2 Some cats and tigers show an exception to the crossing rule; but such animals are also cross-eyed, their perception evidently seeking to correct the flaw in their anatomy. Some time after I originally wrote these passages, a group from Utah published evidence indicating that in monkeys the fovea, or center of the macula, in their words may "generate 2-3 degrees of bilateral representation..." (see Leventhal, et al Science vol. 240 p. 66 ff, 1988.) Although based on tracer techniques (HRP), the monkey data do not explain away the problems created by the findings of Halstead et al for humans (Arch. Ophthal. vol 24, pp 948-966, 1940). Indeed, the authors cited didn't even discuss (let alone explain) the classic Halstead observation.
3 See Kimura, 1973; also see Galaburda et al., 1978. Methods such a MRI and PET scanning have been applied noninvasively to the study of the living brain, in particular to putative sex differences in hemispheric variations in language. (see Shaywitz et al, Nature vol. 373 p. 607 ff, 1995.)
4 See Saul and Sperry, 1968.
5 See Blakemore and Cooper, 1970.
6 See Pietsch and Schneider, 1969.
7 Humans exhibit this general trend, as do other animals. I am not suggesting, however, that the survival of long-term memory in laboratory animals automatically justifies shock therapy. Many variables and uncertainties exist in ECS treatment.
8 See Atkinson and Shiffrin, 1971.
9 See Pettigrew and Konishi, 1976.
10 See Penfield, 1975.
11 See Lashley's article "The Problem of Cerebral Organization in Vision." 1971, p. 21.
12 With temperature and pressure held constant, the rate of a chemical reaction is proportionate to the concentration of reacting substances.
[13] See Barttlett and John, 1973. Also, John has published a highly readable account of his research in Psychology Today, May 1976.