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Chair: Michael McGinnis, Workshop Director and Professor of Political Science, IUB
9-12-11: Constitutional Liability Rules
Professor Gerard Magliocca, Professor of Law and Grimes Fellow, Indiana University School of Law– Indianapolis
No colloquium
9-19-11: Land Reform through Non-Intervention Agreements: Testing a Policy to Induce Neighborly Relations
Dr. Gunnar Köhlin, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, and Director, Environment for Development, Environmental Economics Unit, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
9-21-11: Towards Sustainability of Urban Lake Systems in India: A close look at the current lake Governance approach
Mrs. Mansee Ball, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Public Administration, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
9-26-11: Opposing Economic Fallacies, Legal Plunder, and the State: Frédéric Bastiat's Rhetoric of Liberty in the Economic Sophisms (1846-1850).
Dr. David M. Hart, Director of the Online Library of Liberty, Liberty Fund, Inc., Indianapolis, IN
9-28-11: Construction of archetypes as a formal method to analyze social-ecological systems
Prof. Dr. Klaus Eisenack, Environment and Development Economics, Department Of Economics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
10-3-11: After Liberalism: The Complexity Of Governance And Evolution Of The Modern State
Professor Hilton Root, School of Public Policy, George Mason University, Arlington, VA
10-5-11: Institutional challenges of water governance to adapt to a changing climate
Rebecca Stecker, PhD Candidate in Economics, Department of Economics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
10-10-11: Determinants of successful environmental regimes in the context of the coastal wetlands of Goa?
Dr. Sangeeta Sonak, Centre for Natural Resource Management, St. Inez, Panaji, Goa, India; and Visiting Scholar, Virginia Tech Northern Virginia Center, Falls Church
10-12-11: Analyzing institutions in resource and development econometrics: recognizing institutions, exploring levels, and querying causes
Dr. Vikram Dayal, Associate Professor, Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi University Enclave, Delhi, India; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
10-17-11: Managing the Health Commons: An Interim Report
Mike McGinnis, Professor, Political Science, and Director, Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, IU Bloomington; Joan Pong Linton, Associate Professor, English, IU Bloomington; Carrie Ann Lawrence, Ph.D. student in Health Behavior in the School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, IU Bloomington; Ryan Conway, Ph.D. student in Political Science, IU Bloomington; and Claudia Brink, Assistant Director, Workshop, and Ph.D. student in Public Policy, IU Bloomington
10-19-11: Tackling CPR problems with neural networks; An interim report on our proceedings.
Hannes Rusch, PhD Student, Center for Philosophy and the Foundations of Science, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; Peter Loescher Chair of Business Ethics, TU Muenchen, Germany, and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
10-24-11: Collective Management of Residential Housing in Russia: The Importance of Being Social
Professor Leonid Polishchuk, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
Mr. Ivo Baur, PhD Student and Research Assistant, Karl-Franzens-Universität; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
Dr. Brian Czech, President, Center for the Advancement of the Steady State Economy, Arlington, VA, and Visiting Assistant Professor, College of Natural Resources, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
11-2-11: Building Trust and Reciprocity in Elderly Activity Clubs: An Institutional Intervention
Tania Ng, Master in Public Policy, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
11-7-11: Testing Social Norms and Normative Theories
Professor David D. Bell, Department of Sociology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
11-9-11: Predictive models of social- ecological system (SES): Developing sustainable forest management regimes in the beech coppice forest system in Central Italian Apennine.
Marco Cervellini, PhD candidate at the School of Environmental Sciences of the University of Camerino and visiting scholar at IUB, Gandiego Campetella, researcher at the Department of Environmental Science, Botany and Ecology section of the University of Camerino, Italy, and Alessandro Gimona, a senior landscape scientist at The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen UK; Presented by Marco Cervellini
Professor Audun Sandberg, Faculty of Social Science, University of Nordland, Bodø, Norway; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
11-16-11: The Implementation and Impacts of China’s Largest Payment for Ecosystem Services Program as Revealed by Longitudinal Household Data
Dr. Runshen Yin, Associate Professor, Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop
11-28-11: Local Associational Life: The Vital Element in the Rise and Fall of Political Regimes
Professor Jos Raadschelders, Professor and Henry Bellmon Chair of Public Service, John Glenn School of Public Affairs, Ohio State University, Columbus
11-30-11: Vincent Ostrom and the Quest to Understand Human Affairs: Researching and Editing Unpublished Manuscripts for New Volumes of Ostrom's Previously Unpublished Works
Barbara Allen, Professor of Political Science, Carleton College, and affiliated faculty, Workshop
12-2-11: Punctuated Generosity: Events, Communities, and Corporate Philanthropy in the United States, 1980-2008
Dr. Christopher Marquis, Associate Professor in the Organizational Behavior unit at the Harvard Business School and is affiliated with the HBS Social Enterprise Initiative and Harvard University Hauser Center for Non-Profit Organizations, Harvard University, Boston, MA
12-5-11: The Distinctiveness of Antiwar Activism: Paths of Activist Participation in a Multi-Movement Environment
Dr. Fabio Rojas and András Tilcsik, Harvard University; Presented by Dr. Fabio Rojas, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, IUB
12-7-11: Organizational influences on the decision-making of Indian forest managers
Forrest Fleischman, Research Assistant, Workshop and PhD Candidate, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, IUB
ROUNDTABLE
Presented by Chair: Professor Michael McGinnis, Workshop Director and Professor of Political Science
Summary: The Roundtable session will be an opportunity for our colleagues and students to become acquainted with this year's Workshop Visiting Scholars, including the research they will be conducting while in residence this year.
CONSTITUTIONAL LIABILITY RULES
Presented by Professor Gerard Magliocca, Professor of Law and Grimes Fellow, Indiana University School of Law–Indianapolis
Abstract: This essay is about constitutional liability rules, which refer to a personal or a structural right that is protected only insofar as it cannot be invaded or exercised without the payment of a collectively determined monetary or political fee. Two of these liability rules are familiar. The first involves personal rights that are secured through a tort remedy. A state official, for example, can be held liable under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for violating someone’s civil rights. The second covers situations where a supermajority process guarantees the authority of a public institution. For instance, the right of a President to veto a particular bill, of a federal judge to life tenure, or of a Senator to hold office can be overridden, but doing so requires an extraordinary level of support that imposes substantial political costs to “purchase” those entitlements.
My focus is on two other kinds of constitutional liability rules that are less familiar but deserve more attention. One covers a personal constitutional right that can be taxed. That kind of tax is the opposite of a tort remedy, as the individual is paying the government for exercising a right instead of being compensated by the state when the right is infringed. While the idea of taxing rights that cannot be taken away is frowned on by modern law, that form of regulation offers a way to split the difference on tough questions such as the role of corporate money in political campaigns. The other more exotic liability rule involves a public power that can be exercised only after making an unusual political sacrifice. This is the reverse of a supermajority procedure and builds on the insight that forcing officials to internalize the costs of their actions may be the best way to protect an entitlement. A “superpenalty rule” is also not in vogue today, but this would be the best way of enforcing a Balanced Budget Amendment if that proposal is ever ratified.
BIO: Gerard N. Magliocca joined the faculty following two years as an associate with Covington & Burling and one year as a clerk for Judge Guido Calabresi on the Second Circuit. He received the Best New Professor Award from the student body in 2004 and the Black Cane (Most Outstanding Professor) Award in 2006. In 2007, his book on Andrew Jackson was the subject of an hour-long program on C-Span's "Book TV." In the Fall of 2008, Professor Magliocca held the Fulbright-Dow Distinguished Research Chair of the Roosevelt Study Center in Middelburg, The Netherlands. He is also a regular blogger on Concurring Opinions and Balkinization.
NO COLLOQUIUM
LAND REFORM THROUGH NON-INTERVENTION AGREEMENTS: TESTING A POLICY TO INDUCE NEIGHBORLY RELATIONS
Presented by Dr. Gunnar Köhlin, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, and Director, Environment for Development, Environmental Economics Unit, Göteborg, Sweden
Abstract: Land conflicts in developing countries are costly. Defining property rights and promoting respect for borders is therefore an important goal of development assistance. It is cheaper to avoid conflicts in cases when neighbors’ attitudes are friendly. We present a policy proposal which may promote neighborly relations and equitable divisions at low cost. The key idea combines insights regarding social preferences with the logic of forward induction. We evaluate the proposal’s usefulness through a framed field experiment among farmers in the Ethiopian highlands, a region exhibiting features typical of many countries where borders are not well defined and often disputed.
BIO: Gunnar Köhlin is an associate professor at the Environmental Economics Unit, Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg. As co-founder of the EEU he has now spent more than 20 years working with applications of environmental economics in developing countries. He is currently director of the Environment for Development initiative with centers in China, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania. His research interests include environmental resources, development economics and in particular the interface between the two. Methodologically he has a focus on non-market valuation techniques and analyses of household adoption and production. The applications have included evaluations of forest interventions, analyses of domestic energy demand and adoption of soil conservation and the impacts on productivity.
TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY OF URBAN LAKE SYSTEMS IN INDIA: A CLOSE LOOK AT THE CURRENT LAKE GOVERNANCE APPROACH
Presented by Mrs. Mansee Bal, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Public Administration, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
Abstract: The research on “Towards Sustainability of Urban Lake Systems in India: A close look at the current Lake Governance approach,” plans to investigate some of the fundamental concerns of the current apathy of the urban lakes in India. The aim of the research is to address the sustainability of urban lake systems in India. Understanding of the current urban lake governance pattern is considered key to addressing the sustainability of urban lake systems and therefore is the objective of the research. The IAD framework is applied for the analyses of the current urban lake governance in India. The focus is on the related bio-physical conditions of the lake systems and how it shapes the attributes of the community and the rules-in-use at the operational level and the collective choices. The current paper is a snapshot of the recently completed explorative field work in four cities in India namely, Jaipur, Bhopal, Hyderabad, and Ahmedabad. Each variables of the IAD framework are discussed using some of the indicators that were experienced during the fieldwork in order to draw a picture of what is going on in the field. The paper is a compilation of the responses from the respondents (officials, experts, and local residents), readings from the documents read and from the field observation. Since, the investigation of the urban lake governance pattern is grounded in the IAD framework; the primary aim of this paper is to engage in a discussion on the empirical analyses with respect to the main variables of the IAD framework, particularly to learn the opportunities and challenges of the application of the IAD framework. The discussion will further lead to analyzing the lake governance pattern of each of the four cities using the IAD variables and the linked indicators.
BIO: Mansee Bal is a PhD scholar (II Yr) in Public Administration at Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. She is involved in education in Master of Science in Urban Management courses at Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies, IHS, Rotterdam. She is also the principal advisor on large scale urban and landscape planning projects at Environmental Design Consultants EDC, Ahmedabad, India.
Her PhD research on “Towards Sustainability of Urban Lake Systems in India: A Governance Approach” takes a closer look at the urban dynamics of land-water governance. The larger purview is to address the sustainable management of natural resources that are facing stress in the fast urbanizing areas. The research is based on the institutional analyses and understanding of the social-ecological dynamics. mbal@indiana.edu
OPPOSING ECONOMIC FALLACIES, LEGAL PLUNDER, AND THE STATE: FRÉDÉRIC BASTIAT'S RHETORIC OF LIBERTY IN THE ECONOMIC SOPHISMS (1846-1850).
Presented by Dr. David M. Hart, Director of the Online Library of Liberty, Liberty Fund, Inc., Indianapolis, IN
Abstract: Frédéric Bastiat was best known in his lifetime for his opposition to the French government’s policies of trade protection and subsidies in the 1840s and for his opposition to socialism as a Deputy in the Constituent Assembly and then the National Assembly during the 1848 Revolution and Second Republic between 1848 and 1850. His works remained in print throughout the 19th century and were published by that indefatigable classical liberal publishing firm of Guillaumin. He took as his model for achieving economic change the work of Richard Cobden and the Anti-Corn Law League in Britain. Hence, Bastiat formed the Bordeaux Free Trade Association and then a national association based in Paris along with their affiliated newspapers and magazines, but his efforts were unsuccessful when the Chamber defeated a free trade motion in 1847.
Part of his tactics during this period was to debunk what he termed “economic fallacies” (or “sophisms”) which were widely held by both the public and the political elite concerning the benefits of government protection and subsidies. He published a large number of these “economic sophisms” between 1844 and 1848 in popular newspapers and magazines as well as in more academic journals like the Journal des Économistes. These were collected and published in 2 books during his lifetime and the editors of his posthumous Oeuvres complètes had material enough for a third volume which was never published separately.
This paper examines the origin, content, and form of Bastiat’s Economic Sophisms which will comprise volume 3 of Liberty Fund’s translation of his Collected Works (estimated publication date is 2013). It is argued that in opposing the economic sophisms which he saw around him Bastiat developed a unique “rhetoric of liberty” in order to make his case for economic liberty. For the idea of debunking “fallacies,” he drew upon the work of Jeremy Bentham on “political fallacies” and Col. Perronnet Thomas on “corn law fallacies;” for his use of informal “conversations” to appeal to less well-informed readers, he drew upon the work of two women popularizers of economic ideas, Jane Marcet and Harriet Martineau. One of Bastiat’s original contributions was the use of “Crusoe economics” where he simplifies the economic choices faced by an individual by describing how Robinson Crusoe might go about ordering his economic priorities and deciding what his opportunity costs are. Another original contribution is Bastiat’s clever use of short and witty economic “fables” and fictional letters written to political leaders. In many of these apparently “simple” fables Bastiat’s draws upon classical French literature (Molière and La Fontaine) as well as contemporary political songs and poems (written by “goguettiers” like his contemporary Béranger) to make serious economic arguments in a very witty and unique manner. Bastiat’s self-declared purpose was to make the study of economics less “dull and dry” and to use “the sting of ridicule” to expose the widespread misunderstanding of economic ideas. The result is what Friedrich Hayek correctly described as an economic “publicist of genius.”
BIO: David Hart was born and raised in Sydney, Australia. He did his undergraduate work at Macquarie University, Sydney, writing a thesis on the radical anti-statist thought of the Belgian/French political economist Gustave de Molinari. After spending a year in Germany studying German Imperialism and the origins of the First World War at the University of Mainz, he completed an M.A. in history at Stanford University. While at Stanford he worked on student programs for the Institute for Humane Studies (when it was located at Menlo Park, California) where he was founding editor of Humane Studies Review. He received a Ph.D. in history from King’s College, Cambridge on the work of two leading French classical liberals of the early 19th century, Charles Come and Charles Dunoyer who pioneered a liberal class theory of history. He then taught for 15 years in the Department of History at the University of Adelaide in South Australia where he was awarded the University teaching prize. Since 2001 he has been the Director of the Online Library of Liberty Project at Liberty Fund in Indianapolis
CONSTRUCTION OF ARCHETYPES AS A FORMAL METHOD TO ANALYZE SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Presented by Prof. Dr. Klaus Eisenack, Environment and Development Economics, Department Of Economics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
Abstract: Natural resource management, land-use change and adaptation to climate change primarily take place on the local or regional scale. Particular socio-economic and bio-physical conditions shape each involved social-ecological systems (SES) differently, so that blueprint solutions for their management are usually not available. The context-dependence and diversity of SES makes it extremely difficult to come up with general predictions about their future dynamics and their successful governance. If we are not willing to give up deteriorating resource systems and scientific inquiry, it is thus crucial to know how to compare and transfer (un)successful experience for managing SES between cases.
There are some emerging approaches to address this challenge, of which I just mention some examples. The diagnostic approach proposed by Ostrom (2006) and others decomposes the description of SES along a multi-tiered set of variables that can be refined depending on the context. It contributes to an intensifying joint effort to understand, e.g., the governance of forests. Geist and Lambin (2003) identified a set of variables that explain, in different combinations, tropical deforestation. The Gobal Environmental Outlook (UNEP 2007) spurred research activities to measure archetypical patterns of vulnerability to global environmental change. Also the earlier syndrome approach proposed by the German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU 1993) goes in a similar direction.
As these approaches share common concerns, this paper’s objective is to compare them more closely and bring to front three overarching and tightly related issues. I explore this under the umbrella concept of “archetypes of social-ecological systems,” by starting from the question on how a toolbox for governing a broad set of SES cases can be constructed. Such a toolbox should be effective in that it considers adequate detail of single cases, be flexible in that it is helpful for a large set of cases, and be manageable in terms of the complexity of the toolbox. I argue that this requires a focus on the meso-scale: (i) intermediate levels of generality (between claiming panacea and sticking to idiographic exercises), (ii) intermediate levels of abstraction or aggregation (between fine-scaled measurement and oversimplification), and (iii) decomposing SES into typical building blocks that explain them at least partially.
The talk, taking up the thread of an earlier conference paper, will present work in progress on systematizing crucial issues of the mentioned approaches and on applying some basic insights to understand adaptation to climate change.
BIO: Klaus Eisenack is assistant professor for Environment and Development Economics at the Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany, where he leads the Chameleon Research Group since 2008. In 2006, he received a PhD in mathematics at the Free University Berlin. His current research focuses on adaptation to climate change and models of institutional arrangements. Further interests are natural resource management and games on global change. At the Workshop, he wants to investigate collective-choice agreements for managing increasing water heat and scarcity in Europe due to climate change. This serves as a case study for contributing to the diagnostic approach by drawing on previous work about archetypes of social-ecological systems.
AFTER LIBERALISM: THE COMPLEXITY OF GOVERNANCE AND EVOLUTION OF THE MODERN STATE
Presented by Professor Hilton Root, School of Public Policy, George Mason University, Arlington, VA
BIO: Dr. Hilton Root is a policy specialist in international political economy and development, and is currently a member of the faculty at the George Mason University School of Public Policy. Dr. Root’s most current research examines three related areas: the decline of liberal internationalism and the challenge of global legitimacy; the comparative and historical dynamics of state-building; and the use of complexity models to understand the emergence and evolution of social institutions.
Dr. Root has been a Freeman Visiting Professor of Economics at Pitzer College and Senior Fellow at Claremont Graduate University from June 2003 to June 2006. He served the U.S. Treasury as senior advisor on development finance 2001-2002, where he was one of the originators and principal contributors to the design of the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). Dr. Root was Director and Senior Fellow of Global Studies at the Milken Institute and was a Senior Research Fellow and Director of the Initiative on Economic Growth and Democracy at the Hoover Institution.
Dr. Root has helped put institutions on the development agenda As a policy expert, he advises the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the US State Department, the US Treasury Department and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). He has completed projects in more than 25 countries. He is currently the team leader of “Enhancing Government Effectiveness”, a USAID funded program with projects in five Muslim-majority countries: the Palestinian territories, Morocco, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Yemen. Most recently, Dr. Root helped reengineer the Planning Commission of the Government of Pakistan in 2010 and he currently leads a USAID—Pakistan initiative on intergovernmental finance and devolution.
As an academic, Dr. Root has been a member of the faculty at the California Institute of Technology, the University of Pennsylvania, and Stanford University. Dr. Root has written and lectured extensively, publishing eight books and more than 100 articles. He is a frequent contributor to the Wall Street Journal Asia, the International Herald Tribune, Los Angeles Times and the Washington Post. He has published and presented in the French language and has been translated into many languages including Chinese, Greek, Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese. He has been awarded honors for The Key to the East Asian Miracle: Making Shared Growth Credible (with J. Edgardo Campos), which won the 1997 Charles H. Levine Award for best book of the year by the International Political Science Association. The Social Sciences History Association awarded him the 1995 best book prize of its Economic History Section for The Fountain of Privilege: Political Foundations of Markets in Old Regime France and England. From the American Historical Association he received the Chester Higby Prize, 1986, for the best article among those published for two consecutive years. Dr. Root received his doctorate from the University of Michigan in 1983.
Dr. Root's book is in the process of being published by MIT (2013), so all earlier versions of his chapters that were on our website have been removed.
INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES OF WATER GOVERNANCE TO ADAPT TO A CHANGING CLIMATE
Presented by Rebecca Stecker, PhD Candidate in Economics, Department of Economics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
Abstract: In the current discourse it is widely accepted that mitigation of climate change is just one side of the coin. Adaptation to a changing climate is the other. It is expected, that climate change will result – amongst others – in a higher frequency of droughts and water scarcities. This is especially problematic in regions where two conditions coincide: 1. Many actors claim the access to water; and 2. The water serves for many different purposes.
The river Rhine in Europe is such a region. Nine riparian states are located around the river. Industry production, agriculture, potable water, hydropower generation and cooling down thermal power plants are the main uses of the river water. During cooling processes, thermal power generation produces a substantial amount of waste energy which is discharged into the river with the cooling water and thus leads to an increase of the river temperature. This becomes problematic when a certain threshold is crossed and negative impacts on the ecosystem can result. During heat waves, which are expected to increase due to an ongoing climate change crucial conflicts may occur: On the one hand the river water is needed for cooling the thermal plants in order to secure energy supply in highly populated regions. On the other hand safe-guarding the ecosystem of the river needs also to be ensured.
Against this backdrop, the research question of this paper is, if existing institutions are sufficient to address these conflicting needs or if they need to be changed. The focus of analysis is the whole catchment with its multi-level decision making arenas. The methodology applied for the analysis of this polycentric governance system is the SES-Framework (e.g. Ostrom 2009). Researches using this framework mostly focus on the micro level, individuals being the smallest unit. The action situations in this case study are on diverse levels, actors are inter alia governmental agencies and companies. Following this, the paper also aims to contribute to the question how the SES-Framework can be scaled-up.
Please note, that the paper is “work in progress” but I aim to present first results of the institutional analysis and suggestions for the theoretical question.
BIO: Rebecca Stecker is a PhD candidate (2nd year) at the Department of Economics, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, and works in the research group “Chameleon.” Her current research interests are on institutional analysis of adaptation to climate change, the role of governmental actors in adaptation policy, and the interplay between different actors in this policy arena. The case study presented in this paper on the governance of water scarcity conflicts is one of the empirical parts of her thesis.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
DETERMINANTS OF SUCCESSFUL ENVIRONMENTAL REGIMES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COASTAL WETLANDS OF GOA
Presented by Dr. Sangeeta Sonak, Centre for Natural Resource Management, St. Inez, Panaji, Goa, India; and Visiting Scholar, Virginia Tech Northern Virginia Center, Falls Church
Abstract: While community based resource management was practiced for centuries by many traditional societies of the world, these resources are continuously being eroded in the recent years. This paper uses a case study of the Khazans, the coastal wetlands of Goa, in order to study determinants of successful environmental regimes. Khazans are the low-lying coastal lands that have been reclaimed from marshy mangroves by the construction of embankments and sluice gates. Traditionally, khazans were managed by the organized groups of self-regulating tribal peasant communities called the gaunkari, who were renamed as the communidades, during the Portuguese regime in Goa. In 1961, with the merger of Goa and the Indian Union, as a measure of the agrarian reform, legislations were enacted and the responsibility for management of the khazans came to be statutorily imposed upon the tenants’ associations. This gradually weakened the control of the gaunkars, particularly as the state control over the functioning of the communidades increased. This paper describes the evolution of the land resource management system over a period of about two thousand years and also comments on the reasons for the success of traditional community based land resource management systems.
BIO: Dr. Sangeeta Sonak is a marine biologist and Director of Centre for Natural Resource Management, Srujan. Currently, she has been awarded Fulbright Scholarship to work at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Northern Centre with Prof M A Champ. She has co-ordinated and worked on several projects funded by various international donor agencies. She is a recipient of Erasmus Mundus Visiting Scientist Scholarship awarded to teach and conduct research at a Consortium of three European universities and invitation fellowship for senior scientists awarded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). She has edited two books and has some publications in international journals. She has edited a special issue of an Elsevier journal “Journal of Environmental Management” (Feb 2009) titled “Organotins in the marine Environment”.
ANALYZING INSTITUTIONS IN RESOURCE AND DEVELOPMENT ECONOMETRICS: RECOGNIZING INSTITUTIONS, EXPLORING LEVELS, AND QUERYING CAUSES
Presented by Dr. Vikram Dayal, Associate Professor, Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi University Enclave, Delhi, India; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
Abstract: I have been reflecting on my past work in resource and development economics--most of which may be termed 'standard economic analysis'--in the light of institutional scholarship. I suggest three strategies to further institutional analysis in resource and development econometrics: (1) recognizing institutional variables, (2) using multilevel thinking and estimation, and (3) drawing causal graphs. I illustrate each strategy with examples from three past studies, by others and me: (a) biomass extraction from Ranthambhore National Park, (b) air pollution in Goa, and (c) sustainability and forest livelihoods across countries. In studies (a) and (b), there is no explicit institutional content, and recognition of, for example, caste, as not merely a household characteristic but a social norm, helps the resource economist appreciate a more sociological perspective. Multilevel thinking is intrinsic to institutional thinking, and we can exploit data at different levels and zoom in and out, using the IAD (Institutions and Development) framework. Within a study, we can have data at different levels, for example, forests are nested in countries in study (c). Using multilevel statistics helps us unpack variation in the data at forest and country levels. Causality is vital in policy, extremely difficult to establish with observational data, and implicit in disagreements among scholars. Causal graphs can help us separate the disagreements into disagreements about the underlying causal structure, and disagreements about the correspondence between an agreed to causal structure and the data on hand. In study (c) for example, a heuristic causal graph helps us see the difficulties we face when use a cross-section sample to estimate a path-dependent dynamic process with slow and fast moving variables. In study (b) we can use a causal graph to 'dig deeper' into the role of the instrumental variable, female hierarchy--intended to unpack causality--and we might feel more comfortable with a norm based perspective of the household rather than an optimizing perspective. This is work in progress.
BIO: Vikram Dayal (Fall 2011) works at the Institute of Economic Growth in Delhi, India. He has worked on several topics in resource and development economics: indoor and outdoor air pollution in India and Goa, a simulation model of a biological invasive in tiger habitat, sanitation in Uttarakhand, biomass extraction from Ranthambhore National Park, natural resource accounting, and applying methodological pluralism to wildlife and the economy. He is delighted to be visiting the Workshop for two months, as a recipient of the Sir Partha Dasgupta Research and Writing Fellowship in Environment and Development Economics, awarded by SANDEE (South Asian Network of Development and Environmental Economics). vikdayal@indiana.edu
MANAGING THE HEALTH COMMONS: AN INTERIM REPORT
Presented by Mike McGinnis, Professor, Political Science, and Director, Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, IU Bloomington; Joan Pong Linton, Associate Professor, English, IU Bloomington; Carrie Ann Lawrence, Ph.D. student in Health Behavior in the School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, IU Bloomington; Ryan Conway, Ph.D. student in Political Science, IU Bloomington; and Claudia Brink, Assistant Director, Workshop, and Ph.D. student in Public Policy, IU Bloomington
Abstract: The Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis at Indiana University has partnered with the ReThink Health Initiative of the Fannie E. Rippel Foundation to undertake an eighteen month action-research project that began in January 2011. On Oct. 21 the Managing the Health Commons (MHC) research team will be conducting a webinar to update members of the Rippel Foundation board as well as other interested parties, and this colloquium presentation is a practice run.
BIO: Michael D. McGinnis is Professor in the Department of Political Science at Indiana University, Bloomington. He serves as Director of the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, an inter-disciplinary research and teaching center focused on the study of institutions, development, and governance. This Workshop is a globally recognized center for Institutional Analysis. The Workshop was initially established in 1973 by Vincent and Elinor Ostrom, and its continuing importance was dramatically recognized when Elinor Ostrom was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences. His current research focuses on the ways in which health care policy in the U.S. can be improved through increased collaboration among stakeholders at the community or regional level, rather than relying on reforms at national or state levels. He serves as Principal Investigator of Managing the Health Commons, a research project in the ReThink Health Initiative of The Fannie E. Rippel Foundation. McGinnis received a B.S. in mathematics from The Ohio State University in 1980 and a Ph.D. in political science from The University of Minnesota in 1985, and he has worked at IU ever since. In his early research Prof. McGinnis used game theory to model arms races, alliances, wars, peace negotiations, and other interactions between domestic and international politics. He has published several articles in political science and international relations journals, as well as chapters in edited volumes. He is co-author, with John T. Williams, of Compound Dilemmas: Democracy, Collective Action, and Superpower Rivalry (University of Michigan Press, 2001) and editor of three volumes of readings on governance issues written by scholars associated with the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis. He was co-editor of International Studies Quarterly (1994-98). Professor McGinnis teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in public policy and institutional analysis (Introduction to Theories of Public Policy; Religion, Politics, and Public Policy; Implementation Challenges of Governance Reform; Public Policy Analysis), and research methods. Earlier in his career he taught several courses in world politics (Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control; Coping with War; Democracy and National Security; Nations, States, and Boundaries). Along with his other teaching and research activities, McGinnis has studied the unique contributions that faith-based organizations make to the design and implementation of public policy related to humanitarian relief, development assistance, peace-building, and reconciliation in troubled regions of the world, as well as standard public services in education, health care, and welfare assistance in societies less directly challenged by the ravages of war. He is especially interested in understanding the response of international governmental and nongovernmental organizations to local and regional conflicts. His research demonstrates that well-intentioned interventions of the constituent members of the global conflict policy network (national governments, UN agencies, and humanitarian, development, and conflict resolution NGOs) have routinely been diverted or manipulated by strategically adept leaders whose interests are served by continued conflict.
TACKLING CPR PROBLEMS WITH NEURAL NETWORKS; AN INTERIM REPORT ON OUR PROCEEDINGS.
Dr. Ulrich J. Frey & Hannes Rusch, Presented by Hannes Rusch, PhD Student, Center for Philosophy and the Foundations of Science, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany; Peter Loescher Chair of Business Ethics, TU Muenchen, Germany, and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
Abstract: The literature on common pool resource (CPR) governance lists numerous factors that influence whether a given CPR system achieves ecological long-term sustainability. Up to now, there has been no comprehensive model to integrate these factors or to explain success within or across cases and sectors. Difficulties include the absence of large-N-studies, the incomparability of single case studies, and the high interdependence of factors. We present a synthesis of 24 success factors based on the current SES framework and a literature review and an application of neural networks on a database of CPR management case studies, in an attempt to test the viability of this synthesis. This method allows us to obtain an implicit quantitative and rather precise model of the interdependencies in CPR systems. Given such a model, every success factor in each case can be manipulated separately, yielding different predictions for success. This could become be a fast and inexpensive way to analyze, predict, and optimize performance for communities world-wide facing CPR challenges. Existing theoretical frameworks could be improved as well.
BIO: Hannes Rusch studied philosophy and mathematics. Currently, he is a PhD candidate in Philosophy of Biology at Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany. He works on Dr. Ulrich Frey’s research project on sustainable CPR management and also at the Peter Löscher Chair of Business Ethics at TU München. His main research interests are cooperation research, experimental approaches in economy and philosophy, and cultural evolution theory. For the Peter Löscher Chair of Business Ethics, he is developing experimental software and building up a laboratory for experimental ethics.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
COLLECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF RESIDENTIAL HOUSING IN RUSSIA: THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING SOCIAL
Ekaterina Borisova, Leonid Polishchuk and Anatoly Peresetsky, Presented by Professor Leonid Polishchuk, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
Abstract: Performance of Russian homeowners associations established to manage common property in residential housing is assessed using the stochastic frontier technique. Performance variations are explained by tangible and intangible assets, especially tenants’ social capital required to resolve the collective action problem and ensure accountability of managing bodies and outside contractors. Lack of civic capacity could be an obstacle to implementing community-governance solutions in residential housing, making homeowners associations dysfunctional or prone to capture by vested interests.
BIO: Leonid Polishchulk is Economics Professor at the Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; he also heads the Laboratory for Applied Studies of Institutions and Social Capital at the said university. He held teaching and research positions at the University of Maryland, College Park, California Institute of Technology, University of British Columbia, and the New Economics School (Moscow). He got his Master’s degree in applied mathematics from Novosibirsk University and PhD in economics from the Novosibirsk Institute of Economics.
ADAPTING TO SOCIETAL TRANSITIONS BY CHANGING RULES IN THE GOVERNANCE OF COMMON PROPERTY PASTURES IN THE SWISS ALPS
Presented by Mr. Ivo Baur, PhD Student and Research Assistant, Karl-Franzens-Universität; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
Abstract: The common property meadows in the Swiss Alps have been managed by local authorities since the Middle Ages avoiding their overuse. During the past century, societal changes, like industrialization and rapid economic growth, have led to less intensive use and maintenance of the Alps and the reduction of biodiversity. In this paper, we use the example of Grindelwald in the Swiss Alps, to analyze how the governance system has adapted to these societal transitions. We based our analysis on the Program in Institutional Analysis of Social-Ecological Systems (PIASES). We coded 5 statutes ranging from 1867 to 2003, and conducted interviews to investigate changes in the governance system. Herby, we focused on changes in the operational rules that structure the focal interactions such as harvesting level and investment activities. Our results show that the governance system has adapted (i) by creating an additional organizational subunit, and (ii) through changing several operational rules. We conclude this paper by outlining the properties of the governance system that allow for adaptations of the operational rules within the operational unit.
BIO: Ivo Baur is an anthropologist by training and a PhD student at the department of geography at Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich. In his thesis, “Analyzing and Modeling Transitions of Common Property Pastures,” he is investigating a case study region (Grindelwald, Switzerland) from a social-ecological systems perspective. More specifically, he is answering the following questions. First, do local governance systems in the Swiss Alps adapt to decreasing resource use? Second, what attributes explains farmers’ appropriation and provision decisions? Third, how can the dynamics of the social-ecological system be modelled using a system dynamics approach?
ECOLOGICAL MACROECONOMICS, A TROPHIC CONUNDRUM, AND STEADY STATESMANSHIP IN GLOBAL AFFAIRS
Presented by Dr. Brian Czech, President, Center for the Advancement of the Steady State Economy, Arlington, VA, and Visiting Assistant Professor, College of Natural Resources, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
Abstract: Ecological macroeconomics focuses on the size of the economy relative to its containing, sustaining ecosystem; sometimes called the “scale issue.” One of the clearest manifestations of the scale issue is the conflict or trade-off between economic growth and biodiversity conservation. This conflict is ultimately based on laws of thermodynamics and is, in that sense, a “fundamental” conflict that cannot be reconciled with technological progress. Attempts to handle this conflict with microeconomics – such as the valuation and marketing of ecosystem services – are at odds with the trophic origins of money. The conflict between economic growth and biodiversity conservation helps illuminate limits to growth, the concept of uneconomic growth, and numerous perils of economic growth including environmental protection in general, economic sustainability, national security, and international stability. Given this conceptual framework, GDP (gross domestic product; the primary indicator of economic activity) becomes an index of environmental impact or ecological footprint. Therefore, ecological macroeconomics calls for international diplomacy in which a nation’s ecological footprint or GDP/hectare may be used as criteria of appropriateness and justice.
BIO: Brian Czech is the founder and President of the Center for the Advancement of the Steady State Economy, a Visiting Professor of Natural Resource Economics at Virginia Tech (Northern Virginia Center), and a Conservation Biologist in the national office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He has a Ph.D. from the University of Arizona, an M.S. from the University of Washington, and a B.S. from the University of Wisconsin. His articles have appeared in dozens of peer-reviewed journals, reflecting the breadth of his work in ecological and economic sustainability. His books include Shoveling Fuel for a Runaway Train, which calls for an end to uneconomic growth, and The Endangered Species Act: History, Conservation Biology, and Public Policy. A third book, Supply Shock: Economic Growth at the Crossroads is scheduled for publication in 2012. Brian is a regular contributor to the Daly News, a blog devoted to advancing the steady state economy as a policy goal with widespread public support.
There will be no formal paper for this presentation. These are two past articles by Dr. Czech on which the lecture will be partially based upon: Czech, B. (2008). Prospects for Reconciling the Conflict between Economic Growth and Biodiversity Conservation with Technological Progress. Conservation Biology, 22(6), 1389–1398. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01089.x and Czech, B. & Daly, H (2004). In My Opinion: The steady state economy—what it is, entails, and connotes. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 2004, 32(2), 598–605.
Event Location: Indiana Memorial Union, Georgian Room
Co-Sponsors: Workshop and Department of Biology
BUILDING TRUST AND RECIPROCITY IN ELDERLY ACTIVITY CLUBS: AN INSTITUTIONAL INTERVENTION
Presented by Tania Ng, Master in Public Policy, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
Abstract: This paper examines the institutional design of Elderly Activity Clubs (EACs) in Sendai City, Japan. The community-based approach to health has increasingly gained attention as a strategy to effect widespread, lasting change in health behaviour. Community institutions such as EACs offer the opportunity at active ageing, however it becomes a “tragedy of commons” when community residents consume it without contributing to its production. The case study of EACs in Sendai City offer us a look at the design principles that makes it conducive for collective action. We look at how social capital is built in EACs as the design principles posited by Elinor Ostrom in “Governing the Commons” offer a way at establishing microsituational variables that will help build norms, trust and reciprocity.
BIO: Tania Ng recently graduated from the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy. Her research interests are in the field of social gerontology and political science of religion. Her current research focuses extensively on studying Elderly Activities Clubs (EACs) in Japan to identify microsituational variables that foster trust and cooperation among participants. At the Workshop, she intends to explore the role of social capital in building community networks for the care of the elderly.
TESTING SOCIAL NORMS AND NORMATIVE THEORIES
David D. Bell and Mary L. Cox, Presented by Professor David D. Bell, Department of Sociology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis
Abstract: Much of what people do is done voluntarily in order to maximize self interest. However, sometimes people do things, such as helping others, that are not clearly in their self interest. Social norms are often cited as the cause of many such prosocial phenomena. In spite of the popularity of normative explanations, there is actually very little research that directly tests the many processes described by social norm theorists. We review the literature on social norms and suggest ways to clarify the terminology around social norms. We describe a strategy to identify and test the processes that are hypothesized to produce normative compliance, and then use this strategy to test a normative theory of condom use, a behavior that is frequently cited as governed by social norms.
BIO: After doing dissertation work under Jim Coleman at Johns Hopkins University and the University of Chicago, Dan eventually joined a think tank in Houston, where he received NIH grants. For 15 years he studied drug users, both in treatment and in the community. He focused on their social networks and risk behaviors. When funding got tight, and the think tank was closed down almost 6 years ago, he received a call from IUPUI asking him to apply for a position in the Sociology Department. He accepted the position, and at IUPUI has been continuing his work on sex risks, HIV, and social networks.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
PREDICTIVE MODELS OF SOCIAL- ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM (SES): DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT REGIMES IN THE BEECH COPPICE FOREST SYSTEM IN CENTRAL ITALIAN APENNINE.
Marco Cervellini, PhD candidate at the School of Environmental Sciences of the University of Camerino and visiting scholar at IUB, Gandiego Campetella, researcher at the Department of Environmental Science, Botany and Ecology section of the University of Camerino, Italy, and Alessandro Gimona, a senior landscape scientist at The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen UK; Presented by Marco Cervellini
Abstract: Achieving sustainable management in socio-ecological systems involves understanding interactions between socio-economic drivers of the current conduct regimes and the responses range of the natural/biological system. This presentation describes the beech forest in the Marche region (Central Italy) as a case study to lay out the bases for assessing and informing the sustainability of the management system. The presentation will discuss the Central Italian Apennine coppicing system based on ecological surveys conducted in the summer of 2011 and in 2006, and data describing the composition and structure of vascular plants, assessed in six vertical layers. During fieldwork, preliminary interviews with cutters, freight brokers and representatives of the local Comunita’ Montane (public bodies charged with the administration of resources in mountain areas) were performed to design a rough conceptual schema of the productive wood chain and management practices. Analyzing such additional dataset (2011), we want to verify if previous demonstrated pattern can be confirmed: high spatial heterogeneity along the chronosequence, negative correlation between species richness and stand age and increasing of beech forest specialist species in old stands. Moreover, we want to verify if difference in structure and richness along the chronosequence are also depending on localized difference in coppicing practices. The forested uplands of the Marche region are characterized by a highly fragmented ownership structure, with many small plots which were historically deployed to coppicing rotation. Conversion to non coppiced forest would be beneficial for conservation of forest specialist species, and associated with more carbon storage, but might be economically problematic. The partial abandonment trend seen over the last decades seems to be slowing down due to the new importance of biomass for energy production, which might result in coalescence of ownership, more commercial felling, and shortened rotation times, with potentially negative consequences for landscape-scale plant diversity and carbon storage.
BIO: Marco Cervellini obtained his BSc in Sciences for Nature and the Environment (University of Camerino, 2006) and his MSc Nature Conservation (University of Bologna, 2009). He worked as a research assistant at The James Hutton Research Institute (Aberdeen, UK) and, under the supervision of Dr. Alessandro Gimona, he built a spatially-explicit meta community model using an existing simulating tool (FEARLUS-SPOM see: POLHILL et al. 2008). Marco is currently a PhD candidate at the School of Environmental Sciences of the University of Camerino.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
ARCTIC GAMES
Presented by Professor Audun Sandberg, Faculty of Social Science, University of Nordland, Bodø, Norway; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop, IUB
Abstract: “Arctic Games – Interactive development and application of a transdisciplinary framework for sustainable governance of Arctic natural resources.” is a MISTRA (Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research) project (2011-2013), which is part of their “Arctic Futures in a Global Context” programme. Participants in this project are Swedish, Russian and Norwegian Research Institutes/Universities. In his presentation, Professor Audun Sandberg, from the University of Nordland, Norway, will share with Colloquium members some of the ideas and ambitions of this macro-oriented project. As opposed to the Antarctic, where a renewed treaty applies, there is no treaty regulating the Arctic. Since the 16th century, the “Race for the Resources of the North” has had many negative effects on biological resources and on the livelihood of northern peoples. Over the last 300 years, the Arctic as a “Global Commons” has slowly been carved up in “slices” and national jurisdiction has been introduced to an increasingly larger portion of the Arctic. After the end of the Cold War, this process is nearing completion. The “arctic states” cooperate through the Arctic Council which has 8 member states (Canada, USA, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and Denmark (with Greenland and Faroes), and 6 Indigenous Arctic Peoples Organisations (AIA, ICC, RAIPON, AAC, GCI & SC). Sweden holds the chairmanship in AC in the period 2011-2013 and has as one of its objectives to promote institutional tools for prevention, preparedness and response when extracting oil in the Arctic in order to safeguard the special features of the region and to develop guidelines for responsible entrepreneurship in the Arctic, which are based on existing internationally agreed guidelines on corporate social responsibility (CSR). The “Arctic Games” project has as its aim to develop a framework to aid these efforts at sustainable development in the Arctic, by using game theory, cost-benefit analysis, economic evaluation methods and governance analysis tools to analyze problems involving natural resource scarcity and strategic behaviour in the Arctic Region. In building this framework the Lofoten area is chosen as a representative and sensitizing case that contains most of the “Arctic social dilemmas”. The presentation will in particular focus on how these dilemmas relate to the policy dilemmas of the greater arctic region.
BIO: Audun Sandberg is Professor of Sociology at the University of Nordland, the 8th and newest University of Norway, located just above the Arctic Circle. He has extensive research experience with resource governing issues in East Africa, South Asia and in Northern Areas of the Earth, and has worked with both, mountain resources, coastal resources and marine resources. He is a long time member of the IASC (International Association for the study of the Commons) and of the SES network. He has been a regular visitor to the Workshop since 1990.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
THE IMPLEMENTATION AND IMPACTS OF CHINA’S LARGEST PAYMENT FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES PROGRAM AS REVEALED BY LONGITUDINAL HOUSEHOLD DATA
By Runshen Yin and Cai Liu, Presented by Dr. Runshen Yin, Associate Professor, Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing; and Visiting Scholar, Workshop
Abstract: As the largest payments for ecosystem services initiative in the developing world, China’s Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) subsidizes households to retire marginal croplands and other degraded fields and restore them to forest or vegetation covers. While it has attracted broad international attention, many questions regarding its performance remain unanswered. Using a longitudinal dataset containing a large number of households in six counties over the period of 1999-2008, we examined the multi-faceted changes in program enrollment, land and labor allocation, agricultural production, income structure and inequality, and other issues. We find that the program has affected land use substantially by simultaneously retiring degraded cropland and increasing forest and vegetation covers, which have accelerated the transfer of on-farm labor into off-farm and/or off-village sectors. Meanwhile, households have intensified agriculture by increasing their expenditures on grain and livestock production, enabling them to offset some of the negative effects of the cropland set-aside and reduced farm labor use and to enhance their income. While the subsidies have been another significant source of income to the participants, most households have had a larger portion of their income come from non-farming jobs, leading to the increase of average household income by over 250%, and the rural poverty and thus the most vulnerable population have been reduced. As impressive as these changes may be, the SLCP still faces great challenges before the ecosystems are recovered to provide their services that will benefit the local, regional, and international communities.
BIO: Dr. Runsheng Yin is an Associate Professor of resource economics at Michigan State University. His current research focuses on assessing the socioeconomic impacts of China’s ecological restoration programs and evaluating the induced changes in such ecosystem services as carbon storage and erosion control. He’s been an affiliate of the MSU Center for Global Change and Earth Observation and Center for Global Observatory for Ecosystem Services. In addition to many book chapters, he has published over 50 peer-reviewed articles, and edited one book, titled “An Integrated Assessment of China’s Ecological Restoration Programs” and two journal special issues in Environmental Management and Forest Science.
LOCAL ASSOCIATIONAL LIFE: THE VITAL ELEMENT IN THE RISE AND FALL OF POLITICAL REGIMES
Presented by Professor Jos Raadschelders, Professor and Henry Bellmon Chair of Public Service, John Glenn School of Public Affairs, Ohio State University, Columbus
Abstract: People are associating creatures. In fact, society is not conceivable without associational life. The government and governance of historical and contemporary societies is inconceivable without associations of varying kind. Since much research into public associational life focuses on (a) the present, (b) the upper-regional level as far as government is concerned and the local to the upper-regional level as far as interest groups, etc., are concerned, and (c) most historically oriented research into associational life focuses on the upper-regional level, in this paper the foundations are explored for a research project into the role and position of human associational life in the rise and fall of political regimes. The main thesis is that human associational life at the local level is and always has been the backbone of upper-local and upper-regional institutional arrangements and the last resort for people to fall back upon in case of system breakdown.
BIO: Jos Raadschelders is a professor of public administration at the John Glenn School of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University. His interests include administrative history, comparative government, and epistemology for the study of public administration. His latest book (Public Administration: The Interdisciplinary Study of Government) has just recently been published by Oxford University Press.
VINCENT OSTROM AND THE QUEST TO UNDERSTAND HUMAN AFFAIRS: RESEARCHING AND EDITING UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS FOR NEW VOLUMES OF OSTROM'S PREVIOUSLY UNPUBLISHED WORKS
Presented by Barbara Allen, Professor of Political Science, Carleton College, and affiliated faculty, Workshop
Abstract: Barbara Allen will discuss the work of Vincent Ostrom and its importance for the study of institutional analysis and development. Allen recently finished editing the two-volume set of Ostrom’s previously unpublished essays: The Quest to Understand Human Affairs: Natural Resources Policy and Essays on Community and Collective Choice, Volume I, and The Quest to Understand Human Affairs: Essays on Collective, Constitutional, and Epistemic Choice, Volume II. Volume I, the 50 essays, reports for US government commissions on environmental problems and resource governance, and studies for the Public Administration Service (PAS) including drafting the State of Alaska Constitution Article VIII on natural resources span the six decades of Ostrom’s career in political science and public administration. Beginning with a 1947 essay on Western (US) issues in national politics and ending with a 2004 manuscript on constitutional foundations and federal institutional forms, these documents tell us about significant developments in administration, constitutional design, and the evolution of theory and practice in the field of institutional analysis and development. Such studies as those completed by Ostrom for the Oregon State Water Board on the damming of the Snake River (1958) and on the Termination of Federal Trusteeship Responsibilities of the Klamath Indians (1957–1958) are linked to his subsequent theoretical writings on federalism, public economies, and public service orders. The 36 essays, memos, and speeches of Volume II are divided among three parts: Constitutional Choice, Epistemic Choice, and The Quest for Understanding and the Future of Democratic Self-Governance. Part I, Constitutional Choice, includes studies on public sector performance and the constitutional dilemmas facing the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the North American “New World” of US constitutionalism, and the United States of Mexico. Essays on David Hume and James Buchanan help the reader to draw from these empirical cases studies to offer more general theoretical propositions about constitutional choice and institutional development. In the essays of Part II, Ostrom turns to the foundational ideas on which the institutions of a particular culture rest. He raises questions about the methodologies of the social sciences, especially the approaches taken in public administration and policy analysis, and insists that we return to “basic questions” in our search for institutional forms that will liberate human communities. Part III offers the reader a colloquy on self-governance in which Ostrom’s speeches and presentations on a variety of twenty-first-century issues are supplemented with letters and memos between Ostrom and visiting scholars and students. These remarkable works not only offer specialists insight into developments in the fields of institutional analysis, resource governance, policy and administration—during the second half of the twentieth century and first decade of the new millennium—but also speak to general readers about worldwide transformations in democracies and human and environment relations as well as the enduring challenge of sustaining just, productive political orders. Allen has annotated each document with extensive headnotes and footnotes that provide context and identify key events and persons cited in the works.
BIO: Barbara Allen is Ada M. Harrison Distinguished Teaching Professor of the Social Sciences, professor and former chair of the Department of Political Science, and director of Women’s Studies at Carleton College, Northfield, MN. She has served as a contributing editor to the Martin Luther King Jr. Papers Project at Stanford University, and has written extensively on the political thought of Martin Luther King Jr. and Alexis de Tocqueville. Her book, Tocqueville, Covenant, and the Democratic Revolution: Harmonizing Earth with Heaven, examines the covenant idea in politics and its influence on American federalism. With colleagues in American politics, she also has published a number of articles on election campaign news coverage and political advertising. Professor Allen has been joined by her students in a multimethod, twelve-year study of these topics, a project for which she was awarded the American Political Science Association Rowman and Littlefield Innovations in Teaching Award in 2005. She has received fellowships for various projects from the Bush Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Earhart Foundation. In addition to studies of political communication, she has conducted community-based participatory research on topics of concern to Deaf Americans. Most recently she directed the feature-length documentary, Signing On: Stories of Deaf Breast Cancer Survivors, their Families and Community.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
PUNCTUATED GENEROSITY: EVENTS, COMMUNITIES, AND CORPORATE PHILANTHROPY IN THE UNITED STATES, 1980-2008
Dr. Christopher Marquis and András Tilcsik, Harvard University; Presented by Dr. Christopher Marquis, Associate Professor in the Organizational Behavior unit at the Harvard Business School and is affiliated with the HBS Social Enterprise Initiative and Harvard University Hauser Center for Non-Profit Organizations, Harvard University, Boston, MA
Abstract: Link to abstract
BIO: Chris Marquis is an Associate Professor in the Organizational Behavior unit at the Harvard Business School and is affiliated with the HBS Social Enterprise Initiative and Harvard University Hauser Center for Non-Profit Organizations. He teaches the MBA elective Social Entrepreneurship in the Business Sector and a doctoral course on Organizational Theory. He has previously taught Leadership and Organizational Behavior (LEAD) in the required MBA curriculum, and in a number of executive education programs. Professor Marquis' current research is focused on how business can have a positive impact on society and in particular how historical processes and community relations have shaped firms' and entrepreneurs' social strategies and activities. He is currently pursuing several streams of research. The first seeks to assess how organizations can be designed to maximize both business and social value. Questions that drive his inquires include: How can companies grow in reach and profit, while staying true to a social mission and maintaining their quality of services or products? And, should social entrepreneurs focus their efforts on leading change of the broader system in which they operate, or should they focus on achieving impact within the existing system? The second explores how environmental sustainability initiatives have developed in China. This research investigates questions such as: What are the implications of transitioning to greener technology when government and business are structurally intertwined? These research projects build on Marquis' earlier work that analyzed how firm behavior is shaped by broader contexts such as embeddedness in geographic communities and how environmental conditions during founding periods leave a lasting imprint on organizations. In particular, Marquis' prior research examined the effects of these processes in the contexts of community-based social networks and the evolution of the US banking industry. Marquis' research has won a number of national awards including the 2006 William H. Newman Award for best dissertation across the entire the Academy of Management, the 2006 Louis R. Pondy award for best dissertation in organizational theory from the Academy of Management, the 2003 James D. Thompson Award for best graduate student paper from the American Sociological Association and the 2005 State Farm Doctoral Dissertation Award. He was a finalist for the 2010 Aspen Institute Faculty Pioneer Award, a runner-up in the Academy of Management's Best Published Paper in Organization and Management Theory in 2009 and a finalist in the 2004 INFORMS/Organization Science Dissertation Proposal Competition. He has published in Academy of Management Journal, Academy of Management Review, Administrative Science Quarterly, American Sociological Review, Journal of Management Inquiry, Organization Science, and Social Networks as well as a number of edited collections. He is a member of the editorial boards of Academy of Management Review, Administrative Science Quarterly, Organization Science and Strategic Organization. Marquis received a BA in History from Notre Dame, MA in History and MBA in Finance from Pitt, and MA and PhD in Sociology from Michigan. Prior to his academic career, he worked for 6 years in the financial services industry, most recently as Vice President and Technology Manager for a business unit of Bank One Corporation (now J.P. Morgan Chase).
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
THE DISTINCTIVENESS OF ANTIWAR ACTIVISM: PATHS OF ACTIVIST PARTICIPATION IN A MULTI-MOVEMENT ENVIRONMENT
Presented by Dr. Fabio Rojas, Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, IUB
Abstract: This paper focuses on the mobilization trajectory of individual activists, which we define as the sequence of participation across different movements. Drawing on recent scholarship depicting movements as embedded in larger multi-movement environments, we argue that recruitment conditions affect mobilization trajectories. An activist's history of participation in various movements is correlated with the identity of the movement that initially mobilized them. We also argue that some mobilizations trajectories indicate a stronger identification with activism. Using a sample of 691 activists, we show that progressive activists are most likely to be recruited through antiwar actions. Then, we show that individuals recruited through antiwar activism have distinctive paths of participation that combine antiwar activism with other issues. Finally, activists who have participated in antiwar activism have a stronger identification with activism and are more likely to be self-described radicals. These results show how the landscape of progressive activism is structured by the unique qualities of antiwar mobilization.
BIO: Fabio Rojas received his Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Chicago in 2003. His main research interest is organizational analysis and its intersections with political sociology. His upcoming book, From Black Power to Black Studies: How a Radical Social Movement Became an Academic Discipline (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007), uses data from the black studies movement to show how social movements generate lasting organizational change. He has also published in journals such as Social Forces, Rationality and Society, and the Journal of Institutional Economics. His new project examines how social movements adopt the role of formalized lobby with data on the current anti-war movement. In addition to his research on the black studies movement, Fabio has published papers and edited volume chapters on computer modeling, rational choice theory, and economic sociology. He currently teaches introduction to sociology, economic sociology, social theory and theories of social organization for graduate students. His leisure time is spent with his family and his musical pursuits.
ORGANIZATIONAL INFLUENCES ON THE DECISION-MAKING OF INDIAN FOREST MANAGERS
Presented by Forrest Fleischman, Research Assistant, Workshop and PhD Candidate, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, IUB
Abstract: Forest management agencies around the world are responsible for making important decisions about the management of forest resources at local to global scales, yet most analyses of common-pool resource management pay little attention to how forest bureaucracies are structured, how these structures influence the implementation of forest polices, and how bureaucratic structures and policy implementation influence the management of local forests. This paper is part of a larger project examining the influences on bureaucratic decision-making in forest management in India, a country with one of the oldest large-scale public forest bureaucracies in the world. I begin this paper by examine a classic work of public administration focused on forests: Herbert Kaufman’s The Forest Ranger. Kaufman observed that the United States Forest Service of the 1950s was a highly effective policy implementer, and posited that characteristics of its organizational structure enabled it to manipulate the preferences of field-level officials so that they aligned closely with organizational goals. I then show that the structure of contemporary Indian forest departments is remarkably similar to the structure of the US Forest Service in the 1950s, but the outcomes are not nearly so good. I argue that the difference is due to contrasting types of political influence. The finding that political influences dominate over bureaucratic values is in contrast to much work in contemporary public administration, and is, I argue, the result of studying bureaucracies which operate in very different political environments.
BIO: Forrest Fleischman is a PHD candidate in public policy at the School of Public and Environmental Affairs and Department of Political Science at Indiana University. His dissertation focuses on the influences on forest manager decision-making in India.
There will not be a formal paper for this session.
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