offenders. Most of the abused women (65%) were estimated to have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Most abused women (83%) had never disclosed the abuse to a health practitioner. The findings suggest that a history of sexual abuse, particularly in childhood or adolescence, may be extremely common among women seeking treatment for severe PMS, and that substantial undiagnosed PTSD may also be present in this population. Implications for patient screening and treatment are discussed.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20449632
Record 71 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: A comparison of posttraumatic stress disorder with and without borderline personality disorder among women with a history of childhood sexual abuse: etiological and clinical characteristics.
AUTHOR: Heffernan,-K; Cloitre,-M
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
SOURCE: J-Nerv-Ment-Dis. 2000 Sep; 188(9): 589-95
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0022-3018
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: The overlap in definition and presentation between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) has raised questions about the relationship of these disorders. Are they separate disorders, variants of the same disorder, or comorbid conditions? The present study examined etiological variables and current functioning among two groups of outpatient women with a history of childhood sexual abuse: those with PTSD only (N = 45) and those with PTSD and BPD (N = 26). The groups did not differ in severity, frequency, or number of perpetrators of their childhood sexual abuse, or whether the perpetrator was a family member or not. The additional diagnosis of BPD was associated with earlier age of abuse onset and significantly higher rates of physical and verbal abuse by mother. Severity and frequency of PTSD symptoms were not affected by BPD diagnosis, suggesting that the personality disorder and PTSD are independent symptom constructs. The PTSD+BPD group scored higher on several other clinical measures including anger, dissociation, anxiety, and interpersonal problems. They did not differ in their frequency of use of mental health services but tended to be less compliant in their treatment. These and other findings are discussed, and implications for treatment are considered.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20462856
Record 72 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: why and how it works.
AUTHOR: Basco,-M-R; Glickman,-M; Weatherford,-P; Ryser,-N
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Division of Psychology, USA. MBASCO@msn.com
SOURCE: Bull-Menninger-Clin. 2000 Summer; 64(3 Suppl A): A52-70
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0025-9284
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been found to be effective in the treatment of anxiety disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is a gap, however, between reports of controlled clinical trials and actual clinical use of the methods of CBT in general medical and psychiatric settings. While psychiatric medications are commonly the first line of treatment, pharmacotherapy may not completely eradicate symptomatology or may have a delayed effectiveness, during which time patients continue to suffer. Cognitive and behavioral interventions can complement, if not replace, pharmacotherapy for relief of symptoms of OCD and PTSD. This article explains how CBT works in the treatment of OCD and PTSD. Basic instructions for implementing these treatment methods are provided.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20457620
Record 73 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: Drinking away the hurt: the nature and prevalence of PTSD in substance abuse patients attending a community-based treatment program.
AUTHOR: Bonin,-M-F; Norton,-G-R; Asmundson,-G-J; Dicurzio,-S; Pidlubney,-S
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: University of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. mbonin@reginahealth.sk.ca
SOURCE: J-Behav-Ther-Exp-Psychiatry. 2000 Mar; 31(1): 55-66
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0005-7916
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was evaluated in 91 participants attending a community-based substance abuse program. The participants were classified as having PTSD, possible PTSD, or no PTSD using the modified PTSD symptom scale (MPSS; Falsetti, Resnick, H. S., Resnick, P. A. & Kilpatrick, 1993). These groups were then compared on measures of anxiety, depression, and fear using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), and the Fear Questionnaire (FQ). The results showed that 52.8% of participants had either PTSD (37.4%) or possible PTSD (15.4%). Findings also showed that those with PTSD experienced more potentially traumatic events (e.g., rape, being beaten-up) compared to the possible PTSD and no PTSD participants. The PTSD group also reported significantly greater scores on the ASI, BAI, and BDI than did the no PTSD group, and greater scores on the ASI and BAI than did the possible PTSD group. Further, when using a discriminant function analysis, self-report measures correctly classified 70% of the PTSD group and 80% of a composite group of possible PTSD and no PTSD participants. Implications of these results are discussed.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20437041
Record 74 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: Posttraumatic stress disorder, dissociation, and trauma exposure in depressed and nondepressed veterans.
AUTHOR: Wilkeson,-A; Lambert,-M-T; Petty,-F
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Veterans Health Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas 75216, USA.
SOURCE: J-Nerv-Ment-Dis. 2000 Aug; 188(8): 505-9
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0022-3018
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Increasing evidence indicates that exposure to traumatic events predisposes individuals to depressive symptoms as well as to emotional and psychophysiological symptoms covered under the diagnostic criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma exposure history and PTSD symptoms would, therefore, be expected to be more common in a depressed population than in a nondepressed group. To examine the association between trauma exposure (trauma load), dissociation, and depression, we administered clinical interviews and an assessment package derived from existing instruments (including the Dissociative Experiences Scale; DES) to 101 veteran patients with histories of clinically significant depression and a comparison group of 49 medical patients with no history of depression. The depression group had experienced significantly higher numbers of traumatic incidents, had higher average DES scores, and more frequently met diagnostic criteria for PTSD. The findings support the argument for a causal or predisposing effect of trauma in the expression of clinically significant depression.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20426418
Record 75 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: Exploring the roles of emotional numbing, depression, and dissociation in PTSD.
AUTHOR: Feeny,-N-C; Zoellner,-L-A; Fitzgibbons,-L-A; Foa,-E-B
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Psychiatry Department, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA. feeny@mail.med.upenn.edu
SOURCE: J-Trauma-Stress. 2000 Jul; 13(3): 489-98
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0894-9867
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: Some researchers consider emotional numbing a cardinal feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Others view numbing symptoms as representing an overlap between PTSD, depression, and dissociation. In this study, we examined the ability of early emotional numbing, depression, and dissociation symptoms to predict PTSD. One-hundred sixty-one women who were recent victims of sexual or nonsexual assault were assessed prospectively for 12 weeks. Emotional numbing, depression, and dissociation were each associated with initial PTSD severity. Notably, regression analyses revealed that after depression and dissociation were accounted for, early numbing contributed to the prediction of later PTSD.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20404289
Record 76 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: A student-directed community project to support sexually abused women veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder.
AUTHOR: Wing,-D-M; Oertle,-J-R; Cabioc,-A-R; Evans,-C-M; Smith,-D-J; Stangeby,-B-L
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: University of Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
SOURCE: Public-Health-Nurs. 2000 Jul-Aug; 17(4): 239-46
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0737-1209
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: While awareness of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sexual abuse continues to grow, it has only been during the past few years that the military has realized the prevalence and impact of sexual abuse inflicted upon women while on active military duty. Though Veteran Administration (VA) agencies throughout the United States have given concerted attention to this problem, published resources specific to PTSD and military sexual abuse have been limited. In this article the authors present the results of a 2(1/2)-year endeavor to address the problem of PTSD and military sexual abuse at the Tulsa VA Outpatient Clinic. The project started with a research study and the subsequent initiation of a PTSD women veterans support group, and culminated in the development of resource manuals for both professional staff and women veterans.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20397687
Record 77 of 193 in MEDLINE(R) on CD 2000 Part A
TITLE: Which comes first in the pathogenesis of bulimia nervosa: dieting or bingeing?
AUTHOR: Brewerton,-T-D; Dansky,-B-S; Kilpatrick,-D-G; O'Neil,-P-M
ADDRESS OF AUTHOR: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
SOURCE: Int-J-Eat-Disord. 2000 Nov; 28(3): 259-64
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER: 0276-3478
LANGUAGE: English
ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: Clinical experience has indicated that dieting usually precedes the onset of binge eating in the development of bulimia nervosa (BN). However, data confirming this in nonclinical, representative samples are lacking. METHOD: Using results obtained from the National Women's Study (NWS), we were able to determine the chronological relationship between age of onset of significant dieting (attempting to lose 15 lbs) and onset of bingeing in 85 respondents who met DSM-III-R criteria for BN. These respondents were a subset of over 3,000 female adult U.S. women who completed a random telephone interview (averaging 40 min and including screenings for rape, sexual molestation, aggravated assault, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], and BN). RESULTS: We found that the age of first serious attempt to diet preceded the age of first binge in 46% of cases. There were no significant differences in histories of victimization experiences among the groups. First binge preceded first serious diet in 37% of cases, and these behaviors occurred during the same age in 17% of cases. DISCUSSION: These data confirm that dieting is more likely to precede binge eating, although binge eating precedes significant dieting in a substantial proportion of bulimic respondents. Copyright 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ACCESSION NUMBER: 20402253