| Concept | Explanation & Example |
| Onset - Rime Analogies | Uses patterns in known words to identify unfamiliar words (Example: bat to batter) |
| Phonemic Awareness | Matches similar medial sounds in short words (Examples: bed, men, pet, red) |
| Segments and blends phonemes in short words (Example: /s/i/p/=sip) | |
| Phonics | Consonant Sounds (Examples: m, t, s, f, d, r, g (hard), l, h, c (hard), b, n, k, v, w, j, p, y, z, qu, x) |
| Short vowel sounds (Examples: a, e, o, i, u [single syllable phonics]) | |
| Endings (Examples: ing, er, s, ed) | |
| Consonant digraphs (Examples: ch, sh, th, wh) | |
| Ending consonant digraphs (Examples: -ng, -ck, -nk, -ch) | |
| Blending & segmentation (Examples: CVC, CVCC, CCVC, CCVCC) | |
| Long vowel pattern [VCfinalE] (Examples: a=made; i=hide; o=robe; u=cute; e=Pete) | |
| Beginning
consonant blends (Examples: bl, cl, fl, gl, sl, and cr, pr, br, fr, gr, and dr, tr, st, sc, sk, sp, sm, sn, sw, tw) |
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| Long vowel pattern (CVVC) (Examples: a=maid; o=boat; e=meat) | |
| Consonant
endings (Examples: -nd,-nt, -mp,-ft,-st [single syllable phonics]) |
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| Structural analysis | Compound words, some contractions (Examples: handbook, seaside; can't, don't) |
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