G141 REVIEW:  EARTHQUAKE SECONDARY EFFECTS

Secondary effects of earthquakes

• Scarps, surface rupture
• Landslide
• Mudflow
• Liquefaction
• Ground subsidence
• Changes in wells, springs
• Tsunamis
• Seiches
• Effects on human infrastructure

Tsunami stages

• Initiation
• Split
• Propagation
• Amplification
• Run-up