Cryogenic lakes are strong seasonal emitters of methane.

Thermokarst lake methane samples collected from backpackable inflatable.

Greenland ice retreat exposes nascent soil.

Iron oxidizing bacteria dominate bioreactor surface.

Nitrogen cycling is controlled by sediment microbiome.

Root biomass is high above permafrost.

Sampling roots of thermokarst plants is challenging.

Fracture zone methane is sampled using special Honeybee Robotics drill string.