|
|
8-30-10: Property Creation by Regulation: Rights to Clean Air and Rights to Pollute
Presented by Professor Daniel Cole, R. Bruce Townsend Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law - Indianapolis, and Affiliated Faculty, Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, IUB
Chair: Professor Michael McGinnis, Workshop Director and Professor of Political Science, IUB
9-13-10: Linking the Precautionary Principle to Polycentricity: Investigating Climate Change Adaptation in Agricultural Water Agencies
Presented by Dr. Insa Theesfeld, Assistant Professor, Department of External Environment for Agriculture and Policy Analysis, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO), Halle (Saale), Germany
9-15-10: Kada's Title: "Ecosystem Changes in Satoyama-Satoumi and Expected 'New Commons' in Contemporary Japan"; Sarker's Title: "Coping with the Tragedy of 'Underuse' Commons"
Presented by Professor Ryohei Kada, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, and Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan; and Dr. Ashutosh Sarker, Associate Professor, Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan
9-20-10: Do NGOs Undermine State Legitimacy in Africa? Evidence from Kenya
Presented by Dr. Jennifer Brass, Assistant Professor, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, IUB
9-22-10: Costly Punishment Prevails in Intergroup Conflict
Presented by Lauri Sääksvuori, PhD Candidate, International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS), Max Planck Institute of Economics, Jena, Germany
9-24-10: Lincoln and Tocqueville on Democratic Leadership and Self-Interest Properly Understood
Presented by Dr. Brian Danoff, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH
9-27-10: Overview of Collective-Action and Exchange: A Game-Theoretic Approach to Contemporary Political Economy
Presented by Professor William Ferguson, Department of Economics, Grinnell College, Iowa
9-29-10: The Cost of Coercion for Decision Outcome Satisfaction and Institutional Choice: Towards Social-Psychological Principles of Self-Governance
Presented by Dr. Daniel A. DeCaro, PhD Cognitive and Social Psychology, Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
10-4-10: The Ecological Economics of Sustainability: Moving Beyond Debate to Dialogue and Problem-Solving
Presented by Robert Costanza, University Professor of Sustainability and Director, Center for Sustainable Processes and Practices (CSP2), Portland State University, Oregon
10-6-10: Commons, Common Sense, and Community Collaboration in Hard Times
Presented by Gustavo Esteva Figueroa, Leading Environmental Activist and Author in Mexico and founder of the Universidad de la Tierra (University of the Earth), Oaxaca, Mexico, and Professor Madhu Suri Prakash, Educational Theory and Policy, College of Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
10-11-10: The Puzzles and Potentialities behind China’s Miracle: The Meaning of Ostroms’ Contribution
Presented by Professor MAO Shoulong, Executive Dean, Academy of Public Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing
10-13-10: Institutions for Conserving Vaquita Marina
Presented by Sara Ávila, PhD in Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City; and Visiting Student, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, NJ
10-15-10: The Frontiers of Thought
Presented by Professor Giuseppe Mazzotta, Chair and Sterling Professor of Humanities for Italian, Department of Italian, Yale University New Haven, CT
10-15-10: Marginality Imposed and Embraced, Understood and Interpreted: The Case of Ernest Gellner
Presented by Professor John A. Hall, Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada
Presented by Dr. Ulrich Frey, Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Giessen, Germany; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
Presented by Dr. Bryan Bruns, Sociologist, Independent Consultant, Santa Rosa Beach, FL
10-25-10: Tradeoffs, Unidirectionalities and Power: Moving from Collective Action to Governance in India's Forests
Presented by Dr. Sharachchandra (Sharad) Lélé, Senior Fellow, Centre for Environment & Development, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India
10-27-10: The Choice of Agents: Pro-Government Militias, the Monopoly of Violence and Civilian Wellbeing
Presented by Professor Neil Mitchell, Sixth Century Chair, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
10-29-10: Interpreting a Correspondence: The Case of Tocqueville
Presented by Professor Françoise Mélonio, Professor of Literature, University of Paris-IV-Sorbonne
11-1-10: Municipal-School Border Congruency and the Coordination of Education Inputs: Evidence from Ohio School Financing and Class Size
Presented by Dr. Justin Ross, Assistant Professor, Public Finance and Economics, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, IUB
11-3-10: Power and Conflict in the Contested Commons: A Model and Application to Uluabat Lake, Turkey
Presented by Ceren Soylu, PhD, University of Siena, and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
11-8-10: The Dark Side of Finance
Presented by Dr. Utpal Bhattacharya, Associate Professor, Department of Finance, Kelley School of Business, IUB, and Visiting Associate Professor of Finance, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business
11-10-10: Health Information Exchange in the Midwest: Along the Path to Health Care Innovation
Presented by Dr. Todd Rowland MD, and Executive Director, HealthLINC, Bloomington, IN
11-15-10: The Complexity of Financial Goods and Governance
Presented by Travis Selmier, Co-Director of the Investment Management Academy, and Visiting Clinical Assistant Professor, Kelley School of Business, IUB
11-17-10: Policy Persistence and the Political Economy of the Electricity-Irrigation Conundrum in Indian Agriculture: An Analytic Historical Account
Presented by Christian Kimmich, Doctoral Candidate, Humboldt University in Berlin, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Division of Resource Economics, Berlin, Germany; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
11-22-10: Sustainability: Conceptually Mapping the Search for an Intergenerational Moral Order
Presented by Dr. Edmund Stazyk, Assistant Professor, School of Public Affairs, Department of Public Administration and Policy, American University, Washington, DC
11-22-10: The Minnowbrook Process: What Have We Learned?
Keynote by Professor H. George Frederickson, Edwin O. Stene Distinguished Professor of Public Administration, Department of Public Administration, University of Kansas, Lawrence
11-29-10: The DURAMAZ Project: Developing an Indicator System for Assessing the Impacts of Sustainable Development Experiments in the Brazilian Amazon
Presented by Dr. François-Michel Le Tourneau, Research Fellow, National Center for Scientific Research, Université Paris III Sorbonne Nouvelle
12-6-10: Bi-National Bonds and Strategic Infrastructure in the U.S.-Mexico Border: Is There a Case for Regulatory Harmonization?
Presented by Dr. Salvador Espinosa, Assistant Professor, School of Public Affairs, San Diego State University, CA, and Affiliated Faculty, Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, IUB
12-8-10: Determining the Willingness-To-Change Natural Resource Exploitation: Field Evidence from a Fishnet Exchange Program
Presented by Carina Cavalcanti, PhD Candidate, Professorship of Environmental Policy and Economics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB; and Andreas Leibbrandt, Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Economics, University of Chicago, and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
12-10-10: Do Competitive Workplaces Deter Female Workers? A Large-Scale Natural Field Experiment on Gender Differences in Job-Entry Decisions
Presented by Andreas Leibbrandt, Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Economics, University of Chicago, and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
PROPERTY CREATION BY REGULATION: RIGHTS TO CLEAN AIR AND RIGHTS TO POLLUTE
Presented by Professor Daniel Cole, R. Bruce Townsend Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law - Indianapolis, and Affiliated Faculty, Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, IUB blog
Abstract: “Naïve” theories of property rights simplistically focus almost exclusively on individual private property, neglecting both public property and common property systems. Under those theories, environmental and other regulations are treated as nothing more than government impositions on existing private property rights. They are, of course, more than that. Regulation not only limits property but protects, vindicates, and sometimes even creates property where property relations were previously underdetermined. This paper explores the oft-neglected property-protecting and –creating functions of environmental regulations in the context of air pollution regulation. After discussing competing common-law conceptions of air ownership, the paper explains how regulations and other acts of sovereignty – for purposes of both civilian aviation and air pollution control – (a) created public property rights in the atmosphere where none previously existed; (b) bounded private property rights in the air; but then (c) expanded limited property rights to pollute by allocating transferable emissions credits. The paper draws analogies to similar acts of property creation through assertions of sovereignty and regulation of coastal fisheries, discusses some implications for “Regulatory Taking” theory, and finally concludes with a call for more serious study of the empirics and theory of public property (res publicae).
BIO: Dan Cole is the R. Bruce Townsend Professor of Law at the Indiana University School of Law at Indianapolis, where he teaches and writes about Property, Natural Resources Law, Environmental Protection, and Law & Economics. He also writes extensively about Poland and Polish law. Professor Cole is the author of six books and nearly 40 articles, book chapters, and essays. His book Instituting Environmental Protection: From Red to Green in Poland (Macmillan and St. Martin’s, 1998) received the prestigious AAASS/Orbis Polish Book Prize in 1999. His more recent books include: Pollution and Property: Comparing Ownership Institutions for Environmental Protection (Cambridge University Press, 2002), which was recently published in Chinese translation by Peking University Press; The End of a Natural Monopoly: Electric Utility Deregulation in the United States (JAI Press, 2003) (co-edited with Peter Z. Grossman); Principles of Law and Economics (Prentice-Hall 2004) (co-authored with Peter Z. Grossman); and Natural Resources Law (West 2006) (co-authored with Jan Laitos, Sandra Zellmer and Mary Woods). Professor Cole is a Life Member of Clare Hall (College for Advanced Study), Cambridge, and has served as a Visiting Scholar in the Faculties of Law and Land Economy at the University of Cambridge. He was also the John S. Lehmann Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law at Washington University in St. Louis in 2001.
Paper: Social Science Research Network
ROUNDTABLE
Chaired by Chair: Professor Michael McGinnis, Workshop Director and Professor of Political Science, IUB
Summary: The Roundtable session will be an opportunity for our colleagues and students to become acquainted with this year's Workshop Visiting Scholars, including the research they will be conducting while in residence this year.
LINKING THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE TO POLYCENTRICITY: INVESTIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN AGRICULTURAL WATER AGENCIES
Presented by Dr. Insa Theesfeld, Assistant Professor, Department of External Environment for Agriculture and Policy Analysis, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO), Halle (Saale), Germany
Abstract: It is becoming apparent that with the immergence of climate change, adaptation in the governance of the agricultural water sector is of great importance (IPCC 2007). Thus, efforts to re-orientate institutional initiatives in agricultural water agencies are observed. This paper aims to supplement the vast amount of analytical work on adaptation to cli-mate change with empirical material about innovative institutional approaches, describ-ing the types of political, governmental and organizational solutions that can be found in the agricultural water sector, particularly within water agencies. In that, I refer to the state of Brandenburg in Germany, the Ebro River Basin in Spain, and the state of California in the US. In sum, we find similar trends in all countries studied towards integrated solutions, such as interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-agency working groups. There are various horizontal collaborations, but more recently vertical collaboration comes into play. Both are necessary when taking the precautionary principle into account, which in turn the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change requires of its parties. Empirical material shows that the difference between anticipatory/planned and reactive/autonomous adaptation depends on the administrative scale addressed. The more we talk about national government actors, the closer we are to anticipatory/planned adaptation. As far as initiatives at the local scale are concerned, the adaptation moves towards a reactive/autonomous one. We observe adaptation which does not constitute a conscious response to climatic stimuli alone, but is triggered by a multitude of factors. A first review of the various drivers of institutional change shows, that in local bottom-up initiatives the importance of experienced ecological disasters is higher. Dealing with institutional changes at higher administrative levels, drivers such as climate change scenarios and international political obligations become more obvious. Other rather hampering factors include the existing social institutions within organizations, such as bureaucratic inertia and path dependencies. After presenting the empirical basis and summing up the observed trends in institutional climate change adaptation, I will discuss my hypothesis on classifying the drivers of institutional change in relation to administrative scale involved. The question arises which role the precautionary principle has to play for adaptation due to the irreversible and severe foreseen effects of climate change. In that respect, I will pose the question which duties the higher level administrative bodies and general-purpose governments should fulfill and how this is linked to a polycentric governance system.
BIO: Dr. Insa Theesfeld is an agricultural economist, specialized in institutional economics and resource economics. She received her doctorate degree from Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany. Besides her strong methodological interest in institutional and policy analysis, her focus is on natural resource management particularly water resource management in Central and Eastern Europe. She is currently an assistant professor at the Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe, where she is leading the research focus “Institutions and Natural Resource Management.”
Kada's Title: ECOSYSTEM CHANGES IN SATOYAMA-SATOUMI AND EXPECTED 'NEW COMMONS' IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN
Sarker's title: COPING WITH THE TRAGEDY OF 'UNDERUSED' COMMONSPresented by Professor Ryohei Kada, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, and Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan, and Dr. Ashutosh Sarker, Associate Professor, Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan
Kada's Abstract: Satoyama, which includes a variety of ecosystems along with human settlements, is generally found in rural areas in Japan, and has been developed and maintained through prolonged interaction between humans and ecosystems (UNU-IAS, 2010). This concept of satoumi includes the interaction in marine and coastal ecosystems and has similar functions and interactive mechanisms to satoyama. While both satoyama and satoumi possess numerous significant values, providing material and non-material services contributing to human well-being. However, a variety of factors including increased rural-urban migration, land-use conversion, abandonment of cultivation activities, trade, and advancement of science and technology are causing extensive degradation and loss of satoyama and satoumi, while depopulation and the aging structure have resulted in poor resource management in such rural or coastal communities. Many of social relationships have changed dramatically, too. Japanese people today do not recognize or even know the origins of ecosystem services they utilize. This itself is the change in and weakened social relations The Sub-global Assessment of Satoyama and Satoumi in Japan (Japan SGA) was launched in 2007 to assess the ecosystem services derived from satoyama and satoumi and to provide the scientific base for actions to be taken towards the conservation and sustainable management of them. It applies the conceptual framework developed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA). During the process of the Satoyama and Satoumi SGA, the new form of resource management unit (“New Commons”) is pointed out, while people are expecting new roles by satoyama and satoumi, under the strong pressures of resource losses or quality degradation. Market-based, new form of economic mechanism such as payment for ecosystem services could better be adopted. As an example, ecotourism (green tourism) can be expanded utilizing with better quality of ecosystem services in satoyama and satoumi.
BIOS
Dr. Ryohei Kada is currently Professor at Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, and the Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Japan. During 2001and 2004, he served as Policy Research Coordinator at the Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (PRIMAFF), Japan. He also serves also as Professor at the University of United Nations (UNU-IAS). He has a nearly 25-year-long career in research and teaching at the Graduate School of Kyoto University, where he taught agricultural and environmental economics and international food policy. His past teaching career includes teaching at Kasetsart University in Thailand and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Receiving B.S. and M.S. degrees in agricultural economics from Kyoto University, he obtained a Ph.D. degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1978. He has published numerous academic papers, articles and books and attended a number of international conferences and seminars as a guest speaker or advisor.
Ashutosh Sarker is Associate Professor from Yokohama National University, Japan. His research and teaching interests are in the field of environmental and natural resource management. His research areas include political economy, public administration, public policy, and governance within diverse contexts of developed and developing nations. He published articles on issues of common-pool resources management in Society and Natural Resources, Ecological Economics, Human Ecology, Water Policy, and Agricultural Water Management. He received his Ph.D. from Niigata University, Japan and worked for the University of British Columbia (Canada) and the University of Queensland (Australia).
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
Monday, September 20, 2010
DO NGOs UNDERMINE STATE LEGITIMACY IN AFRICA? EVIDENCE FROM KENYA
Presented by Dr. Jennifer Brass Assistant Professor, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, IUB
Abstract: According to theories of African politics, African states predicate their legitimacy on the promise of distributing services to the populace. This paper questions whether the organizational origins of these services matters, looking specifically at the intervention of NGOs in service provision. Does the introduction of largely foreign-funded organizations interrupt the flow of legitimacy from citizen to state? The literatures on NGOs and service provision in Africa suggest that it does. Government legitimacy is undermined as NGOs call for democracy, accountability and rule of law, thereby developing active civil society in opposition to the state. And it happens as Africans compare responsive, generous, transparent and participatory NGOs to their less effective government. This paper analyzes these broad claims in one country, Kenya. Based on over 100 interviews and two 500-person surveys, I find that NGOs are considered legitimate, often more so than their government counterparts. Yet at the same time, appreciation for NGOs does not translate to distaste for government. In Kenya, there is little evidence of NGOs threatening the government as a new legitimate authority. Indeed, in my findings, NGO presence either bolsters the way people view their state, or has seemingly little effect. Several mechanisms are presented to explain this finding.
BIO: Jennifer N. Brass is an Assistant Professor in the School of Public and Environmental Affairs. Her current research examines the impact of the non-governmental organizations on service provision, governance, and state-society relations in Kenya. She has also written about the “resource curse,” livestock policy, and economic development in the Horn of Africa. Jennifer studied for her PhD in Political Science at the University of California, Berkeley.
COSTLY PUNISHMENT PREVAILS IN INTERGROUP CONFLICT
Presented by Lauri Sääksvuori, PhD Candidate, International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS), Max Planck Institute of Economics, Jena, Germany
Abstract: Understanding how societies resolve conflicts between individual and common interests remains one of the most fundamental issues across disciplines. The observation that humans readily incur costs to sanction uncooperative individuals without tangible individual benefits has attracted considerable attention as the reason why cooperative behaviors might evolve. This argument is often underpinned by the conjecture that individually costly punishment could have evolved as a group-beneficial trait increasing the success of a punishing group. However, several studies over the last decade employing experimental designs with independent groups have found evidence that the costs of punishment often nullify the benefits of increased cooperation}, rendering the strong human tendency to punish a thorny evolutionary puzzle. Here we show that in a direct intergroup conflict individuals belonging to a group with punishment opportunity prevail over individuals in groups without this opportunity. In addition to competitive superiority, punishment reduces within-group variation in success, creating circumstances that are highly favorable for the evolution of accompanying group-functional behaviors. Costly punishment sustains efficacious collective action even when both groups have the opportunity to punish, whereas cooperation breaks down under analogous conditions when neither of the groups have this opportunity. We find that group conflict evokes qualitative differences in individual punishment behavior compared to a situation without group conflict, and that the individual willingness to engage in costly punishment increases with tightening competitive pressure between groups. The results suggest the importance of intergroup conflict behind the emergence of costly punishment and human cooperation.
BIO: Lauri Sääksvuori is a PhD candidate in economics at the Max Planck Institute of Economics, Germany. He applies experimental methods to study individual and group behaviors in problems of collective action as well as neurobiological origins of human cooperation.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
LINCOLN AND TOCQUEVILLE ON DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP AND SELF-INTEREST PROPERLY UNDERSTOOD
Presented by Dr. Brian Danoff, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH
Abstract: In certain respects, Abraham Lincoln’s words and deeds help to confirm the wisdom of Tocqueville’s ideas on the role of leadership in a democracy. But in other respects, Lincoln’s thought exposes the weaknesses and limitations of Tocqueville’s understanding of democratic leadership. Both Tocqueville and Lincoln believed that the task of leadership was to elevate and educate the citizenry. In order to accomplish this ask, they believed that leaders should rely largely – but not exclusively – on what Tocqueville called the doctrine of self-interest properly understood. Lincoln differed from Tocqueville, however, insofar as Lincoln suggested that leaders in a democracy must remain close to the people’s fundamental values and aspirations. Lincoln was such an effective democratic leader in large part because he simultaneously critiqued and embraced those aspects of the American character which worried Tocqueville. Unlike Lincoln, Tocqueville usually failed to recognize the element of mutuality which effective democratic leadership requires.
BIO: Brian Danoff (PhD, Rutgers; MA, New School for New Social Research; BA, U.C. Santa Cruz) is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. He is the author of Educating Democracy: Alexis de Tocqueville and Leadership in America (SUNY Press, 2010). He is also co-editor of the forthcoming volume, Alexis de Tocqueville and the Art of Democratic Statesmanship (Lexington Books). His articles on modern political theory and American political thought have appeared in such journals as The Review of Politics, Presidential Studies Quarterly, and Perspectives on Political Science. In his recent book, Educating Democracy: Alexis de Tocqueville and Leadership in America, Danoff argues that the best way to think through the problem of democratic leadership in America is through Tocqueville. Whereas many contemporary scholars of leadership and statesmanship focus on the “effectiveness” of leaders or on the superior qualities of character possessed by outstanding statesmen, Tocqueville suggests that great democratic leaders are those who educate, elevate, and empower their fellow citizens. Tocqueville thus reveals that certain kinds of leadership can enhance rather than diminish democratic self-rule. While Danoff finds considerable value in Tocqueville’s ideas on democratic leadership, he does not treat these ideas as definitive or final. He use Tocqueville’s ideas on leadership to set the terms of debate, but then demonstrates that the ideas of certain American thinker-statesmen – including the Antifederalists, Abraham Lincoln, and Woodrow Wilson – can be used to contest, build on, and sometimes improve upon Tocqueville’s understanding of leadership. Throughout the book, Danoff aims not only to shed new light on Tocqueville, but also to provide an important new perspective on the place of leadership in American political thought and in democratic theory.
Co-Sponsors:
Tocqueville Program and Workshop
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
OVERVIEW OF COLLECTIVE-ACTION AND EXCHANGE: A GAME-THEORETIC APPROACH TO CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL ECONOMY
Presented by Professor William Ferguson, Department of Economics, Grinnell College, IA
Abstract: My book, Collective-Action and Exchange: a Game-Theoretic Approach to Contemporary Political Economy (in the process of being written for Stanford University Press), argues that that an ability to resolve collective-action problems rests at the foundation of economic development. Because collective action-problems underlie both market success and market failure, understanding them critically informs policy analysis. Using collective-action as a unifying concept, along with a predominantly game-theoretic approach—classical and evolutionary, complemented somewhat with agent-based modeling—this book develops comprehensive modeling foundations for a contemporary approach to political economy. In so doing, it strives to unify a broad range of cutting-edge theoretical developments including those from new institutional theory, information economics, behavioral economics, and network theory. More specifically, these conceptual developments address asymmetric information, exercises of power by second and third parties, reciprocal motivation, social preference, the nature of rationality, social norms, formal institutions, relationships between second and third-party enforcement, as well as social, political, and economic networks, the conduct of policy, and prospects for economic development. A flexible game-theoretic approach facilitates drawing connections among these diverse concepts. This book is meant to offer an inclusive political-economy text, aimed at advanced undergraduates (who understand game theory) and graduate students in related social sciences. My Sept. 27 Workshop talk will present an overview of the book with some emphasis on reciprocity and social norms.
BIO: William Ferguson is a Professor of Economics and Policy Studies at Grinnell College and Secretary-Treasurer of the Midwest Economics Association. He earned his B.A. in History, at Grinnell College in 1975. In 1976, he moved to Seattle Washington where he worked for six years as a neighborhood community organizer on neighborhood and utility issues. He earned his Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst in 1989. He has taught at Grinnell College since August 1989 where he recently led a successful effort to create an interdisciplinary Policy Studies Concentration. His teaching ranges from macroeconomic analysis to labor economics, British economic policy (taught in London), statistics, policy analysis, applied game theory, and political economy. Most of his past research has concerned implicit bargaining power in employment relationships. More recently, he has branched out to game-theoretic political economy. Recent papers concern updating the undergraduate economics curriculum, a game-theoretic model on social stigma and the transmission of HIV, and the financial crisis as a collective-action problem. He is currently working on a book, Collective-Action and Exchange: A Game-Theoretic Approach to Contemporary Political Economy, for Stanford University Press. He hopes to discuss this book with workshop participants.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
THE COST OF COERCION FOR DECISION OUTCOME SATISFACTION AND INSTITUTIONAL CHOICE: TOWARDS SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF SELF-GOVERNANCE
Presented by Dr. Daniel A. DeCaro, PhD Cognitive and Social Psychology, Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB (ddecaro@indiana.edu)
Abstract: A lack of social-psychological understanding has been identified as one of the greatest obstacles to sustainable natural resource conservation and as crucial to overcome in next-generation policy analysis more generally. For instance, one reason that conservation programs and other social-reforms falter is due to a failure to garner long-term support from stakeholders in the presence of economic constraints. The present talk introduces the concepts of fundamental social-psychological human needs (motivations) and the autonomy-supportive environment—a participatory democracy social context having four critical elements—as a general framework for thinking about, and researching, the problem of sustainability, and institutional policy more generally, from a social-psychological standpoint. Conceptualizing sustainability in terms of stakeholder’s psychological support of an institution, I overview both laboratory and field research demonstrating the critical role that such fundamental social-psychological needs as the desire for self-determination and procedural justice (fair decision-making procedures) play in individuals’ choice behavior (e.g., to support or reject an institution) and in their motivational reactions to institutional outcomes. The emergence of sustainable self-governance, it seems, is a natural consequence of the desire for fundamental need satisfaction, and the implications of this insight for models of sustainability and institutional analysis are potentially far-reaching.
BIO: Daniel A. DeCaro is a post-doctoral visiting scholar at the Workshop here at Indiana University, Bloomington (August 2010-August 2011). As a cognitive scientist trained also in social psychology (i.e., experimental social cognition), Daniel specializes in the laboratory- and field-based study of individual- and group-level motivation and decision-making processes in institutional settings. In particular, his research investigates the role that social-psychological motives (e.g., desire for self-determination) and the perceived fairness of institutional administrative processes (i.e., procedural justice) play in individuals’ and groups’ motivational and decisional reactions to institutional policy. The primary goals of his research are to (1) develop a comprehensive behavioral choice theory grounded in a view of humans as economic and social beings and to (2) apply such a view to institutional analysis and policy design. At the Workshop, Daniel hopes to engage in novel laboratory and field research examining the role that social-psychological motives play in stakeholders’ willingness to voluntarily supply and maintain institutional policies. He also hopes to draw on the collective knowledge of the Workshop to identify opportunities to synthesize psychology, political science, economics and other fields for the study and application of participatory, community-based solutions to common-pool resource dilemmas.
Background Reading
DeCaro, Daniel, and Michael Stokes (2008)
Social-Psychological Principles of Community-Based Conservation and Conservancy Motivation: Attaining Goals within an Autonomy-Supportive Environment
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
THE ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS OF SUSTAINABILITY: MOVING BEYOND DEBATE TO DIALOGUE AND PROBLEM-SOLVING
Abstract: Practical problem solving in complex, human dominated ecosystems requires the integration of three elements: (1) creation of a shared vision of both how the world works and how we would like the world to be; (2) analysis and modeling appropriate to the vision; and (3) new institutions for implementation appropriate to the vision. Ecological economics seeks to reintegrate the study of humans and the rest of nature in order to create a world that is ecologically sustainable, socially fair, and economically efficient. Topics covered include: the emerging vision of a sustainable and desirable human presence in the biosphere, indicators of well-being in ecological and economic systems, the appropriate balance between built, human, natural, and social capital, the dynamics and value of ecosystem services, integrated ecological economic modeling, new social institutions, new media (i.e., www.thesolutionsjournal.org), and incentives for positive change.
BIO: Robert Costanza joined Portland State University in September 2010. He leads the Institute for Sustainable Solutions (ISS), the hub for interdisciplinary research, teaching, and engagement in sustainability at Portland State University. The Institute administers the ten-year, $25 million challenge grant for sustainability made by the James F. and Marion L. Miller Foundation to PSU in September 2008. Co-Sponsors:
Costanza will build on efforts already underway at PSU to establish the University as an international leader in teaching, research and partnerships related to sustainable communities.
Costanza's research has focused on the interface between ecological and economic systems, particularly at larger temporal and spatial scales. This includes landscape-level spatial simulation modeling; analysis of energy and material flows through economic and ecological systems; valuation of ecosystem services, biodiversity, and natural capital; and the analysis and correction of dysfunctional incentive systems.
He is the author or co-author of over 400 scientific papers and 20 books; and his work has been cited in more than 5,000 scientific articles. Reports on his work have appeared in several outlets including Newsweek, Time, The Economist, The New York Times, Science, Nature, National Geographic, and National Public Radio.
Costanza is editor-in-chief and co-founder (along with Paul Hawken, David Orr and John Todd) of the new journal Solutions (www.thesolutionsjournal.org).
Themester Lecture
See also: Themester Program
Panel Discussion: Toward a 3rd Millennium Economy
Robert Costanza will be joined by City of Bloomington Councilman and Peak Oil Task Force leader Dave Rollo and Peak Oil Task Force members Gary Charbonneau, Peter Bane, and Christine Glaser. Moderated by Associate Professor of Biology Heather Reynolds.
Panelists will engage in discussion of how our economic systems - including our local economies - need to adapt in order to achieve prosperity on a finite planet. Questions from the audience will be welcome.
Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Department of Biology, Liberal Arts and Management Program, City of Bloomington Common Council, Department of Economics, College of Arts and Sciences
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
COMMONS, COMMON SENSE, AND COMMUNITY COLLABORATION IN HARD TIMES
Presented by Gustavo Esteva Figueroa, Leading Environmental Activist and Author in Mexico and founder of the Universidad de la Tierra (University of the Earth), Oaxaca, Mexico, and Professor Madhu Suri Prakash, Educational Theory and Policy, College of Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Abstract: Hard times loom over us. Global fear grows. Geometrically. Instead of falling into denial, with a 'business as usual' attitude, or into the opposite, the apocalyptic randiness of the prophets of doom, however, people at the grassroots are reacting with creativity. The commons are back. Reclaiming them, regenerating them, creating new commons, the people are finding ways to deal with the crisis, expand their dignity, and begin the creation of a whole new world, a world in which many worlds can be embraced.
BIOS
Gustavo Esteva is an independent writer and grassroots activist. An active voice within the “deprofessionalized” segment of the Southern intellectual community, he has been a key figure in founding several Mexican, Latin American, and international NGOs and coalitions. Gustavo is the author of more than 30 books and scores of articles that have made significant contributions to scholarly fields from economics to cultural anthropology, philosophy to education. He writes regularly in La Jornada and other leading Mexican newspapers. An advisor to the Zapatistas in their negotiations with the government, he is a strong advocate of Zapatismo. As a participant in the Popular Assembly of the Peoples of Oaxaca, he has chronicled the people’s uprising and struggles for a radical transformation. In Oaxaca, Gustavo participates in the activities of the Centro de Encuentros y Diálogos Interculturales and Universidad de la Tierra en Oaxaca, of which he is a founding member. Among his recent books: Grassroots Postmodernism (Zed Books 1998), with Madhu S. Prakash; and Celebration of Zapatism (Ediciones 2006).Madhu Suri Prakash and Gustavo Esteva: Escaping education : living as learning within grassroots cultures, New York [etc.]: Peter Lang, 1998 (second edition, 2009)
Gustavo Esteva and Madhu Suri Prakash: Grassroots post-modernism : remaking the soil of cultures, London & New Jersey: Zed Books, 1998
Themester Lecture
See also: Themester Program
Co-Sponsors:
Workshop, Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies, College of Arts and Sciences
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
THE PUZZLES AND POTENTIALITIES BEHIND CHINA’S MIRACLE: THE MEANING OF OSTROMS’ CONTRIBUTION
Presented by Professor MAO Shoulong Executive Dean, Academy of Public Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing
Abstract: Since Deng Xiao-ping’s ascension to power in 1978 and the beginning of the period of reform and opening-up, China’s GDP has grown at an average annual rate of 9.8 percent according to official statistics.
What is more, the rate of growth seems to be accelerating. Official indications are that GDP jumped by 10.2 percent in 2005, by 11.1 percent in 2006, and by 11.4 percent in 2007. Even in the period of global financial crisis, the rate of growth still remains higher than one’s expectation. GDP jumped by 9.6 percent in 2008 and 8.7 percent in 2009. The percent in 2010 is expected as 9.9.
For the western world, property rights, Representative governance, and the Rule of law are key elements for economic growth. But behind China’s miracle, it appears that none of these existed. What happened in China?
What happened in China is the successful governance transition in this period. This presentation will hackle the logic of government reform in China and recent puzzles. As one of Workshoppers in China, I would like to put emphasis on the meaning of Ostroms’ contribution to China’s miracle.
?
BIO: Mao Shoulong received his B.A, Master, and PhD degrees from Beijing University in 1988, 1992 and 1994. After graduation, he joined the faculty of the Department of Public Administration, Renmin University of China and was the Head of the Department. Now he is executive dean of Academe of Public Policy, Renmin University of China based in Beijing. From 2000 to 2001 Mao was a post-doctoral researcher at Indiana University.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
Wednesday, October 13, 2010
INSTITUTIONS FOR CONSERVING VAQUITA MARINA
Presented by Sara Ávila, PhD in Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City; and Visiting Student, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, NJ
Abstract: She will present the problem of the extinction of Vaquita Marina, a charismatic porpoise that lives in the Upper Gulf of California. Vaquitas die in the nets of shrimp fisherman who incidentally catch them. NGO’s and the Mexican Government have committed resources to buy out fishing boats with the aim to reduce bycatch and this way save Vaquita Marina from extinction. This presentation will focus in understanding the drivers of participation (cooperation) in this mechanism. Institutional traits as to be a member of a cooperative; number of boats; as well as information variables are factors that enhance participation.
If time allows, she will present other aspects of the research, mainly addressing the principal agent problem in a repeated game interaction framework.
BIO: Sara is currently a visiting student at Princeton University in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. She is enrolled in the third year of the PhD in environmental economics at UNAM, Mexico. Before that, she worked for ten years in the Mexican Ministry of Environment in the area of Environmental Economics. Her research interests are game theoretic approaches for conservation. She has been interested in topics such as waste management, identification of harmful energy subsidies for the environment, air quality, climate change and management of common pool resources.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
THE FRONTIERS OF THOUGHT
Presented by Professor Giuseppe Mazzotta, Chair and Sterling Professor of Humanities for Italian, Department of Italian, Yale University New Haven, CT
Seminar on "The Anatomy of Marginality" Horizons of Knowledge Lecture Co-Sponsors:
Program
Papers by:
Giuseppe Mazzotta
John A. Hall
Aurelian Craiutu and Costica Bradatan
See also: Tocqueville Program
Horizons of Knowledge, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of French and Italian, Renaissance Studies Program, Department of Political Science, Tocqueville Program, and Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis
MARGINALITY IMPOSED AND EMBRACED, UNDERSTOOD AND INTERPRETED: THE CASE OF ERNEST GELLNER
Presented by Professor John A. Hall, Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada
Seminar on "The Anatomy of Marginality" Horizons of Knowledge Lecture Co-Sponsors:
Program
Papers by:
Giuseppe Mazzotta
John A. Hall
Aurelian Craiutu and Costica Bradatan
See also: Tocqueville Program
Horizons of Knowledge, Institute for Advanced Study, Department of French and Italian, Renaissance Studies Program, Department of Political Science, Tocqueville Program, and Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis
MODELING SUCCESS OF SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Presented by Dr. Ulrich Frey Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, University of Giessen, Germany; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB (coauthor: Hannes Rusch)
Abstract:Possible success factors in CPR-situations have been well researched (Ostrom 2009). Most authors agree on a set of about 30-40 factors like group size or clear boundaries (Agrawal 2001). However, there is no comprehensive model to integrate these factors yet. Difficulties in finding such a model include the incomparability of results, the absence of large-N-studies (Poteete and Ostrom 2008), interdependence of factors and correlational problems (Agrawal and Chhatre 2006). These difficulties can be overcome with a two-fold approach. First, by building up a database from the few existing large-N-databases (e. g. IFPRI, CPR-database Indiana). Second, by analyzing this data through data mining tools like neural networks (NN). NN allow non-linear statistical modeling of complex systems. Furthermore, very few assumptions need to be made a priori about the importance and dependencies of each success factor. Variables like clear boundaries serve as input for the NN and are matched with the output data, that is variables measuring the success of each CPR-system (equity, sustainability). Once the NN has learned how input is related to output in its training phase, it is evaluated by feeding it a data set which it has not dealt with in training. Its predictions for these cases are compared with their actual success. If the NN correctly predicts those results it can then be used on completely new data sets. This allows to build a quantitative and rather precise model. Moreover, every success factor in each case can be manipulated separately yielding different results for the output. This is a fast and inexpensive way to analyze, predict and optimize performance for communities world-wide facing CPR challenges. Existing theoretical frameworks could be improved as well.
BIO: Dr. Ulrich Frey is currently a Postdoc researcher at the University of Giessen, Germany. He has a background in philosophy, cognitive science and evolutionary biology. His interests include the emergence and improvement of cooperation in humans as well as institutional and policy analysis. His research focuses on public goods games on the one hand and CPR-management on the other hand. For more information on his current project, please visit http://www.cooperationresearch.eu/
WORKING WITH INSTITUTIONAL ARTISANS: REENVISIONING PRACTITIONER PARTICIPATION IN COMMONS GOVERNANCE
Presented by Dr. Bryan Bruns, Sociologist, Independent Consultant, Santa Rosa Beach, FL
Abstract: How can or should applied social scientists work with communities seeking to govern shared resources? Concepts of coevolving discursive communities, helping self-help, and citizen problem-solving offer ways of reenvisioning work with institutional artisans. Respectful engagement in institutional artisanship may require rebalancing roles as consultant, teacher, official, or researcher; and rethinking the implications of relationships as peer, partner, advisor, and citizen.
PowerPoint in PDF (1.4 MB)
PowerPoint (98 k)
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
TRADEOFFS, UNIDIRECTIONALITIES AND POWER: MOVING FROM COLLECTIVE ACTION TO GOVERNANCE IN INDIA'S FORESTS
Presented by Dr. Sharachchandra (Sharad) Lélé, Senior Fellow, Centre for Environment & Development, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India
Abstract: The early period of the Commons literature and intellectual movement was focused on debunking Hardin and also rescuing the commons for the local community from an over-bearing state. The latter is particularly true of the forest governance debates in India and south Asia, where the colonial legacy of state takeover and the pre-independence revolts and the post-independence Chipko struggle lent a sharp edge to this problem. The turn to co-management (i.e., JFM) in the early 1990s was supposedly a move towards the Ostromian possibility of self-governing groups, but was implemented in a hybrid style with continued state control on all dimensions (cloaked in sustainability and equity arguments). The complexities that have emerged since then challenge the simple idea of commonly shared interests leading to self-governing groups. These include a) tradeoffs within the local 'community', b) unidirectional impacts of local decisions on off-site stakeholders, and c) the persistent question of power. In this presentation, I shall illustrate these dimensions with examples from empirical work in India, argue that the transitions to be made are as much normative as theoretical, and then share how the theoretical and practical resolutions of these tensions may be possible, using my work in the central government committee on the Forest Rights Act.
BIO: Sharachchandra Lele is a Senior Fellow and Convenor of the Centre for Environment and Development at the Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology & the Environment (ATREE), an academic think-tank in Bangalore, India. Sharad's research interests include conceptual issues in sustainable development and sustainability, and analyses of institutional, economic, ecological, and technological issues in forest, energy, and water resource management. He attempts to incorporate strong interdisciplinarity in his own research and teaching, which straddles ecology, economics, and political science. Currently, Sharad is on sabbatical and is spending 4 months as a Fulbright-Nehru Environmental Leadership Fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford University, and 3 months as a Visiting Fellow at the Centre for South Asian Studies and Department of Geography at University of Cambrige. He is also a member of the central government committee set up to assess the implementation of the Forest Rights Act and to suggest a future role for the forest department.
Background Readings
1. Lele, S. (2009). "Right direction, but long way to go." Current Conservation 2(4): 6-7.
2. Lélé, S. (2004). Beyond State-Community Polarisations and Bogus "Joint"ness: Crafting Institutional Solutions for Resource Management. Globalisation, Poverty and Conflict: A Critical "Development" Reader. M. Spoor. Dordrecht, Boston & London, Kluwer Academic Publishers: 283-303.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
THE CHOICE OF AGENTS: PRO-GOVERNMENT MILITIAS, THE MONOPOLY OF VIOLENCE, AND CIVILIAN WELLBEING
Presented by Professor Neil Mitchell, Sixth Century Chair, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK (coauthor: Sabine Carey, University of Mannheim)
Abstract: Groups such as the Janjaweed in the Sudan and Arkan's Tigers in the former Yugoslavia have been responsible for conflict and severe human rights violations, yet to this point there are no systematic data available on the characteristics and incidence of these groups. This presentation is part of a larger project to develop a database on pro-government militias. The data was collected using electronic searches of primarily media sources across all countries from 1981-2007.
Conflict and human rights research has largely and usefully focused on structural factors reflecting grievances and opportunities such as poverty, natural resources, geographical terrain, regime type, and ethnicity rather than on the agents and their organisations, national and local, that actually carry out the violence. Our focus is the informal groups that fight on the side of governments. What accounts for these groups? Does the presence of a pro-government militia increase the risks for civilians? Previous research in human rights suggests that when faced with armed threats and civil war, governments are more likely to engage in violations. When governments face being held accountable for their actions by withdrawal of public support or international trade and investment, they are more likely to exercise restraint. Little attention has been paid to the question of how repression is organized and how the choice of agent influences human rights. We develop the logic of accountability and examine how delegation to more informal armed groups influences human rights violations. We argue that simple agency loss (can't control) and the opportunity to evade accountability (won't control) increase the risks for civilian populations. The preliminary empirical analysis supports these expectations.
BIO: Neil J. Mitchell was appointed to a Sixth Century Chair at the University of Aberdeen in the Department of Politics and International Relations in 2005. Prior to Aberdeen he was a professor in the political science department at the University of New Mexico. He served as chair of the department for eight years. He received his PhD in Political Science from Indiana University in 1983. His current research interests include non-state actors, human rights and conflict. His books include The Generous Corporation (Yale University Press 1989), The Conspicuous Corporation (University of Michigan Press 1997) and Agents of Atrocity: Leaders, Followers and Violation of Human Rights in Civil Wars (Palgrave-Macmillan, 2004). Fall Guy: Managing the Blame for Abuse and Atrocity (New York University Press) is due out next year.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
INTERPRETING A CORRESPONDENCE: THE CASE OF TOCQUEVILLE
Presented by Professor Françoise Mélonio, Professor of Literature, University of Paris-IV-Sorbonne
Abstract: There has been lately a great interest in the biographies and correspondence of political philosophers. What do they add to our understanding of the ideas of political philosophers? Under what conditions is it permissible to illustrate a philosopher's thought through the publication of private documents which were initially not intended for publication? Where is the fine line located between life and work, private and public? Using private epistolary exchanges or unpublished texts always implies a cost. It may relate a thought too strongly to the political context in which it emerges or to a family tradition to the detriment of the universal impact of the work. Using examples drawn from the publication of Tocqueville's works as well as from his private exchanges published in different editions, including Aurelian Craiutu's publication of Tocqueville's letters on America after 1840, we will discuss important methodological dilemmas traditionally facing historians of ideas when interpreting these private documents.
BIO: Françoise Mélonio, alumnus of the Ecole Normale Supérieure, is Professor of French literature and intellectual history at the Sorbonne, and at Sciences Po in Paris; she is also the dean of the College of Sciences Po. She is the leading Tocqueville scholar in France, and is the scientific director of the edition of Complete Works of Alexis de Tocqueville (30 volumes) published at Gallimard since 1951. She is also a member of the editorial teams for the editions of complete works of Benjamin Constant and Chateaubriand. She has published several books, including Tocqueville and the French, (Virginia University Press, 1998), and a chapter of the Cambridge Companion to Tocqueville (2006); she also co-edited with François Furet the new English translation of The Old Regime and the Revolution (University of Chicago Press, 2 volumes).
Co-sponsors:
Tocqueville Program, Department of Political Science, and Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Bar-Koon Fund (Department of French and Italian), Office of International Affairs, and the Cultural Services of the Consulate General of France in Chicago
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
MUNICIPAL-SCHOOL BORDER CONGRUENCY AND THE COORDINATION OF EDUCATION INPUTS: EVIDENCE FROM OHIO SCHOOL FINANCING AND CLASS SIZE
Presented by Dr. Justin Ross, Assistant Professor, Public Finance and Economics, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, IUB (coauthor: Joshua Hall, Department of Economics and Management, Beloit College, Wisconsin)
Abstract: School district and municipal borders are frequently non-congruous, which scholars have suggested can create coordination conflicts with other overlapping municipal governments. Using GIS data from Ohio school districts, this paper calculates the degree of non-congruence between school district and municipal territory. This new data is used to test these suppositions regarding the effect of municipal-school district border congruency on per pupil expenditures, per pupil revenue, and class size in a simultaneous system of equations. The results indicate that non-congruent borders have no impact on any of these variables, suggesting that school districts manage to overcome these potential coordination problems.
BIO: Justin Ross is an assistant professor of public finance and economics in the School of Public & Environmental Affairs at Indiana University. He has published several papers on both state and local public finance policies. His favorite research topics involve the property tax as part of a long run interest in the "benefit view" versus "new view" debate over the true incidence of the property tax.
POWER AND CONFLICT IN THE CONTESTED COMMONS: A MODEL AND APPLICATION TO ULUABAT LAKE, TURKEY
Presented by Ceren Soylu, PhD, University of Siena, and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
Abstract: Many problems of environmental degradation are adequately captured by standard models of overexploitation of a common pool resource and the failure of those exploiting the resource to avert the "tragedy of the commons." But in some cases, the tragedy is exacerbated by external actors who reduce the commons' capacity for sustainable exploitation. This leads to another collective action problem: how can the resource users cooperate in political actions to provide incentives or constraints inducing the external actors to protect the common pool resource. The model developed in this paper formalizes this second aspect of collective action problem by way of a tri-partite, game theoretical model of conflict. An industry pollutes a lake, reducing income from fishing, and employs fishermen offering them an alternative livelihood, thus, deterring political action by fishermen that would result in state intervention and stricter regulations on the industry. The industry, thus, has the power to shape the incentive structures of fishermen affecting their economic and political activities, while fishermen have the power to constrain the choices of the industry through the threat of political action. The model is based on field research on a specific case — that of Uluabat Lake, Turkey — but it provides a general framework to analyze the specific ways power asymmetries interact with the more commonly studied coordination failures resulting in environmental degradation.
BIO: Ceren Soylu received her PhD in Economics from University of Siena, Italy, and currently is a visiting scholar at the Workshop. Her research is focused on promoting sustainable natural resources management through a self-governing structure that satisfactorily deals with collective-action problems, associated with both over-exploitation of resources and political underrepresentation of those affected, with particular emphasis on the ways in which power relations among actors are manifested in this context. Her research is aimed at developing methods for combining qualitative research derived from field work with formal quantitative hypothesis-testing and modeling.
THE DARK SIDE OF FINANCE
Presented by Dr. Utpal Bhattacharya, Associate Professor, Department of Finance, Kelley School of Business, IUB, and Visiting Associate Professor of Finance, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business
Abstract: All businesses in this world grow by using other people's money. This can only happen if other people trust that their money will be returned with a profit. Trust, therefore, is the oxygen of capitalism. This talk, based on the author's research over the last twenty years, gives a personal perspective of trust being breached in financial markets, and the consequences thereof. A particular empirical question this talk answers is whether honesty is priced in the market place. The talk ends with a discussion of "What to Do."
BIO: Professor Bhattacharya is an Associate Editor of the Journal of Financial Markets and was an Associate Editor of the Review of Financial Studies. His publications have appeared in top-tier finance journals like the Journal of Finance, Journal of Financial Economics, The Review of Financial Studies, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis and the Journal of Business, top-tier accounting journals like The Accounting Review, and top-tier economics journals like the Journal of Economic Theory, Journal of Law and Economics and the Journal of Monetary Economics.
Professor Bhattacharya's research has been featured in full-length stories more than 150 times in various media across the world, including three times in the Economist. He wrote a satire about the legendary fraudster Madoff in the New York Times. He has been invited to present his research in more than 140 institutions in 24 countries in 5 continents. He wrote a report for and served as a member of the "Task Force to Modernize Securities Regulation in Canada" in 2006. He and his report were featured in a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation investigative story titled "Who Is Guarding Your Money" on November 23, 2008. On December 2, 2008, legislators in Ontario, Canada, discussed this report.
Prof. Bhattacharya is an excellent teacher. He has been nominated for the Trustee Teaching Award by Indiana University five years in a row. He won in 2004 and 2008. In 2006, Business Week recognized him as a "prominent faculty." Prof. Bhattacharya teaches in a different country every summer. He has taught at top universities in Argentina, Brazil, China, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Portugal, Slovenia, South Korea, Russia, Turkey and the USA (Chicago, Duke and MIT.)
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
HEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE IN THE MIDWEST: ALONG THE PATH TO HEALTH CARE INNOVATION
Presented by Dr. Todd Rowland MD, and Executive Director, HealthLINC, Bloomington, IN
Abstract: Indiana and neighboring Ohio have generated the two largest and most successful Health Information Exchanges (HIE) in the United States during the past decade. HIE is foundational to low cost and high quality medical communities as evidenced by the spectacular outcomes accomplished in Grand Junction, Colorado. This presentation will explore the intersection of system improvement in health care delivery and HIE as it relates to common pooled resources.
BIO: Dr. Rowland has proven himself to be an effective leader within physician and health care communities working toward advancing their development and implementation of electronic solutions. He has demonstrated leadership in national medical informatics arenas and stays current on issues being addressed across the country in regard to medical informatics. Dr. Rowland has been recognized nationally for his leadership in HIE, most recently being honored by the Association of Medical Directors of Information Systems in 2010.
In addition, Dr. Rowland brings over 15 years experience as a practicing physician, ensuring a practical understanding of the health care system and workflow issues. Though this understanding and his knowledge of and enthusiasm for electronic solutions to health care problems, he has provided expert advice to clients regarding IT enterprise planning, health care community planning, physician-hospital strategy development, and electronic health record implementation.
Dr. Rowland has demonstrated a strong fundraising capacity for large scale IT projects. He currently serves as the network director for 3 active HIT/HIE grant projects with HRSA and HHS. Dr. Rowland has forged cross-region partnerships with other HIEs to leverage resources and funding, most notably with HealthBridge of Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. Rowland is a graduate of Indiana University Medical School and completed a post doctoral fellowship in Medical Informatics at Harvard/MIT, Division of Health Sciences and Technology.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
THE COMPLEXITY OF FINANCIAL GOODS AND GOVERNANCE
Presented by Travis Selmier, Co-Director of the Investment Management Academy, and Visiting Clinical Assistant Professor, Kelley School of Business, IUB
Abstract: The term “financial markets” is plural for a reason: diverse, complex goods and services in these markets are traded locally, regionally, internationally. These complex bundles of financial goods and services may be categorized in a variety of ways: as derivative or cash, service or product, simple or complex, “straight” or with embedded securities. Hybrid financial goods—like hybrid financial services firms—have become ubiquitous. Examining financial goods and services along two dimensions – rivalry and excludability – enables us to type financial products as public, private, CPR, and toll goods.
Applying this typology to products in the financial markets (mortgage-backed securities), the regulatory sphere (too-big-to-fail) and firms’ internal markets (labor, capital, ownership), we observe products’ properties sometimes change and fundamentally shift from one type of good to another, a process I call “transmutation”. Fundamentally, investment banks and financial firms are self-designing organizations whose fluidity allows financial firms to act as intermediaries in shifting property rights and transferring ownership of financial goods. In an industry of dynamic, self-designing financial organizations, financial goods transmutate through those firms’ intermediation. On the other hand, regulatory regimes, usually established or reformed after crises, tend to be more rigid. With static regulatory, and dynamic financial, institutions, effective governance promoting efficient financial markets is quite complex.
Throughout the paper I weave ideas of goods typology and property rights with institutional design. Not surprisingly, I propose that polycentric governance approaches may help to overcome the challenges which arise from rigid regulatory institutions. I propose several questions to continue this research program, which this paper merely introduces.
POLICY PERSISTENCE AND THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THE ELECTRICITY-IRRIGATION CONUNDRUM IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE: AN ANALYTIC HISTORICAL ACCOUNT
Presented by Christian Kimmich, Doctoral Candidate, Humboldt University in Berlin, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, Department of Agricultural Economics, Division of Resource Economics, Berlin, Germany; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
Abstract: Electoral cycles have shown to induce economic volatility. Party competition can also perpetuate economic policies beyond cycles. This paper draws on an analysis conducted in India, where electricity for agricultural irrigation is subsidized, precipitation uncertain and water the bottleneck of agricultural production. Initiated three decades ago, the policy has led to a heavy increase in electricity demand, an alarming level of groundwater depletion and public financial burdens. Electric utilities governance and the polity are examined from an institutional economic and public choice perspective, incorporating two game-theoretic models. Empirical evidence suggests both state of regulation and party competition to be necessary conditions for the policy's emergence and persistence. Yet, the ultimate cause can only be derived from the electorate's expectations and reasoning, including taxation and food provisioning. The findings also indicate that utilities competition was not reconcilable with state-driven economic growth policies in this case.
BIO: Christian Kimmich is research fellow and doctoral candidate at the Division of Resource Economics at Humboldt University of Berlin. He works in the fields of infrastructure, resource and agricultural economics. His PhD research focuses on electricity infrastructure governance for agricultural irrigation in Andhra Pradesh within the research project 'Climate and energy in a complex transition towards sustainable Hyderabad'. Before, he provided consultancy research on regional resource use conflicts of bioenergy deployment for the Office of Technology Assessment at the German Parliament together with the Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Potsdam. Christian Kimmich studied Agricultural Economics (MSc) at Humboldt-University Berlin and the University of Life Sciences in Prague.
Please contact the author for a copy of the updated paper.
SUSTAINABILITY: CONCEPTUALLY MAPPING THE SEARCH FOR AN INTERGENERATIONAL MORAL ORDER
Presented by Dr. Edmund Stazyk, Assistant Professor, School of Public Affairs, Department of Public Administration and Policy, American University, Washington, DC
Abstract: Whenever a word and the ideas, concepts, and definitions attendant to it become as fashionable and hegemonic as is the case with the word "sustainability", it is time to come to terms with it. In coming to terms with sustainability, George Fredrickson and Ed Stazyk set out a conceptual map which they suggest is essential to a fulsome understanding of sustainability and to a search for an intergenerational moral order. That map starts with the point that sustainability has come, in the popular mind, to have primarily to do with the environment and natural resources. While sustainability, thus understood, is very important and timely, it is a narrow understanding of a larger and even more challenging understanding of accountability. That understanding begins with the key variable that accounts for and best explains sustainability: time. Fredrickson and Stazyk set out a three part intergenerational description of sustainability as our time variable: temporal sustainability, near-term future sustainability, and sustainability for remote future generations. This three part time schema is used to describe a wide range of economic, political, social, and philosophical forms of sustainability, their temporal costs and benefits, and their prospects for being part of an intergenerational moral order.
BIO: Edmund C. Stazyk is an assistant professor in the Department of Public Administration and Policy at American University in Washington, DC. Professor Stazyk's research focuses on the application of organization theory and behavior to public management, public administration theory, and human resource management issues. His primary research interests are in the areas of bureaucracy, individual and organizational performance, and employee motivation. He also attended the Minnowbrook 40th anniversary junior scholar gathering. Co-Sponsors:
Themester Lecture
See also: Themester Program
School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, College of Arts and Sciences
THE MINNOWBROOK PROCESS: WHAT HAVE WE LEANED?
Keynote by Professor H. George Frederickson, Edwin O. Stene Distinguished Professor of Public Administration, Department of Public Administration, University of Kansas, Lawrence
Abstract: Panel talk featuring H. George Fredrickson (keynote), with SPEA faculty and doctoral students
BIO: H. George Frederickson is the Edwin O. Stene Distinguished Professor of Public Administration at the University of Kansas. He has served on the public administration faculties at the Maxwell School, Syracuse University, Indiana University, the University of North Carolina, and the University of Missouri. He is the founding Editor of the Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. He is the recipient of the Waldo, Gaus, Staats, Levine, Stone, and Graham Awards, and the author of numerous books and articles. Co-Sponsors:
School of Public and Environmental Affairs and Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
THE DURAMAZ PROJECT: BUILDING AND INTERPRETING AN INDICATOR SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT EXPERIMENTS IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON
Presented by Dr. François-Michel Le Tourneau, Research Fellow, National Center for Scientific Research, Université Paris III Sorbonne Nouvelle
Abstract: Since the 1990s, the Amazon region has been turned into a laboratory for testing sustainable development models in local communities. The impact of those experiments are to be assessed not only in terms of economic success or failure, but have to consider also their influences on socio-cultural dynamics, such as changes in human-environment relationships or intergenerational conflicts.
To that end, the DURAMAZ research project was held between 2007 and 2010. It aimed at studying the local impacts of sustainable development experiments held in the Amazon region and at identifying eventual recurrent effects of those.
Based on extensive fieldwork in thirteen places throughout the Brazilian Amazon where sustainable development efforts have been undertaken recently, an indicator system has been built, integrating an innovative vision of sustainable development where a fourth dimension, about long-term perspective, has been integrated to the three classical dimensions of sustainable development: economic, social, and environmental.
In order to cover the whole spectrum of experiences that are taking place in the Amazon, the sites were very diverse, ranging from isolated indigenous villages to well connected soy-bean farm areas.
The conference will present the result of our 4 year research project. We will first present how the indicator system, constructed on 51 sub-indicators and 14 main indicators, has been built and how it works. Second, we will show the results for our 13 sites, and the conclusions that can be drawn upon them, unveiling possible practical applications for our system. Finally, we will show how those results were used inside a wider discussion about sustainable development in the Amazon.
BIO: Dr. François-Michel Le Tourneau is a research fellow at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) since 1999. He participates in a research laboratory on Latin America in the Sorbonne Nouvelle (Paris 3) University in Paris. He has been associated professor in the Center for Sustainable Development of Brasilia during 5 years (2002-2005 and 2008-2010). As a geographer, his research area is the human dynamics of the Brazilian Amazon, with a special emphasis on isolated areas and/or areas devoted to "traditional populations." He has recently published a major monograph on the Yanomami (Les Yanomami du Bresil: Geographie d'un territoire Ameridian. Paris: Belin) on the Yanomami Indians, and is currently responsible for a new research project that tries to combine geographical and anthropological approaches for studying the "territoriality" of traditional communities. Co-Sponsors:
Themester Lecture
See also: Themester Program
Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
BI-NATIONAL BONDS AND STRATEGIC INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER: IS THERE A CASE FOR REGULATORY HARMONIZATION?
Presented by Dr. Salvador Espinosa, Assistant Professor, School of Public Affairs, San Diego State University, CA, and Affiliated Faculty, Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, IUB
Abstract: Ever since NAFTA was enacted, trade between Mexico and the United States has increased exponentially. Since most of the exchanges of merchandise and people occur by land, the need for adequate infrastructure has become evident. These types of projects have traditionally been financed by the public sector. However, increasing budget constraints in both countries make it necessary to explore alternative ways to raise the required funds. Can one think about local governments from the two countries issuing an infrastructure bond jointly? It is argued that proper regulatory harmonization would make this possibility likely.
This paper builds a case for harmonization by elaborating on a line of research suggesting that common-law countries (e.g., United States) generally have the strongest, and French-civil-law countries (e.g., Mexico) the weakest, legal protection of investors . The paper reviews the rules aimed at protecting securities holders in Mexico and the United States and argues that while some of these rules may have the same objective, they affect investors' perceptions of risk differently. Therefore thinking about regulatory harmonization should not be conceived as a process to homogenize the existing legal frameworks but as a process to enact regulations that, while different, would induce similar behavioral responses from Mexican and U.S. investors.
This theoretical reflection intends to start a dialogue on the reforms that policymakers could enact to move towards the creation of a bi-national debt financing mechanism for strategic infrastructure in the U.S.-Mexican border.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
DETERMINING THE WILLINGNESS-TO-CHANGE NATURAL RESOURCE EXPLOITATION: FIELD EVIDENCE FROM A FISHNET EXCHANGE PROGRAM
Presented by Carina Cavalcanti, PhD Candidate, Professorship of Environmental Policy and Economics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB; and Andreas Leibbrandt, Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Economics, University of Chicago, and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
Abstract:We implemented a fishnet exchange program targeted at professional fishermen who use fishnets with small mesh sizes and thus endanger the fish resources. In the fishnet exchange program we used a simple auction mechanism to identify the individual willingness to acquire fishnets with larger mesh sizes in exchange for fishnets with smaller mesh sizes. Although participants could obtain a new fishnet in exchange for their used fishnet and place negative bids, i.e., offer to exchange their used fishnet in combination with monetary compensation, we find that a substantial fraction does not place any or only negative offers. Interestingly, the individual heterogeneity in bids cannot be explained by the age of the used fishnets but by environmental perceptions and experiences with fishnets with larger mesh sizes. Fishermen, who are more optimistic that local over-fishing can be stopped and who have already used fishnets with larger mesh sizes place significantly higher bids. These findings may provide useful information about the limitations and possibilities of changing the behavior of the least cooperative resource users.
BIOS
Carina Cavalcanti is a PhD candidate in Environmental Policy and Economics from the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH-Zurich) and currently a Visiting Scholar at the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis. In her research, she investigates the determinants of cooperation among common-pool-resource users.
Andreas Leibbrandt is a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Economics Department of the University of Chicago and a Visiting Scholar at the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis at Indiana University. In 2009 he received a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Zurich. His M.A. is in Management & Economics, Psychology and Sociology. His main research interests lie in Public Economics, Environmental & Resource Economics, and Behavioral Economics. For my research he typically uses lab and field experiments.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
DO COMPETITIVE WORKPLACES DETER FEMALE WORKERS? A LARGE-SCALE NATURAL FIELD EXPERIMENT ON GENDER DIFFERENCES IN JOB-ENTRY DECISIONS
Presented by Andreas Leibbrandt, Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Economics, University of Chicago, and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB (coauthors: Jeffrey A. Flory, University of Maryland, and John A. List, University of Chicago)
Abstract: Recently an important line of research using laboratory experiments has provided a new potential reason for why we observe gender imbalances in labor markets: men are more competitively inclined than women. Whether, and to what extent, such preferences yield differences in naturally-occurring labor market outcomes remains an open issue. We address this question by exploring job-entry decisions in a natural field experiment where we randomized nearly 7,000 interested job-seekers into different compensation regimes. By varying the role that individual competition plays in setting the wage, we are able to explore whether competition, by itself, can cause differential job entry. The data highlight the power of the compensation regime in that women disproportionately shy away from competitive work settings. Yet, there are important factors that attenuate the gender differences, including whether the job is performed in teams, whether the job task is female-oriented, and the local labor market.
Back to the Workshop Homepage
Copyright 2008, Workshop in Political
Theory and Policy Analysis
Last updated:
