Robert Jackall's MORAL MAZES

Study Guide


Index to key stories

 Story #

  Key figure
 1 President Smith and President Brown (25-32)
 2 Patterson's demise (67-70).
 3 replacing the gigantic battery (81-82)
 4 Green and the photo chemical price bobble (86).
 5 Weavers personal gain vs. loom maintenance (94-5).
 6 Young and Noll (96)
 7 White, auditory engineer (101)
 8 Accountant Brady discovers offshore bribery payments(105)
 9 nuclear engineer Wilson (112)
10 Tucker:dealing with defective dyed apparel fabrics. (127)
11 Tucker & the workers exposed to carcinogenic substances. (131)
12 Covenant CEO deals with a carcinogenic meat-preservative(195)

Chapter:

Introduction
 PAGE #s Assigned for Class: Topics and key questions considered; study question(s).
 3-6  01B Why Jackall did the research described. What was his particular angle on this topic?
Chapter 1: 

Moral Probations:Old and New
 7-13 not assigned The original Protestant (work) Ethic, soon stripped of its religious origins, then mutated by modern urban society and further transformed by bureaucratization. The difference between a 'pure form' of bureaucracy (Weberian) and actual bureaucratic practice. He will study the moral dilemmas of managerial work. Note the first mention of an important concept: PATRIMONIAL BUREAUCRACY (11.2-.3). What dominates here: classical Weberian or patrimonial bureaucracy or...?
 13-16  01B Lessons from just gaining research access to corporations. How he came to study "Weft" and Covenant (Alchemy,Inc). How were his difficulties gaining access a prelude to his later findings?  
Chapter 2:

 The Social Structure of Managerial Work
17-25  03B Hierarchical authority structures: partly decentralized -- detailed responsibility, blame pushed down, but also centralized -- power and credit for success claimed above. The gossip and 'cognitive maps' in the court of the CEO. Notice the 'monocratic and patrimonial character of business bureaucracy. Just how impersonal IS managerial authority here?
25-32  04A An illustration of the preceding material in story #1: the political struggles amidst the rise and fall of Presidents Smith and Brown under the same Alchemy, Inc CEO. Note the first appearance of a key concept: "Milking assets" (29.3). What are the codes of corporate politics and management behavior that are (sometimes) observed here?[28.2,29.2.31.1].
32-33 In brief, Weft illustrates a similar saga.
33-35 What are his three highlights of the 'basic structures and experiences of managerial work?
36-40 The 'ideology' of thorough decentralization' seeks to obscure the underlying centralization of power. The resulting suppression of open conflict, replaced by 'socially accepted modes of waging combat.' (37.3). Circles of affiliation (alliances). Why would Jackall describe the manager's life as an 'endless round of 'probationary crucibles.'
 Chapter 3

 The Main Chance
41-46 03A Once hired, what it takes to move up. from real competence to perceptions of competence. Is it hard work or 'fealty' and alliances?
46-49 Face work and other 'small probations'' ; loss of control an issue.
49-56 05B The norms and main dimensions of team play. What are they?
56-61 Not Assigned Having style, projecting an image, standing out (or not) from others.
61-65  05B Having a (key concept): patron. Combinations of social skill and performance (hitting your numbers). Limitations of a bonus system (64). Why this emphasis on political favor and position? (Aren't there objective performance measures for upper managers?)
65-70 Social perceptions (e.g., definitions) and consequences of 'failure' explored. Illustrated in (story #2) Patterson's demise (67-70).
70-75 Causes of manager's sense of uncertainty; bulwarks against. The large role of luck ('right place, right time') and circumstances beyond your control.
Chapter 4:

 Looking Up and Looking Around (LULA)
75-79  06A Decision making (not making). Key distinction between formal or functionally rational decision-criteria and substantive criteria for a decision. "Vocabularies" of rational decisions (talk) vs. underlying (political?) criteria for especially non-routine decisions. Paralysis among decision makers (79).
79-81 06B Two sources of LULA behavior. What are the limits of numerical and analytic decision-making tools? (81).
81-82 Story #3: replacing the gigantic battery in a large coking plant.
82-85 What are the two reasons for thinking short-term rather than long-term? When does a decision actually get made?
85-90 Blame, like failure: a social definition. Diffusion of responsibility (accountability not documented) supports scapegoating the more politically vulnerable. Illustrated by story #4:Green and the photo chemical price bobble (86). What is a CYA operation?
90-95 06B Squeezing or 'milking' assets and other legal ways to manipulate numerical returns, including ROA. Moving quickly so blame falls on your successors (94).Story #5: Weavers personal gain vs. loom maintenance (94-5).
96-100 Story #6: Young and Noll turn from milking assets to a cheap and ultimately disastrous retrofit of a chemical production process. What different assessments of their 'mistake' are possible?
Chapter 5:

 DRAWING LINES
101-105  07A More cases where morality emerges from changing relationships with key persons, alliances, social networks. Premiums placed on 'flexibility'. Story #7: White, auditory engineer. What was more important here than 'independent, morally evaluative judgments about hearing health and safety?
105-112 Professional expertise vs. the social context of bureaucratic management -- Story #8: Accountant Brady discovers offshore bribery payments, doctored invoices and money moved from a pension fund as needed inflate earnings statements and resulting bonus payments. What rules of bureaucratic life did he violate?
112-119 Jackall's notion of 'institutional logic' = experienced of objective norms that support an 'alertness to expediency'. As amply illustrated in story #9: nuclear engineer Wilson working on the cleanup of Three Mile Island. An engineer's process-oriented work standards vs. expedient short-cuts to save time and be practical as well. What aspects of institutional logic did Wilson not grasp, according to his critics? (Notice the role of putting concerns in writing!)
119-123 Not assigned. General rules of ethics vs. pragmatic adjustments: management draws its own lines.
124-127 Not assigned. Start bottom of 123: "A manager who responds... Three ways (124,127,127 bottom) in which bureaucratic organization supports the rationalization of decisions that keep managers non-accountable

127-131

131-133

Not assigned. As illustrated in the two stories (#10,#11) told by Tucker.#10: dealing with defective dyed apparel fabrics. #11: the workers exposed to carcinogenic substances. What did Tucker's do in each story to dispose of these problems. How did he follow institutional logic so well, unlike Wilson, White and others?
Chapter 8

 Invitations to Jeopardy
191-194 07A How does modern bureaucratic life as portrayed above differ from the premises of the original Protestant work ethic?
195-200 Three recurring dilemmas that managers face, revolving about the meaning of their work: struggle for dominance (195-6), material and symbolic inequalities (196-7); the disconnection of the common good and their self-interests (198-199). Difficulty of agreeing on what 'corporate responsibility' means.Story #12: Covenant CEO deals with a carcinogenic meat-preservative
201-204 The meaningless of work: what about work makes this work or provides some distracting solace